205 lines
20 KiB
XML
205 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.84.774" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ef985c07-f5b7-4fb0-b9fd-c77fee3995f9" ID-PMC="PMC3088067" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-84-39" ID-PubMed="21594165" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-84-39" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 84" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the South American window fly genus Heteromphrale Kröber, 1937 (Diptera, Scenopinidae)" checkinTime="1451250765814" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Winterton, Shaun L. & Gaimari, Stephen D." docDate="2011" docId="1653980AF6F91CA278E30C6447BF60DC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 84: 39-57" docOrigin="ZooKeys 84" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.84.774" docTitle="Heteromphrale chilensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FF97FF8DFFB1FFA2FFCFFFF333005A17" masterDocTitle="Revision of the South American window fly genus Heteromphrale Kroeber, 1937 (Diptera, Scenopinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1668167234224" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Revision of the South American window fly genus Heteromphrale Kroeber, 1937 (Diptera, Scenopinidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Gaimari, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>84</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>39</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>57</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.84.774</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.84.774</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-84-39</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159361440" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1653980AF6F91CA278E30C6447BF60DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1653980AF6F91CA278E30C6447BF60DC" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kroeber" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale chilensis" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
Heteromphrale chilensis (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kröber">Kroeber</normalizedToken>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figures 12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D4C–D5C–D79C–E">C-D4C-D5C-D79C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
10B
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Pseudatrichia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudatrichia chilensis" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">Pseudatrichia chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kroeber, O" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="31 - 41" title="Neue Dipteren des Deutschen Entomolog. Museums in Dahlem (Conopidae, Omphralidae, Therevidae, Tabanidae)." volume="17" year="1928">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kröber">Kroeber</normalizedToken>
|
||
1928
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale chilensis" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">Heteromphrale chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kröber">Kroeber</normalizedToken>
|
||
). -
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kroeber, O" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="211 - 231" title="Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Omphraliden (Scenopiniden), Diptera." volume="98" year="1937">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kröber">Kroeber</normalizedToken>
|
||
1937
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 221;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardy, DE" editor="Papavero, N" journalOrPublisher="Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="32.1 - 32.5" title="Family Scenopinidae (Omphralidae)" volumeTitle="A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States" year="1966">Hardy 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kelsey, LP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 336" title="A revision of the Scenopinidae (Diptera) of the world" url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33185" volume="277" year="1969">Kelsey 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 286;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kelsey, LP" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="279 - 284" title="A new scenopinid genus with three new species from Chile." volume="47" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 284.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Holotype female, label data: "CHILE
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Concepción">Concepcion</normalizedToken>
|
||
, P. Herbst" / "coll. Lichtwardt" / "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Pseudatrichia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudatrichia chilensis" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">Pseudatrichia chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
det.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kröber”">Kroeber"</normalizedToken>
|
||
/
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“HOLOTYPUS”">"HOLOTYPUS"</normalizedToken>
|
||
. (DEI) (micropinmounted, reasonable condition except abdomen greasy and antennae missing).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="other material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Other material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="45">CHILE: Elqui Province: 10 km N La Serena, 10 m, -29°49.27', -71°16.20', 8.X.2003, M.E. Irwin, ex. hand net in coastal dunes [3 males (CASC) (MEI165208, 165209, 165210), 1 female (CASC) (MEI165211), 3 males (CSCA) (MEI165206, 165207 165212)].</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Antennal flagellum orange brown, abruptly pear-shaped; female frons with extensive pile; mouthparts much smaller than oral cavity; scutum with glabrous, glossy dorsocentral spot (linear in female); wing with vein R4 diverging from R5 at point in basal quarter of cell r5; abdomen vivid matte-white with brown suffusion laterally (also medially in female), and with dark brown spot encompassing tergite 2 sensory patch; tergite 2 sensory patch distinct as two small patches; male epandrium not bulbous, without dense fringe of setae; hypandrium lobes sub-triangular with scle
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="46" start="start">rotized</pageBreakToken>
|
||
lateral margins; distiphallus arms divergent; lateral aedeagal bulbs relatively small; female sternite 8 rounded posteriorly, without fringing elongate setae; acanthophorite spines robust and stout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heteromphrale</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale blanca" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanca">Heteromphrale blanca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: A female thorax, dorsal view [579911] B male thorax, dorsal view [579919];
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale chilensis" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">Heteromphrale chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kröber">Kroeber</normalizedToken>
|
||
): C female thorax, dorsal view [579923] D male thorax, dorsal view [579929];
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale cyanops" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanops">Heteromphrale cyanops</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Edwards): E female thorax, dorsal view [579933] F male thorax, dorsal view [579939]. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale blanca" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanca">Heteromphrale blanca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: A male, lateral view [579920] B female, lateral view [579913]. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Figure 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale chilensis" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">Heteromphrale chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kröber">Kroeber</normalizedToken>
|
||
): A male, lateral view [579931] B female, lateral view [579924]. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Body length: 2.6-3.2 mm [male], 4.8 mm [female]. Head (Figs 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Frons cream-white, female frons with yellow to light brown patch dorsomedially, sometimes more extensive brown-orange suffusion, surface wrinkled, sparsely distributed with small, pale setae; parafacial in male dark orange medially, white along eye margin (in female entirely yellow); ocellar triangle grey pubescent, raised, with anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocellus; occiput and postgena
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="47" start="start">dark</pageBreakToken>
|
||
with pale yellow with orange-brown suffusion marginally; face white with brown suffusion; mouthparts pale, relatively small in size, much smaller than oral cavity; pale yellow, including labellum, labellar setae, and small cylindrical palpus; prementum in male dark orange (in female pale yellow); flagellum orange-brown, abruptly pyriform, tapered distally; scape and pedicel brown with a few minute pale setae. Thorax (Figs 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7). Scutum light brown to grey, yellow on postpronotal lobe, anterior part of scutum adjacent to postpronotum, notopleuron, supra-alar area and postalar callus (in female, with yellow more extensive in these areas); entire thorax overlain with dense glaucous pubescence; glossy black dorsocentral patches present at point posterior third of scutum, patches round in male, elongate in female, paired median brown vittae in anterior half; scutellum dark medially, pale marginally; prosternum yellow, bare; proepisternum and proepimeron orange (in female yellow); anepisternum orange in dorsal half and along posterior margin (in female yellow), except white along dorsal margin and grey to brown pubescent anteroventrally; katepisternum grey to brown pubescent, except orange in upper part (in female yellow); anepimeron white to yellow, darkened anteriorly; meron shining glossy brown, except white pubescent dorsally; legs pale cream with uniform or mottled brown suffusion, tibiae orange, with dorsal surface pale; hind tibia becoming darker distally; tarsi dark. Wing. Venation pale brown; vein R4 diverging from R5 at point in basal quarter of cell r5; aberrant specimens with either spurious vein present between distal part of R5 and C (Fig. 7B) or R4 incomplete basally; haltere mostly cream-white. Abdomen (Fig. 7). Vivid matte-white to cream with brown suffusion laterally; dark brown band posteriorly (more obvious in female), tergite 2 with dark brown band level with and encompassing sensory setal patch; sternites white with brown suffusion laterally; sparse elongate setae on most segments. Male genitalia (Figs 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 10B). Epandrium brown basally and pale yellow
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="48" start="start">marginally</pageBreakToken>
|
||
; sub-quadrangular with posterior margins tapered, fine setae along margin; hypandrium halves small, sub-triangular with multiple lobes directed posteromedially, dark sclerotized along anterior and lateral margins; gonocoxite with darkly sclerotized, acuminate, dorsal process; gonostylus large, posteriorly directed and united medially, apparently fused to gonocoxites; gonocoxal apodeme broadly flattened, outer margin curved, inner margin straight; ejaculatory apodeme minute, directed ventrally; lateral aedeagal bulbs small; ventral apodeme dark sclerotized; distiphallus divergent laterally around gonostylus, medially directed process from between distiphallus projecting towards hypoproct, curved anteriorly, apex spatulate. Female genitalia (Figs 9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Sternite 8 with posterior edge rounded, with longish setae around fringe; acanthophorite spines long and robust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="48" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Originally described in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Pseudatrichia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudatrichia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudatrichia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kroeber, O" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="211 - 231" title="Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Omphraliden (Scenopiniden), Diptera." volume="98" year="1937">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kröber">Kroeber</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1937)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later erected
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heteromphrale</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate this species. Although the female holotype is faded, encrusted with naphthalene and dust, and the abdomen is greasy, the distinctive bone-white color of the abdomen is still observable, along with the brown coloration around the tergite 2 sensory patch. In the original description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kroeber, O" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="31 - 41" title="Neue Dipteren des Deutschen Entomolog. Museums in Dahlem (Conopidae, Omphralidae, Therevidae, Tabanidae)." volume="17" year="1928">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kröber">Kroeber</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1928)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the flagellum as red-yellowish color, but the antennae are now lost from the type specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale chilensis" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">Heteromphrale chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heteromphrale</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the glabrous dorsocentral patches on the scutum (elongate in females), mostly bone-white coloured abdomen, basally bulbous antennal first flagellomere, and the relatively tiny mouthparts. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale blanca" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanca">Heteromphrale blanca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., the tergite 2 sensory patch is large and distinct, and is divided into two small patches with the setae directed medially, and the epandrium is not bulbous as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale cyanops" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanops">Heteromphrale cyanops</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale chilensis" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">Heteromphrale chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is no dense fringe of long white setae. Also like
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale blanca" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanca">Heteromphrale blanca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., the female sternite 8 is rounded, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Heteromphrale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromphrale chilensis" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">Heteromphrale chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the edge is not fringed with long wispy setae, and the acanthophorite spines are robust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Known from Chile (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biobío">Biobio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Region (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Concepcíon">Concepcion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Province) and Coquimbo Region (Elqui Province)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |