treatments-xml/data/03/AC/51/03AC5100406DFFC71769FA79E464FC6F.xml

<document id="3D2924D034F816EB6DF5AC24A6366DB0" ID-CLB-Dataset="50801" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172348" ID-GBIF-Dataset="687128a1-e78c-4bb6-a1c4-bd1a8a6e3b8c" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172348" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459755181804" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Perrichot, Vincent, Nel, André, Guilbert, Éric &amp; Didier" docDate="2006" docId="03AC5100406DFFC71769FA79E464FC6F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01203p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1203" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ebboa areolata Perrichot, Nel, Guilbert &amp; Didier, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FF9529784068FFCE1661FFB0E658FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil Tingoidea (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha) from French Cretaceous amber, including Tingidae and a new family, Ebboidae" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1698217427221" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="85E57BB7B8DAE27EF8779D4FC2FC5E31">Fossil Tingoidea (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha) from French Cretaceous amber, including Tingidae and a new family, Ebboidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1F018FE12C6BDDA0473AB809ED56D108">Perrichot, Vincent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB96A7198DC9050757B79DA99CD37252">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="27081C9C1C391553C41A5B93CC324EAD">Guilbert, Éric</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="845CB66A5809BDB4DE3183AECDE14DFA">Didier</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03AC5100406DFFC71769FA79E464FC6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262068" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119338811" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262068" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC5100406DFFC71769FA79E464FC6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC5100406DFFC71769FA79E464FC6F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D406DFFCB1769FA79E724F9DF" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406DFFCB1769FA79E474FA3A" blockId="5.[264,556,1481,1542]" box="[264,556,1481,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D0F2577A406DFFCB1769FA79E474FA3A" bold="true" box="[264,556,1481,1507]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB1769FA79E474FA3A" bold="true" box="[264,556,1481,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406DFFCB1769FA79E798FA3A" box="[264,448,1481,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="areolata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB1769FA79E798FA3A" bold="true" box="[264,448,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Ebboa areolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A242817F406DFFCB17AEFA79E474FA3A" box="[463,556,1481,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406DFFCB1769FA5CE724F9DF" blockId="5.[264,556,1481,1542]" box="[264,380,1516,1542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
(
<figureCitation id="133EFC93406DFFCB1771FA5CE72BF9DF" box="[272,371,1516,1542]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="6.[264,368,1782,1806]" captionStartId-1="7.[264,368,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox-0="[484,1113,329,1770]" captionTargetBox-1="[415,1165,943,1552]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[484,1114,329,1770]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[395,1193,926,1558]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Ebboa areolata new genus and species, in mid­Cretaceous amber of France. A. Holotype MNHN Arc 236.4. B. Paratype MNHN Arc 312. C. Paratype MNHN Sis 1.1. Scale bars represent 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Ebboa areolata new genus and species, holotype MNHN Arc 236.4, general habitus." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/172350/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/172351/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Figs 2­3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D406DFFCB1769F98CE7F1F97F" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406DFFCB1769F98CE7F1F97F" blockId="5.[264,1324,1596,1902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB1769F98CE737F98C" box="[264,367,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Material</emphasis>
. 
<typeStatus id="54BE5EB4406DFFCB171FF98CE7B3F98F" box="[382,491,1596,1622]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1478D3406DFFCB1792F98CE415F98F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[499,589,1596,1622]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">MNHN</collectionCode>
Arc 236.4, 
<typeStatus id="54BE5EB4406DFFCB14B8F98CE511F98F" box="[729,841,1596,1622]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1478D3406DFFCB1530F98CE5F3F98F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[849,939,1596,1622]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">MNHN</collectionCode>
Arc 312 and 
<collectionCode id="ED1478D3406DFFCB122DF98CE2FEF98F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1100,1190,1596,1622]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">MNHN</collectionCode>
<collectingCountry id="F312A086406DFFCB12CFF98CE28AF98F" box="[1198,1234,1596,1622]" name="Switzerland" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Sis</collectingCountry>
1.1; all are housed in the Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 
<collectingCountry id="F312A086406DFFCB1730F93CE7FDF97F" box="[337,421,1676,1702]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">France</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D406DFFCB1759F904E585F8C7" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406DFFCB1759F904E7D2F92F" blockId="5.[264,1324,1596,1902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB1759F904E7EBF914" box="[312,435,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Etymology</emphasis>
. In reference to the entire areolate hemelytra and corium shown by the specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406DFFCB1759F8B4E585F8C7" blockId="5.[264,1324,1596,1902]" box="[312,989,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB1759F8B4E46CF8C4" box="[312,564,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Stratigraphic horizon</emphasis>
. Uppermost Albian to Cenomanian.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D406DFFC91759F89CE403F8AB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406DFFCB1759F89CE4C6F8B7" blockId="5.[264,1324,1596,1902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB1759F89CE7F3F89C" box="[312,427,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Localities</emphasis>
. Archingeay­Les Nouillers, Charente­Maritime, and Salignac, near Sisteron, Alpes­de­Haute­Provence, 
<collectingCountry id="F312A086406DFFCB1426F8E4E4C2F8B7" box="[583,666,1876,1902]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">France</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7AB09E406EFFC81769F946E727F883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172350/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[484,1113,329,1770]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406EFFC81769F946E727F883" blockId="6.[264,1325,1782,1882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406EFFC81769F946E7D3F8D7" bold="true" box="[264,395,1782,1806]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406EFFC817F3F947E461F8D7" box="[402,569,1783,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="areolata" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406EFFC817F3F947E461F8D7" box="[402,569,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ebboa areolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A242817F406EFFC8145EF947E4E9F8D7" box="[575,689,1783,1806]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
and species, in mid­Cretaceous amber of France. A. Holotype MNHN Arc 236.4. B. Paratype MNHN Arc 312. C. Paratype MNHN Sis 1.1. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406FFFC91759FEACE54EFE77" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406FFFC91759FEACE79AFEEC" box="[312,450,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Description</emphasis>
. Head narrow and elongate, with compound eyes reduced and in a rather median position; neck long; no visible ocelli; antennae four­segmented, first segment elongate but relatively short, second longer than first and third, fourth the longest; rostrum elongate, reaching level of base of abdomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406FFFC91759FE0CE765FDAF" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
Pronotum. Trapezoidal, with anterior margin narrower than posterior margin, covered with small areolae and with a median carina (better preserved in Arc 312 than in other specimens); scutellum large, covered with very small dark punctures; peritrema of metapleural scent gland opening straight (quite visible in 
<typeStatus id="54BE5EB4406FFFC91518FD84E5B8FD97" box="[889,992,564,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
Arc 236.4 and 
<typeStatus id="54BE5EB4406FFFC912F8FD84E2A6FD97" box="[1177,1278,564,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<collectingCountry id="F312A086406FFFC91366FD84E373FD97" box="[1287,1323,564,590]" name="Switzerland" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Sis</collectingCountry>
1.1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406FFFC91759FD34E795FCCF" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
Hemelytra. Macropterous, entirely areolate; membrane absent; clavus well defined; corium subdivided into large ‘cells’ by elevated veins; discoidal and subcostal areas subdivided into seven large cells and costal area subdivided into five slightly smaller cells. 
<collectingCountry id="F312A086406FFFC91291FD64E373FD37" box="[1264,1323,724,750]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing not visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406FFFC91759FC94E4CEFCBF" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Legs. Elongate, pulvilli absent; tarsi three­segmented, with first segment very short and the distal two of equal length.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7AB09E406FFFC91769F9ACE343F9ED" box="[264,1307,1564,1588]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172351/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[415,1165,943,1552]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406FFFC91769F9ACE343F9ED" blockId="7.[264,1307,1564,1588]" box="[264,1307,1564,1588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406FFFC91769F9ACE7D2F9ED" bold="true" box="[264,394,1564,1588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406FFFC917F0F9ADE46EF9ED" box="[401,566,1565,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="areolata" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406FFFC917F0F9ADE46EF9ED" box="[401,566,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Ebboa areolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A242817F406FFFC9145CF9ADE4F6F9ED" box="[573,686,1565,1588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
and species, holotype MNHN Arc 236.4, general habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406FFFC91759F9D8E210F95B" blockId="7.[264,1322,1640,1906]" box="[312,1096,1640,1666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Abdomen. Globular, broad; no abdominal trichobotria on sternites.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406FFFC91759F920E403F8AB" blockId="7.[264,1322,1640,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
Measurements (in mm): length of body 2.85 (from head to apex of abdomen); length/ width of head 0.75/0.2; length of eye 0.2; length of antennal segment I 0.16, II 0.45, III 0.2, IV 0.5; length of rostrum 
<emphasis id="B9713C04406FFFC9140DF950E4D0F920" box="[620,648,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">ca</emphasis>
. 1.00; length of pronotum 0.25, min/max width 0.35/0.5; length/width of scutellum 0.28/0.5; length of hemelytra 1.38; length of femur/tibia/tarsi 0.7/0.9/0.23, 0.85/1.05/0.23, 1.0/1.42/ 
<quantity id="4CFD4DF3406FFFC914A4F880E540F893" box="[709,792,1840,1866]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" unit="in" value="0.23">0.23 in</quantity>
fore, mid and hind legs respectively; length/ width of abdomen 1.85/1.35.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D4060FFC61759FEACE590F977" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBAE0164060FFC61759FEACE276FA3F" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61759FEACE798FEEC" box="[312,448,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Discussion.</emphasis>
These fossils, although in ambers from different outcrops, can be attributed to the same taxon because of their identical habitus. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74060FFC61201FEF4E701FE5F" author="Schuh" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Schuh, R. T. &amp; Slater, J. A. (1995) True bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and natural history. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 336 pp." type="book" year="1995">Schuh and Slater (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61708FEDCE7EEFE5C" box="[361,438,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61708FEDCE7EEFE5C" box="[361,438,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A242817F4060FFC617A1FEDCE477FE5F" box="[448,559,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
would share with some Leptopodomorpha: Leptopodoidea the following characters: body shape rounded (
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC6156AFE24E5CAFE77" box="[779,914,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Omaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Omaniidae</taxonomicName>
), convex hemelytra, long antennal segment II, and a rather similar pattern of corium venation. In this group however, only the 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61769FE54E7F1FE27" box="[264,425,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Leptopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptopodidae</taxonomicName>
have at least the clavus, and often much of the dorsum, heavily punctured. Nevertheless, we exclude affinities of 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC614ADFDBCE541FDFC" box="[716,793,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC614ADFDBCE541FDFC" box="[716,793,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with Leptopodoidea because of its distinctly smaller eyes, and the absence of trichobotria on the dorsal surface of the head. The Dipsocoromorpha: 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC617CBFDECE437FDAF" box="[426,623,604,630]" class="Insecta" family="Hypsipterygidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hypsipterygidae</taxonomicName>
, the majority of Tingoidea, some 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61275FDECE2A8FDAF" box="[1044,1264,604,630]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastocoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thaumastocoridae</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61769FD34E7CDFD47" box="[264,405,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Piesmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Piesmatidae</taxonomicName>
have the dorsal surface of body and hemelytra areolate, as in the new genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61769FD1CE70CFD1C" box="[264,340,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61769FD1CE70CFD1C" box="[264,340,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This genus can be attributed to the Tingoidea because of the presence of an open peritrema of the metapleural scent­gland, but it is not Y­shaped (plesiomorphy) as in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61769FD4CE7CFFCCF" box="[264,407,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Vianaididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vianaididae</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61433FD4CE4C7FCCC" box="[594,671,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61433FD4CE4C7FCCC" box="[594,671,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks abdominal trichobotria and pulvilli, as in the recent Tingoidea (
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74060FFC617BBFC94E425FCE7" author="Pericart" box="[474,637,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Pericart, J. (1983) Hemipteres Tingidae euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 69, 620 pp." type="book" year="1983">Péricart 1983</bibRefCitation>
). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74060FFC61550FC94E200FCE7" author="Golub" box="[817,1112,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. &amp; Popov, Y. A. (2000 a) A remarkable fossil lace bug from Upper Cretaceous New Jersey amber (Heteroptera: Tingoidea: Vianaididae), with some phylogenetic commentary. In: Grimaldi, D. A. (Ed.), Studies on fossils in amber, with particular reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 231 - 239." type="book chapter" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Golub and Popov (2000a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74060FFC61205FC94E2F8FCE7" author="Golub" box="[1124,1184,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. &amp; Popov, Y. A. (2003) A new fossil genus of Vianaididae (Heteroptera: Tingoidea) from the Cretaceous amber of New Jersey; evolution of the family in Late Cretaceous. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 46 (suppl. - Fossil Insects), 109 - 116." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74060FFC61281FC94E7FBFCBF" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Schuh, R. T., Cassis, G. &amp; Guilbert, E. (2006) Morphology of macropterous Vianaidinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) with comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the group. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, in press." type="book">
Schuh 
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61769FCFCE767FCBC" box="[264,319,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. (2006)
</bibRefCitation>
, the hemelytra of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC614D4FCFCE519FCBF" box="[693,833,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Vianaididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vianaididae</taxonomicName>
can or cannot be divided into a clavus, corium, and membrane, but are not areolate as they are in all other 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61273FCC4E225FC57" box="[1042,1149,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tingidae</taxonomicName>
. However, it is not clear when punctuation becomes areolae, even in the discussion by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74060FFC6123AFC2CE73EFC07" author="Golub" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. &amp; Popov, Y. A. (2000 a) A remarkable fossil lace bug from Upper Cretaceous New Jersey amber (Heteroptera: Tingoidea: Vianaididae), with some phylogenetic commentary. In: Grimaldi, D. A. (Ed.), Studies on fossils in amber, with particular reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 231 - 239." type="book chapter" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Golub and Popov (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
. According to these authors, the punctuation or tiny areolae is a symplesiomorphy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61749FC5CE7ECFBDF" box="[296,436,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Vianaididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vianaididae</taxonomicName>
and Cantacaderinae. The hemelytra of 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC615E5FC5CE589FBDC" box="[900,977,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC615E5FC5CE589FBDC" box="[900,977,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is highly divided in the main area, as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC617E7FBA4E7A8FBF7" box="[390,496,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tingidae</taxonomicName>
, and in other secondary areas, as in Cantacaderinae, suggesting affinities with this subfamily. But the vianaidid 
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61562FB8CE278FB8C" box="[771,1056,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Vianagramma goldmani</emphasis>
Golub &amp; Popov has a corium divided into large secondary areas. Thus the hemelytral pattern varies greatly within both the 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC617A3FB3CE471FB7F" box="[450,553,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tingidae</taxonomicName>
and the 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC614EEFB3CE547FB7F" box="[655,799,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Vianaididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vianaididae</taxonomicName>
. The cantacaderine­like hemelytra of 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC612BFFB3CE372FB7C" box="[1246,1322,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC612BFFB3CE372FB7C" box="[1246,1322,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not exclude affinities with the latter. Also, 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC6155BFB04E5DEFB14" box="[826,902,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC6155BFB04E5DEFB14" box="[826,902,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a considerably elongate second antennal segment, a ‘secondary’ synapomorphy of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC615DFFB6CE212FB2F" box="[958,1098,1244,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Vianaididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vianaididae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74060FFC61201FB6CE70BFAC7" author="Golub" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. &amp; Popov, Y. A. (2000 a) A remarkable fossil lace bug from Upper Cretaceous New Jersey amber (Heteroptera: Tingoidea: Vianaididae), with some phylogenetic commentary. In: Grimaldi, D. A. (Ed.), Studies on fossils in amber, with particular reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 231 - 239." type="book chapter" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Golub &amp; Popov 2000a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74060FFC6173EFAB4E7C6FAC7" author="Golub" box="[351,414,1284,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. &amp; Popov, Y. A. (2003) A new fossil genus of Vianaididae (Heteroptera: Tingoidea) from the Cretaceous amber of New Jersey; evolution of the family in Late Cretaceous. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 46 (suppl. - Fossil Insects), 109 - 116." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
). The length of an antennal segment can vary within a family, even if it is not the case in the known recent and fossil 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC614BDFA9CE51FFA9F" box="[732,839,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tingidae</taxonomicName>
; thus this last character does not exclude affinities with the 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC617BCFAE4E410FAB7" box="[477,584,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tingidae</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61432FAE4E4F8FAB4" box="[595,672,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61432FAE4E4F8FAB4" box="[595,672,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a large scutellum, unlike the known recent and fossil 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC6174AFACCE7CDFA4F" box="[299,405,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tingidae</taxonomicName>
, but this is probably a plesiomorphy. Lastly, 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC615C5FACCE5A9FA4C" box="[932,1009,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC615C5FACCE5A9FA4C" box="[932,1009,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has three­segmented tarsi, unlike the 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC617EBFA14E7A9FA67" box="[394,497,1444,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tingidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61450FA14E498FA67" box="[561,704,1444,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Vianaididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vianaididae</taxonomicName>
, which could correspond to a plesiomorphy, as the tarsi are two­ or three­segmented in the tingoid sister­group 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC615A8FA7CE272FA3F" box="[969,1066,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Miridae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE0164060FFC61759FA44E590F977" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61759FA44E7DDF9D4" box="[312,389,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61759FA44E7DDF9D4" box="[312,389,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with 
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61441FA44E4CFF9D4" box="[544,663,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ignotingis</emphasis>
Zhang, Golub, Popov &amp; Shcherbakov, 
<typeStatus id="54BE5EB44060FFC61219FA44E2F2F9D7" box="[1144,1194,1524,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
species of the extinct family Ignotingidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74060FFC614E8F9ACE53CF9EF" author="Zhang" box="[649,868,1564,1590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Zhang, J. - F., Golub, V. B., Popov, Y. A. &amp; Shcherbakov, D. E. (2005) Ignotingidae fam. nov. (Insecta: Heteroptera: Tingoidea), the earliest lace bugs from the upper Mesozoic of eastern China. Cretaceous Research, 26, 783 - 792." type="journal article" year="2005">
Zhang 
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC614BEF9ACE54CF9EC" box="[735,788,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
), the presence of a rather long second antennal segment (longer than first) and three­segmented tarsi. But these two fossils have very different hemelytral pattern of venation, head and pronotum shape, and the longest antennal segment of 
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC6179DF924E42BF974" box="[508,627,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ignotingis</emphasis>
is the third, unlike in 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61515F924E598F974" box="[884,960,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61515F924E598F974" box="[884,960,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D4060FFC71759F90CE464FC6F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBAE0164060FFC71759F90CE4DCFDFF" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1324,284,950]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC61759F90CE7DCF90C" box="[312,388,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61759F90CE7DCF90C" box="[312,388,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strongly differs from all the modern and fossil vianaidid genera in its elongate head and very long second antennal segment, distinctly longer than the third. It differs from the two Cretaceous genera 
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC614E9F8BCE576F8FC" box="[648,814,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Vianagramma</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC61506F8BCE25BF8FC" box="[871,1027,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Vianathauma</emphasis>
in the lack of hemelytral membrane, the elongate head, and distinctly smaller eyes. The two modern genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954060FFC712BDF884E725FEEC" ID-CoL="62BJ4" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Anommatocoris" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044060FFC712BDF884E725FEEC" italics="true" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Anommatocoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="F312A0864061FFC717E5FEACE792FEEF" box="[388,458,284,310]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">China</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954061FFC71463FEACE52AFEEF" ID-CoL="7VBV" authority="Drake &amp; Davis" authorityName="Drake &amp; Davis" box="[514,882,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Thaumamannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044061FFC71463FEACE4E2FEEC" box="[514,698,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Thaumamannia</emphasis>
Drake &amp; Davis
</taxonomicName>
also lack a hemelytral membrane and have very small eyes, even smaller than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954061FFC71532FEF4E5F8FE84" box="[851,928,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044061FFC71532FEF4E5F8FE84" box="[851,928,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74061FFC715D1FEF4E231FE87" author="Kormilev" box="[944,1129,324,350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="67" refString="Kormilev, N. A. (1955) A new myrmicophil family of Hemiptera from the delta of Rio Parana, Argentina. Revista Ecuatoriana de Entomologia y Parasitologia, 2, 465 - 477." type="journal article" year="1955">Kormilev 1955</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74061FFC71216FEF4E71FFE5F" author="Drake" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" refString="Drake, C. J. &amp; Davis, N. T. (1960) The morphology, phylogeny and higher classification of the family Tingidae, including the description of a new genus and species of the subfamily Vianaidinae (Heteroptera). Entomologia Americana (N. S.), 39, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1960">Drake &amp; Davis 1960</bibRefCitation>
). Both these reductions of the modern taxa are probably correlated to their biology, owing that they inhabit ant nests. In conclusion, 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954061FFC71531FE24E5C5FE74" box="[848,925,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Ebboidae" genus="Ebboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C044061FFC71531FE24E5C5FE74" box="[848,925,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Ebboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fits neither into the 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954061FFC712F2FE24E2A2FE77" ID-CoL="H9W" box="[1171,1274,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tingidae</taxonomicName>
nor the 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954061FFC71759FE0CE79FFE0F" box="[312,455,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Vianaididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vianaididae</taxonomicName>
, and its phylogenetic affinities remain uncertain within the Tingoidea. Nevertheless, this new genus shows sufficient peculiar characters to justify its attribution to a distinct, new tingoid family.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE0164061FFC71759FD84E464FC6F" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
This and the recent finding of the extinct family Ignotingidae provide evidence for a larger diversity of the Tingoidea during the Cretaceous, the various taxa having more diversified chorologies. Indeed, the morphological disparity of the recent and fossil Tingoidea is very important, with species having areolate hemelytra and others not, species with a coleopteroid habitus and others not. Interestingly, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954061FFC71585FD64E216FD37" ID-CoL="H9W" box="[996,1102,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tingidae</taxonomicName>
, which is now the more diverse tingoid family, is still underrepresented in the Mesozoic record comparatively to its sister families. A similar situation occurs between the two neuropteran sister families 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954061FFC7170EFCFCE466FCBF" box="[367,574,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Rhachiberothidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhachiberothidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B954061FFC7141AFCFCE548FCBF" ID-CoL="624L3" box="[635,784,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mantispidae</taxonomicName>
. The former is well represented in the Cretaceous and relictual in the present time (
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE74061FFC714AEFCC4E5D9FC57" author="Nel" box="[719,897,884,910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="67" refString="Nel, A., Perrichot, V., Azar, D. &amp; Neraudeau, D. (2005) New Rhachiberothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) in Early Cretaceous and Early Eocene ambers from France and Lebanon. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, 235, 51 - 85." type="journal article" year="2005">
Nel 
<emphasis id="B9713C044061FFC71563FCC4E56CFC54" box="[770,820,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
), while the latter is rare in the Mesozoic but very diverse now.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>