438 lines
49 KiB
XML
438 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.150024" ID-ISSN="0035-418X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5822875" checkinTime="1641408735096" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Sluys, Ronald" docDate="2012" docId="3B5187833D65FFB2FF4DFE3DC3E4FC05" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.119.2.181-188.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 119 (2)" docSource="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/150024" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0846B485C0C87F6EB7648DEEBF34B77F.2:RevSuisseZool.2011-2014.journal_article" docStyleId="0846B485C0C87F6EB7648DEEBF34B77F" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2011-2014.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Dendrocoelum nekoum Sluys & Zma 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="C768FFFB3D64FFB4FFDAFFE7C124FFDE" masterDocTitle="A new, sibling species of cave flatworm from Switzerland (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dendrocoelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="181" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1674059963777" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new, sibling species of cave flatworm from Switzerland (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dendrocoelidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sluys, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section ZMA) & Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P. O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">Ronald.Sluys@ncbnaturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2012-06-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>119</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>181</mods:start>
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<mods:end>188</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/150024</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5962/bhl.part.150024</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418X</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5822875</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B5187833D65FFB2FF4DFE3DC3E4FC05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5187833D65FFB2FF4DFE3DC3E4FC05" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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<subSubSection box="[151,501,474,498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1073,474,604]" box="[151,501,474,498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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<heading box="[151,501,474,498]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Sluys & Zma, 2012" authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,410,474,498]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,410,474,498]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Dendrocoelum nekoum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[418,501,474,497]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1073,474,604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED:
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-03-22" collectionCode="ZMA" country="Switzerland" county="Lungern" elevation="1550" latitude="46.783333" location="Klein Melchtal" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="8.216666" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="ZMA V.Pl. 6903.1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[443,532,506,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode box="[546,723,506,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">ZMA V.Pl. 6903.1</specimenCode>
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, Riedschwandhöhle, 6078
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<collectingCounty box="[986,1067,507,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Lungern</collectingCounty>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B5187833D65FFB2FF4DFE3DC3E4FC05:B627604E3D65FFB5FF4DFDF4C00DFDF7" box="[151,297,531,553]" country="Switzerland" county="Lungern" latitude="46.783333" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="8.216666" name="Klein Melchtal" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Klein Melchtal</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[311,399,531,553]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" precision="925" value="46.783333">46°47’ N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[407,476,531,553]" degrees="8" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" precision="925" value="8.216666">8°13’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[489,604,531,553]" name="Switzerland" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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, alt.
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<quantity box="[655,730,531,553]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="1550.0">
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<elevation box="[655,730,531,553]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<locationDeviation pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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a small lake about
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<quantity box="[929,992,531,553]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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into the cave
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</locationDeviation>
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,
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<date box="[206,351,557,579]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2009-03-22">
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<collectingDate box="[206,351,557,579]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2009-03-22">22 March 2009</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, sagittal sections on 17 slides.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-03-22" country="Switzerland" county="Lungern" elevation="1550" latitude="46.783333" location="Klein Melchtal" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="8.216666" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus box="[643,727,557,578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Paratype</typeStatus>
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: V.Pl. 6903.2, ibid., sagittal sections on 12 slides.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1074,623,711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is derived from the acronym NeKO for the foundation “Naturerbe Karst und Höhlen
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<collectingRegion box="[599,709,655,679]" country="Switzerland" name="Obwalden" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Obwalden</collectingRegion>
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”, the organization that has as one of its members the collector of the material, viz. Martin Trüssel.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1074,729,945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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DIAGNOSIS:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[360,608,729,753]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
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<emphasis box="[360,608,729,753]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Dendrocoelum nekoum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of features: absence of eyes; long penial papilla, provided with a spacious lumen, with at its tip an inflexible flagellum; ovaries positioned at about 1/4
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<superScript attach="left" box="[257,274,822,841]" fontSize="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">th</superScript>
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of the distance between the brain and the root of the pharynx; testes extending from about ½ of the distance between the brain and the root of the pharynx to the level of the gonopore; adenodactyl with the so-called Balkan
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<typeStatus box="[907,953,890,914]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">type</typeStatus>
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of musculature.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1074,964,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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DESCRIPTION: Preserved specimens 12x
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<quantity box="[660,723,964,988]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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; live animals were estimated to measure about
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<quantity box="[311,384,996,1020]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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in length. Anterior end truncated and provided with a small, cupshaped sucker. Animals devoid of any pigmentation and eyes (
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<figureCitation box="[824,886,1028,1052]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[569,582,1010,1031]" captionTargetBox="[438,785,287,967]" captionTargetId="figure-1200@2.[387,802,226,985]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1 Cleared specimen of Dendrocoelum nekoum, viewed from the ventral side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822877/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1074,964,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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Pharynx small, located in the posterior half of the animal, measuring about 1/9
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<superScript attach="right" box="[1057,1074,1057,1076]" fontSize="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">th</superScript>
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of the body length; musculature of the dendrocoelid
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<typeStatus box="[747,793,1093,1117]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">type</typeStatus>
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, i.e. with the inner zone consisting of a layer of intermingled circular and longitudinal muscles. Mouth opening situated at the posterior end of the pharyngeal cavity.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1074,964,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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The testes are situated at the dorsal side of the body, as well as in the middle part and at the ventral side; the follicles extend from about one-half of the distance between the brain and the root of the pharynx (i.e. from a considerable distance posterior to the ovaries) to the level of the gonopore. The ovaries are located at about 1/4
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<superScript attach="right" box="[1057,1074,1281,1300]" fontSize="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">th</superScript>
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of the distance between the brain and the root of the pharynx.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1074,964,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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The sperm ducts are swollen to spermiducal vesicles but upon penetrating the anterior wall of the penis bulb they decrease considerably in diameter. Whilst traversing the bulb, the vasa deferentia expand again somewhat in diameter and open into the proximal section of the penis lumen. The latter is wide, occupying most of the space of the elongated penis papilla, and at the distal end of the papilla even expands to such an extent that hardly any penial mesenchyme is present (
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<figureCitation box="[846,909,1508,1532]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[584,597,713,734]" captionTargetBox="[160,1072,235,689]" captionTargetId="figure-673@3.[153,1074,226,706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2 Dendrocoelum nekoum. Holotype. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822879/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1074,964,1661]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1059,1094,1662]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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The penis papilla occupies most of the male atrium. The tip of the penis papilla is provided with a highly characteristic flagellum. The shape of this flagellum seems to be independent of the degree of extension or contraction of the penis papilla. In contrast to the
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<typeStatus box="[315,408,1636,1660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">holotype</typeStatus>
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, the penis papilla of the
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<typeStatus box="[684,776,1637,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">paratype</typeStatus>
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projects for a considerable distance through the gonopore. However, the shape of the flagellum of the
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<typeStatus box="[941,1033,1095,1119]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">paratype</typeStatus>
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is precisely the same as in the
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<typeStatus box="[432,525,1126,1150]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">holotype</typeStatus>
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. The lining epithelium of the very tip of the penis, and thus of the flagellum, is pierced by openings of erythrophil penis glands. The penis bulb consists of criss-cross arranged, strong muscle fibres. This mess of circular and longitudinal fibres extends throughout the mesenchyme of the penis papilla, albeit much more faintly developed. The epithelium of the penis papilla is underlain by a well-developed layer of circular muscle.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5822877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822877/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" startId="2.[569,582,1010,1031]" targetBox="[438,785,287,967]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[235,959,1009,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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FIG. 1 Cleared specimen of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[440,664,1040,1062]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
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<emphasis box="[440,664,1040,1062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Dendrocoelum nekoum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, viewed from the ventral side.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1059,1094,1662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">The two oviducts join to form a common oviduct immediately dorsally to the most posterior section of the male atrium, which receives the opening of the common oviduct at its most postero-dorsal section. The common oviduct and the posteriormost sections of the oviducts receive the secretion of erythrophil shell glands. Oviducts and common oviduct are lined with cuboidal cells; those of the common oviduct are nucleated, while the cells of the oviducts are infranucleated.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1059,1094,1662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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A large copulatory bursa is situated directly posterior to the pharyngeal pocket. A long and somewhat undulating bursal canal connects it with the common atrium. The bursal canal is lined with a nucleated epithelium and is surrounded by a well-developed subepithelial layer of circular muscles, followed by a thin layer of longitudinal muscles (
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<figureCitation box="[145,208,1638,1662]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[584,597,713,734]" captionTargetBox="[160,1072,235,689]" captionTargetId="figure-673@3.[153,1074,226,706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2 Dendrocoelum nekoum. Holotype. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822879/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822879" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5822879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822879/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" startId="3.[584,597,713,734]" targetBox="[160,1072,235,689]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[197,1028,712,764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
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FIG. 2
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[197,420,742,764]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
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<emphasis box="[197,420,742,764]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Dendrocoelum nekoum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Holotype. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5822881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822881/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" startId="3.[584,597,1266,1287]" targetBox="[155,1048,797,1238]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[239,985,1265,1318]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
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FIG. 3
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[239,463,1296,1318]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
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<emphasis box="[239,463,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Dendrocoelum nekoum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Holotype. Sagittal reconstruction of the adenodactyl.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1074,1344,1593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
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A well-developed musculo-glandular organ or adenodactyl is located underneath the posterior half of the male atrium. This adenodactyl consists of a highly muscular bulb, consisting of strong, intermingled layers of muscle fibres, and a conical papilla (
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<figureCitation box="[241,308,1440,1464]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[584,597,713,734]" captionTargetBox="[160,1072,235,689]" captionTargetId="figure-673@3.[153,1074,226,706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2 Dendrocoelum nekoum. Holotype. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822879/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[323,336,1440,1464]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[584,597,1266,1287]" captionTargetBox="[155,1048,797,1238]" captionTargetId="figure-756@3.[151,1070,793,1252]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 3 Dendrocoelum nekoum. Holotype. Sagittal reconstruction of the adenodactyl." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822881/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">3</figureCitation>
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). The papilla is provided with a distinct lumen and its mesenchyme is traversed by a relatively thick, pale blue staining layer of circular muscle fibres that is both dorsally and ventrally bounded by a single layer of longitudinal muscle fibres.This condition is similar to the Balkan
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<typeStatus box="[631,677,1537,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">type</typeStatus>
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of adenodactyl recently described by
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<bibRefCitation author="HARRATH, A. H. & SLUYS, R. & GHLALA, A. & ALWASEL, S." box="[151,372,1568,1593]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Harrath" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cave and Karst Studies" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" refId="ref2695" refString="HARRATH, A. H., SLUYS, R., GHLALA, A. & ALWASEL, S. 2012. The first subterranean freshwater planarians from North Africa, with an analysis of adenodactyl structure in the genus Dendrocoelum (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dendrocoelidae). Journal of Cave and Karst Studies. (In press)." title="The first subterranean freshwater planarians from North Africa, with an analysis of adenodactyl structure in the genus Dendrocoelum (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dendrocoelidae)" type="book" year="2012">
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Harrath
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<emphasis box="[240,287,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">et al</emphasis>
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. (2012)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1073,1606,1662]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1059,1382,1662]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
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DISCUSSION: The gross morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[650,766,1606,1630]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[650,766,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">D. nekoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in particular its characteristic penial flagellum, resembles only three other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[825,982,1638,1662]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[825,982,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Dendrocoelum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">D. hercynicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FLOSSNER, D." box="[234,393,1382,1406]" firstAuthor="Flossner" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" pagination="302 - 306" part="163" refId="ref2553" refString="FLOSSNER, D. 1959. Dendrocoelum hercynicum nov. spec., eine neue Triklade (Turbellaria) aus dem Grundwasser Sachsens. Zoologischer Anzeiger 163: 302 - 306." title="Dendrocoelum hercynicum nov. spec., eine neue Triklade (Turbellaria) aus dem Grundwasser Sachsens" type="journal article" year="1959">Flössner, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Codreanu, 1943" authorityName="Codreanu" authorityYear="1943" box="[410,727,1382,1406]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clujanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[410,545,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">D. clujanum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CODREANU, R." box="[554,727,1382,1406]" firstAuthor="Codreanu" journalOrPublisher="Analele Academiei Romane, Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" pagination="135 - 158" part="18" refId="ref2463" refString="CODREANU, R. 1943. Dendrocoelum (sous-genre Dendrocoelides) clujanum n. sp. nouveau Triclade souterrain de Transsylvanie. Analele Academiei Romane, Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice, ser. III, 18: 135 - 158 + 4 pls" title="Dendrocoelum (sous-genre Dendrocoelides) clujanum n. sp. nouveau Triclade souterrain de Transsylvanie" type="journal article" year="1943">Codreanu, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Codreanu & Balcesco, 1967" authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[745,915,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CODREANU, R. & BALCESCO, D." firstAuthor="Codreanu" journalOrPublisher="Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Serie Zoologie" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" pagination="337 - 349" part="12" refId="ref2505" refString="CODREANU, R. & BALCESCO, D. 1967. Sur les rapports entre les sous-genres Paradendrocoelum Kenk 1930 et Dendrocoelides De Beauchamp 1919 d'apres les especes obscuricoles du Banat et de l'Oltenie. Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Serie Zoologie 12: 337 - 349." title="Sur les rapports entre les sous-genres Paradendrocoelum Kenk 1930 et Dendrocoelides De Beauchamp 1919 d'apres les especes obscuricoles du Banat et de l'Oltenie" type="journal article" year="1967">Codreanu & Balcesco, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822909" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5822909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822909/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" startId="4.[569,582,1229,1250]" targetBox="[137,1044,275,1198]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,1059,1228,1332]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
|
||
FIG. 4
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Flossner" authorityYear="1959" box="[136,399,1259,1281]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hercynicum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[136,399,1259,1281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Dendrocoelum hercynicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[414,493,1259,1281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
(Museum für Naturkunde 10436b). (A) Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. (B) Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory bursa and bursal canal; exact opening of common oviduct into the atrium could not be observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,1059,1382,1662]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1074,1062,1662]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Flossner" authorityYear="1959" box="[212,499,1446,1470]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hercynicum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[212,499,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Dendrocoelum hercynicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[565,652,1446,1470]" country="Germany" name="Sachsen" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Sachsen</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[668,767,1446,1470]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
) has been described with a very long, inverted penial flagellum, the tip of the latter being swollen and thus suggesting a structure similar to the flagellum of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[640,757,1510,1534]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[640,757,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">D. nekoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FLOSSNER, D." box="[811,969,1510,1534]" firstAuthor="Flossner" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" pagination="302 - 306" part="163" refId="ref2553" refString="FLOSSNER, D. 1959. Dendrocoelum hercynicum nov. spec., eine neue Triklade (Turbellaria) aus dem Grundwasser Sachsens. Zoologischer Anzeiger 163: 302 - 306." title="Dendrocoelum hercynicum nov. spec., eine neue Triklade (Turbellaria) aus dem Grundwasser Sachsens" type="journal article" year="1959">Flössner, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4). For comparative studies I have sectioned a
|
||
<typeStatus box="[604,687,1543,1567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Flossner" authorityYear="1959" box="[832,989,1542,1566]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hercynicum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,989,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">D. hercynicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since no histological material of this species was available. Examination of this specimen confirmed the presence of an extremely long and inverted flagellum, albeit that the tip did not show the swelling as depicted by Flössner (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[689,771,1638,1662]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[569,582,1229,1250]" captionTargetBox="[137,1044,275,1198]" captionTargetId="figure-612@4.[136,1056,228,1211]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 4 Dendrocoelum hercynicum. Syntype (Museum für Naturkunde 10436b). (A) Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. (B) Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory bursa and bursal canal; exact opening of common oviduct into the atrium could not be observed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822909/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Evidently, this flagellum is highly different from the short one in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[592,709,1062,1086]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[592,709,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. nekoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the bursal canal of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Flossner" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,311,1094,1118]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hercynicum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,311,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. hercynicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows many lateral undulations, as noticed also by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FLOSSNER, D." box="[903,1066,1094,1118]" firstAuthor="Flossner" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" pagination="302 - 306" part="163" refId="ref2553" refString="FLOSSNER, D. 1959. Dendrocoelum hercynicum nov. spec., eine neue Triklade (Turbellaria) aus dem Grundwasser Sachsens. Zoologischer Anzeiger 163: 302 - 306." title="Dendrocoelum hercynicum nov. spec., eine neue Triklade (Turbellaria) aus dem Grundwasser Sachsens" type="journal article" year="1959">Flössner (1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4), which are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[447,563,1126,1150]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[447,563,1126,1150]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. nekoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[579,660,1126,1150]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[569,582,1229,1250]" captionTargetBox="[137,1044,275,1198]" captionTargetId="figure-612@4.[136,1056,228,1211]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 4 Dendrocoelum hercynicum. Syntype (Museum für Naturkunde 10436b). (A) Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. (B) Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory bursa and bursal canal; exact opening of common oviduct into the atrium could not be observed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822909/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5822883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822883/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" startId="5.[584,597,953,974]" targetBox="[154,1072,227,914]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1074,952,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
FIG. 5
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,421,983,1005]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,421,983,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Dendrocoelum stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHN AJ 275-276). Microphotograph of flagellum on the penis papilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1074,1062,1662]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
After examination of the descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu" authorityYear="1943" box="[661,793,1158,1182]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clujanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[661,793,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. clujanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[845,1013,1158,1182]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[845,1013,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[211,321,1190,1214]" name="Romania" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Roumania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, one can only conclude that these nominal species are very similar, if not the same. The only structural difference concerns the solely dorsal testes in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Codreanu, 1943)" baseAuthorityName="Codreanu" baseAuthorityYear="1943" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clujanum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. clujanum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CODREANU, R." box="[234,404,1254,1278]" firstAuthor="Codreanu" journalOrPublisher="Analele Academiei Romane, Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" pagination="135 - 158" part="18" refId="ref2463" refString="CODREANU, R. 1943. Dendrocoelum (sous-genre Dendrocoelides) clujanum n. sp. nouveau Triclade souterrain de Transsylvanie. Analele Academiei Romane, Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice, ser. III, 18: 135 - 158 + 4 pls" title="Dendrocoelum (sous-genre Dendrocoelides) clujanum n. sp. nouveau Triclade souterrain de Transsylvanie" type="journal article" year="1943">Codreanu, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the situation in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[633,801,1254,1278]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[633,801,1254,1278]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which the testes occur throughout the dorso-ventral space. Both species have an elongated penis papilla provided with a distally distinctly widened penial lumen. In addition, the tip of the penis is provided with a swelling resembling the flagellum of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[750,866,1350,1374]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[750,866,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. nekoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, the type material of both
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Codreanu" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[394,529,1382,1406]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clujanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[394,529,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. clujanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[587,758,1382,1406]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[587,758,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not available for study. However, I have been able to re-examine
|
||
<typeStatus box="[619,721,1414,1438]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gourbault, 1968" authorityName="Gourbault" authorityYear="1968" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dumitrescuae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[763,1074,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Dendrocoelum dumitrescuae</emphasis>
|
||
Gourbault, 1968
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[589,762,1446,1470]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[589,762,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the material of which was collected from the same cave as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[502,670,1478,1502]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[502,670,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1074,1062,1662]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
The microphotographs in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="GOURBAULT, N." box="[518,700,1510,1534]" firstAuthor="Gourbault" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Speleologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" pagination="803 - 813" part="22" refId="ref2585" refString="GOURBAULT, N. 1967. Triclades obscuricoles de Roumanie. 2) Dendrocoelides de Dobroudja et d'Oltenie. Annales de Speleologie 22: 803 - 813." title="Triclades obscuricoles de Roumanie. 2) Dendrocoelides de Dobroudja et d'Oltenie" type="journal article" year="1967">Gourbault (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, plate II, E) already suggested a penis structure, notably a flagellum, very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[843,967,1542,1566]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">D. nekoum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[989,1057,1542,1566]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[584,597,953,974]" captionTargetBox="[154,1072,227,914]" captionTargetId="figure-1259@5.[151,1074,226,930]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 5 Dendrocoelum stenophallus (MNHN AJ 275-276). Microphotograph of flagellum on the penis papilla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5822883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5822883/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="GOURBAULT, N." box="[151,330,1574,1598]" firstAuthor="Gourbault" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Speleologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" pagination="803 - 813" part="22" refId="ref2585" refString="GOURBAULT, N. 1967. Triclades obscuricoles de Roumanie. 2) Dendrocoelides de Dobroudja et d'Oltenie. Annales de Speleologie 22: 803 - 813." title="Triclades obscuricoles de Roumanie. 2) Dendrocoelides de Dobroudja et d'Oltenie" type="journal article" year="1967">Gourbault (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 812) doubted whether this flagellum could be inverted, due to a lack of sufficient musculature. My observation on
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[717,836,1606,1630]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[717,836,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">D. nekoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above) suggests indeed a non-inversible or non-eversible flagellum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1059,227,987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CODREANU, R. & BALCESCO, D." box="[212,531,227,251]" firstAuthor="Codreanu" journalOrPublisher="Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Serie Zoologie" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" pagination="337 - 349" part="12" refId="ref2505" refString="CODREANU, R. & BALCESCO, D. 1967. Sur les rapports entre les sous-genres Paradendrocoelum Kenk 1930 et Dendrocoelides De Beauchamp 1919 d'apres les especes obscuricoles du Banat et de l'Oltenie. Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Serie Zoologie 12: 337 - 349." title="Sur les rapports entre les sous-genres Paradendrocoelum Kenk 1930 et Dendrocoelides De Beauchamp 1919 d'apres les especes obscuricoles du Banat et de l'Oltenie" type="journal article" year="1967">Codreanu & Balcesco (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[692,862,227,251]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[692,862,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the presence of a muscular sphincter between male and common atrium. However, specimen
|
||
<collectionCode box="[934,964,259,283]" country="Japan" name="Central Research Laboratories" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">AJ</collectionCode>
|
||
275-276 shows no sphincter in this region. It is only the case that the circular musculature around the vaginal region of the bursal canal is somewhat more developed than on other parts of the canal, a condition that was also described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="GOURBAULT, N." box="[869,1051,355,379]" firstAuthor="Gourbault" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Speleologie" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" pagination="803 - 813" part="22" refId="ref2585" refString="GOURBAULT, N. 1967. Triclades obscuricoles de Roumanie. 2) Dendrocoelides de Dobroudja et d'Oltenie. Annales de Speleologie 22: 803 - 813." title="Triclades obscuricoles de Roumanie. 2) Dendrocoelides de Dobroudja et d'Oltenie" type="journal article" year="1967">Gourbault (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 810).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1059,227,987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
A difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[446,562,419,443]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[446,562,419,443]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. nekoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[614,781,419,443]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[614,781,419,443]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resides in the distribution of the testes along the axis of the body. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[599,768,451,475]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[599,768,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the anteriormost testes are also far removed from the brain and the ovaries, i.e. located at one-half of the distance between the brain and the root of the pharynx, similar to the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[935,1052,515,539]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[935,1052,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. nekoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[283,455,547,571]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[283,455,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the follicles extend to the posterior end of the body, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[259,375,579,603]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[259,375,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. nekoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they reach to the level of the gonopore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1059,227,987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
Another difference concerns the position of the ovaries. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[850,1018,611,635]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[850,1018,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the ovaries are located at about 1/8
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[472,489,639,658]" fontSize="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">th</superScript>
|
||
of the distance between the brain and the root of the pharynx, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[358,474,675,699]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[358,474,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. nekoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the gonads are situated at 1/4
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[791,808,671,690]" fontSize="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">th</superScript>
|
||
of this distance. For
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Codreanu" baseAuthorityYear="1943" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clujanum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. clujanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is also described that the testes extend into the posterior end of the body (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CODREANU, R." box="[145,316,739,763]" firstAuthor="Codreanu" journalOrPublisher="Analele Academiei Romane, Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" pagination="135 - 158" part="18" refId="ref2463" refString="CODREANU, R. 1943. Dendrocoelum (sous-genre Dendrocoelides) clujanum n. sp. nouveau Triclade souterrain de Transsylvanie. Analele Academiei Romane, Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice, ser. III, 18: 135 - 158 + 4 pls" title="Dendrocoelum (sous-genre Dendrocoelides) clujanum n. sp. nouveau Triclade souterrain de Transsylvanie" type="journal article" year="1943">Codreanu, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1059,227,987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
In view of these small differences and the fact that the subterranean Roumanian localities of both
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Codreanu" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[327,461,803,827]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clujanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[327,461,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. clujanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[517,686,803,827]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[517,686,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are far removed and, presumably, completely isolated from Swiss caves, it is here proposed that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sluys & Zma" authorityYear="2012" box="[807,924,835,859]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nekoum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[807,924,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. nekoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents a new species. The geographic argument lends some strength from the observation that subterranean forms, in general, have a restricted distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="GOURBAULT, N." box="[800,975,899,923]" editor="Juberthie, C. & Decu, V." firstAuthor="Gourbault" journalOrPublisher="CNRS, Academie Roumaine, Moulis, Bucarest" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" pagination="41 - 44" refId="ref2647" refString="GOURBAULT, N. 1994. Turbellaria, Tricladida (pp. 41 - 44). In: Juberthie, C. & Decu, V. (eds). Encyclopaedia Biospeologica, vol. I, CNRS, Academie Roumaine, Moulis, Bucarest." title="Turbellaria, Tricladida" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Encyclopaedia Biospeologica, vol. I" year="1994">Gourbault, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, the new species forms the third member of a group of sibling species of which the two other members are
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Codreanu & Balcesco" authorityYear="1967" box="[343,511,963,987]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stenophallus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[343,511,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. stenophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Codreanu" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[564,697,963,987]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clujanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[564,697,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">D. clujanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |