1129 lines
122 KiB
XML
1129 lines
122 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F0D1E593339FCBC16F0D2283074B2E31">Searching for Mediterranean bath sponges (Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida: Spongiidae) in the Northeast Atlantic reveals a new species: an integrative taxonomic approach</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="906699683111D6F352046486E119404B">Grenier, Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D74CA2D97DA0F4CBE0EB84D076BA9629">Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR CNRS 7263, IRD 237 - Aix Marseille Université - Avignon Université, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France & Neuralia SAS, 410 Chemin Départemental 60, 13120, Gardanne, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2330C73F2417367D3502997BDD92CF36">Simmler, Charlotte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DD0B238A7E4E4E0951742E78D34D197E">Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR CNRS 7263, IRD 237 - Aix Marseille Université - Avignon Université, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="109EDD46243B9ECBEE54EB9435DCB092">Chevaldonné, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7042EDBDDA6EE5C9396F8B007295648F">Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR CNRS 7263, IRD 237 - Aix Marseille Université - Avignon Université, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6B7539FD3BB3F6EF0A8F790202CD6E7A">Callizot, Noëlle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="88A72A14FEFE3773C93AE27E518870BB">Neuralia SAS, 410 Chemin Départemental 60, 13120, Gardanne, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="449EDABD0B23E05B60E877FC76D49138">Pérez, Thierry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C93662EB20064CA2DB06400580BE2B87">Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR CNRS 7263, IRD 237 - Aix Marseille Université - Avignon Université, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CEAC0051421724977EAEB1E676A25681" type="email">thierry.perez@imbe.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="87540F68D39A0B44A6927CA0D44512E6">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FCE7B0D763E08E94DD2628DD1C46AE0E">2023-11-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5A5E3ECEEFE27F52A452E3687BAD745A">202</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C413350E925C27053F0D98A4C2D45A2F" type="CLB-Dataset">306278</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="35168113893F8AEF433C83BB349A4231" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad166</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6864879DFFC1A77FFC2FFD13FB45F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14269276" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14269276" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6864879DFFC1A77FFC2FFD13FB45F848" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6864879DFFC1A77FFC2FFD13FB45F848" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" scope_class="Demospongiae" scope_family="Spongiidae" scope_order="Dictyoceratida" scope_phylum="Porifera">
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<subSubSection id="A8D76500FFC1A77BFC2FFD13FAF7FD17" box="[982,1317,644,671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFC2FFD13FAF7FD17" blockId="10.[982,1317,644,671]" box="[982,1317,644,671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="BB3A81E7FFC1A77BFC2FFD13FAF7FD17" bold="true" box="[982,1317,644,671]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC1A77BFC2FFD13FAF7FD17" ID-CoL="6ZBN6" authority="(Schulze, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[982,1317,644,671]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
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<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFC2FFD13FAF7FD17" bold="true" box="[982,1317,644,671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFC2FFD13FBAAFD16" bold="true" box="[982,1144,644,671]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Spongia lamella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="845C4B7AFFC1A77BFB7AFD12FACFFD17" author="Schulze" box="[1155,1309,644,670]" firstAuthor="Schulze" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="593 - 660" refId="ref18662" refString="Schulze FE. Untersuchungen uber den Bau und die Entwicklung der Spongien. Siebente Mittheilung. Die Familie der Spongidae. Zeitschriss fur wissenschassliche Zoologie 1879; 32: 593 - 660." type="journal article" year="1879">Schulze, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8D76500FFC1A77BFBAEFD22FB77FD47" box="[1111,1189,692,718]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFBAEFD22FB77FD47" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" box="[1111,1189,692,718]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFBAEFD22FB77FD47" bold="true" box="[1111,1189,692,718]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC1A77BFB98FD22FB48FD47" box="[1121,1178,692,718]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1236,1260]" captionTargetBox="[117,1456,146,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-302@11.[114,1458,144,1208]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 4. In situ pictures of Spongia lamella in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, A, Baloo tunnel, Ciboure, France.B, C, Mouro Island, Santander, Spain.D, Marseille, France." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340973/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8D76500FFC1A77AFBDDFD48FB34F8CF" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFBDDFD48FB05FD71" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" box="[1060,1239,734,760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFBDDFD48FB05FD71" box="[1060,1239,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCC0FC93FC68FCD2" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20200602-MRS-MTP3, Pharillons de Maïre, cliff at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFAB0FC93FAAEFC95" box="[1353,1404,773,797]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Marseille,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFC5DFCB2FC3BFCB2" box="[932,1001,804,827]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
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(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFC01FCB2FBA6FCB5" box="[1016,1140,802,828]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="27" value="43.2075">
|
||
43°12
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFBCEFCB4FBEFFCB2" box="[1079,1085,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
27″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFB87FCB2FB38FCB5" box="[1150,1258,802,828]" degrees="5" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="17" value="5.3380556">
|
||
5°20
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB57FCB4FB66FCB2" box="[1198,1204,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
17″E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFCC0FCD5FC64FCD2" box="[825,950,835,859]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2020-06-02">2 June 2020</date>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACFCF5FC2EFC30" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20200602-MRS-MTP4, Pharillons de Maïre, cliff at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFA70FCF5FA10FCF3" box="[1417,1474,867,891]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Marseille,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFC12FC14FBE2FC10" box="[1003,1072,898,921]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFBC7FC14FB68FC13" box="[1086,1210,896,922]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="27" value="43.2075">
|
||
43°12
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB84FC16FB51FC10" box="[1149,1155,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
27″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFB3DFC14FAFDFC13" box="[1220,1327,896,922]" degrees="5" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="17" value="5.3380556">
|
||
5°20
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB0AFC16FB2BFC10" box="[1267,1273,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
17″E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFC85FC37FC2BFC30" box="[892,1017,929,953]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2020-06-02">2 June 2020</date>
|
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACFC56FC2EFB9E" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20200602-MRS-MTP5, Pharillons de Maïre, cliff at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFA70FC57FA10FC51" box="[1417,1474,961,985]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Marseille,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFC12FC76FBE2FC7E" box="[1003,1072,992,1015]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFBC7FC76FB68FC71" box="[1086,1210,990,1016]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="27" value="43.2075">
|
||
43°12
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB84FC48FB51FC7E" box="[1149,1155,990,1015]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
27″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFB3DFC76FAFDFC71" box="[1220,1327,990,1016]" degrees="5" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="17" value="5.3380556">
|
||
5°20
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB0AFC48FB2BFC7E" box="[1267,1273,990,1015]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
17″E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFC85FC69FC2BFB9E" box="[892,1017,1023,1047]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2020-06-02">2 June 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACFB88FC2EFBFC" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20200602-MRS-MTP6, Pharillons de Maïre, cliff at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFA70FB89FA10FBBF" box="[1417,1474,1055,1079]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Marseille,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFC12FBA8FBE2FBDC" box="[1003,1072,1086,1109]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFBC7FBA8FB68FBDC" box="[1086,1210,1084,1110]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="27" value="43.2075">
|
||
43°12
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB84FBAAFB51FBDC" box="[1149,1155,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
27″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFB3DFBA8FAFDFBDC" box="[1220,1327,1084,1110]" degrees="5" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="17" value="5.3380556">
|
||
5°20
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB0AFBAAFB2BFBDC" box="[1267,1273,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
17″E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFC85FBCBFC2BFBFC" box="[892,1017,1117,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2020-06-02">2 June 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACFBEAFC2EFB5A" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20200602-MRS-MTP7, Pharillons de Maïre, cliff at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFA70FBEBFA10FB1D" box="[1417,1474,1149,1173]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Marseille,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFC12FB0AFBE2FB3A" box="[1003,1072,1180,1203]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFBC7FB0AFB68FB3A" box="[1086,1210,1178,1204]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="27" value="43.2075">
|
||
43°12
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB84FB0CFB51FB3A" box="[1149,1155,1178,1203]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
27″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFB3DFB0AFAFDFB3A" box="[1220,1327,1178,1204]" degrees="5" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="17" value="5.3380556">
|
||
5°20
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB0AFB0CFB2BFB3A" box="[1267,1273,1178,1203]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
17″E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFC85FB2DFC2BFB5A" box="[892,1017,1211,1235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2020-06-02">2 June 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACFB4CFC2EFAB8" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20200602-MRS-MTP8, Pharillons de Maïre, cliff at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFA70FB4DFA10FB7B" box="[1417,1474,1243,1267]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Marseille,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFC12FB6CFBE2FA98" box="[1003,1072,1274,1297]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFBC7FB6CFB68FA98" box="[1086,1210,1272,1298]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="27" value="43.2075">
|
||
43°12
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB84FB6EFB51FA98" box="[1149,1155,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
27″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFB3DFB6CFAFDFA98" box="[1220,1327,1272,1298]" degrees="5" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="17" value="5.3380556">
|
||
5°20
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB0AFB6EFB2BFA98" box="[1267,1273,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
17″E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFC85FA8FFC2BFAB8" box="[892,1017,1305,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2020-06-02">2 June 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACFAAEFBCDFA06" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20160607-GIJ-JC1, Las Gemelas island, rock substrate at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFA51FAAFFC9CFAE6" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Gijon,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFC10FACEFBF0FAF9" box="[1001,1058,1368,1392]" name="Spain" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFBCBFACEFB7DFAE6" box="[1074,1199,1366,1392]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="22" value="43.55611">
|
||
43°33
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB88FAC0FBA5FAE6" box="[1137,1143,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
22″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFB43FACEFAE3FAE6" box="[1210,1329,1366,1392]" degrees="5" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-5.608611">
|
||
5°36
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB13FAC0FB22FAE6" box="[1258,1264,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
31″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: J. Cristobo,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFC67FAEEFBC9FA06" box="[926,1051,1399,1423]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2016-06-07">7 June 2016</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACFA00FBECFA64" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20200624-HEN-BMNC2, Belhara, on reef flat at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFAB1FA01FAAEFA27" box="[1352,1404,1431,1455]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="22.0">22 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Hendaye,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFC66FA20FC36FA44" box="[927,996,1462,1485]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFC08FA20FBBCFA44" box="[1009,1134,1460,1486]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="00" value="43.4">
|
||
43°24
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFBC9FA22FBE4FA44" box="[1072,1078,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
00″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFB8FFA20FB3CFA44" box="[1142,1262,1460,1486]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-1.7175001">
|
||
1°43
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB5CFA22FB79FA44" box="[1189,1195,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
03″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: M. N. de Casamajor,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFC48FA43FBE8FA64" box="[945,1082,1493,1517]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2020-06-24">24 June 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACFA63FB65F9C2" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20200814-HEN-AMNC3, Abbadia, on reef flat at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFA7FFA63FA10F985" box="[1414,1474,1525,1549]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Hendaye,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFC17F982FBE1F9A2" box="[1006,1075,1556,1579]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFBBCF982FB10F9A2" box="[1093,1218,1554,1580]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="56" value="43.39889">
|
||
43°23
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB7DF984FB58F9A2" box="[1156,1162,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
56″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFB36F982FA94F9A2" box="[1231,1350,1554,1580]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-1.7577778">
|
||
1°45
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB07F984FAD6F9A2" box="[1278,1284,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
28″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: M. N. de Casamajor,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFBF6F9A5FB61F9C2" box="[1039,1203,1587,1611]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2020-08-14">14 August 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACF9C4FB89F920" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20210630-CIB-BPC1, Baloo tunnel at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFADCF9C5FAB9F9E3" box="[1317,1387,1619,1643]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Ciboure,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFC59F9E4FC37F900" box="[928,997,1650,1673]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFC03F9E4FB58F900" box="[1018,1162,1648,1674]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="59.0" value="43.41639">
|
||
43°24
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFBC3F9E6FB92F900" box="[1082,1088,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
59.0″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFB63F9E4FAF6F900" box="[1178,1316,1648,1674]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="52.2" value="-1.6645">
|
||
1°39
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB30F9E6FB1DF900" box="[1225,1231,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
52.2″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: P. Chevaldonné,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFC34F907FB84F920" box="[973,1110,1681,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2021-06-30">30 June 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACF926FB89F88E" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20210630-CIB-BPC3, Baloo tunnel at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFADCF926FAB9F941" box="[1317,1387,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Ciboure,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFC59F946FC37F96E" box="[928,997,1744,1767]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFC03F946FB58F96E" box="[1018,1162,1742,1768]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="59.0" value="43.41639">
|
||
43°24
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFBC3F958FB92F96E" box="[1082,1088,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
59.0″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFB63F946FAF6F96E" box="[1178,1316,1742,1768]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="52.2" value="-1.6645">
|
||
1°39
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFB30F958FB1DF96E" box="[1225,1231,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
52.2″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: P. Chevaldonné,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFC34F979FB84F88E" box="[973,1110,1775,1799]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2021-06-30">30 June 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACF898FC72F8EC" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20210726-CIB-BTP1, Baloo tunnel at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFB1DF898FAC8F8AF" box="[1252,1306,1806,1830]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Ciboure,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFCC0F8B8FCACF8CC" box="[825,894,1838,1861]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFC68F8B8FBF3F8CC" box="[913,1057,1836,1862]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="59.0" value="43.41639">
|
||
43°24
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFC28F8BAFC05F8CC" box="[977,983,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
59.0″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFBD6F8B8FB6BF8CC" box="[1071,1209,1836,1862]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="52.2" value="-1.6645">
|
||
1°39
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFBA7F8BAFBB6F8CC" box="[1118,1124,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
52.2″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFA51F8B8FC4EF8EC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2021-07-26">26 July 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC1A77BFCACF8FAFC72F84A" blockId="10.[825,1475,692,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
20210726-CIB-BTP2, Baloo tunnel at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC1A77BFB1DF8FAFAC8F80D" box="[1252,1306,1900,1924]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Ciboure,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC1A77BFCC0F81AFCACF82A" box="[825,894,1932,1955]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFC68F81AFBF3F82A" box="[913,1057,1930,1956]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="59.0" value="43.41639">
|
||
43°24
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFC28F81CFC05F82A" box="[977,983,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
59.0″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC1A77BFBD6F81AFB6BF82A" box="[1071,1209,1930,1956]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="52.2" value="-1.6645">
|
||
1°39
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC1A77BFBA7F81CFBB6F82A" box="[1118,1124,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
52.2″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC1A77BFA51F81AFC4EF84A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2021-07-26">26 July 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B4B26603FFC0A77AFF88FB42FDB5FA81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14340973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340973/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[113,178,1236,1260]" targetBox="[117,1456,146,1201]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFF88FB42FDB5FA81" blockId="11.[113,1456,1236,1288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFF88FB42FF1BFB65" bold="true" box="[113,201,1236,1260]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC0A77AFF37FB43FED4FB65" box="[206,262,1237,1260]" class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFF37FB43FED4FB65" box="[206,262,1237,1260]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pictures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC0A77AFE8AFB43FDD1FB65" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[371,515,1236,1260]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFE8AFB43FDD1FB65" box="[371,515,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spongia lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, A, Baloo tunnel, Ciboure, France. B, C, Mouro Island, Santander, Spain. D, Marseille, France.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFF74FAAEFF0AFA06" blockId="11.[113,763,1336,1987]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
20210726-CIB-BTP3, Baloo tunnel at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC0A77AFDE5FAAEFD80FAD9" box="[540,594,1336,1360]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Ciboure,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC0A77AFF88FACEFF64FAE6" box="[113,182,1368,1391]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFF30FACEFE8BFAE6" box="[201,345,1366,1392]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="59.0" value="43.41639">
|
||
43°24
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFEF0FAC0FEDDFAE6" box="[265,271,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
59.0″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFE9EFACEFE23FAE6" box="[359,497,1366,1392]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="52.2" value="-1.6645">
|
||
1°39
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFE6FFAC0FE4EFAE6" box="[406,412,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
52.2″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC0A77AFD19FAC1FF06FA06" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2021-07-26">26 July 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFF74FA00FF0AFA64" blockId="11.[113,763,1336,1987]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
20210726-CIB-BTP4, Baloo tunnel at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC0A77AFDE5FA00FD80FA27" box="[540,594,1430,1454]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Ciboure,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC0A77AFF88FA20FF64FA44" box="[113,182,1462,1485]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFF30FA20FE8BFA44" box="[201,345,1460,1486]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="59.0" value="43.41639">
|
||
43°24
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFEF0FA22FEDDFA44" box="[265,271,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
59.0″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFE9EFA20FE23FA44" box="[359,497,1460,1486]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="52.2" value="-1.6645">
|
||
1°39
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFE6FFA22FE4EFA44" box="[406,412,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
52.2″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC0A77AFD19FA23FF06FA64" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2021-07-26">26 July 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFF74FA62FF0AF9C2" blockId="11.[113,763,1336,1987]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
20210726-CIB-BTP7, Baloo tunnel at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC0A77AFDE5FA62FD80F985" box="[540,594,1524,1548]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Ciboure,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC0A77AFF88F982FF64F9A2" box="[113,182,1556,1579]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFF30F982FE8BF9A2" box="[201,345,1554,1580]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="59.0" value="43.41639">
|
||
43°24
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFEF0F984FEDDF9A2" box="[265,271,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
59.0″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFE9EF982FE23F9A2" box="[359,497,1554,1580]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="52.2" value="-1.6645">
|
||
1°39
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFE6FF984FE4EF9A2" box="[406,412,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
52.2″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC0A77AFD19F985FF06F9C2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2021-07-26">26 July 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFF74F9C4FF0AF920" blockId="11.[113,763,1336,1987]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
20210726-CIB-BTP10, Baloo tunnel at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC0A77AFDDBF9C4FD84F9E3" box="[546,598,1618,1642]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Ciboure,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC0A77AFF88F9E4FF64F900" box="[113,182,1650,1673]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFF30F9E4FE8BF900" box="[201,345,1648,1674]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="59.0" value="43.41639">
|
||
43°24
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFEF0F9E6FEDDF900" box="[265,271,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
59.0″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFE9EF9E4FE23F900" box="[359,497,1648,1674]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="52.2" value="-1.6645">
|
||
1°39
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFE6FF9E6FE4EF900" box="[406,412,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
52.2″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC0A77AFD19F9E7FF06F920" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2021-07-26">26 July 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFF74F926FD29F88E" blockId="11.[113,763,1336,1987]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
20210729-ESP-MTP5, western part of Mouro island, semi-dark to dark cave, between 3 and
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC0A77AFE32F946FDD2F96E" box="[459,512,1744,1768]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Santander,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC0A77AFD38F959FD28F96E" box="[705,762,1743,1767]" name="Spain" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFF80F979FEDAF88F" box="[121,264,1773,1799]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="22.0" value="43.47278">
|
||
43°28
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFF40F97BFF6DF88F" box="[185,191,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
22.0″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFEE8F979FE49F88F" box="[273,411,1773,1799]" degrees="3" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="21.7" value="-3.7560277">
|
||
3°45
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFEB9F97BFE94F88F" box="[320,326,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
21.7″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC0A77AFD8DF979FD24F88E" box="[628,758,1775,1799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2021-07-29">29 July 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFF74F898FE13F80D" blockId="11.[113,763,1336,1987]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
20210730-ESP-M2TP2, eastern part of Mouro island, shallow water cliffs and chaos of rocks and crevices, between 3 and
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC0A77AFF65F8DBFF1DF8ED" box="[156,207,1869,1893]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Santander,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC0A77AFE70F8DBFE10F8EC" box="[393,450,1869,1893]" name="Spain" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFE37F8DBFD8CF8ED" box="[462,606,1867,1893]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="21.1" value="43.472527">
|
||
43°28
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFDF7F8DDFDC6F8ED" box="[526,532,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
21.1″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFD9FF8DBFD3DF8ED" box="[614,751,1867,1893]" degrees="3" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="18.3" value="-3.7550833">
|
||
3°45
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFD6CF8DDFD49F8ED" box="[661,667,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
18.3″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC0A77AFEC2F8FAFE6FF80D" box="[315,445,1900,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2021-07-30">30 July 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFF74F81AFBA8FAF9" blockId="11.[113,763,1336,1987]" lastBlockId="11.[810,1460,1335,1517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
20210730-ESP-M2TP3, eastern part of Mouro island, shallow water cliffs and chaos of rocks and crevices, between 3 and
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC0A77AFCACFAAFFC5AFAD9" box="[853,904,1337,1361]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Santander,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC0A77AFBBBFAAFFBA9FAD8" box="[1090,1147,1337,1361]" name="Spain" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFB7EFAAFFAC4FAD9" box="[1159,1302,1335,1361]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="21.1" value="43.472527">
|
||
43°28
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFB3EFAA1FB1FFAD9" box="[1223,1229,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
21.1″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFAE7FAAEFA7AFAD9" box="[1310,1448,1335,1360]" degrees="3" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="18.3" value="-3.7550833">
|
||
3°45
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFAB4FAA1FA81FAD9" box="[1357,1363,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
18.3″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC0A77AFC0DFACEFBA7FAF9" box="[1012,1141,1368,1392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2021-07-30">30 July 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFCBCFAE1FBA8FA64" blockId="11.[810,1460,1335,1517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
20210730-ESP-M2TP12, eastern part of Mouro island, shallow water cliffs and chaos of rocks and crevices, between 3 and
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC0A77AFCACFA20FC5AFA44" box="[853,904,1462,1486]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Santander,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC0A77AFBBBFA20FBA9FA47" box="[1090,1147,1462,1486]" name="Spain" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFB7EFA20FAC4FA44" box="[1159,1302,1460,1486]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="21.1" value="43.472527">
|
||
43°28
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFB3EFA22FB1FFA44" box="[1223,1229,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
21.1″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFAE7FA20FA7AFA44" box="[1310,1448,1460,1486]" degrees="3" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="18.3" value="-3.7550833">
|
||
3°45
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFAB4FA22FA81FA44" box="[1357,1363,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
18.3″W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC0A77AFC0DFA43FBA7FA64" box="[1012,1141,1493,1517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2021-07-30">30 July 2021</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFC2EF99BFAD4F9AE" blockId="11.[983,1286,1549,1575]" box="[983,1286,1549,1575]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFC2EF99BFAD4F9AE" box="[983,1286,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Comparative material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFC44F9DAFAF2F9EC" blockId="11.[810,1460,1611,1737]" box="[957,1312,1611,1638]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC0A77AFC44F9DAFAF2F9EC" authority="(Schmidt, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[957,1312,1611,1638]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgultosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFC44F9DAFAF2F9EC" box="[957,1312,1611,1638]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spongia virgultosa (Schmidt, 1868)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFCD3F9E4FBDFF940" blockId="11.[810,1460,1611,1737]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
20070718-MRS-ECITP5, Jarre, cave in the semi-dark part at
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC0A77AFA60F9E4FCEDF920" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, Marseille,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC0A77AFC0FF904FBE9F920" box="[1014,1083,1682,1705]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFBB0F904FB17F920" box="[1097,1221,1680,1706]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="46" value="43.196114">
|
||
43°11
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFB71F906FB5CF920" box="[1160,1166,1680,1705]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
46″N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85F9504CFFC0A77AFB36F907FAE8F920" box="[1231,1338,1680,1705]" degrees="5" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="55" value="5.365278">
|
||
5°21
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFB07F906FAD6F920" box="[1278,1284,1680,1705]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
55″E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Collector: T. Pérez,
|
||
<date id="9473104BFFC0A77AFC7FF927FBDAF940" box="[902,1032,1713,1737]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2007-07-18">18 July 2007</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFCB9F97EFB13F8AB" blockId="11.[810,1436,1768,1862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC0A77AFCB9F97EFB13F8AB" authority="Voultsiadou-Koukoura, van Soest & Koukouras, 1991" authorityName="Voultsiadou-Koukoura, van Soest & Koukouras" authorityYear="1991" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Coscinoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sporadense">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFCB9F97EFB13F8AB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coscinoderma sporadense Voultsiadou-Koukoura, van Soest & Koukouras, 1991</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFCD3F8B8FB34F8CF" blockId="11.[810,1436,1768,1862]" box="[810,1254,1838,1862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Po.25932,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2209F869FFC0A77AFC6FF8B8FC3EF8CF" box="[918,1004,1838,1862]" country="Israel" name="Tel Aviv" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tel-Aviv</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC0A77AFC0DF8B8FBF9F8CF" box="[1012,1067,1838,1862]" name="Israel" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="845C4B7AFFC0A77AFBC2F8B8FB07F8CF" author="Idan" box="[1083,1237,1838,1862]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Idan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="84 - 106" refId="ref17579" refString="Idan T, Shefer S, Feldstein T et al. Shedding light on an East-Mediterranean mesophotic sponge ground community and the regional sponge fauna. Mediterranean Marine Science 2018; 19: 84 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 13853" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Idan
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFB97F8B9FB4FF8CF" box="[1134,1181,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8D76500FFC0A77DFBC1F8F0FDB8FC5F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77AFBC1F8F0FB76F8F6" blockId="11.[810,1459,1894,1988]" box="[1080,1188,1894,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC0A77AFBC1F8F0FB76F8F6" box="[1080,1188,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC0A77DFCD3F81AFEBDFDB6" blockId="11.[810,1459,1894,1988]" lastBlockId="12.[128,778,144,983]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
