426 lines
46 KiB
XML
426 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="DC711E59D5CF8AC3751AF7BFE1AD37EC" ID-CLB-Dataset="299708" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11512680" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ccd739a4-10c3-4700-b27e-459bd82f1676" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11512680" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1717720566437" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Weinell, Jeffrey L., Hooper, Errol, Leviton, Alan E. & Brown, Rafe M." docDate="2019" docId="A20AE119FFA5FFB7FD9E0AFA4C9A5F7C" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.66.1.1-49.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 66 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.2:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Hydrophis Latreille 1801" docType="key" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="5E339961FFBDFFADFFD00A21480B5C14" masterDocTitle="Illustrated Key to the Snakes of the Philippines" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1720732226891" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E057345F66F19D213EDB1F629362A9A3">Illustrated Key to the Snakes of the Philippines</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="97C1527E898DE470DFE9389E800C7E63">Weinell, Jeffrey L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="18729C0DBCAFB23AD0D9ED25CDAD1BCC">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9E0B9EF4D51F5F99C8D17158AAE746C7">Hooper, Errol</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E842E70ED9C82B1BE1945A9FD11ECEF1">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F9910F20BC772E0E1725B8E98B1CA002">Leviton, Alan E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0A6C9BD738104AE1228680AD1AB77ED1">Herpetology Division, Institute of Biodiversity Science & Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118. * Corresponding author; Email: jweine 2 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F05B04215AE4C3F02A30730574D84F88">Brown, Rafe M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6750C1BD5BD45FBECC395114E68B63A8">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045;</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="A20AE119FFA5FFB7FD9E0AFA4C9A5F7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12728155" ID-GBIF-Taxon="235040653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12728155" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A20AE119FFA5FFB7FD9E0AFA4C9A5F7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A20AE119FFA5FFB7FD9E0AFA4C9A5F7C" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA5FFB5FD9E0AFA4AC95CE6" ID-CoL="636MV" authority="Latreille, 1801" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1801" box="[590,706,219,242]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FD9E0AFA4AC95CE6" bold="true" box="[590,706,219,242]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrophis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FF190ADD4C4C5D07" blockId="24.[201,1095,219,275]" box="[201,1095,252,275]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Key to species reported from or likely to occur in marine waters in the
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<collectingCountry id="52B4109FFFA5FFB5FC180ADD4C4F5D07" box="[968,1092,252,275]" name="Philippines" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="62B90384FFA5FFB7FFAA0B074C9A5F7C" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="key">
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<key id="5E32073EFFA5FFB7FFAA0B074C9A5F7C" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<keyStep id="915748AAFFA5FFB5FFAA0B074C9A5D49" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA0B074C9A5D29" blockId="24.[122,1169,294,349]" box="[122,1169,294,317]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA0B074C9A5D29" box="[122,1169,294,317]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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1a. Longitudinal scale rows around thickest part of body> 72..........
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<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA5FFB5FC720B074C9A5D29" ID-CoL="8GB7F" baseAuthorityName="Laidlaw" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[930,1169,294,317]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
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<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FC720B074C9A5D29" box="[930,1169,294,317]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrophis annandalei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA0B674C9A5D49" blockId="24.[122,1169,294,349]" box="[122,1169,326,349]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA0B674C9A5D49" box="[122,1169,326,349]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">1b. Longitudinal scale rows around thickest part of body 25–70.......................... 2</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="915748AAFFA5FFB5FFAA0B504C9A5DDC" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA0B504C9A5DBC" blockId="24.[122,1173,369,456]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA0B504C9A5DBC" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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2a. Rostral scale fragmented into four or five smaller scales (
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<figureCitation id="B2984C8AFFA5FFB5FD2C0B504B405D9C" box="[764,843,369,392]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="24.[155,167,823,842]" captionTargetBox="[464,832,469,813]" captionTargetId="figure-672@24.[464,832,469,813]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 35. Rostral scale fragmented into four or five scales in Hydrophis anomalus (specimen number unknown; a redrafting by EH of original image in Rasmussen et al. 2011). Rostral scale (reddish brown). Fig. 35, modified original line drawing reproduced with permission of A. Rasmussen and Zootaxa and Magnolia Press." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512752/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
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); dorsal head scales with thickened edges..................................................
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<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA5FFB5FC620BB04C9A5DBC" ID-CoL="8J66H" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[946,1169,401,424]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
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<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FC620BB04C9A5DBC" box="[946,1169,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrophis anomalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA0B904C9A5DDC" blockId="24.[122,1173,369,456]" box="[122,1169,433,456]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA0B904C9A5DDC" box="[122,1169,433,456]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2b. Rostral scale not fragmented into four or five smaller scales.......................... 3</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7EDC0087FFA5FFB5FF4B09164B795F69" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11512752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512752/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[155,167,823,842]" targetBox="[464,832,469,813]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FF4B09164B795F69" blockId="24.[123,1173,823,893]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<smallCapsWord id="2CFAC6D3FFA5FFB5FF4B091648D35F5C" baselines="837,836" box="[155,216,823,842]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Figure" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE</smallCapsWord>
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35. Rostral scale fragmented into four or five scales in
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<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA5FFB5FD1B09164B745F5E" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[715,895,823,842]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
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<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FD1B09164B745F5E" box="[715,895,823,842]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrophis anomalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(specimen number unknown; a redrafting by EH of original image in
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<bibRefCitation id="4E322DFEFFA5FFB5FE6E09714A745F77" author="Rasmussen" box="[446,639,848,867]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rasmussen" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref35158" refString="RASMUSSEN, ARNE R., JOHAN ELMBERG, PETER GRAVLUND, AND IVAN INEICH. 2011. Sea snakes (Serpentes subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) in Vietnam: a comprehensive checklist and an updated identification key. Zootaxa 2894: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2011">Rasmussen et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). Rostral scale (reddish brown). Fig. 35, modified original line drawing reproduced with permission of A. Rasmussen and
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<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FDA7094B4AB65F69" box="[631,701,874,893]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zootaxa</emphasis>
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and Magnolia Press.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<keyStep id="915748AAFFA5FFB5FFAA09BA4C9A5FE6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA09BA4C9A5FC6" blockId="24.[122,1174,923,1010]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA09BA4C9A5FC6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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3a. Ventral body scales large (> 1/4 body width) on anterior part of body and small on posterior part of body..................................................
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<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA5FFB5FC67099A4C9A5FC6" ID-CoL="3N8CM" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[951,1169,955,978]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viperinus">
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<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FC67099A4C9A5FC6" box="[951,1169,955,978]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrophis viperinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA09FA4C9A5FE6" blockId="24.[122,1174,923,1010]" box="[122,1169,987,1010]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA09FA4C9A5FE6" box="[122,1169,987,1010]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3b. Ventral body scales small on both anterior and posterior parts of body.................. 4</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="915748AAFFA5FFB5FFAA0E274C9A5869" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA0E274C9A5829" blockId="24.[122,1173,1030,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA0E274C9A5829" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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4a. Ventral surface of body uniform yellow or white; dorsal part of body uniform dark brown or black........................................................
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<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA5FFB5FC110E074C9A5829" ID-CoL="3N8BL" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[961,1169,1062,1085]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platurus">
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<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FC110E074C9A5829" box="[961,1169,1062,1085]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrophis platurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA0E674C9A5869" blockId="24.[122,1173,1030,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA0E674C9A5869" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">4b. Ventral surface of body not uniform yellow or white; dorsal part of body not uniform dark brown or black............................................................... 5</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="915748AAFFA5FFB5FFAA0EB14C9A58D3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA0EB14C9A58B3" blockId="24.[122,1169,1168,1223]" box="[122,1169,1168,1191]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA0EB14C9A58B3" box="[122,1169,1168,1191]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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5a. Mental scale elongate, not triangular (
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<figureCitation id="B2984C8AFFA5FFB5FDEA0EB14A9058B3" box="[570,667,1168,1191]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="24.[155,167,1628,1647]" captionTargetBox="[299,997,1352,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-676@24.[299,997,1352,1614]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 36. Ventral view of head of (A) Hydrophis schistosus (specimen number unknown; a redrafting by EH of orig- inal image in Rasmussen et al. 2011), (B) Hydrophis curtus (KU 40063). Mental scale (green), and either elongate (A) or triangular (B). Fig. 36A modified original line drawing reproduced with permission of A. Rasmussen and Zootaxa and Magnolia Press." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512754/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 36A</figureCitation>
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)...................
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<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA5FFB5FC7E0EB14C9A58B3" ID-CoL="3N8BV" box="[942,1169,1168,1191]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistosus">
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<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FC7E0EB14C9A58B3" box="[942,1169,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrophis schistosus</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA0E914C9A58D3" blockId="24.[122,1169,1168,1223]" box="[122,1169,1200,1223]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA0E914C9A58D3" box="[122,1169,1200,1223]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
5b. Mental scale triangular, not elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2984C8AFFA5FFB5FDEA0E914A9158D3" box="[570,666,1200,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="24.[155,167,1628,1647]" captionTargetBox="[299,997,1352,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-676@24.[299,997,1352,1614]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 36. Ventral view of head of (A) Hydrophis schistosus (specimen number unknown; a redrafting by EH of orig- inal image in Rasmussen et al. 2011), (B) Hydrophis curtus (KU 40063). Mental scale (green), and either elongate (A) or triangular (B). Fig. 36A modified original line drawing reproduced with permission of A. Rasmussen and Zootaxa and Magnolia Press." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512754/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 36B</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................... 6
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA5FFB5FFAA0EFA4C9A5906" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA0EFA4C9A58E6" blockId="24.[122,1169,1243,1298]" box="[122,1169,1243,1266]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA0EFA4C9A58E6" box="[122,1169,1243,1266]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">6a. Enlarged chin shields absent................................................... 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA0EDA4C9A5906" blockId="24.[122,1169,1243,1298]" box="[122,1169,1275,1298]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA0EDA4C9A5906" box="[122,1169,1275,1298]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">6b. Enlarged chin shields present, one or two pairs.................................... 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA5FFB4FFAA0F074C9A5CE7" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FFAA0F074C9A5929" blockId="24.[122,1169,1318,1341]" box="[122,1169,1318,1341]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA5FFB5FFAA0F074C9A5929" box="[122,1169,1318,1341]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
7a. Midbody scales in> 45 longitudinal rows around body................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA5FFB5FC1A0F074C9A5929" ID-CoL="3N8C5" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[970,1169,1318,1341]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stokesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FC1A0F074C9A5929" box="[970,1169,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrophis stokesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7EDC0087FFA5FFB5FF4B0C7D490D5AA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11512754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512754/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[155,167,1628,1647]" targetBox="[299,997,1352,1614]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA5FFB5FF4B0C7D490D5AA8" blockId="24.[122,1173,1628,1724]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="2CFAC6D3FFA5FFB5FF4B0C7D48D35A79" baselines="1642,1641" box="[155,216,1628,1647]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Figure" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
36. Ventral view of head of (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA5FFB5FE210C7D4AA35A7B" box="[497,680,1628,1647]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FE210C7D4AA35A7B" box="[497,680,1628,1647]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrophis schistosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(specimen number unknown; a redrafting by EH of original image in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E322DFEFFA5FFB5FF220C5749BD5A9D" author="Rasmussen" box="[242,438,1654,1673]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rasmussen" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref35158" refString="RASMUSSEN, ARNE R., JOHAN ELMBERG, PETER GRAVLUND, AND IVAN INEICH. 2011. Sea snakes (Serpentes subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) in Vietnam: a comprehensive checklist and an updated identification key. Zootaxa 2894: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2011">Rasmussen et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA5FFB5FE380C574A765A9D" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[488,637,1654,1673]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FE380C574A765A9D" box="[488,637,1654,1673]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrophis curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KU 40063). Mental scale (green), and either elongate (A) or triangular (B). Fig. 36A modified original line drawing reproduced with permission of A. Rasmussen and
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA5FFB5FBFB0CAE4C7A5AB6" box="[1067,1137,1679,1698]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zootaxa</emphasis>
|
||
and Magnolia Press.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0AFD4C9A5CE7" blockId="25.[123,1169,220,243]" box="[123,1169,220,243]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0AFD4C9A5CE7" box="[123,1169,220,243]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
7b. Midbody scales in <45 longitudinal rows around body.................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FC070AFD4C9A5CE7" ID-CoL="3N88Y" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[983,1169,220,243]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FC070AFD4C9A5CE7" box="[983,1169,220,243]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA4FFB4FFAB0B274C9A5D29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0B274C9A5D09" blockId="25.[123,1169,262,317]" box="[123,1169,262,285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0B274C9A5D09" box="[123,1169,262,285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
8a. Longitudinal scale rows around thickest part of body ≤ 2...............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FC1E0B274C9A5D09" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[974,1169,262,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerdoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FC1E0B274C9A5D09" box="[974,1169,262,285]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis jerdoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0B074C9A5D29" blockId="25.[123,1169,262,317]" box="[123,1169,294,317]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0B074C9A5D29" box="[123,1169,294,317]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">8b. Longitudinal scale rows around thickest part of body ≥ 25........................... 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0B704C9A5D7C" blockId="25.[123,1169,337,392]" box="[123,1169,337,360]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0B704C9A5D7C" box="[123,1169,337,360]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA4FFB4FFAB0B704C9A5D7C" box="[123,1169,337,360]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
9a. Frontal scale and parietal scales more or less fragmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2984C8AFFA4FFB4FCC30B704B7F5D7C" box="[787,884,337,360]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="25.[155,167,618,637]" captionTargetBox="[293,1003,406,610]" captionTargetId="figure-1094@25.[293,1003,406,610]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 37. Dorsal view of head of (A) Hydrophis peronii (CAS 136104; a redrafting by EH of original image in Leviton et al. 2014), (B) Hydrophis melanocephalus (KU 94556). Frontal scales (green), parietal scales (purplish-gray). Fig. A reproduced and modified with permission of A. Leviton and the Calfornia Academy of Sciences." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512756/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 37A</figureCitation>
|
||
)......
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FC1E0B704C9A5D7C" ID-CoL="3N8BJ" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[974,1169,337,360]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peronii">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FC1E0B704C9A5D7C" box="[974,1169,337,360]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis peronii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0B504C9A5EFC" blockId="25.[123,1169,337,392]" lastBlockId="25.[123,1169,721,776]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0B504C9A5EFC" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
9b. Frontal scale and parietal scales unfragmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2984C8AFFA4FFB4FD740B504B0F5D9C" box="[676,772,369,392]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="25.[155,167,618,637]" captionTargetBox="[293,1003,406,610]" captionTargetId="figure-1094@25.[293,1003,406,610]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 37. Dorsal view of head of (A) Hydrophis peronii (CAS 136104; a redrafting by EH of original image in Leviton et al. 2014), (B) Hydrophis melanocephalus (KU 94556). Frontal scales (green), parietal scales (purplish-gray). Fig. A reproduced and modified with permission of A. Leviton and the Calfornia Academy of Sciences." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512756/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 37B</figureCitation>
|
||
)........................... 10
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA4FFB4FFAB08F04C9A5EFC" box="[123,1169,721,744]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10a. Maxillary teeth behind fangs ≥ 9.............................................. 11</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7EDC0087FFA4FFB4FF4B084B4BB05EA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11512756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512756/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[155,167,618,637]" targetBox="[293,1003,406,610]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FF4B084B4BB05EA4" blockId="25.[122,1174,618,688]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="2CFAC6D3FFA4FFB4FF4B084B48D35E68" baselines="632,632" box="[155,216,618,637]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Figure" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
37. Dorsal view of head of (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FE3D084B4A825E69" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[493,649,618,637]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peronii">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FE3D084B4A825E69" box="[493,649,618,637]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis peronii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CAS 136104; a redrafting by EH of original image in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E322DFEFFA4FFB4FBB7084B48F15E83" author="Leviton" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Leviton" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref34267" refString="LEVITON, ALAN E., RAFE M. BROWN, AND CAMERON D. SILER. 2014. The dangerously venomous snakes of the Philippine Archipelago. Pages 473 - 530 in G. C. Williams and T. M. Gosliner, eds., The Coral Triangle: The 2011 Hearst Biodiversity Philippine Expedition. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA." type="book" year="2014">Leviton et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FEFB08A54A1D5E83" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[299,534,644,663]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FEFB08A54A1D5E83" box="[299,534,644,663]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis melanocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KU 94556). Frontal scales (green), parietal scales (purplish-gray). Fig. A reproduced and modified with permission of A. Leviton and the Calfornia Academy of Sciences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB08D04C9A5F1C" blockId="25.[123,1169,721,776]" box="[123,1169,753,776]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB08D04C9A5F1C" box="[123,1169,753,776]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10b. Maxillary teeth behind fangs ≤ 8.............................................. 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA4FFB4FFAB093A4C9A5F86" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB093A4C9A5F46" blockId="25.[123,1174,795,914]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB093A4C9A5F46" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
11a. Neck width divided by width at widest part of body 0.45–0.56; maxillary teeth behind fangs 14–18....................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FC40091A4C9A5F46" ID-CoL="3N88M" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[912,1169,827,850]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FC40091A4C9A5F46" box="[912,1169,827,850]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis caerulescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB097A4C9A5F86" blockId="25.[123,1174,795,914]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB097A4C9A5F86" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">11b. Neck width divided by width at widest part of body ≥ 0.57; maxillary teeth behind fangs 9–13...................................................................... 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA4FFB4FFAB09874C9A5809" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB09874C9A5FC9" blockId="25.[123,1169,934,1053]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB09874C9A5FC9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
12a. Interspaces between black transverse dorsal bands thin, less than two scale rows wide.....................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FCCC09E74BEF5FC9" ID-CoL="3N8B8" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1926" box="[796,996,966,989]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FCCC09E74BEF5FC9" box="[796,996,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis ornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FBDA09E74C9A5FC9" ID-CoL="3N89X" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[1034,1169,966,989]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FBDA09E74C9A5FC9" box="[1034,1169,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB09C74C9A5809" blockId="25.[123,1169,934,1053]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB09C74C9A5809" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
12b. Interspaces between black transverse dorsal bands broad, more than two scale rows wide..............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FC100E274C9A5809" ID-CoL="6MJRM" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1917" box="[960,1169,1030,1053]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FC100E274C9A5809" box="[960,1169,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis lamberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA4FFB4FFAB0E114C9A5893" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0E114C9A5853" blockId="25.[123,1173,1072,1159]" box="[123,1169,1072,1095]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0E114C9A5853" box="[123,1169,1072,1095]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13a. Width of neck> 1/2 width of widest part of body; anterior temporal scale one......... 14</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0E714C9A5893" blockId="25.[123,1173,1072,1159]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0E714C9A5893" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13b. One or both of the following true: (1) width of neck <1/2 width of widest part of body; (2) anterior temporal scales two................................................ 15</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA4FFB4FFAB0EBA4C9A58C6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0EBA4C9A58A6" blockId="25.[123,1169,1179,1234]" box="[123,1169,1179,1202]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0EBA4C9A58A6" box="[123,1169,1179,1202]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
14a. Longitudinal scale rows around midbody 8–18 more than around neck..
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FC130EBA4C9A58A6" ID-CoL="3N88C" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[963,1169,1179,1202]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belcheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FC130EBA4C9A58A6" box="[963,1169,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis belcheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0E9A4C9A58C6" blockId="25.[123,1169,1179,1234]" box="[123,1169,1211,1234]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0E9A4C9A58C6" box="[123,1169,1211,1234]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
14b. Longitudinal scale rows around midbody 4–8 more than around neck...
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FC1A0E9A4C9A58C6" ID-CoL="3N8C3" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[970,1169,1211,1234]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FC1A0E9A4C9A58C6" box="[970,1169,1211,1234]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis spiralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA4FFB4FFAB0EC74C9A59C9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0EC74C9A5949" blockId="25.[123,1183,1254,1501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0EC74C9A5949" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
15a. Head very small, width of neck ≤ 1/3 width of widest part of body; longitudinal scale rows around neck 17–23; ventral body scales of anterior part of body wider than adjacent scale rows; ventral body scales of posterior part of body are divided by a long longitudinal furrow...................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FC190F674C9A5949" ID-CoL="3N89L" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[969,1169,1350,1373]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FC190F674C9A5949" box="[969,1169,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0F474C9A59C9" blockId="25.[123,1183,1254,1501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0F474C9A59C9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15b. One or more of the following combinations of characters true: (1) head small or moderate in size, width of neck> 1/3 width of widest part of body; (2) longitudinal scale rows around neck ≥ 23; (3) ventral body scales of posterior part of body not divided by a long longitudinal furrow.......................................................................... 16</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA4FFB4FFAB0FD14C9A5A86" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0FD14C9A5A33" blockId="25.[123,1173,1520,1575]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0FD14C9A5A33" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
16a. Longitudinal scale rows around midbody 29–35; ventral body scales 278–325; dorsal surface of head uniformly dark brown to black.............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA4FFB4FC190C314C9A5A33" ID-CoL="3N88S" baseAuthorityName="Kharin" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[969,1169,1552,1575]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coggeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA4FFB4FC190C314C9A5A33" box="[969,1169,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hydrophis coggeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA4FFB4FFAB0C1A4C9A5A86" blockId="25.[123,1174,1595,1682]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA4FFB4FFAB0C1A4C9A5A86" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">16b. One or more of the following combinations of characters true: (1) longitudinal scale rows around midbody> 35; (2) ventral body scales> 325; (3) dorsal surface of head has yellow spot behind nostrils and yellow streak behind eye...................................... 17</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA7FFB7FFAB0AFD4C9A5D07" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA7FFB7FFAB0AFD4C9A5CE7" blockId="26.[123,1169,220,275]" box="[123,1169,220,243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA7FFB7FFAB0AFD4C9A5CE7" box="[123,1169,220,243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">17a. Anterior temporal scales one................................................. 18</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA7FFB7FFAB0ADD4C9A5D07" blockId="26.[123,1169,220,275]" box="[123,1169,252,275]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA7FFB7FFAB0ADD4C9A5D07" box="[123,1169,252,275]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">17b. Anterior temporal scales two................................................. 20</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA7FFB7FFAB0B074C9A5D9C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA7FFB7FFAB0B074C9A5D29" blockId="26.[123,1169,294,317]" box="[123,1169,294,317]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA7FFB7FFAB0B074C9A5D29" box="[123,1169,294,317]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
18a. Ventral body scales <360; maxillary teeth behind fangs 6–8....
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA7FFB7FCBD0B074C9A5D29" ID-CoL="6MK3B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[877,1169,294,317]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA7FFB7FCBD0B074C9A5D29" box="[877,1169,294,317]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hydrophis melanocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA7FFB7FFAB0B704C9A5D9C" blockId="26.[123,1174,337,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA7FFB7FFAB0B704C9A5D9C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">18b. One or both of the following true: (1) ventral body scales ≥ 360; (2) maxillary teeth behind fangs <6.................................................................. 19</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA7FFB7FFAB0BBA4C9A5E06" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA7FFB7FFAB0BBA4C9A5DC6" blockId="26.[123,1173,411,530]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA7FFB7FFAB0BBA4C9A5DC6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
19a. Longitudinal scale rows around midbody 37–45; dorsal body scales on thickest part of body hexagonal or quadrangular........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA7FFB7FC1E0B9A4C9A5DC6" ID-CoL="3N88J" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1872" box="[974,1169,443,466]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brookii">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA7FFB7FC1E0B9A4C9A5DC6" box="[974,1169,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hydrophis brookii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA7FFB7FFAB0BFA4C9A5E06" blockId="26.[123,1173,411,530]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA7FFB7FFAB0BFA4C9A5E06" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
19b. Longitudinal scale rows around midbody 31–39; dorsal body scales on thickest part of body with rounded or bluntly pointed tips.................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA7FFB7FC0D0BDA4C9A5E06" ID-CoL="6MJRK" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1912" box="[989,1169,507,530]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klossi">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA7FFB7FC0D0BDA4C9A5E06" box="[989,1169,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hydrophis klossi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA7FFB7FFAB08074C9A5EC9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA7FFB7FFAB08074C9A5E69" blockId="26.[123,1174,550,733]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA7FFB7FFAB08074C9A5E69" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
20a. Width of neck ≤ 1/2 width of widest part of body; longitudinal scale rows around midbody 12–20 more than around neck; anterior surface of body dark with pale oval spots laterally that sometimes connect as crossbands..................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA7FFB7FC1408474C9A5E69" ID-CoL="6MK3R" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[964,1169,614,637]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA7FFB7FC1408474C9A5E69" box="[964,1169,614,637]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hydrophis atriceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA7FFB7FFAB08A74C9A5EC9" blockId="26.[123,1174,550,733]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA7FFB7FFAB08A74C9A5EC9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">20b. One or both of the following true: (1) width of neck> 1/2 width of widest part of body; (2) longitudinal scale rows around midbody <12 more than around neck; (3) anterior and posterior surface of body dark with distinct white annuli............................ 21</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="915748AAFFA7FFB7FFAB08D14C9A5F7C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA7FFB7FFAB08D14C9A5F3C" blockId="26.[123,1174,752,872]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA7FFB7FFAB08D14C9A5F3C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
21a. Head yellowish or olive (adults) or black (juveniles); ventral body scales with a black longitudinal stripe that may fade with age; ventral body scales 290–390...
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA7FFB7FC5F09304C9A5F3C" ID-CoL="3N88Z" box="[911,1169,785,808]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanocinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA7FFB7FC5F09304C9A5F3C" box="[911,1169,785,808]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hydrophis cyanocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1C500FFFA7FFB7FFAB09114C9A5F7C" blockId="26.[123,1174,752,872]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<keyLead id="9152F33AFFA7FFB7FFAB09114C9A5F7C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
21b. Head black; ventral body scales usually black; ventral body scales 314–356; [non-marine] endemic to Lake Taal (Luzon)....................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA32B8CFFA7FFB7FC1609704C9A5F7C" ID-CoL="3N8BZ" authorityName="Garman" authorityYear="1881" box="[966,1169,849,872]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D78C1DFFA7FFB7FC1609704C9A5F7C" box="[966,1169,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hydrophis semperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |