215 lines
22 KiB
XML
215 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="AA0162AC5C9D3B0DE9114025DB7FF539" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax macrops" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="186" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853569" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0162AC5C9D3B0DE9114025DB7FF539" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA0162AC5C9D3B0DE9114025DB7FF539" lastPageId="186" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
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<subSubSection pageId="185" pageNumber="186" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="185" pageNumber="186">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="185" pageNumber="186" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
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(077)
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<taxonomicName authority="Sharp" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">Mecyclothorax macrops (Sharp)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 95B, 96
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 97A, 98A, 99
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metrothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metrothorax macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="186" pageNumber="187" start="start">Metrothorax</pageBreakToken>
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macrops
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Sharp, D" editor="Sharp, D" journalOrPublisher="The University Press, Cambridge" pageId="310" pageNumber="311" pagination="175 - 292" title="Coleoptera II. Caraboidea." volumeTitle="Fauna Hawaiiensis" year="1903">Sharp 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 270.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">Mecyclothorax macrops</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Britton, EB" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum" pageId="307" pageNumber="308" pagination="107 - 166" title="A revision of the Hawaiian species of Mecyclothorax (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Occasional Papers of the Bernice P." volume="19" year="1948 b">Britton 1948b</bibRefCitation>
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: 119.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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This species (Fig. 95B) looks much like a smaller version of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax molops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molops">Mecyclothorax molops</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 95A), but the pronotal hind angles are projected, distinctly obtuse, and the pronotal lateral margin clearly sinuate anterad the angle. The pronotal median base is more punctate, with 20 or more punctures each side that are isolated by glossy cuticle. The sutural stria is easily followed to the basal groove, though it is smooth near the elytral base. The parascutellar seta is absent. The setal formula is 1 0 2 0; anterior supraorbital seta absent. Among
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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species of the group this formula is shared only with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">Mecyclothorax macrops</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax scarites" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scarites">Mecyclothorax scarites</taxonomicName>
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. At standardized body length 6.1-6.4 mm, these beetles are diagnostically smaller than the former, and diagnostically larger than the latter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Identification</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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(n = 4). The pronotum is vase shaped, little transverse, MPW/PL = 1.08-1.13, with the base less constricted than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax molops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molops">Mecyclothorax molops</taxonomicName>
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; MPW/BPW = 1.53-1.65. The anterior transverse impression is deep, finely incised, with minute irregularities in the deepest portion. The anterior callosity is convex and crossed by fine longitudinal wrinkles. The elytra are slightly broader basally than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">Mecyclothorax macrops</taxonomicName>
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, with the basal groove distinctly curved anterad to the subangulate humerus; MEW/HuW = 2.05-2.14. The elytral striae are very reduced apically, with only the sutural interval evident, striae 2-7 absent and traceable only by subsurface punctual remnants. The dorsal body surface bears microsculpture, if much reduced: 1, vertex with very shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length; 2, pronotal disc with obsolete transverse lines in part, glossy areas between sculpticells; 3, pronotal median base glossy, with indistinct transverse cells laterally; 4, elytral disc with transverse lines irregularly joined into a loose mesh, apex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length; 5, metasternum with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
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length; and 6, laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe elongate, gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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depth at midlength (Fig. 96A); apex broadly convex dorsally beyond ostial opening, tip acutely pointed, defined by juncture of convex apical face and downwardly curved ventral margin median lobe straight in ventral view, apex curved and slightly displaced to the right, with right and left margins convergent to pointed tip in this view (Fig. 96B); internal sac with lightly sclerotized macrospicules in position of dorsal ostial microtrichial patch (right side of lobe, Fig. 96B); flagellar plate of moderate size, length 0.37
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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parameral articulation-tip distance (estimated from shadow of sclerotized plate in ventral view, Fig. 96B).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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Figure 96. Male aedeagus,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax scaritoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaritoides">Mecyclothorax scaritoides</taxonomicName>
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group species (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">Mecyclothorax macrops</taxonomicName>
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, right and ventral views (nr. Ukulele Camp, 1372-1830 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax scaritoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaritoides">Mecyclothorax scaritoides</taxonomicName>
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right view (Olinda, 1210 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax scarites" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scarites">Mecyclothorax scarites</taxonomicName>
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D Right view (Waikamoi, 975-1210 m) E Right view, sac everted (Olinda, 1280 m) F
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax timberlakei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timberlakei">Mecyclothorax timberlakei</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ke‘anae">Ke'anae</normalizedToken>
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Pali, 1525 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax crassuloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassuloides">Mecyclothorax crassuloides</taxonomicName>
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(Kuhiwa E rim, 880-910 m) G Right view H Ventral view I Right view, sac everted J
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax crassulus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassulus">Mecyclothorax crassulus</taxonomicName>
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, right view, sac everted (Honomanu, 1700 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, elongate, broadest at midlength, length 1.43 mm, midlength breadth 0.51 mm, apical breadth 0.46 mm (Fig. 97A); bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, a thick, curved seta at medioapical angle and 8-9 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 98A); gonocoxite 2 very falcate with narrowly rounded tip, base extended laterally in an elongate panhandle with curved terminus; 2 broad, moderately elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.61
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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Figure 97. Female bursa copulatrix and associated reproductive structures,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax scaritoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaritoides">Mecyclothorax scaritoides</taxonomicName>
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group species, ventral view (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23). A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">Mecyclothorax macrops</taxonomicName>
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(Olinda, 1210 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax scaritoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaritoides">Mecyclothorax scaritoides</taxonomicName>
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(nr. Ukulele Camp, 1525 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax scarites" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scarites">Mecyclothorax scarites</taxonomicName>
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(Olinda, 1280 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax crassuloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassuloides">Mecyclothorax crassuloides</taxonomicName>
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(Midcamp Bog, 1665 m) E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax crassulus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassulus">Mecyclothorax crassulus</taxonomicName>
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(Honomanu, 1680 m). Scale bar = 0.50 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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Figure 98. Female gonocoxa,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax scaritoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaritoides">Mecyclothorax scaritoides</taxonomicName>
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group species, ventral view. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">Mecyclothorax macrops</taxonomicName>
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, left gonocoxa (Olinda, 1210 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax scaritoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaritoides">Mecyclothorax scaritoides</taxonomicName>
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, left gonocoxa (nr. Ukulele Camp, 1525 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax scarites" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scarites">Mecyclothorax scarites</taxonomicName>
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, left gonocoxa (Olinda, 1280 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax crassuloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassuloides">Mecyclothorax crassuloides</taxonomicName>
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, left gonocoxa (Midcamp Bog, 1665 m) E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax crassulus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassulus">Mecyclothorax crassulus</taxonomicName>
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, right gonocoxa (Honomanu, 1680 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="lectotype">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Lectotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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Male (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metrothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metrothorax macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">Metrothorax macrops</taxonomicName>
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Type D.S. Haleakala Maui 383 // Type // Hawaiian Is. Perkins 1904-336. // LECTOTYPE
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metrothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metrothorax macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">Metrothorax macrops</taxonomicName>
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Sharp J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">Mecyclothorax macrops</taxonomicName>
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was collected by Perkins from various elevations near Ukulele Camp, however Perkins also collected a single specimen from Olinda from under the bark of a
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<taxonomicName lsidName="koa" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="koa">koa</taxonomicName>
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tree (Fig. 99), thus expanding the elevational range from 1210-1830 m. Several
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<taxonomicName lsidName="koa" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="koa">koa</taxonomicName>
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-associated
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<taxonomicName family="Carabidae" lsidName="" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
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in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blackburnia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Blackburnia</taxonomicName>
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(Tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynini">Platynini</taxonomicName>
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) suffered catastrophic population declines near the turn of the 20th Century, among them
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blackburnia octoocellata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octoocellata">Blackburnia octoocellata</taxonomicName>
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(Karsch),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blackburnia sharpi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sharpi">Blackburnia sharpi</taxonomicName>
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(Blackburn), and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blackburnia terebrata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terebrata">Blackburnia terebrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Blackburn) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="309" pageNumber="310" pagination="57 - 62" title="Hawaiian Blackburnia beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Platynini): patterns of specialization and implications for conservation." volume="15" year="2006">Liebherr 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The suggested causes are
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="koa" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="koa">koa</taxonomicName>
|
||
logging and incursion of cattle into the Koa Forest edge-the latter compacting the soil and killing the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="koa" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="koa">koa</taxonomicName>
|
||
roots-and invasion by alien isopods that occupied the cavities in mature
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="koa" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="koa">koa</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees that would have previously served as daytime refugia for night-foraging carabid beetles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
Figure 99. Recorded geographic distributions of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax scaritoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaritoides">Mecyclothorax scaritoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |