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<mods:title id="9899C36419AECB50A94CDEFE91C480D0">An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2FA2C39D5B33049D635B724136F7249E">Hartman, Julian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F63FCD21361E352FDE54D94D19C05DB2">Oranjepoldererf 36, 2807 NE Gouda, the Netherlands; e-mail: juulhartman @ gmail. com. &amp; Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8 A, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands, P. O. Box 80021 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands; e-mail: a. vandeweerd @ uu. nl, hdbruijn @ uu. nl, w. wessels @ uu. nl.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="827ADA9F93A48876935D1792E602603D">Van De Weerd, Andrew A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="59F800130CF5EFD0B0B7578D022AF83F">Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8 A, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands, P. O. Box 80021 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands; e-mail: a. vandeweerd @ uu. nl, hdbruijn @ uu. nl, w. wessels @ uu. nl.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="271AC27B40AB9505D431DEDE81C583FD">Bruijn, Hans De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="41B48ED4AADCEF80A3CEA9AC2D2A52E1">Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8 A, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands, P. O. Box 80021 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands; e-mail: a. vandeweerd @ uu. nl, hdbruijn @ uu. nl, w. wessels @ uu. nl.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="79BB51E80EE0A97FD55F44372D5F2FE2">Wessels, Wilma</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFC34FADA7A30FAEF" bold="true" box="[979,1345,1307,1332]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFC34FADA7BDAFAE8" bold="true" box="[979,1195,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C3B617EFC34FADA7B5CFAEF" authorityName="WOOD" authorityYear="1937" box="[979,1069,1308,1332]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sayimys</taxonomicName>
chinjiensis
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C3B617EFB55FADA7B8FFAE9" author="Baskin, J." box="[1202,1278,1308,1332]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref15763" refString="Baskin, J. (1996): Systematic revision of Ctenodactylidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Miocene of Pakistan. - Palaeovertebrata, 25: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1996">BASKIN</bibRefCitation>
, 1996
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BF009018C3B617EFC96FA8D7AE6FAB8" blockId="15.[881,1431,1355,1379]" box="[881,1431,1355,1379]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">H o l o t y p e. Left mandible fragment with p4m1.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF009018C3B617EFC96FABD7AEBFA49" blockId="15.[881,1434,1402,1427]" box="[881,1434,1402,1427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">P a r a t y p e s. Two P4, one M12, one p4, one m3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C3B617EFC96FA6C7ABBFA1A" blockId="15.[843,1482,1449,1506]" box="[881,1482,1449,1474]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">Ty p e l o c a l i t y. Site Y634, upper Chinji Formation,</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C3B617EFCACFA0C7A12FA3A" blockId="15.[843,1482,1449,1506]" box="[843,1379,1481,1506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
Potwar Plateau,
<collectingCountry id="F35849918C3B617EFC1EFA0F7B26FA3A" box="[1017,1111,1481,1505]" name="Pakistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
; age of the site: 11.9 Ma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C3B617EFC96FA3E7A0CF9AB" blockId="15.[843,1482,1528,1648]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
O t h e r s i t e s. Eight sites in the upper Chinji and Nagri Formations (age range 12.19.1 Ma; see
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C3B617EFA67F9DE7CF5F98B" author="Baskin, J." pageId="15" pageNumber="374" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref15763" refString="Baskin, J. (1996): Systematic revision of Ctenodactylidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Miocene of Pakistan. - Palaeovertebrata, 25: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1996">Baskin 1996</bibRefCitation>
), Daud Khel, upper Chinji Formation, age according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C3B617EFCACF99E7B6BF9AB" author="Jacobs, L. L. &amp; Flynn, L. J. &amp; Downs, W. R." box="[843,1050,1624,1648]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374" pagination="157 - 177" refId="ref16164" refString="Jacobs, L. L., Flynn, L. J., Downs, W. R. (1989): Neogene rodents of southern Asia. - In: Black, C. C., Dawson, M. R. (eds), Papers on Fossil Rodents in Honour of Albert E. Wood. Science series, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 33: 157 - 177." type="journal article" year="1989">Jacobs et al. (1989)</bibRefCitation>
is 1110 Ma (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C3B617EFB3AF99E7A00F9AB" author="Munthe, J." box="[1245,1393,1624,1648]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref16962" refString="Munthe, J. (1980): Rodents of the Miocene Daud Khel local fauna, Mianwali district, Pakistan. Part 1. Sciuridae, Gliridae, Ctenodactylidae, and Rhizomyidae. - Contributions in Biology and Geology, Milwauke Public Museum, 34: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1980">Munthe 1980</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF009018C3B617EFF74F91B7A22F929" blockId="15.[147,1363,1757,1778]" box="[147,1363,1757,1778]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
Table 7. Measurements in mm of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C3B617EFE0FF91B7DF6F929" authority="Hartman &amp; Van De Weerd &amp; Bruijn &amp; Wessels, 2019" authorityName="Hartman &amp; Van De Weerd &amp; Bruijn &amp; Wessels" authorityYear="2019" box="[488,647,1757,1778]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFE0FF91B7DF6F929" bold="true" box="[488,647,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">Sayimys hintoni</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20868688C3B617EFD6AF91B7DB5F929" box="[653,708,1757,1778]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from H.-GSP81.06 (lower Manchar Formation, Sind, Pakistan).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFDA7F8E77DF0F8EF" bold="true" box="[576,641,1825,1844]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">Length</emphasis>
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<th id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFBDFF8E77A72F8EF" box="[1080,1283,1825,1844]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFB6DF8E77BB5F8EF" bold="true" box="[1162,1220,1825,1844]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">Width</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFE9DF8857EDFF88D" bold="true" box="[378,430,1859,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">range</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFDE3F8857D47F88D" bold="true" box="[516,566,1859,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">mean</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFD70F8857DC3F88D" bold="true" box="[663,690,1859,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">SD</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFCC2F8857C45F88D" bold="true" box="[805,820,1859,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">N</emphasis>
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<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFC25F8857C85F88D" box="[962,1012,1859,1878]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFC25F8857C85F88D" bold="true" box="[962,1012,1859,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">mean</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFBAFF8857B0DF88D" bold="true" box="[1096,1148,1859,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">range</emphasis>
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<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFB34F8857A72F88D" box="[1235,1283,1859,1878]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFB3AF8857B89F88D" bold="true" box="[1245,1272,1859,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFA8CF8857A0BF88D" box="[1387,1402,1859,1878]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFA8CF8857A0BF88D" bold="true" box="[1387,1402,1859,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">N</emphasis>
</td>
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<th id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFF7CF8A07FBEF8A2" box="[155,207,1894,1913]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFF7CF8A07FB3F8A2" bold="true" box="[155,194,1894,1913]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">DP4</emphasis>
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<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFE8DF8A07ECEF8A2" box="[362,447,1894,1913]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.631.70</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFDE3F8A07D47F8A2" box="[516,566,1894,1913]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.663</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFD6BF8A07DCCF8A2" box="[652,701,1894,1913]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">0.036</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFCC2F8A07C44F8A2" box="[805,821,1894,1913]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">3</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFC25F8A07C85F8A2" box="[962,1012,1894,1913]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.563</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFBDFF8A07BFFF8A2" box="[1080,1166,1894,1913]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.521.60</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFB34F8A07A72F8A2" box="[1235,1283,1894,1913]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">0.040</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFA8CF8A07A0BF8A2" box="[1387,1402,1894,1913]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357F0B438C3B9E8EFF7CF84F7A0BF847" box="[155,1402,1929,1948]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFF7CF84F7FBEF847" box="[155,207,1929,1948]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFF7CF84F7FBEF847" bold="true" box="[155,207,1929,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">M12</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFE8DF84F7ECEF847" box="[362,447,1929,1948]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.782.19</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFDE3F84F7D47F847" box="[516,566,1929,1948]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.993</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFD6BF84F7DCCF847" box="[652,701,1929,1948]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">0.186</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFCC2F84F7C44F847" box="[805,821,1929,1948]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">4</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFC25F84F7C85F847" box="[962,1012,1929,1948]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">2.270</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFBDFF84F7BFFF847" box="[1080,1166,1929,1948]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">2.102.45</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFB34F84F7A72F847" box="[1235,1283,1929,1948]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">0.171</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFA8CF84F7A0BF847" box="[1387,1402,1929,1948]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357F0B438C3B9E8EFF7CF86A7A0BF864" box="[155,1402,1964,1983]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFF7CF86A7FBEF864" box="[155,207,1964,1983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFF7CF86A7FC8F864" bold="true" box="[155,185,1964,1983]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">M3</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFE8DF86A7ECEF864" box="[362,447,1964,1983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.771.96</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFDE3F86A7D47F864" box="[516,566,1964,1983]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.843</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFD6BF86A7DCCF864" box="[652,701,1964,1983]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">0.102</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFCC2F86A7C44F864" box="[805,821,1964,1983]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">3</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFC25F86A7C85F864" box="[962,1012,1964,1983]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">2.087</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFBDFF86A7BFFF864" box="[1080,1166,1964,1983]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.942.25</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFB34F86A7A72F864" box="[1235,1283,1964,1983]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">0.156</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFA8CF86A7A0BF864" box="[1387,1402,1964,1983]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357F0B438C3B9E8EFF7CF8097A0BF839" box="[155,1402,1999,2018]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFF7CF8097FBEF839" box="[155,207,1999,2018]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFF7CF8097FC3F839" bold="true" box="[155,178,1999,2018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">p4</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFE8DF8097ECEF839" box="[362,447,1999,2018]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.311.32</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFDE3F8097D47F839" box="[516,566,1999,2018]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.315</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFD6BF8097DCCF839" box="[652,701,1999,2018]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="374"></td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFCC2F8097C44F839" box="[805,821,1999,2018]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">2</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFC25F8097C85F839" box="[962,1012,1999,2018]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.265</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFBDFF8097BFFF839" box="[1080,1166,1999,2018]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.221.31</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFB34F8097A72F839" box="[1235,1283,1999,2018]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="374"></td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFA8CF8097A0BF839" box="[1387,1402,1999,2018]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357F0B438C3B9E8EFF7CF8377A0BF7DF" box="[155,1402,2033,2052]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFF7CF8377FBEF7DF" box="[155,207,2033,2052]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFF7CF8377FBCF7DF" bold="true" box="[155,205,2033,2052]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">m12</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFE8DF8377ECEF7DF" box="[362,447,2033,2052]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">2.002.23</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFDE3F8377D47F7DF" box="[516,566,2033,2052]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">2.078</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFD6BF8377DCCF7DF" box="[652,701,2033,2052]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">0.104</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFCC2F8377C44F7DF" box="[805,821,2033,2052]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">4</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFC25F8377C85F7DF" box="[962,1012,2033,2052]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.770</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFBDFF8377BFFF7DF" box="[1080,1166,2033,2052]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.6420.2</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFB34F8377A72F7DF" box="[1235,1283,2033,2052]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">0.174</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFA8CF8377A0BF7DF" box="[1387,1402,2033,2052]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357F0B438C3B9E8EFF7CF7D27A0BF7FC" box="[155,1402,2068,2087]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFF7CF7D27FBEF7FC" box="[155,207,2068,2087]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C3B617EFF7CF7D27FC6F7FC" bold="true" box="[155,183,2068,2087]" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">m3</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFE8DF7D27ECEF7FC" box="[362,447,2068,2087]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.901.95</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFDE3F7D27D47F7FC" box="[516,566,2068,2087]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.925</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFD6BF7D27DCCF7FC" box="[652,701,2068,2087]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="374"></td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFCC2F7D27C44F7FC" box="[805,821,2068,2087]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">2</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFC25F7D27C85F7FC" box="[962,1012,2068,2087]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.675</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFBDFF7D27BFFF7FC" box="[1080,1166,2068,2087]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">1.641.71</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFB34F7D27A72F7FC" box="[1235,1283,2068,2087]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="374"></td>
<td id="76AE623F8C3B9E8EFA8CF7D27A0BF7FC" box="[1387,1402,2068,2087]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="374">2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3059898C246161FF9AF8537EBBF81C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5457551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5457551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5457551/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="375" startId="16.[125,206,1941,1962]" targetBox="[125,1440,161,1909]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BF009018C246161FF9AF8537EBBF81C" blockId="16.[125,1440,1941,1991]" pageId="16" pageNumber="375">
Text-fig. 14. Cheek teeth of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C246161FE78F8537D31F871" authority="Hartman &amp; Van De Weerd &amp; Bruijn &amp; Wessels, 2019" authorityName="Hartman &amp; Van De Weerd &amp; Bruijn &amp; Wessels" authorityYear="2019" box="[415,576,1941,1962]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C246161FE78F8537D31F871" bold="true" box="[415,576,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="375">Sayimys hintoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20868688C246161FDAFF8537DF1F871" box="[584,640,1941,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="375" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C246161FD51F8537DB2F871" bold="true" box="[694,707,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="375">S</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C246161FD15F8537C5FF871" bold="true" box="[754,814,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="375">minor</emphasis>
from H.-GSP81.14a,
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C246161FBE8F8537B6DF871" bold="true" box="[1039,1052,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="375">S</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C246161FBADF8537BDBF871" bold="true" box="[1098,1194,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="375">giganteus</emphasis>
from H.-GSP81.14 and
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C246161FF9AF8747FFBF81C" bold="true" box="[125,138,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="375">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C246161FF71F8747E70F81C" bold="true" box="[150,257,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="375">chinjiensis</emphasis>
from H.-GSP82.24.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3059898C256160FF74F99C7CD7F972" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5457553" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5457553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5457553/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="376" startId="17.[147,228,1626,1647]" targetBox="[150,1462,153,1598]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BF009018C256160FF74F99C7CD7F972" blockId="17.[147,1463,1626,1705]" pageId="17" pageNumber="376">
Text-fig. 15. Lightly worn molars of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C256160FDF3F99C7DC7F9B4" authority="Hartman &amp; Van De Weerd &amp; Bruijn &amp; Wessels, 2019" authorityName="Hartman &amp; Van De Weerd &amp; Bruijn &amp; Wessels" authorityYear="2019" box="[532,694,1626,1647]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C256160FDF3F99C7DC7F9B4" bold="true" box="[532,694,1626,1647]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="376">Sayimys hintoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20868688C256160FD59F99C7D86F9B4" box="[702,759,1626,1647]" pageId="17" pageNumber="376" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(f, g, h) and
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C256160FC62F99C7CE3F9B4" bold="true" box="[901,914,1626,1647]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="376">S</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C256160FC25F99C7C8FF9B4" bold="true" box="[962,1022,1626,1647]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="376">minor</emphasis>
(e and i) from locality H.-GSP81.14a and
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C256160FF74F9B17FD1F957" bold="true" box="[147,160,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="376">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C256160FF4AF9B17E69F957" bold="true" box="[173,280,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="376">chinjiensis</emphasis>
from H.-GSP82.24 (a, b, c, d). Upper molars: occlusal surfaces and labial sides, lower molars occlusal surfaces and lingual sides. Side views horizontally-mirrored, anterior indicated by arrows.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C256160FF41F9367E53F897" blockId="17.[129,768,1776,1935]" pageId="17" pageNumber="376">
H.-GSP107, Chinji Formation near Banda Daud Shah (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C256160FF6FF8D47E1DF8F1" author="Wessels, W. &amp; Bruijn, H. de &amp; Hussain, S. T. &amp; Leinders, J. J. M." box="[136,364,1810,1834]" pageId="17" pageNumber="376" pagination="337 - 364" refId="ref17539" refString="Wessels, W., Bruijn, H. de, Hussain, S. T., Leinders, J. J. M. (1982): Fossil rodents from the Chinji Formation, Banda Daud Shah, Kohat, Pakistan. - Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, B, 85 (3): 337 - 364." type="journal article" year="1982">Wessels et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
), age ~14 Ma (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C256160FDC1F8D47D8AF8F1" author="Jacobs, L. L. &amp; Flynn, L. J. &amp; Downs, W. R." box="[550,763,1810,1834]" pageId="17" pageNumber="376" pagination="157 - 177" refId="ref16164" refString="Jacobs, L. L., Flynn, L. J., Downs, W. R. (1989): Neogene rodents of southern Asia. - In: Black, C. C., Dawson, M. R. (eds), Papers on Fossil Rodents in Honour of Albert E. Wood. Science series, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 33: 157 - 177." type="journal article" year="1989">Jacobs et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C256160FF66F8F27E67F897" author="Wessels, W." box="[129,278,1844,1868]" pageId="17" pageNumber="376" pagination="1 - 207" refId="ref17462" refString="Wessels, W. (2009): Miocene rodent evolution and migration, Muroidea from Pakistan, Turkey and Northern Africa. - Geologica Ultraiectina, 307: 1 - 207." type="journal article" year="2009">Wessels 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C256160FF41F8937E5AF854" blockId="17.[129,768,1776,1935]" pageId="17" pageNumber="376">
H.-GSP82.24, lower Manchar Formation, age 13.5 Ma (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C256160FF6FF8B17E6EF854" author="Wessels, W." box="[136,287,1911,1935]" pageId="17" pageNumber="376" pagination="1 - 207" refId="ref17462" refString="Wessels, W. (2009): Miocene rodent evolution and migration, Muroidea from Pakistan, Turkey and Northern Africa. - Geologica Ultraiectina, 307: 1 - 207." type="journal article" year="2009">Wessels 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C256160FF41F86E7C71F7FF" blockId="17.[129,768,1960,2085]" pageId="17" pageNumber="376">O r i g i n a l d i a g n o s i s. “Moderately high crowned cheek teeth with relatively thick enamel base. The paraflexus is absent on the upper molars. A short metaflexus is present on the M1 and M2, it is usually absent on M3. On m3 the</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C256160FCACF9367A66F8F1" blockId="17.[843,1482,1776,1834]" pageId="17" pageNumber="376">
metastriid [= metaflexid in lingual view] extends relatively deeply on the internal face” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C256160FB98F8D47A7DF8F1" author="Baskin, J." box="[1151,1292,1810,1834]" pageId="17" pageNumber="376" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref15763" refString="Baskin, J. (1996): Systematic revision of Ctenodactylidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Miocene of Pakistan. - Palaeovertebrata, 25: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1996">Baskin 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C256162FC96F8857E8BFCA3" blockId="17.[843,1482,1859,2084]" lastBlockId="19.[129,768,768,889]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="17" pageNumber="376">E m e n d e d d i a g n o s i s. dp4 with rounded anteroconid and well-developed anterolophulid in medial position. In dp4 and molars, the mesolophid is absent, hypolophid is oblique, and the metalophulid-protoconid connection is narrow. A confluent, long diagonal lophid is formed by protoconid, ectolophid, hypolophid and entoconid in the dp4. Lophids of the lower molars are strongly diagonal. Upper molars have poorly developed paraflexus and metaflexus, disappearing early with wear; these flexids may be totally absent in molars of assemblages from the younger Nagri Formation.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3059898C266163FF9AFC5F7EB8FC32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5457555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5457555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5457555/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" startId="18.[125,206,921,942]" targetBox="[125,1440,151,902]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BF009018C266163FF9AFC5F7EB8FC32" blockId="18.[125,1440,921,1001]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
Text-fig. 16. Length-width scatter diagram of isolated molars of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C266163FCF7FC5F7CC1FC75" authority="Hartman &amp; Van De Weerd &amp; Bruijn &amp; Wessels, 2019" authorityName="Hartman &amp; Van De Weerd &amp; Bruijn &amp; Wessels" authorityYear="2019" box="[784,944,921,942]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C266163FCF7FC5F7CC1FC75" bold="true" box="[784,944,921,942]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Sayimys hintoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20868688C266163FC50FC5F7C9FFC75" box="[951,1006,921,942]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C266163FBC5FC5F7B5EFC75" bold="true" box="[1058,1071,921,942]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">S</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C266163FBBCFC5F7BE6FC75" bold="true" box="[1115,1175,921,942]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">minor</emphasis>
from sites H.-SGP 81.14a (lower Manchar Formation, Sind, Pakistan) with the size-cloud outlines of molars of the large sample of
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C266163FB3AFC717B9BFC17" bold="true" box="[1245,1258,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C266163FB1DFC717A14FC17" bold="true" box="[1274,1381,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">chinjiensis</emphasis>
from H.-GSP.24 shown in Text-fig. 17.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3059898C266163FF9AF8357D12F7FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5457557" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5457557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5457557/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" startId="18.[125,206,2035,2056]" targetBox="[125,1440,1086,2016]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BF009018C266163FF9AF8357D12F7FE" blockId="18.[125,1440,2035,2085]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
Text-fig. 17. Length-width scatter diagram and histograms of isolated molars of
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C266163FC57F8357B03F7D3" bold="true" box="[944,1138,2035,2056]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C266163FC57F8357B70F7D3" authorityName="WOOD" authorityYear="1937" box="[944,1025,2035,2056]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sayimys</taxonomicName>
chinjiensis
</emphasis>
from locality H.-SGP82.24 in the lower Manchar Formation (Sind, Pakistan).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3059898C276162FF74FF5E7E0FFF11" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" startId="19.[147,203,152,173]">
<paragraph id="8BF009018C276162FF74FF5E7E0FFF11" blockId="19.[147,1463,152,202]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
Table 8. Measurements in mm of
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FE0AFF5E7DC1FF76" bold="true" box="[493,688,152,173]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C276162FE0AFF5E7D4FFF76" authorityName="WOOD" authorityYear="1937" box="[493,574,152,173]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sayimys</taxonomicName>
chinjiensis
</emphasis>
from H.-GSP82.24 (lower Manchar Formation, Sind, Pakistan). The width is the maximum width.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C276162FDA5FF3F7A0CFD76" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<table id="F94FFBA18C279E8EFF7CFF3F7A0CFD76" box="[155,1405,249,685]" gridcols="9" gridrows="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<tr id="357F0B438C279E8EFF7CFF3F7A0CFED7" box="[155,1405,249,268]" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="76AE623F8C279E8EFE1CFF3F7DCCFED7" box="[507,701,249,268]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Length</th>
<th id="76AE623F8C279E8EFBA6FF3F7A74FED7" box="[1089,1285,249,268]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Posterior width</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357F0B438C279E8EFF7CFEDA7A0CFEF4" box="[155,1405,284,303]" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFE8DFEDA7EB1FEF4" box="[362,448,284,303]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">range</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFE1CFEDA7D4CFEF4" box="[507,573,284,303]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">average</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFD6AFEDA7DCCFEF4" box="[653,701,284,303]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">SD</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFCC5FEDA7C46FEF4" box="[802,823,284,303]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">N</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFC57FEDA7B77FEF4" box="[944,1030,284,303]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">range</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFBA6FEDA7BF2FEF4" box="[1089,1155,284,303]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">average</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFB37FEDA7A74FEF4" box="[1232,1285,284,303]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">SD</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFA8FFEDA7A0CFEF4" box="[1384,1405,284,303]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">N</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357F0B438C279E8EFF7CFEF97A0CFE06" box="[155,1405,319,477]" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76AE623F8C279E8EFF7CFEF97F95FE06" box="[155,228,319,477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">DP4 sup P4 sup M1 sup M2 sup M3 sup</th>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFE8DFEF97EB1FE06" box="[362,448,319,477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">1.652.05 1.021.38 1.701.95 2.012.38 1.982.45</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFE1CFEF97D4CFE06" box="[507,573,319,477]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">1.855 1.196 1.861 2.200 2.129</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFD6AFEF97DCCFE06" box="[653,701,319,477]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">0.089 0.142 0.062 0.113 0.139</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFCC5FEF97C46FE06" box="[802,823,319,477]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">26 5 21 16 10</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFC57FEF97B77FE06" box="[944,1030,319,477]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">1.452.02 1.531.96 1.712.19 2.152.67 2.122.65</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFBA6FEF97BF2FE06" box="[1089,1155,319,477]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">1.704 1.762 2.028 2.416 2.370</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFB37FEF97A74FE06" box="[1232,1285,319,477]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">0.108 0.174 0.122 0.163 0.196</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFA8FFEF97A0CFE06" box="[1384,1405,319,477]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">26 5 21 16 10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357F0B438C279E8EFF7CFDC97A0CFD76" box="[155,1405,527,685]" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76AE623F8C279E8EFF7CFDC97F95FD76" box="[155,228,527,685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">dp4 inf p4 inf m1 inf m2 inf m3 inf</th>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFE8DFDC97EB1FD76" box="[362,448,527,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">1.952.50 1.261.69 1.982.26 2.052.62 2.172.80</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFE1CFDC97D4CFD76" box="[507,573,527,685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">2.274 1.493 2.104 2.370 2.498</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFD6AFDC97DCCFD76" box="[653,701,527,685]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">0.132 0.130 0.077 0.133 0.164</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFCC5FDC97C46FD76" box="[802,823,527,685]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">24 12 21 18 18</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFC57FDC97B77FD76" box="[944,1030,527,685]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">1.061.56 1.241.75 1.501.91 1.992.41 2.022.50</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFBA6FDC97BF2FD76" box="[1089,1155,527,685]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">1.375 1.521 1.742 2.204 2.272</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFB37FDC97A74FD76" box="[1232,1285,527,685]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">0.124 0.126 0.1.01 0.112 0.130</td>
<td id="76AE623F8C279E8EFA8FFDC97A0CFD76" box="[1384,1405,527,685]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">24 12 21 16 17</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C276162FF41FC567E41FAB2" blockId="19.[129,768,912,2092]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
D i s c u s s i o n. Unfortunately, the illustrations in
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C276162FF66FC767E53FC13" author="Baskin, J." box="[129,290,944,968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref15763" refString="Baskin, J. (1996): Systematic revision of Ctenodactylidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Miocene of Pakistan. - Palaeovertebrata, 25: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1996">Baskin (1996)</bibRefCitation>
are inadequate. Moreover, not all tooth positions are known from the
<typeStatus id="54F4B7A38C276162FE36FC167E8EFC33" box="[465,511,976,1000]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">type</typeStatus>
locality. In addition to the
<typeStatus id="54F4B7A38C276162FF4EFC367FA6FBD3" box="[169,215,1008,1032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">type</typeStatus>
locality, Baskin allocated
<specimenCount id="9D49C2888C276162FE12FC367DF7FBD3" box="[501,646,1008,1032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" type="generic">75 specimens</specimenCount>
from eight localities to this species. The eight assemblages are thus small; the largest has 17 teeth, the smallest two. The eight sites are in the upper Chinji Formation and overlying Nagri Formation, and range in age from 12.1 to 9.1 Ma.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C276162FD52FBB67FB9FB72" author="Baskin, J." pageId="19" pageNumber="378" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref15763" refString="Baskin, J. (1996): Systematic revision of Ctenodactylidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Miocene of Pakistan. - Palaeovertebrata, 25: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1996">Baskin (1996)</bibRefCitation>
defined this species as having no paraflexus (and thus no anteroloph) in the upper molars, and in being more hypsodont than those of
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FE6FFB177D3FFB32" box="[392,590,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C276162FE6FFB177EAEFB33" authorityName="WOOD" authorityYear="1937" box="[392,479,1233,1256]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sayimys</taxonomicName>
sivalensis
</emphasis>
. It appears from the description that the paraflexus is absent in molars from the Nagri Formation. Baskin assigned the large collection from Daud Khel (described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C276162FE20FAF77D25FA92" author="Munthe, J." box="[455,596,1329,1353]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref16962" refString="Munthe, J. (1980): Rodents of the Miocene Daud Khel local fauna, Mianwali district, Pakistan. Part 1. Sciuridae, Gliridae, Ctenodactylidae, and Rhizomyidae. - Contributions in Biology and Geology, Milwauke Public Museum, 34: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1980">Munthe 1980</bibRefCitation>
as
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FD92FAF47DF3FA92" box="[629,642,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FD68FAF77D86FA92" box="[655,759,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">sivalensis</emphasis>
) to
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FF7BFA947FD8FAB2" box="[156,169,1362,1385]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FF50FA977E58FAB2" box="[183,297,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">chinjiensis</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C276162FF41FAB47BF9FCE3" blockId="19.[129,768,912,2092]" lastBlockId="19.[843,1482,768,1053]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
Using measurements obtained from Baskin, López- Antoñanzas and Sen (2003) plotted the height of M12 and m3, and observed that the highest M12 are those classified in
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FF46FA147E07FA31" box="[161,374,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C276162FF46FA147F89FA32" authorityName="WOOD" authorityYear="1937" box="[161,248,1490,1513]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sayimys</taxonomicName>
chinjiensis
</emphasis>
, but the overlap with
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FD9FFA147DF4FA32" box="[632,645,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FD7FFA147C71FA31" box="[664,768,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">sivalensis</emphasis>
is large; the m3 do not show a difference in height. The differences between the assemblages allocated to the two species are relatively small, and considering the large variability in
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C276162FEFEF9957EBAF9B1" box="[281,459,1618,1642]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FEFEF9957E01F9B1" box="[281,368,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Sayimys</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, small samples are difficult to allocate.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C276162FEEDF9B57DE3F950" author="Lopez-Antonanzas, R. &amp; Sen, S." box="[266,658,1651,1675]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" pagination="521 - 529" refId="ref16639" refString="Lopez-Antonanzas, R., Sen, S. (2003): Systematic revision of Mio-Pliocene Ctenodactylidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Indian subcontinent. - Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 96: 521 - 529." type="journal article" year="2003">López-Antoñanzas and Sen (2003)</bibRefCitation>
therefore synonymized
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FEFCF9557E9DF970" box="[283,492,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Sayinys chinjiensis</emphasis>
with
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FDD2F9557D33F971" box="[565,578,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FDB2F9557DCCF970" box="[597,701,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">sivalensis</emphasis>
. This decision is unfortunate, because
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FE35F9757EAEF911" box="[466,479,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FE0CF9757D2CF910" box="[491,605,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">chinjiensis</emphasis>
has a clear type locality and
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FEEEF9157E67F931" box="[265,278,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FEC2F9157EFCF930" box="[293,397,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">sivalensis</emphasis>
does not. Moreover, the
<typeStatus id="54F4B7A38C276162FD45F9157D8EF930" box="[674,767,1747,1771]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FF46F9327FDFF8D0" box="[161,174,1780,1803]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FF59F9357E57F8D0" box="[190,294,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">sivalensis</emphasis>
is not considered diagnostic. We therefore do not follow López-Antoñanzas and Sen, and maintain
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FD0CF8D27D89F8F0" box="[747,760,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FF66F8F57F82F890" box="[129,243,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">chinjiensis</emphasis>
and restrict the name
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FE39F8F27E9AF890" box="[478,491,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FE1EF8F57D10F890" box="[505,609,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">sivalensis</emphasis>
to its
<typeStatus id="54F4B7A38C276162FD45F8F57D8EF890" box="[674,767,1843,1867]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(see above). With the inclusion of the Daud Khel assemblage in
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FF7AF8B27E1FF857" box="[157,366,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C276162FF7AF8B27F85F850" authorityName="WOOD" authorityYear="1937" box="[157,244,1908,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sayimys</taxonomicName>
chinjiensis
</emphasis>
, this species is morphologically well defined. We also include the large assemblage from H.- GSP82.24 from the lower Manchar Formation (described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C276162FF66F8127E1BF837" author="Bruijn, H. de &amp; Boon, E. &amp; Hussain, S. T." box="[129,362,2004,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" pagination="191 - 214" refId="ref15933" refString="Bruijn, H. de, Boon, E., Hussain, S. T. (1989): Evolutionary trends in Sayimys (Ctenodactylidae, Rodentia) from the Lower Manchar Formation (Sind, Pakistan). - Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, B, 92 (3): 191 - 214." type="journal article" year="1989">de Bruijn et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
, illustrated here in
<figureCitation id="137415848C276162FDA5F8127DB6F837" box="[578,711,2004,2028]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="16.[125,206,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,161,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-4@16.[781,1441,503,1155]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Text-fig. 14. Cheek teeth of Sayimys hintoni n. sp. and S. cf. minor from H.-GSP81.14a, S. cf. giganteus from H.-GSP81.14 and S. chinjiensis from H.-GSP82.24." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5457551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5457551/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Text-figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137415848C276162FD32F8127D83F837" box="[725,754,2004,2028]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="17.[147,228,1626,1647]" captionTargetBox="[150,1462,153,1598]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Text-fig. 15. Lightly worn molars of Sayimys hintoni n. sp. (f, g, h) and S. cf. minor (e and i) from locality H.-GSP81.14a and S. chinjiensis from H.-GSP82.24 (a, b, c, d). Upper molars: occlusal surfaces and labial sides, lower molars occlusal surfaces and lingual sides. Side views horizontally-mirrored, anterior indicated by arrows." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5457553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5457553/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">15</figureCitation>
), and from site H.-GSP107 Banda Daud Shah (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C276162FD6EF8327FA8F7F7" author="Wessels, W. &amp; Bruijn, H. de &amp; Hussain, S. T. &amp; Leinders, J. J. M." pageId="19" pageNumber="378" pagination="337 - 364" refId="ref17539" refString="Wessels, W., Bruijn, H. de, Hussain, S. T., Leinders, J. J. M. (1982): Fossil rodents from the Chinji Formation, Banda Daud Shah, Kohat, Pakistan. - Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, B, 85 (3): 337 - 364." type="journal article" year="1982">Wessels et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
) in
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FEE2F7D37EA7F7F7" box="[261,470,2068,2092]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C276162FEE2F7D37E2DF7F7" authorityName="WOOD" authorityYear="1937" box="[261,348,2069,2092]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sayimys</taxonomicName>
chinjiensis
</emphasis>
.
<figureCitation id="137415848C276162FE03F7D27D13F7F7" box="[484,610,2068,2092]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="18.[125,206,2035,2056]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,1086,2016]" captionTargetId="figure-77@18.[500,877,1365,1645]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Text-fig. 17. Length-width scatter diagram and histograms of isolated molars of Sayimys chinjiensis from locality H.-SGP82.24 in the lower Manchar Formation (Sind, Pakistan)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5457557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5457557/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Text-fig. 17</figureCitation>
shows length- width scatter diagrams of
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FB84FCC77B01FCC3" box="[1123,1136,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FB99FCC67B81FCC3" box="[1150,1264,768,792]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">chinjiensis</emphasis>
from H.-GSP82.24, and
<tableCitation id="C6CD3CBA8C276162FC9FFCE77CC8FCE2" box="[888,953,801,825]" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="19.[147,203,152,173]" captionText="Table 8. Measurements in mm of Sayimys chinjiensis from H.-GSP82.24 (lower Manchar Formation, Sind, Pakistan). The width is the maximum width." pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Tab. 8</tableCitation>
the measurements.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF009018C276162FC96FC847B47FBC6" blockId="19.[843,1482,768,1053]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<materialsCitation id="3B27035C8C276162FC96FC847B43FBC6" collectionCode="GSP" location="lower Manchar Formation" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="GSP14" specimenCount="1">
Our designation H.-
<specimenCode id="DBE9A17A8C276162FBB0FC847BD7FC81" box="[1111,1190,834,858]" collectionCode="GSP" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a01k-jphh" name="Geological Survey of Portugal" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">GSP14</specimenCode>
a in the
<location id="8E905FDA8C276162FAFAFC877CCBFCA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6B8178C3B6162FC34FADA7B47FBC6:8E905FDA8C276162FAFAFC877CCBFCA1" name="lower Manchar Formation" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">lower Manchar Formation</location>
as the
<typeStatus id="54F4B7A38C276162FBC6FCA47B3EFCA1" box="[1057,1103,866,890]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F72828C276162FB02FCA47A27FCA1" authority="Hartman &amp; Van De Weerd &amp; Bruijn &amp; Wessels, 2019" authorityName="Hartman &amp; Van De Weerd &amp; Bruijn &amp; Wessels" authorityYear="2019" box="[1253,1366,866,890]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenodactylidae" genus="Sayimys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FB02FCA47B83FCA2" box="[1253,1266,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FAEDFCA47A27FCA1" box="[1290,1366,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">hintoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20868688C276162FA82FCA47AD9FCA2" box="[1381,1448,866,889]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is pragmatic. The material from this site is well described and figured (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE74F08C276162FC4DFC657BECFC60" author="Bruijn, H. de &amp; Boon, E. &amp; Hussain, S. T." box="[938,1181,931,955]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" pagination="191 - 214" refId="ref15933" refString="Bruijn, H. de, Boon, E., Hussain, S. T. (1989): Evolutionary trends in Sayimys (Ctenodactylidae, Rodentia) from the Lower Manchar Formation (Sind, Pakistan). - Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, B, 92 (3): 191 - 214." type="journal article" year="1989">de Bruijn et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
), and the morphotypes are sufficiently different from the younger
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FB0DFC027B86FC00" box="[1258,1271,964,987]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FAE3FC027A07FC07" box="[1284,1398,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">chinjiensis</emphasis>
and the older
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FC60FC237CE5FC27" box="[903,916,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FC46FC227C9FFC27" box="[929,1006,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">baskini</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B93BD5138C276162FC1DFC237B25FC27" box="[1018,1108,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">S. minor</emphasis>
to allow classification of all but the smallest assemblages
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>