This sponge can be massive and irregular, with lobes or protuberances, fan- or vase-shaped when it becomes very big (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC0A77AFAC2F83DFA70F84D" box="[1339,1442,1963,1988]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1236,1260]" captionTargetBox="[117,1456,146,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-302@11.[114,1458,144,1208]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 4. In situ pictures of Spongia lamella in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, A, Baloo tunnel, Ciboure, France.B, C, Mouro Island, Santander, Spain.D, Marseille, France." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340973/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The largest studied specimens measured
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC7A77DFDD3FF06FDBEFF2E" box="[554,620,144,168]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
in their largest diameter, but this dimension can be>
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC7A77DFDFEFF39FDFEFF4E" box="[519,556,175,199]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
in the Mediterranean Sea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC7A77DFF4EFF59FED7FF6E" box="[183,261,207,231]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1236,1260]" captionTargetBox="[117,1456,146,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-302@11.[114,1458,144,1208]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 4. In situ pictures of Spongia lamella in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, A, Baloo tunnel, Ciboure, France.B, C, Mouro Island, Santander, Spain.D, Marseille, France." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340973/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). No true vase- or fan-shaped specimen was observed among our Atlantic specimens. This sponge presents a light to dark grey external colour, and the internal tissue is usually light or tawny yellow. The colour does not change upon fixation in 95% ethanol. The sponge consistency is flexible and hardly tearable. The surface is finely covered with small, evenly distributed conules. Oscules can be grouped in large individuals, or more randomly distributed in smaller ones, always on the outer sides in large individuals or on the top of each lobe or protuberance in smaller ones. They measure
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC7A77DFDABFE7FFD79FD89" box="[594,683,489,513]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and are slightly raised, with a small whitish membrane delimiting the opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC7A77DFF65FDD1FDB8FC5F" blockId="12.[128,778,144,983]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The ectosomal skeleton harbours an epidermal skin, 150– 600 µm thick, easily detachable, with a star-like appearance. It is made of a network of abundant foreign spicules and debris (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC7A77DFF72FD32FF25FD35" box="[139,247,676,700]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[158,1413,146,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[155,1417,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Sections of the spongin skeleton of Spongia lamella. A, general view of the surface and the ectosome, showing the crust made of foreign spicules and debris at the surface, and the simple primary fibres.B, primary fibres including foreign spicules and debris, and secondary fibres forming an irregular and dense network. C, tangential section of the surface crust.D, foreign spicules and debris around canals. E, details of the secondary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340977/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small canals can be observed under the surface. In the choanosome, debris and foreign spicules are still abundant at the periphery of canals, and thus throughout the sponge body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC7A77DFF3CFC94FEC3FC93" box="[197,273,770,794]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[158,1413,146,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[155,1417,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Sections of the spongin skeleton of Spongia lamella. A, general view of the surface and the ectosome, showing the crust made of foreign spicules and debris at the surface, and the simple primary fibres.B, primary fibres including foreign spicules and debris, and secondary fibres forming an irregular and dense network. C, tangential section of the surface crust.D, foreign spicules and debris around canals. E, details of the secondary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340977/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The primary fibres, 30–120 µm in diameter, are common, simple, irregular, and cored with numerous inclusions of foreign spicules and debris (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC7A77DFE36FCD7FDE9FCD0" box="[463,571,833,857]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[158,1413,146,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[155,1417,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Sections of the spongin skeleton of Spongia lamella. A, general view of the surface and the ectosome, showing the crust made of foreign spicules and debris at the surface, and the simple primary fibres.B, primary fibres including foreign spicules and debris, and secondary fibres forming an irregular and dense network. C, tangential section of the surface crust.D, foreign spicules and debris around canals. E, details of the secondary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340977/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Near the surface, they can be ramified. Secondary fibres, 20–40 µm in diameter, without inclusions or pith, form a dense ramified and irregular network (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC7A77DFF1CFC09FE96FC3E" box="[229,324,927,951]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[158,1413,146,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[155,1417,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Sections of the spongin skeleton of Spongia lamella. A, general view of the surface and the ectosome, showing the crust made of foreign spicules and debris at the surface, and the simple primary fibres.B, primary fibres including foreign spicules and debris, and secondary fibres forming an irregular and dense network. C, tangential section of the surface crust.D, foreign spicules and debris around canals. E, details of the secondary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340977/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tertiary fibres are present or absent. When they exist, their thickness is ≤10 µm in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8D76500FFC7A77DFE72FC60FEA8FBFA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC7A77DFE72FC60FE2CFB99" blockId="12.[129,778,1014,1139]" box="[395,510,1014,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFE72FC60FE2CFB99" box="[395,510,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC7A77DFF78FB8BFEA8FBFA" blockId="12.[129,778,1014,1139]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Mediterranean Sea and South European Atlantic Shelf (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="845C4B7AFFC7A77DFF78FBAAFE53FBDD" author="Noyer and Becerro" box="[129,385,1084,1108]" firstAuthor="Noyer" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="85 - 99" refId="ref18110" refString="Noyer C, Becerro MA. Relationship between genetic, chemical, and bacterial diversity in the Atlanto-Mediterranean bath sponge Spongia lamella. In: Maldonado M, Turon X, Becerro M et al. (eds.), Ancient Animals, New Challenges. Developments in Hodrobiologo, Vol. 219. Dordrecht: Springer, 2012, 85 - 99." type="book chapter" year="2012">Noyer and Becerro 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This study expands the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFF63FBCAFF2BFBFA" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[154,249,1115,1139]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFF63FBCAFF2BFBFA" box="[154,249,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
northwards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8D76500FFC7A77DFE59FB05FDF5F901" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC7A77DFE59FB05FE38FB24" blockId="12.[128,778,1171,1672]" box="[416,490,1171,1197]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFE59FB05FE38FB24" box="[416,490,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC7A77DFF78FB2CFDF5F901" blockId="12.[128,778,1171,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
In the Mediterranean Sea,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFE76FB2CFE3FFB58" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[399,493,1209,1233]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFE76FB2CFE3FFB58" box="[399,493,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well known to be distributed mainly along coralligenous cliffs or on deep mesophotic bottoms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="845C4B7AFFC7A77DFF13FB6EFEA3FA99" author="Vacelet" box="[234,369,1272,1296]" firstAuthor="Vacelet" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="39 - 101" refId="ref18958" refString="Vacelet J. Repartition generale des eponges et systematique des eponges cornees de la region de Marseille et de quelques stations Mediterraneennes. Recueil des travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume 1959; 16: 39 - 101." type="journal article" year="1959">Vacelet 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="845C4B7AFFC7A77DFE79FB6EFD7DFA99" author="Pronzato and Manconi" box="[384,687,1272,1296]" firstAuthor="Pronzato" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="146 - 66" refId="ref18376" refString="Pronzato R, Manconi R. Mediterranean commercial sponges: over 5000 years of natural history and cultural heritage. Marine Ecologo 2008; 29: 146 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.2008.00235. x" type="journal article" year="2008">Pronzato and Manconi 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the Northeast Atlantic,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFEA9FA8EFE60FAA6" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[336,434,1303,1327]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFEA9FA8EFE60FAA6" box="[336,434,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has mostly been found in semi-dark and dark cavities, sometimes in crevices found along shallow water cliffs or under rocks. All specimens reported here were found in habitats with very high wave energy, which might explain why no large or fan-shaped individuals were observed. This sponge has a patchy distribution, and it lives in syntopy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFF40FA42FEE9FA62" box="[185,315,1492,1515]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maitasuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFF40FA42FEE9FA62" box="[185,315,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. maitasuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In caves, this species is commonly associated with numerous other sponges, solitary scleractinians, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFF64F985FDBEF9A3" authority="Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897" authorityName="Lacaze-Duthiers" authorityYear="1897" box="[157,620,1554,1578]" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Leptopsammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pruvoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFF64F985FEA9F9A3" box="[157,379,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Leptopsammia pruvoti</emphasis>
|
||
Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFD95F984FDA4F9A0" box="[620,630,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">?</emphasis>
|
||
, or zoanthids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFF25F9A7FD56F9C0" authority="(Schmidt, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[220,644,1585,1609]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Parazoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="axinellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFF25F9A7FE17F9C0" box="[220,453,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parazoanthus axinellae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="845C4B7AFFC7A77DFE21F9A7FDAEF9C0" author="Schmidt" box="[472,636,1585,1609]" firstAuthor="Schmidt" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref18646" refString="Schmidt O. Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1862." type="book" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No sign of epibiosis or predation was observed. No reproductive element was recorded in the processed specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8D76500FFC7A77FFE9EF93EFB45F848" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC7A77DFE9EF93EFDF1F948" blockId="12.[129,777,1703,1985]" box="[359,547,1703,1729]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFE9EF93EFDF1F948" box="[359,547,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC7A77DFF78F958FAEAFD52" blockId="12.[129,777,1703,1985]" lastBlockId="12.[825,1475,144,920]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The
|
||
<specimenCount id="F6CBFD02FFC7A77DFF56F958FEE9F96F" box="[175,315,1742,1766]" count="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
examined from the Northeast Atlantic differ slightly in their growth form from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFE2DF978FDE3F88C" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[468,561,1773,1797]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFE2DF978FDE3F88C" box="[468,561,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Mediterranean Sea, but their skeletons are identical. Openings of the oscula are also twice as large in the Atlantic specimens. They all present in their ectosome a rather thick layer of foreign spicules and debris, which is an unusual structure among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFDF1F8FDFD84F80B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[520,598,1899,1922]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFDF1F8FDFD84F80B" box="[520,598,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Spongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that was not observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFF1FF81CFEB4F82B" box="[230,358,1930,1954]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maitasuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFF1FF81CFEB4F82B" box="[230,358,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. maitasuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, the overall network of fibres cannot be confounded with the specific honeycomb-shaped skeleton of the new species. A rather organized ectosomal skeleton made of foreign spicules and debris is known only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFCC0FF59FC16FF6E" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1883" box="[825,964,207,231]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Coscinoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFCC0FF59FC16FF6E" box="[825,964,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Coscinoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFC06FF59FB81FF6E" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1888" box="[1023,1107,207,231]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Leiosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC06FF59FB81FF6E" box="[1023,1107,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Leiosella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in these cases, this structure is much thicker and the organization of the choanosome skeleton very different (e.g. intertwined secondary fibres in the Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFC2EFEBBFB8CFECD" authorityName="Voultsiadou-Koukoura, van Soest & Koukouras" authorityYear="1991" box="[983,1118,300,324]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Coscinoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sporadense">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC2EFEBBFB8CFECD" box="[983,1118,300,324]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. sporadense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Atlantic and Mediterranean specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFC66FEDAFC2EFEED" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[927,1020,332,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC66FEDAFC2EFEED" box="[927,1020,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share the same common simple and irregular primary fibres, with inclusions of foreign spicules and debris, easily observable from the inner part of the sponge to the surface. They remain simple until the formation of conules, whereas in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFC68FE5CFBFCFE68" box="[913,1070,457,481]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC68FE5CFC0DFE68" box="[913,991,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Spongia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they become anastomosed at this level. The size of the primary fibres appears a little more variable in the Atlantic specimens (30–120 µm in diameter) than in the Mediterranean specimens (50–100 µm in diameter). Foreign spicules and debris seem to be more abundant in Atlantic specimens. In comparison, the primary fibres of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFAFBFDF0FAAAFDF7" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1282,1400,614,638]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgultosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFAFBFDF0FAAAFDF7" box="[1282,1400,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. virgultosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has an unusual encrusting papillate growth form for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFA97FD10FA6EFD14" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[1390,1468,646,669]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFA97FD10FA6EFD14" box="[1390,1468,646,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Spongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are also full of mineral debris, but they are rare and significantly thinner (40–50 µm in diameter) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFB2AFD52FAE3FD55" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1235,1329,708,732]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFB2AFD52FAE3FD55" box="[1235,1329,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC7A77DFCACFD75FA9BFC1E" blockId="12.[825,1475,144,920]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Therefore, the slight morphological differences recorded between Atlantic and Mediterranean specimens (growth form, abundance of debris, and variation in the size of primary fibres) do not seem to us to be sufficient to consider the Atlantic specimens as a different species and are thus interpreted as variations attributable to the different environmental contexts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC7A77DFC2FFC21FAF7FC58" blockId="12.[825,1475,951,1985]" box="[982,1317,951,977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC2FFC21FAF7FC58" bold="true" box="[982,1317,951,977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">DNA analysis of studied species</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC7A77DFCC0FC48FB51FB78" blockId="12.[825,1475,951,1985]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
GenBank accession numbers for all sequences generated or downloaded in this study are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="AD4F0330FFC7A77DFB09FC6BFAEEFB9C" box="[1264,1340,1021,1045]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Species names, voucher codes and GenBank accession numbers of Spongiidae used in this study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B4B26603FFC8A772FF88FF19FB82FF2E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="B4B26603FFC8A772FF88FF19FB82FF2E">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. For the 28S (C2–D2 fragment) and
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFBCBFB8BFBB1FBBC" box="[1074,1123,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CO1</emphasis>
|
||
(dgLCO1490–dgHCO2198 fragment) molecular markers, we obtained, respectively, 18 and 3 sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFC31FBCAFB9AFBFA" box="[968,1096,1116,1139]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maitasuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC31FBCAFB9AFBFA" box="[968,1096,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. maitasuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 21 and 14 sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFAA3FBCAFA6EFBFA" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1370,1468,1115,1139]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFAA3FBCAFA6EFBFA" box="[1370,1468,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 14 and 5 sequences for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFBC4FBEDFB61FB1A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[1085,1203,1147,1171]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFBC4FBEDFB61FB1A" box="[1085,1203,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 8 and 2 sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFA49FBEDFC72FB3B" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFA49FBEDFC72FB3B" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. mollissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 4 and 3 sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFB7CFB0DFAD4FB3B" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[1157,1286,1179,1202]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Hippospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFB7CFB0DFAD4FB3B" box="[1157,1286,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1 and 1 sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFCACFB2CFC1CFB58" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[853,974,1209,1233]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgultosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFCACFB2CFC1CFB58" box="[853,974,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. virgultosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and only 1 sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFB2DFB2CFAEEFB58" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1236,1340,1210,1233]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zimocca">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFB2DFB2CFAEEFB58" box="[1236,1340,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. zimocca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(28S) and 1 sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFC4EFB4FFBEEFB78" authorityName="Voultsiadou-Koukoura, van Soest & Koukouras" authorityYear="1991" box="[951,1084,1241,1265]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Coscinoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sporadense">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC4EFB4FFBEEFB78" box="[951,1084,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. sporadense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(28S).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC7A77FFCACFB6EFE48FE68" blockId="12.[825,1475,951,1985]" lastBlockId="14.[128,778,144,1014]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Molecular markers allowed us to build highly congruent trees, although the phylogenetic reconstruction with 28S gave a better resolution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC7A77DFC48FAA1FC3BFAC7" box="[945,1001,1334,1359]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[173,1400,146,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[171,1402,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 6. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Spongiidae using sequences of the C2–D2 region of 28S, and both the maximum-likelihood (ML) and neigbour-joining (NJ) methods. Bootstrap values are given for both analyses (1000 replicates). The NJ values are in parentheses. Each voucher code is associated with a species name. The ML bootstrap values are given only if>500." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340979/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) than
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFBD5FAA1FB8FFAC6" box="[1068,1117,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CO1</emphasis>
|
||
(Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC7A77DFA95FAA1FA63FAC6" box="[1388,1457,1335,1359]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[129,194,1954,1978]" captionTargetBox="[131,1471,1210,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-610@2.[129,1473,1208,1926]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Study area.Black stars indicate the sampling locations of Spongiidae from this work." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340959/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both methods (NJ and ML) of phylogenetic reconstruction using 28S produced the same topology: 70
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFAF2FAE3FAAFFA04" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1291,1405,1397,1421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Spongiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens divided in two, with only one sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFAC2FA03FA10FA25" authorityName="Voultsiadou-Koukoura, van Soest & Koukouras" authorityYear="1991" box="[1339,1474,1428,1452]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Coscinoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sporadense">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFAC2FA03FA10FA25" box="[1339,1474,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. sporadense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on one side and
|
||
<specimenCount id="F6CBFD02FFC7A77DFC1EFA22FBA1FA45" box="[999,1139,1460,1484]" count="69" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">69 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFB6FFA22FB36FA42" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[1174,1252,1460,1483]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFB6FFA22FB36FA42" box="[1174,1252,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Spongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFAE1FA23FA4DFA45" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1879" box="[1304,1439,1461,1484]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Hippospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFAE1FA23FA4DFA45" box="[1304,1439,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hippospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the other side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC7A77DFC2CFA45FBDFFA62" box="[981,1037,1491,1515]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[173,1400,146,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[171,1402,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 6. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Spongiidae using sequences of the C2–D2 region of 28S, and both the maximum-likelihood (ML) and neigbour-joining (NJ) methods. Bootstrap values are given for both analyses (1000 replicates). The NJ values are in parentheses. Each voucher code is associated with a species name. The ML bootstrap values are given only if>500." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340979/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). This set of specimens can be divided into three different groups. The first group is well supported by both methods of phylogenetic constructions (NJ and ML). It is composed by the proposed new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFB46F9A4FA93F9C0" box="[1215,1345,1586,1609]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maitasuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFB46F9A4FA93F9C0" box="[1215,1345,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. maitasuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, individuals from the two sampled localities presenting the same sequence of 28S, and by a well-supported group made of one sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFCADF919FC6EF92E" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[852,956,1679,1703]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zimocca">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFCADF919FC6EF92E" box="[852,956,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. zimocca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two downloaded sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFAFDF919FA87F92E" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1284,1365,1679,1703]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFAFDF919FA87F92E" box="[1284,1365,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and three sequences obtained in the present study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFB01F939FA5BF94F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[1272,1417,1710,1734]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFB01F939FAD8F94F" box="[1272,1290,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFAD7F938FA5BF94F" box="[1326,1417,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC7A77DFCC0F958FCABF96F" box="[825,889,1742,1766]" name="Spain" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceuta</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFC7EF958FB97F96C" box="[903,1093,1742,1765]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maitasuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC7EF958FB97F96C" box="[903,1093,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Spongia maitasuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus appears closely related to this group, with the p-distance being very low between the proposed new species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFC1BF89BFB9BF8AD" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[994,1097,1805,1828]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zimocca">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC1BF89BFB9BF8AD" box="[994,1097,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. zimocca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.05%, four substitutions),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFA94F89BFA6FF8AD" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1389,1469,1805,1828]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFA94F89BFA6FF8AD" box="[1389,1469,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFC9DF8BAFC21F8CD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[868,1011,1836,1860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC9DF8BAFCA5F8CA" box="[868,887,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC61F8BAFC21F8CD" box="[920,1011,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.79%, the substitutions). The second group is weakly supported, whatever the method of construction. It includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFC7BF8FDFC28F80B" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[898,1018,1898,1922]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgultosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFC7BF8FDFC28F80B" box="[898,1018,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. virgultosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a well-supported group of all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC7A77DFA98F8FDFA10F80B" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1377,1474,1898,1922]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC7A77DFA98F8FDFA10F80B" box="[1377,1474,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Mediterranean and Northeast Atlantic. With only one exception,thesequencedindividualsaregroupedbygeographical origin. The Mediterranean sequence (20200602-MRS-MTP8) mixed with the Atlantic presents a p-distance of 0.26% (one substitution) from the rest of the Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFD7DFF59FD37FF6E" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[644,741,207,231]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFD7DFF59FD37FF6E" box="[644,741,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In comparison,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFEFDFF78FEA8FE8F" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[260,378,238,262]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgultosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFEFDFF78FEA8FE8F" box="[260,378,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. virgultosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a p-distance of 13.4% (51 substitutions) from all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFEB5FE98FE7FFEAC" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[332,429,269,293]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFEB5FE98FE7FFEAC" box="[332,429,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The third group is composed by a weakly supported set of sponges, including all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFD7BFEBBFCD6FECC" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[642,772,301,325]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFD7BFEBBFCD6FECC" box="[642,772,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. mollissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFF78FEDAFF25FEED" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[129,247,332,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFF78FEDAFF25FEED" box="[129,247,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFECCFEDBFE6BFEED" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[309,441,333,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Hippospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFECCFEDBFE6BFEED" box="[309,441,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genetic distances between these three species are low, with a minimal p-distance of 0.26% between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFF24FE1DFE8EFE2A" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[221,348,395,419]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFF24FE1DFE8EFE2A" box="[221,348,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. mollissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFE74FE1DFDDCFE2B" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[397,526,395,418]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Hippospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFE74FE1DFDDCFE2B" box="[397,526,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC5A77FFDB5FE1DFD48FE2A" box="[588,666,395,419]" name="Tunisia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and 0.79– 1.57% (three to six substitutions) between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFDACFE3CFD0AFE4B" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[597,728,426,450]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFDACFE3CFD0AFE4B" box="[597,728,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. mollissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFF78FE5CFF21FE68" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[129,243,457,481]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFF78FE5CFF21FE68" box="[129,243,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFEEAFE5CFE46FE68" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[275,404,458,481]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Hippospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFEEAFE5CFE46FE68" box="[275,404,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B4B26603FFC6A77CFF88F8BAFE9FF811" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14340977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340977/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[158,1413,146,1802]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC6A77CFF88F8BAFE9FF811" blockId="13.[113,1450,1836,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC6A77CFF88F8BAFF1BF8CD" bold="true" box="[113,201,1836,1860]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Sections of the spongin skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC6A77CFDE2F8BAFD78F8CD" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[539,682,1836,1860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC6A77CFDE2F8BAFD78F8CD" box="[539,682,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spongia lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, general view of the surface and the ectosome, showing the crust made of foreign spicules and debris at the surface, and the simple primary fibres. B, primary fibres including foreign spicules and debris, and secondary fibres forming an irregular and dense network. C, tangential section of the surface crust. D, foreign spicules and debris around canals. E, details of the secondary fibres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC5A77FFF65FE7FFED7FC7C" blockId="14.[128,778,144,1014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
A phylogenetic tree was made by concatenating all sequences available for both 28S and
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFE61FD9EFE1AFDA9" box="[408,456,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">CO1</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC5A77FFE23FD9EFDC6FD96" box="[474,532,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[130,1471,146,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-70@16.[129,1473,144,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Spongiidae concatenating the C2–D2 region of 28S and the Folmer fragment of CO1 using both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Posterior probabilities and bootstraps are given for both analyses (1000 replicates). The ML values (as percentages) are in parentheses. *Sequences obtained only in 28S in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340983/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the exception of two samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFEDBFDBEFE5BFDB6" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[290,393,552,575]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zimocca">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFEDBFDBEFE5BFDB6" box="[290,393,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. zimocca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFE45FDBEFDECFDB6" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[444,574,552,575]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Hippospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFE45FDBEFDECFDB6" box="[444,574,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for which only 28S could be amplified. The topology of the concatenated tree is congruent with the 28S tree. Both phylogenetic reconstruction methods used here (BI and ML) presented the same pattern.
|
||
<specimenCount id="F6CBFD02FFC5A77FFF78FD32FEE4FD35" box="[129,310,676,700]" count="30" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">Thirty specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
are grouped into two different groups representing the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFEE9FD52FE50FD55" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[272,386,708,732]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Spongiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
family. Group 1 is composed by
|
||
<specimenCount id="F6CBFD02FFC5A77FFD1AFD52FF30FD72" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFE88FD75FE2EFD72" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1883" box="[369,508,739,763]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Coscinoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFE88FD75FE2EFD72" box="[369,508,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Coscinoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas group 2 is composed by
|
||
<specimenCount id="F6CBFD02FFC5A77FFF1FFC95FEA1FC93" box="[230,371,770,795]" count="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">29 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFE6FFC95FE36FC93" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[406,484,771,794]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFE6FFC95FE36FC93" box="[406,484,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFDE3FC95FD73FC93" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1879" box="[538,673,771,794]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Hippospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFDE3FC95FD73FC93" box="[538,673,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hippospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The proposed new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFEB2FCB4FE18FCB3" box="[331,458,802,826]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maitasuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFEB2FCB4FE18FCB3" box="[331,458,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. maitasuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, forms a well-supported group in both phylogenetic analyses and still separate but relatively close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFF2FFCF7FEEFFCF1" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[214,317,865,888]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zimocca">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFF2FFCF7FEEFFCF1" box="[214,317,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. zimocca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFEB0FCF7FE48FCF1" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[329,410,865,888]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFEB0FCF7FE48FCF1" box="[329,410,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFE2BFCF7FDB1FCF1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[466,611,864,888]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFE2BFCF7FE37FCF1" box="[466,485,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFDF1FCF6FDB1FCF1" box="[520,611,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC5A77FFD5BFCF7FD30FCF0" box="[674,738,865,889]" name="Spain" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ceuta</collectingCountry>
|
||
. All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFF79FC16FF32FC11" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[128,224,896,920]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFF79FC16FF32FC11" box="[128,224,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form a well-supported group, which still appears separate by geographical origin. In this representation,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFD6CFC09FCDBFC3E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[661,777,927,951]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFD6CFC09FCDBFC3E" box="[661,777,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFF56FC29FEE1FC5F" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[175,307,959,982]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Hippospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFF56FC29FEE1FC5F" box="[175,307,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear mixed in a subgroup also containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFF79FC48FF2DFC7F" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[128,255,990,1014]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFF79FC48FF2DFC7F" box="[128,255,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. mollissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC5A77FFF27FB83FD7EFBA6" blockId="14.[129,778,1045,1985]" box="[222,684,1045,1072]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFF27FB83FD7EFBA6" bold="true" box="[222,684,1045,1072]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chemical fingerprints of the studied species</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC5A77FFF78FBAAFCD8FB78" blockId="14.[129,778,1045,1985]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
We evaluated whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFE7BFBAAFE26FBDD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[386,500,1084,1108]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Spongiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be organized and grouped based on their chemical fingerprints and whether this chemical-based classification was congruent with the molecular phylogeny. Using the first aligned feature list, containing 915 chemical signals, we performed hierarchical clustering analysis to group sponge extracts according to their chemical similarities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC5A77FFF65FB6EFED7F8CD" blockId="14.[129,778,1045,1985]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
The dendrogram (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC5A77FFEA7FB6EFE48FA99" box="[350,410,1272,1296]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[118,1452,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@17.[114,1458,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Metabolomic analysis of Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Spongiidae.Dendrogram from hierarchical clustering analysis using Euclidean distance calculations under the Ward algorithm. *Individuals for which no genetic data could be obtained." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340987/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows distinct groups of extracts all attributed to three distinct groups of species. The first group (group 1) includes all specimens of the proposed new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFF78FAC0FED2FAE7" box="[129,256,1366,1390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maitasuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFF78FAC0FED2FAE7" box="[129,256,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. maitasuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in a subgroup, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFE2FFAC0FDFBFAE7" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[470,553,1366,1390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFE2FFAC0FDFBFAE7" box="[470,553,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFDA4FAC0FD14FAE7" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[605,710,1366,1390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zimocca">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFDA4FAC0FD14FAE7" box="[605,710,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. zimocca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in another subgroup. No sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFE4EFAE0FD95FA04" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[439,583,1397,1421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFE4EFAE0FE1BFA04" box="[439,457,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFE15FAE3FD95FA04" box="[492,583,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC5A77FFD7DFAE3FD10FA04" box="[644,706,1397,1421]" name="Spain" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ceuta</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Strait of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98DA761BFFC5A77FFF64FA03FF2CFA24" box="[157,254,1429,1453]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
) was available for this analysis. The second group (group 2) includes all specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFDFEFA22FDB8FA45" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[519,618,1460,1484]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFDFEFA22FDB8FA45" box="[519,618,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, still separated into two subgroups according to their geographical origin. The Mediterranean exception (20200602-MRS-MTP8) that was grouping in the 28S phylogenetic with Atlantic specimens is grouped here with all other Mediterranean samples of the same species. The third main group (group 3) includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFD76F9C7FCD6F9E1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[655,772,1616,1640]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFD76F9C7FCD6F9E1" box="[655,772,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFF78F9E6FED8F901" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[129,266,1648,1672]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFF78F9E6FED8F901" box="[129,266,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. mollissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFEAEF9E7FE31F901" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[343,483,1649,1672]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Hippospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFEAEF9E7FE31F901" box="[343,483,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in the case of this metabolomic analysis, all species formed well-separated subgroups. Thus, although its typology cannot be compared with those of the phylogenetic trees, the groupings presented in the dendrogram resulting from the metabolomic analysis are well congruent with those permitted by the morphological and genetic analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC5A77FFF65F8DAFB29FE8F" blockId="14.[129,778,1045,1985]" lastBlockId="14.[825,1475,144,1985]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
The heatmap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC5A77FFEC9F8DDFEBAF8EA" box="[304,360,1867,1891]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[134,1471,147,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-289@18.[129,1473,144,1321]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 9. Metabolomic analysis of Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Spongiidae.Heatmap from hierarchical clustering analysis using Euclidean distance calculations under the Ward algorithm, grouping sponge extracts based on their chemical similarities. Chemical features or signals are depicted as horizontal lines, with their colour indicating the normalized level of detection intensity on a scale from −2 to +2, from dark blue to red. The heatmap shows that each species is characterized by a unique set of chemical features (dark red), collectively defining their chemical signature." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340989/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) complements these results by depicting the whole set of chemical features that participated in the sample classification. This representation illustrates clearly that extracts from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFF44F83CFEEDF848" box="[189,319,1962,1985]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maitasuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFF44F83CFEEDF848" box="[189,319,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. maitasuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contain a distinct set of chemical features compared with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFBDCFF06FB45FF21" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1061,1175,144,168]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Spongiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples. Next, we assessed the distribution of features within the three identified groups of species to evaluate the chemical diversity and number of unique chemical signals characterizing each species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC5A77FFCACFE98FB03FE68" blockId="14.[825,1475,144,1985]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
To that end, a second aligned feature list was generated from pooled extracts from each identified taxonomic unit and contained 240 features. Those features represent the most abundant and redundant chemical signals in each taxonomic unit. Venn diagrams were constructed to depict the number of chemical features shared between species as opposed to those that were detected in one or two species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78F62A0EFFC5A77FFB85FE5FFB13FE68" box="[1148,1217,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="19.[115,180,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[116,1453,146,1357]" captionTargetId="figure-314@19.[114,1458,144,1361]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 10. Venn diagrams representing the distribution of chemical features between species of the three main hierarchical groups of Spongiidae of the Mediterranean Sea and Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Black numbers indicate a unique set of features for each species. White numbers represent shared chemical signals between species. The number of features shared between all species of a given group are in white bold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14340993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14340993/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC5A77FFCACFE7FFB81FCB3" blockId="14.[825,1475,144,1985]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
The lowest number of features was detected for group 1, for which 45 chemical signals were shared between all three species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFCBDFDBEFC10FDB6" box="[836,962,552,575]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maitasuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFCBDFDBEFC10FDB6" box="[836,962,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. maitasuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFC34FDBEFBCFFDB6" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[973,1053,552,575]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFC34FDBEFBCFFDB6" box="[973,1053,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFBAAFDBEFB6BFDB6" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1107,1209,552,575]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zimocca">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFBAAFDBEFB6BFDB6" box="[1107,1209,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. zimocca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). A total of 16 unique signals were detected for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFBDEFDD1FB75FDD7" box="[1063,1191,583,606]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maitasuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFBDEFDD1FB75FDD7" box="[1063,1191,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. maitasuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, illustrating a much higher chemical diversity and uniqueness in extracts than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFA96FDF0FA10FDF7" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1391,1474,614,638]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFA96FDF0FA10FDF7" box="[1391,1474,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFC69FD10FC25FD14" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[912,1015,646,669]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zimocca">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFC69FD10FC25FD14" box="[912,1015,646,669]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. zimocca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1). At this stage, none of these features has been identified formally, because the purpose of this analysis was not to assign the associated molecular structure to each feature. However, it is certain that none of the well-known and referenced compounds from groups 2 and 3 (as shown later) were detected among the signals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC5A77FFCACFCD7FB5EFBDD" blockId="14.[825,1475,144,1985]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
The highest number of features was associated with group 2, represented by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFC28FCF7FBFFFCF1" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[977,1069,864,888]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFC28FCF7FBFFFCF1" box="[977,1069,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from different locations (Mediterranean and Atlantic). There were between 80% and 85% similarities of detected signals (
|
||
<quantity id="27359B6EFFC5A77FFC09FC09FBEAFC3E" box="[1008,1080,927,951]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8194" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="111.0">111 in</quantity>
|
||
total) in all extracts. Among the detected chemical features, nitenin is one of the most abundant and well-known furanoterpenoids from this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="845C4B7AFFC5A77FFA91FC48FC58FB9C" author="Noyer" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Noyer" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref18232" refString="Noyer C, Thomas OP, Becerro MA. Patterns of chemical diversity in the Mediterranean sponge Spongia lamella. PLoS One 2011; 6: e 20844. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0020844" type="journal volume" year="2011">
|
||
Noyer
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFA48FC48FC80FB9C" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Extracts from the Mediterranean specimens present a greater number of unique detected signals (13) than those from the Atlantic specimens (5 and 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC5A77FFCACFBCDFB7EF92E" blockId="14.[825,1475,144,1985]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Group 3, represented by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFB8BFBCDFB3CFBFA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[1138,1262,1115,1139]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFB8BFBCDFB3CFBFA" box="[1138,1262,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFAF9FBCDFA5BFBFA" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1280,1417,1115,1139]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFAF9FBCDFA5BFBFA" box="[1280,1417,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. mollissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFCC0FBEDFC10FB1B" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[825,962,1147,1170]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Hippospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFCC0FBEDFC10FB1B" box="[825,962,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also contains a relatively high number of detected features compared with the proposed new species. Extracts from these three species have 98 chemical signals in common. Some other well-known and characteristic furanoterpenoid compounds could be identified among these signals, such as furospongin-1, furospongin-4, and demethylfurospongin-4 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="845C4B7AFFC5A77FFBB1FAA0FAC6FAC7" author="Bauvais" box="[1096,1300,1334,1358]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bauvais" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref16168" refString="Bauvais C, Bonneau N, Blond A et al. Furanoterpene diversity and variability in the marine sponge Spongia officinalis, from untargeted LC - MS / MS metabolomic profiling to furanolactam derivatives. Metabolites 2017; 7: 27. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / metabo 7020027" type="journal volume" year="2017">
|
||
Bauvais
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFB5AFAA1FB05FAC7" box="[1187,1239,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Extracts from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFCC0FAC0FC6FFAE7" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[825,957,1366,1390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFCC0FAC0FC6FFAE7" box="[825,957,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. mollissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the highest number of unique detected signals (23), compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFBA0FAE3FB01FA04" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[1113,1235,1397,1421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFBA0FAE3FB01FA04" box="[1113,1235,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFAC3FAE0FA10FA04" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[1338,1474,1398,1421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Hippospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFAC3FAE0FA10FA04" box="[1338,1474,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. communis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(9). Among all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFC22FA02FB81FA25" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[987,1107,1428,1452]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Spongiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFBA5FA03FB6DFA25" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1116,1215,1428,1452]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lamella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B9EA99FFC5A77FFBA5FA03FB6DFA25" box="[1116,1215,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. lamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the species presenting the highest chemical diversity, with a total of 170 chemical signals (including its unique chemical signals and others shared with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD4D08FFC5A77FFC54FA64FBFBF983" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[941,1065,1522,1546]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Spongiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In comparison, extracts from the proposed new species contain 151 chemical features, and>10% of them are unique and thus have unknown molecular structures. After undergoing purification and determination of their chemical/molecular structure, they have the potential to become chemotaxonomic markers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E072368BFFC5A77FFCACF938FB45F848" blockId="14.[825,1475,144,1985]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Therefore, the hierarchical classification of species, based on their chemical fingerprints, is congruent with the phylogenetic trees previously presented. Each species can be differentiated by its chemical fingerprints associated with a unique set of chemical features that might serve as chemotaxonomic markers. These putative new phenotypic traits would need to be annotated or identified after isolation, purification, and structural analysis by means of additional spectroscopic (e.g. nuclear magnetic resonance) and spectrometric methods.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |