355 lines
61 KiB
XML
355 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="F50319FDC2F6503C7D881F7DAFE1A852" ID-CLB-Dataset="26416" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4623.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c98de66-5cd8-43eb-8d04-72e430fb6ba9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3253670" ID-ZooBank="4577DBD8-82EB-4CCC-BD8E-B76E2A62C01F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1561365092172" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Wei, Han, Na, Zhang, Min & Zhou, Chang-Fa" docDate="2019" docId="03D087F4622CFFEDFF364B5370ECFF5E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4623.1.8.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4623 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parafronurus youi Zhou & Braasch 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="FFE9FF8C622DFFEAFFA1493A7217FF89" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Parafronurus youi and generic affinities (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae)" masterLastPageNumber="140" masterPageNumber="132" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1698736131008" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A58FC399E7758C1AA9E42C96B5C9121D">
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<mods:title id="C23FCDB43A18ABA303807F465231688A">Redescription of Parafronurus youi and generic affinities (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F19D713F7C0C773D4753C625165981B9">Zhang, Wei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2209BE6BF277F0532A194EC3532BB984">Han, Na</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9432ADF0273650FD0CA50BC908235898">Zhang, Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="3B5047A760A5002E3A265B88EEDE86C8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="938EB81057DEFDF9E34E7C5677686E7E">Zhou, Chang-Fa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="52EFD5F43C740D5A606BCD70FC530AB6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8E04A3F7CE7E69DFDE3CCF84102D75F3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B449003BF860D0969A1EB622AF9B8F7F">
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<mods:date id="D8F935B4D1C67C379E05EB69EEFF9684">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4896B01F1F547954FEB1F0E58E028A38">2019-06-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F59D6385F91AE2D98394A3C5D88F95B6">4623</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4D70502AD59DFE43ED9050C17D9FD864" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4623.1.8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D087F4622CFFEDFF364B5370ECFF5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5940951" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158375313" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5940951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087F4622CFFEDFF364B5370ECFF5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087F4622CFFEDFF364B5370ECFF5E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph id="8BC636E2622CFFEBFF364B537728FD08" blockId="1.[151,1343,616,672]" box="[151,1343,616,641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">
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<subSubSection id="C3636569622CFFEBFF364B5370FCFD08" box="[151,747,616,641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622CFFEBFF364B537062FD08" ID-CoL="75Q7F" authority="Zhou & Braasch, 2003: 148" authorityName="Zhou & Braasch" authorityPageNumber="148" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,629,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Parafronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youi">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622CFFEBFF364B537344FD08" box="[151,339,617,641]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Parafronurus youi</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B113CBF622CFFEBFEF94B527062FD08" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2269198239" box="[344,629,616,641]" country="China" location="Nanjing" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622CFFEBFEF94B527062FD08" author="Zhou, C. F. & Braasch, D." box="[344,629,616,641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" pagination="147 - 151" refId="ref4148" refString="Zhou, C. F. & Braasch, D. (2003) Eine neue Gattung und Art der Heptageniidae aus dem ostlichen China (Ephemeroptera). Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 47, 147 - 151." type="journal article" year="2003">Zhou & Braasch, 2003: 148</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs. 1–20,
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636569622CFFEBFD504B527728FD08" box="[753,1343,616,641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
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adults and nymphs.
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<typeStatus id="54C28840622CFFEBFC1D4B527609FD08" box="[956,1054,616,641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: male, from
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<location id="8EA66039622CFFEBFB3C4B5276E6FD08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087F4622CFFEDFF364B5370ECFF5E:8EA66039622CFFEBFB3C4B5276E6FD08" box="[1181,1265,616,641]" country="China" name="Nanjing" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Nanjing</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36E7672622CFFEBFB5A4B52772CFD08" box="[1275,1339,616,641]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3636569622CFFEBFF364BB2718DFD29" box="[151,922,647,672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC636E2622CFFEBFF364BB2718DFD29" blockId="1.[151,1343,616,672]" box="[151,922,647,672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622CFFEBFF364BB270BFFD29" ID-CoL="75Q7F" authority=": Webb and McCafferty, 2008: 14" authorityName=": Webb and McCafferty" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,680,647,672]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Parafronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youi">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622CFFEBFF364BB27344FD29" box="[151,339,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Parafronurus youi</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622CFFEBFEFE4BBD70BFFD29" author="Webb, J. M. & McCafferty, W. P." box="[351,680,647,672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref4031" refString="Webb, J. M. & McCafferty, W. P. (2008) Heptageniidae of the world. Part II: key to the genera. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 7, 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2008.07" type="journal article" year="2008">Webb and McCafferty, 2008: 14</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622CFFEBFD134BBD7181FD29" author="Zhou, C. F. & Su, C. R. & Gui, H." box="[690,918,647,672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" refId="ref4188" refString="Zhou, C. F., Su, C. R. & Gui, H. (2015) Outline of Chinese mayflies. Science Press, Beijing, 310 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2015">
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Zhou
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<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622CFFEBFD4F4BB3710CFD29" box="[750,795,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">et al</emphasis>
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., 2015: 120
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636569622CFFECFF364BF7708EFC9E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC636E2622CFFEBFF364BF771CFFCB9" blockId="1.[151,1436,717,816]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622CFFEBFF364BF7739BFD61" bold="true" box="[151,396,717,744]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Description. Nymph</emphasis>
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(in alcohol,
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<figureCitation id="13422A67622CFFEBFD834BF4707FFD61" box="[546,616,717,744]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1416,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nymph of Parafronurus youi (digital photos): A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head capsule and pronotum; C. Ventral view of abdomen; D. Caudal filaments; E. Selected segments enlarged of right cercus (ventral view); F. Enlarged selected segments of terminal filament" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253672/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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–5): body length 12.0–14.0 mm, caudal filaments 14.0–15.0 mm, head width
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<quantity id="4C819B07622CFFEBFF7C4BCB7322FC84" box="[221,309,753,781]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
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, antennae 2.0 mm, smooth; head capsule oblong, anterior and posterolateral margins slightly convex, posterior margins straight; anterior margin slightly thickened (
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<figureCitation id="13422A67622CFFEBFCF14A2C7198FCB9" box="[848,911,790,816]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1416,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nymph of Parafronurus youi (digital photos): A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head capsule and pronotum; C. Ventral view of abdomen; D. Caudal filaments; E. Selected segments enlarged of right cercus (ventral view); F. Enlarged selected segments of terminal filament" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253672/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A–B).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF06666A622CFFEBFF364CB273B3FA60" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253672/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" startId="1.[151,250,1416,1441]" targetBox="[151,1436,838,1396]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8BC636E2622CFFEBFF364CB273B3FA60" blockId="1.[151,1436,1416,1513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622CFFEBFF364CB27304FA28" bold="true" box="[151,275,1416,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Nymph of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622CFFEBFE294CB37054FA29" authorityName=": Webb and McCafferty" authorityYear="2008" box="[392,579,1417,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Parafronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youi">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622CFFEBFE294CB37054FA29" box="[392,579,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Parafronurus youi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(digital photos): A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head capsule and pronotum; C. Ventral view of abdomen; D. Caudal filaments; E. Selected segments enlarged of right cercus (ventral view); F. Enlarged selected segments of terminal filament
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC636E2622CFFE8FF664F2D7174FE96" blockId="1.[151,1437,1558,2018]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,153,287]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622CFFEBFF664F2D7341F9B8" bold="true" box="[199,342,1559,1585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Mouthparts</emphasis>
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: labrum width
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<quantity id="4C819B07622CFFEBFDA04F2C704FF9BB" box="[513,600,1558,1586]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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, with shallow median emargination and ventral groove, dense setae on free margins, dorsal and ventral surfaces, those on dorsal surface longer and denser; an additional row of short bristles on ventral anterior margin, those near ventral groove stronger (
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<figureCitation id="13422A67622CFFEBFCFB4F6571B6F9F0" box="[858,929,1631,1657]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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A–B, 3A); both left and right mandibles with long dense setae on outer margin, tuft of spine-like setae on inner apex, prostheca with 7–10 fimbriate bristles (
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<figureCitation id="13422A67622CFFEBFACB4FB972B2F948" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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C–D, 2L, 3D–E); outer incisor of left mandible with serrated margins and one larger terminal denticle, row of spines on dorsal margin (
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<figureCitation id="13422A67622CFFEBFE0C4FF173ECF96C" box="[429,507,1739,1765]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">
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Fig.
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<date id="FFC71022622CFFEBFE414FF173ECF96C" box="[480,507,1739,1765]" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">2I</date>
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</figureCitation>
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); inner incisor with row of setae on dorsal margin, apex divided into 3 terminal denticles (
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<figureCitation id="13422A67622CFFEBFF434FD57324F880" box="[226,307,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
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); outer incisor of right mandible with 3 apical terminal denticles, margins serrated and dorsal margin with row of setae (
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<figureCitation id="13422A67622CFFEBFECA4E2973D1F8A4" box="[363,454,1811,1837]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
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); inner incisor divided into 2 denticles and each denticle with 2 sharp spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622CFFEBFA964E297798F8A4" box="[1335,1423,1811,1837]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Fig. 2L</figureCitation>
|
||
); maxillae with scattered fimbriate setae on ventral surface (Fig. 5B), distal dentiseta and proximal dentiseta simple (Fig. 5A); row of 14–20 comb-shaped setae on crown of galea-lacinia, dense bristles and setae on mesal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622CFFEBFF3E4E4572F2F810" box="[159,229,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G–H, 3F); outer margin and basal half of inner margin of first segment of maxillary palpi with setae; second segment obviously longer than basal one, outer margin with longer setae, apex with setaceous brush (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622CFFEBFAA44E997775F834" box="[1285,1378,1955,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622CFFEBFACC4E997799F834" box="[1389,1422,1955,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1189,1214]" captionTargetBox="[157,1421,193,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,181,1170]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi: A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Hypopharynx (ventral view on left, dorsal view on right); C. Labium (dorsal view on left, ventral view on right); D. Left mandible; E. Right mandible; F. Maxilla" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253678/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="133">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
); labium: glossae slightly expanded with narrow base, inner margin with tuft of long setae, free margin with golden spine-like setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622FFFE8FEF249A373BAFF3A" box="[339,429,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">Figs 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622FFFE8FE1849A373CAFF3A" box="[441,477,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1189,1214]" captionTargetBox="[157,1421,193,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,181,1170]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi: A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Hypopharynx (ventral view on left, dorsal view on right); C. Labium (dorsal view on left, ventral view on right); D. Left mandible; E. Right mandible; F. Maxilla" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253678/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
); paraglossae expanded greatly into palpable lobes, with dense short setae on surface; labial palpi broad, 2-segmented; ventral surface and free margin with setae brushes; dorsal surface with scattered short setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622FFFE8FEBE49DB736DFF72" box="[287,378,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">Figs 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622FFFE8FE2749DB73BDFF72" box="[390,426,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1189,1214]" captionTargetBox="[157,1421,193,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,181,1170]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi: A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Hypopharynx (ventral view on left, dorsal view on right); C. Labium (dorsal view on left, ventral view on right); D. Left mandible; E. Right mandible; F. Maxilla" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253678/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
); hypopharynx: apex of superlinguae extended into round lobe-like structure, with strong curved outer margin; lingua with setae on surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622FFFE8FD71483F7131FE96" box="[720,806,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,309,1403]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622FFFE8FC93483F7142FE96" box="[818,853,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1189,1214]" captionTargetBox="[157,1421,193,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,181,1170]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mouthparts of Parafronurus youi: A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Hypopharynx (ventral view on left, dorsal view on right); C. Labium (dorsal view on left, ventral view on right); D. Left mandible; E. Right mandible; F. Maxilla" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253678/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF06666A622FFFE8FF364CB47350F99A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253674/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="134" startId="2.[151,250,1422,1447]" targetBox="[151,1436,309,1403]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622FFFE8FF364CB47350F99A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1422,1555]" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622FFFE8FF364CB47304FA2E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1422,1447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Mouthparts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622FFFE8FE104CB5707BFA2F" authorityName=": Webb and McCafferty" authorityYear="2008" box="[433,620,1423,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Parafronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622FFFE8FE104CB5707BFA2F" box="[433,620,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">Parafronurus youi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nymph (digital photos): A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Median bristles of ventral labrum; C. Left mandible; D. Right mandible; E. Labium (ventral view); F. Hypopharynx (ventral view); G. Maxilla; H. Apex of maxilla; I. Outer incisor of left mandible; J. Inner incisor of left mandible; K. Outer incisor of right mandible; L. Inner incisor of right mandible
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622FFFE8FF664F7B7034F86E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1601,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622FFFE8FF664F7B733EF9D2" bold="true" box="[199,297,1601,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
pronotum extended laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622FFFE8FD254F7B70D3F9D2" box="[644,708,1601,1627]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1416,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nymph of Parafronurus youi (digital photos): A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head capsule and pronotum; C. Ventral view of abdomen; D. Caudal filaments; E. Selected segments enlarged of right cercus (ventral view); F. Enlarged selected segments of terminal filament" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253672/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="134">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B); supracoxal spurs small and round; legs yellowish brown with irregular pale margins and dots on femora; femora of all legs dorsally with 4 yellowish-brown markings, middle two dots V shaped and apical one dark brown (Fig. 4A–C). Femora of forelegs with a row of long setae on outer margin, dorsal surface with scattered spatulate setae, inner margin with short bristles; foretibiae subequal in length to femora, with row of fine setae on dorsal margins and row of tiny bristles on inner margins; foretarsi onehalf length of tibiae, with row of setae on outer and inner margins, those on apex denser and more numerous; femora of midlegs similar to fore femora, tibiae 0.9x of femora, tarsi approximate 1/3 of tibiae; tibiae with rows of tiny setae on dorsal and outer margins and one row of bristles on inner margins; tarsi of midlegs similar to foretarsi (Fig. 4B); hindlegs similar to midlegs in structure except tibiae 0.72x of femora and tibiae with additional bristles on dorsal ridge (Fig. 4C–D), tarsi of hindlegs similar to foretarsi and midtarsi; mid- and hindlegs with patellar-tibial sutures; femora of all legs with a blunt apical projection (Fig. 4A–C, 4F); claws of all legs similar, with a large basal denticle and 3 subapical denticles (Fig. 4E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF06666A622EFFE9FF364D9F76E2FB6B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="135" startId="3.[151,250,1189,1214]" targetBox="[157,1421,193,1155]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622EFFE9FF364D9F76E2FB6B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1189,1250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622EFFE9FF364D9F7305FB37" bold="true" box="[151,274,1189,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Mouthparts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622EFFE9FE0C4D9C707FFB37" authorityName=": Webb and McCafferty" authorityYear="2008" box="[429,616,1190,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Parafronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622EFFE9FE0C4D9C707FFB37" box="[429,616,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">Parafronurus youi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A. Labrum (ventral view); B. Hypopharynx (ventral view on left, dorsal view on right); C. Labium (dorsal view on left, ventral view on right); D. Left mandible; E. Right mandible; F. Maxilla
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622EFFE9FF664C357190F9AF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1295,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622EFFE9FF664C35732BFAA3" bold="true" box="[199,316,1295,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: terga I–II pale; terga III–IX each with two pairs of pale dots, the median pair larger, especially those on terga VIII–IX, making them paler than others terga, tergum X greenish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622EFFE9FB8A4C0E7693FAC7" box="[1067,1156,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1416,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nymph of Parafronurus youi (digital photos): A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head capsule and pronotum; C. Ventral view of abdomen; D. Caudal filaments; E. Selected segments enlarged of right cercus (ventral view); F. Enlarged selected segments of terminal filament" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253672/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
); sterna pale but sternum VII with dark central ganglion, posterolateral angles of terga I–X extended slightly into small acute projections, larger progressively from anterior to posterior (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622EFFE9FD084C467117FA1F" box="[681,768,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1416,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nymph of Parafronurus youi (digital photos): A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head capsule and pronotum; C. Ventral view of abdomen; D. Caudal filaments; E. Selected segments enlarged of right cercus (ventral view); F. Enlarged selected segments of terminal filament" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253672/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
); each tergum with row of pointed spines on posterior margins (Fig. 4G). Gills I banana-shaped, outer margin expanded, lamellae longer than fibrilliform portion (Fig. 4H); gills II–VI similar to each other, lamellae broad, shorter than fibrillae (Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFC71022622EFFE9FC744CFE71F8FA57" box="[981,1007,1476,1502]" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">4I</date>
|
||
); gills VII with lamellae only, leaf-like and slightly asymmetrical (Fig. 4J). Terminal filament subequal to cerci, with spines and setae on articulations; cerci with whorls of spines and mesal setae on articulations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622EFFE9FCA34F367128F9AF" box="[770,831,1548,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1416,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,838,1396]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nymph of Parafronurus youi (digital photos): A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head capsule and pronotum; C. Ventral view of abdomen; D. Caudal filaments; E. Selected segments enlarged of right cercus (ventral view); F. Enlarged selected segments of terminal filament" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3253672/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622EFFE9FF664F0A76CFF9E7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1295,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622EFFE9FF664F0A7343F9C3" bold="true" box="[199,340,1583,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">Male imago</emphasis>
|
||
(in alcohol, Figs 6–8): body length 10.0–13.0 mm, cerci 25.0–28.0 mm. Compound eyes contiguous, upper portion slightly gray and lower portion black. Body brown, with dark dots and stripes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622EFFE9FF664F42719FF873" blockId="3.[151,1437,1295,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622EFFE9FF664F42733EF91B" bold="true" box="[199,297,1656,1682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="135">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
forecoxae relatively widely separated, making prosternum between them large and flat; mesothoracic furcasternum parallel but widely separated (Fig. 6C); mesonotum with apparent transverse suture, lateral parapsidal sutures relatively straight, jointing posterior transverse suture (Fig. 6D). Femora: tibiae: tarsi of foreleg=3.0: 3.2: 5.1, tarsal segments from basal to apical=0.8: 1.5: 1.2: 1.1: 0.5; femora with median dark dots, articulations dark; femora: tibiae: tarsi of midleg=2.5: 2.0: 1.5, tarsal segments arranging in decreasing order as 5, 1, 2, 3, 4; femora: tibiae: tarsi of hindleg=3.0: 2.2: 1.0, tarsal segments arranging in decreasing order as 5, 1, 2, 3, 4. Forewings transparent, veins and crossveins pigmented reddish brown while crossveins at wingbase, costal, subcostal and stigmatic area darker; several crossveins in stigmatic area of costal section divided; Rs and MP forked equidistant from base of wing to margin; MA forked over 1/2 of distance from base of wing to margin; Rs, MA and MP forked symmetrically (Figs 7A, 8A); hindwings with clear basal costal projections, MA forked distally but MP forked basal (Figs 7B, 8B); length of hindwings 0.32x forewings (Figs 7A–B, 8A–B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E26229FFEEFF664FC5776BF8EA" blockId="4.[151,1437,1791,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF06229FFEEFF664FC57352F893" bold="true" box="[199,325,1791,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="136">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
each tergum of abdomen I–VII with a pair of oblique dark brown stripes and a pair of dorsal markings; posterior margin of abdominal terga I–VII with thin brown markings, terga VII–IX paler (Fig. 7F). Cerci pale (basal segments slightly reddish), every two articulations dark brown while several basal ones deep colored too.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E26229FFEEFF664E517383F87A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1791,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF06229FFEEFF664E517328F80F" bold="true" box="[199,319,1899,1926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="136">Genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
styliger plate with median convex posterior margin and 2 lateral lobes; combined length of forceps segments 3–4 less than half segment 2, segment 4 2/
|
||
<date id="FFC710226229FFEEFD4B4EAA7113F823" box="[746,772,1936,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="136">3x</date>
|
||
segment 3; penes fused in basal half, apical half separated but contiguous; stem of penis base sclerotized laterally (Fig. 7C–D); with median spine-like titillators, subapically and mesally (Fig. 7D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622BFFECFF6649A37102FECB" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFF6649A3736AFF3A" bold="true" box="[199,381,152,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Male subimago</emphasis>
|
||
(in alcohol): body 10.0–12.0 mm, forewing 10.0–12.0 mm, hindwing 3.0–4.0 mm, cerci 16.0– 17.0 mm; color pattern similar to male. Femora: tibiae: tarsi of foreleg=3.0: 2.0: 2.2, tarsal segments arranging in decreasing order as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; those of midleg=2.5: 2.0: 1.2, length order of tarsal segments in decreasing as 1, 5, 2, 3, 4; those of hindleg=3.0: 2.5: 1.0, tarsal segments similar to midlegs. Wings semi-transparent, yellowish brown but crossveins clear; articulations of cerci brown to dark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622BFFECFF6648777712FD93" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFF6648777378FEEE" bold="true" box="[199,367,332,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Female imago</emphasis>
|
||
(in alcohol, Figs 6B, 7E): body length 10.0–12.0 mm, forewing 10.0–12.0 mm, hindwing 3.0– 4.0 mm, cerci 25.0–29.0 mm. Body brown with dark dots and stripes. Femora: tibiae: tarsi of foreleg=2.5: 2.5: 2.0, tarsal segments arranging in decreasing order as 2, 1, 3, 5, 4; those of midleg=2.8: 2.2: 1.0, length order of tarsal segments in decreasing as 5, 1, 2, 3, 4; those of hindleg=3.0: 2.5: 1.0, tarsal segments similar to midlegs (Fig. 6B). Wings transparent, more pigmented than in male imago. Subgenital plate almost reaching posterior margin of sternum VIII; subanal plate with convex posterior margin (Fig. 7E). Articulations of cerci brown to dark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622BFFECFF664B1F70F4FD47" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFF664B1F738CFDB6" bold="true" box="[199,411,548,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Female subimago</emphasis>
|
||
(in alcohol): body 10.0–13.0 mm, forewing 10.0–12.0 mm, hindwing 3.0–4.0 mm, cerci 17.0–18.0 mm. Body dull, wings yellowish brown, cerci with dark articulations and tiny setae. Color pattern similar to female imago. Femora: tibiae: tarsi of foreleg=3.0: 2.8: 1.5, tarsal segments arranging in decreasing order as 2, 1, 3, 5, 4; those of midleg=3.2: 2.8: 1.5, length order of tarsal segments in decreasing as 5, 1, 2, 3, 4; those of hindleg=3.5: 3.0: 1.0, tarsal segments similar to midlegs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622BFFECFF664BE2708EFC9E" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFF664BE27312FD7A" bold="true" box="[199,261,728,755]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">EGG</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622BFFECFEB54BE2734FFD7A" box="[276,344,728,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1353,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,848,1333]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. Egg of Parafronurus youi: A. Whole picture; B. Surface enlarged" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3415727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3415727/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
): Egg oval (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622BFFECFE7C4BE27022FD7A" box="[477,565,728,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1353,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,848,1333]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. Egg of Parafronurus youi: A. Whole picture; B. Surface enlarged" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3415727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3415727/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
), decorated with tubercle-like projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A67622BFFECFBB04BE2767FFD7A" box="[1041,1128,728,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1353,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,848,1333]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. Egg of Parafronurus youi: A. Whole picture; B. Surface enlarged" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3415727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3415727/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Egg surface with irregular small knob-terminated coiled threads (KCTs).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636569622BFFECFF664A1A73CCFBBF" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622BFFECFF664A1A779FFC2F" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFF664A1A7355FCB2" bold="true" box="[199,322,800,827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
In the original paper of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFDEA4A1A7142FCB2" author="Zhou, C. F. & Braasch, D." box="[587,853,800,827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="147 - 151" refId="ref4148" refString="Zhou, C. F. & Braasch, D. (2003) Eine neue Gattung und Art der Heptageniidae aus dem ostlichen China (Ephemeroptera). Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 47, 147 - 151." type="journal article" year="2003">Zhou & Braasch (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the following characters are not described accurately: (1) Shape of nymphal gill VII (more slender); (2) Prostheca (with only 8–9 simple bristles); (3) Scattered setae on ventral surface of maxillae (tiny setae); (4) Prosternum and mesosternum (characters not mentioned); (5) Shape and venations of wings. In this paper, with the help of digital and SEM photos, those characters are presented clearly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622BFFECFF664A8A73CCFBBF" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
|
||
According to system provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFDEB4A8A719FFC42" author="Webb, J. M. & McCafferty, W. P." box="[586,904,944,971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref4031" refString="Webb, J. M. & McCafferty, W. P. (2008) Heptageniidae of the world. Part II: key to the genera. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 7, 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2008.07" type="journal article" year="2008">Webb & McCafferty (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFBAB4A8B76B6FC42" authorityName="Zhou & Braasch" authorityYear="2003" box="[1034,1185,945,971]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Parafronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFBAB4A8B76B6FC42" box="[1034,1185,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Parafronurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be placed into subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFEAF4AEE73BDFC67" baseAuthorityName="Webb & McCafferty" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[270,426,980,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ecdyonurinae">Ecdyonurinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of following characters: nymphal banana-shaped gills I, scattered setae on ventral surface of maxillae, serrated margins of mandibular incisors, imaginal medial depression of mesothoracic furcasternum with parallel margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636569622BFFEDFF664D7A70ECFF5E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622BFFECFF664D7A7047F9A7" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
|
||
Based on the structures described in this paper and information provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFBBD4D7A7731FBD2" author="Zhou, C. F. & Braasch, D." box="[1052,1318,1088,1115]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="147 - 151" refId="ref4148" refString="Zhou, C. F. & Braasch, D. (2003) Eine neue Gattung und Art der Heptageniidae aus dem ostlichen China (Ephemeroptera). Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 47, 147 - 151." type="journal article" year="2003">Zhou & Braasch (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFAFA4D7A7384FBF6" author="Webb, J. M. & McCafferty, W. P." pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref4031" refString="Webb, J. M. & McCafferty, W. P. (2008) Heptageniidae of the world. Part II: key to the genera. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 7, 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2008.07" type="journal article" year="2008">Webb & McCafferty (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the following combined characters can differentiate the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFBDF4D5F7702FBF6" authorityName="Zhou & Braasch" authorityYear="2003" box="[1150,1301,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Parafronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFBDF4D5F7702FBF6" box="[1150,1301,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Parafronurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFF364DB27321FB2B" baseAuthorityName="Webb & McCafferty" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[151,310,1160,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ecdyonurinae">Ecdyonurinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In nymph: (1) anterior margin of head capsule slightly thickened, without any emargination, notch, spine or setae; (2) labrum about 0.43x head width, with shallow median notch and dense setae; (3) outer margins of mandibles with dense long setae, incisors divided apically; (4) distal and proximal dentisetae simple; (5) glossae of labium slightly expanded, with short bristles on free margins; (6) paraglossae of labium expanded greatly; (7) superlinguae of hypopharynx with greatly waved outer margin and round apex; (8) pronotum expanded laterally into small lobes; (9) supracoxal spurs round; (10) abdominal terga without spine, ridge or large elongated posterolateral projections; (11) lamellae of first gills banana-shaped; (12) articulations of terminal filament with rings of spines and setae, cerci with spines on articulations too, but only interfacing side with setae. In male imago: (13) compound eyes contiguous; (14) relatively large flat portion between forecoxae of prosternum; (15) crossveins of forewings distinctly pigmented; (16) some crossveins at stigmatic area divided further; (17) legs (foretarsi longer than tibiae, hindtarsi about half tibiae); (18) shape of genitalia and forceps; (19) penes without spines; (20) convex posterior margin of sternum IX of female imago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622BFFECFF664F037006F96B" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Among those characters, the shape of head capsule, relatively wider labrum and its setae pattern, labium (glossae with strong bristles on margins), gills (shape of gills I and VII), imaginal wings (some crossveins divided in stigmatic area), genitalia (forceps and penes), patterns of maxillae and swimming setae on caudal filaments are unique to the genus, especially simple proximal and distal dentisetae, and ring of swimming setae on terminal filament and mesal setae on cerci articulations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636E2622BFFEDFF664FD670ECFF5E" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFF664FD6733DF88E" bold="true" box="[199,298,1772,1799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Affinity.</emphasis>
|
||
Clearly, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFDA24FD7708DF88E" authorityName="Zhou & Braasch" authorityYear="2003" box="[515,666,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Parafronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFDA24FD7708DF88E" box="[515,666,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Parafronurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFC1E4FD6778AF88E" authority="(Webb & McCafferty 2008)" authorityName="Webb & McCafferty" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Webb & McCafferty" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[959,1437,1772,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ecdyonurinae">
|
||
Ecdyonurinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFBCB4FD67782F88E" author="Webb, J. M. & McCafferty, W. P." box="[1130,1429,1772,1799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref4031" refString="Webb, J. M. & McCafferty, W. P. (2008) Heptageniidae of the world. Part II: key to the genera. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 7, 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2008.07" type="journal article" year="2008">Webb & McCafferty 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFF194E2A7329F8A3" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1868" box="[184,318,1808,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Ecdyonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFF194E2A7329F8A3" box="[184,318,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Ecdyonurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/fg1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFEDD4E2A701EF8A2" author="Kluge, N. Yu." box="[380,521,1808,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" refId="ref3862" refString="Kluge, N. Yu. (2004) The Phylogenetic System of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 442 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because of the presence of fimbriate setae on the ventral surface of maxillae, it is close to such genera as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFE414E0F710EF8C6" authority="Eaton, 1881" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[480,793,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Compsoneuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFE414E0F7092F8C6" box="[480,645,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Compsoneuria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFD2E4E0F710EF8C6" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[655,793,1845,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="21 - 27" refId="ref3795" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1881) An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 18, 21 - 27." type="journal article" year="1881">Eaton, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFC884E0E7692F8C6" authority="Ulmer, 1939" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[809,1157,1844,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Compsoneuriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFC884E0E71FDF8C7" box="[809,1002,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Compsoneuriella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFC554E0E7692F8C6" author="Ulmer, G." box="[1012,1157,1844,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="443 - 692" refId="ref4006" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFB324E0E72D8F8FA" authority="Kluge, 2004" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Ecdyogymnurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFB324E0E7750F8C7" box="[1171,1351,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Ecdyogymnurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFAF04E0E72D8F8FA" author="Kluge, N. Yu." pageId="6" pageNumber="138" refId="ref3862" refString="Kluge, N. Yu. (2004) The Phylogenetic System of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 442 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFF7C4E6273E3F8FB" authority="Eaton, 1868" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1868" box="[221,500,1880,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Ecdyonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFF7C4E627374F8FB" box="[221,355,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Ecdyonurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFECB4E6373E3F8FB" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[362,500,1880,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="82 - 91" refId="ref3766" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1868) An outline of re-arrangement of the genera of Ephemeridae. Entomologist Monthly Magazine, 5, 82 - 91." type="journal article" year="1868">Eaton, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFE5E4E637130F8FA" authority="Flowers, 1980" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" box="[511,807,1880,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Leucrocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFE5E4E637069F8FB" box="[511,638,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Leucrocuta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFD254E627130F8FA" author="Flowers, R. W." box="[644,807,1880,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="296 - 307" refId="ref3823" refString="Flowers, R. W. (1980) Two new genera of Nearctic Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera). The Florida Entomologist, 63, 296 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3494626" type="journal article" year="1980">Flowers, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFC934E63761BF8FA" authority="Flowers, 1980" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" box="[818,1036,1880,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Nixe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFC934E637172F8FB" box="[818,869,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Nixe</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFCCD4E62761BF8FA" author="Flowers, R. W." box="[876,1036,1880,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="296 - 307" refId="ref3823" refString="Flowers, R. W. (1980) Two new genera of Nearctic Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera). The Florida Entomologist, 63, 296 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3494626" type="journal article" year="1980">Flowers, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFBBB4E627753F8FA" author="Webb, J. M. & McCafferty, W. P." box="[1050,1348,1880,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref4031" refString="Webb, J. M. & McCafferty, W. P. (2008) Heptageniidae of the world. Part II: key to the genera. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 7, 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2008.07" type="journal article" year="2008">Webb & McCafferty 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFAF14E6272F6F81E" author="Sartori, M." pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref3904" refString="Sartori, M. (2014 a) The concept of Compsoneuria Eaton, 1881 revisited in light of historical and new material from the Sunda Islands (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae). Zootaxa, 3835 (1), 1 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3835.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Sartori 2014a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, the presence of simple distal dentisetae on maxillae and primarily swimming setae on cerci and terminal filament seems to indicate this genus is related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFC3B4E9A76E2F832" authority="Bajkova, 1975" authorityName="Bajkova" authorityYear="1975" box="[922,1269,1952,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paracinygmula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFC3B4E9A7650F833" box="[922,1095,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Paracinygmula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFBEF4E9A76E2F832" author="Bajkova, O. Y." box="[1102,1269,1952,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="54 - 57" refId="ref3730" refString="Bajkova, O. Y. (1975) [New genus of Ephemeroptera from the Primor'ye]. Izvestiya Sibirskogo Otdelrniya Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1, 54 - 57. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1975">Bajkova, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFAA14E9B72D8F856" authority="Flowers, 1980" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Nixe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFAA14E9B7724F833" box="[1280,1331,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Nixe</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFA9A4E9A72D8F856" author="Flowers, R. W." pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="296 - 307" refId="ref3823" refString="Flowers, R. W. (1980) Two new genera of Nearctic Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera). The Florida Entomologist, 63, 296 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3494626" type="journal article" year="1980">Flowers, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622BFFECFEAB4EFE7047F856" authority="Ulmer, 1939" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[266,592,1988,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622BFFECFEAB4EFE73AEF857" box="[266,441,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFE634EFE7047F856" author="Ulmer, G." box="[450,592,1988,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="443 - 692" refId="ref4006" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFDC04EFE70FCF856" author="Kluge, N. Yu." box="[609,747,1988,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" refId="ref3862" refString="Kluge, N. Yu. (2004) The Phylogenetic System of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 442 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B13622BFFECFD594EFE718FF856" author="Sartori, M." box="[760,920,1988,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="47 - 61" refId="ref3962" refString="Sartori, M. (2014 b) Status of the enigmatic Oriental genus Rhithrogeniella Ulmer, 1939 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Zookeys, 429, 47 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 429.8116" type="journal article" year="2014">Sartori 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Considering the Oriental distribution of the latter, it is believed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622AFFEDFE0949A37028FF3A" authorityName="Zhou & Braasch" authorityYear="2003" box="[424,575,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Parafronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622AFFEDFE0949A37028FF3A" box="[424,575,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="139">Parafronurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622AFFEDFCA949A371A0FF3A" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[776,951,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAF0622AFFEDFCA949A371A0FF3A" box="[776,951,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="139">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Certainly, its exact relationship within the different genera in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D61622AFFEDFECD4987701FFF5E" baseAuthorityName="Webb & McCafferty" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[364,520,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ecdyonurinae">Ecdyonurinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
needs more research.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |