treatments-xml/data/77/08/F1/7708F17AB805E53B63F1FCA66190F88B.xml
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<document id="C29DA02A45D4A28E32AA88B1E01CBA9E" ID-CLB-Dataset="25823" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4662.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7070ef91-15db-4b7e-a87d-72e7b0bdb192" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3383448" ID-ZooBank="366A1E81-946C-4ED4-8A65-C51151FE87CC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1567407246790" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lavigne, Robert J. &amp; Dennis, Steve" docDate="2019" docId="7708F17AB805E53B63F1FCA66190F88B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4662.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4662 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pogonioefferia frewingi Wilcox" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="8B318902B822E51C6366FF98636CFF5F" masterDocTitle="Robber flies (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) of Wyoming, USA with keys to genera and species" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698754079079" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B762ED5866728FF1569CE4E64D36AFBE">Robber flies (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) of Wyoming, USA with keys to genera and species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8E96516F15C9A3A1A999C82A41F6C576" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="031BD21D2328EE95DF8A6619DAD3876F">Lavigne, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B5F9B41EF40D37FBB9ECC6F9E3227DE">Dennis, Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3045B7E7D547144BE50820AE3B968AE7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A887D4F48C453FA47A50E83440B99C58">
<mods:date id="C4E137E7A6FBD6625536B3B37B683733">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EDD1649D126380076E65D54530FD1313">2019-08-30</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A58E127905D7EAADC27E6B2E0ABA3FD8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="7708F17AB805E53B63F1FCA66190F88B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159348924" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7708F17AB805E53B63F1FCA66190F88B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7708F17AB805E53B63F1FCA66190F88B" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="B7BB13E7B805E53B63F1FCA66174FC06" box="[151,536,830,857]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB805E53B63F1FCA66174FC06" blockId="39.[151,536,830,857]" box="[151,536,830,857]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="A456F700B805E53B63F1FCA66174FC06" bold="true" box="[151,536,830,857]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B63F1FCA66174FC06" authority="(Wilcox)" authorityName="Wilcox" baseAuthorityName="Wilcox" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[151,536,830,857]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Pogonioefferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B63F1FCA66174FC06" bold="true" box="[151,536,830,857]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B63F1FCA662C6FC06" bold="true" box="[151,426,830,857]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pogonioefferia frewingi</emphasis>
(Wilcox)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B7BB13E7B805E53B63F1FC1C6161FCC3" box="[151,525,899,924]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB805E53B63F1FC1C6161FCC3" blockId="39.[151,525,899,924]" box="[151,525,899,924]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DFB16742B805E53B63F1FC1C6161FCC3" box="[151,525,899,924]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B63F1FC1C6165FCC3" ID-CoL="38TTC" authority="Wilcox, 1966 b: 169" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityPageNumber="169" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,521,899,924]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B63F1FC1C625BFCC3" box="[151,311,900,924]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="7E00667DB805E53B625BFC1B6165FCC3" author="Wilcox, J." box="[317,521,899,924]" page="169" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B625BFC1B6165FCC3" author="Wilcox, J." box="[317,521,899,924]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="85 - 234" refId="ref108529" refString="Wilcox, J. (1966 b) Efferia Coquillett in America north of Mexico. (Diptera: Asilidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 34, 85 - 234." type="journal article" year="1966">Wilcox, 1966b: 169</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B7BB13E7B805E53B63F1FC516190F88B" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB805E53B63F1FC5167F7FBE3" blockId="39.[151,1437,969,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B63F1FC5162D4FCBB" bold="true" box="[151,440,969,996]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Recognition characters:</emphasis>
Grayish black species; length
<quantity id="3859ED89B805E53B6079FC5260F3FCBB" box="[799,927,970,996]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="14.0">1421 mm</quantity>
; mystax with black bristles intermixed with white setae; bristles and setae of mesonotum mostly black, postpronotal setae white anteriorly, black posteriorly, supraalar setae white; meral bristles white; scutellar setae mixed white and black, marginal bristles black in males; abdominal segments 25 black setae dorsocentrally, segments 6 and 7 silvery white pollinose; legs black except fore- and mid-tibiae with basal anterior half brown. Can be differentiated from both
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B6723FBC367D4FB2B" baseAuthorityName="Bromley" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1093,1208,1114,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Pogonioefferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B6723FBC367D4FB2B" box="[1093,1208,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B6788FBC36615FB2B" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[1262,1401,1114,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicaudata">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B6788FBC36615FB2B" box="[1262,1401,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. bicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the position of the discal crossvein which is opposite the forking of the third longitudinal vein in
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B67B6FBE7662BFBC7" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[1232,1351,1150,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B67B6FBE7662BFBC7" box="[1232,1351,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as by the structure of the male basistyle in which the arms are of equal length in
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B677AFB3B67F8FBE3" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[1052,1172,1186,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B677AFB3B67F8FBE3" box="[1052,1172,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB805E53B63A1FB5D660CF9EB" blockId="39.[151,1437,969,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B63A1FB5D620FFBBF" bold="true" box="[199,355,1221,1248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution:</emphasis>
ALBANY: Chimney Rock
<quantity id="3859ED89B805E53B61C6FB5E6185FBBF" box="[672,745,1222,1248]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
SW of Laramie,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B60D4FB5E6755FBBF" box="[946,1081,1222,1248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1964-10-08">8 Oct. 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B672CFB5E6712FBBF" box="[1098,1150,1222,1248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
); Laramie,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B6667FB5E66F0FBBF" box="[1281,1436,1222,1248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1964-08-10">10 Aug. 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B63F9FB7263A9FA5B" box="[159,197,1258,1284]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">PG</collectionCode>
); Laramie, numerous records,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B6178FB716073FA5B" box="[542,799,1257,1284]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1973-08-25" valueMax="1973-09-14" valueMin="1973-08-25">25 Aug.14 Sept. 1973</date>
(
<collectingRegion id="3D658E8EB805E53B6049FB72603BFA5B" box="[815,855,1258,1284]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">SD</collectingRegion>
); Pole Mtn.,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B608EFB726719FA5B" box="[1000,1141,1258,1284]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1971-09-06">6 Sept. 1971</date>
(
<collectingRegion id="3D658E8EB805E53B67E3FB7267C1FA5B" box="[1157,1197,1258,1284]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">SD</collectingRegion>
). BIG HORN:
<quantity id="3859ED89B805E53B6630FB7266F0FA5B" box="[1366,1436,1258,1284]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
from junction of Rte. 120 and local road to Burlington,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B619BFA9660FFFA77" box="[765,915,1294,1320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1963-08-22">22 Aug. 1963</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B60C7FA9660B8FA77" box="[929,980,1294,1320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B60B9FA966763FA77" box="[991,1039,1294,1320]" country="0" name="Scientific Research Centre" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Herbarium">LJS</collectionCode>
); Greybull,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B67F4FA966671FA77" box="[1170,1309,1294,1320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1963-09-07">7 Sept. 1963</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B664AFA96660CFA77" box="[1324,1376,1294,1320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
),
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B6614FA966262FA13" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1965-09-06" valueMax="1965-09-09" valueMin="1965-09-06">69 Sept. 1965</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B627AFAAA623CFA13" box="[284,336,1330,1356]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
). CARBON: Baggs,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B6150FAAA61ADFA13" box="[566,705,1329,1356]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1959-09-02">2 Sept. 1959</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B61A8FAAA6063FA13" box="[718,783,1330,1356]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">WDF</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B607EFAAA6039FA13" box="[792,853,1330,1356]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">DGF</collectionCode>
); Rawlins,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B60B6FAA96709FA13" box="[976,1125,1329,1356]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1971-08-25">25 Aug. 1971</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6715FAAA67CBFA13" box="[1139,1191,1330,1356]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
); Savery,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B6674FAAA66F0FA13" box="[1298,1436,1330,1356]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1963-09-02">2 Sept. 1963</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B63F9FACE6388FA2F" box="[159,228,1366,1392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">WDF</collectionCode>
). FREMONT:
<quantity id="3859ED89B805E53B62EFFACE62BCFA2F" box="[393,464,1366,1392]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
S of Shoshoni, numerous records,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B6031FACE6097FA2F" box="[855,1019,1366,1392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">16 July4 Oct.</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B676FFACE6750FA2F" box="[1033,1084,1366,1392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6721FACE6716FA2F" box="[1095,1146,1366,1392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">KJS</collectionCode>
); Gas Hills Rd., Riverton,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B63F1FAE2625CFACB" box="[151,304,1402,1428]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1962-09-18">18 Sept. 1962</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6258FAE2621EFACB" box="[318,370,1402,1428]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
); Shoshoni,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B629CFAE261FCFACB" box="[506,656,1402,1428]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1974-08-31">31 Aug. 1974</date>
(
<collectingRegion id="3D658E8EB805E53B61F9FAE261ABFACB" box="[671,711,1402,1428]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">SD</collectingRegion>
),
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B61BCFAE26008FACB" box="[730,868,1402,1428]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1963-09-09">9 Sept. 1963</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6014FAE260CAFACB" box="[882,934,1402,1428]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
),
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B60DFFAE2672FFACB" box="[953,1091,1402,1428]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1967-09-06">6 Sept. 1967</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6734FAE267EAFACB" box="[1106,1158,1402,1428]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
). HOT SPRINGS: Dutch Nick Flats, Big Horn Basin,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B62B8FA066117FAE7" box="[478,635,1438,1464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1962-09-19">19 Sept. 1962</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B61EDFA0661D3FAE7" box="[651,703,1438,1464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
). LINCOLN: Opal,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B60C3FA066753FAE7" box="[933,1087,1438,1464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1963-08-20">20 Aug. 1963</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6729FA0667EEFAE7" box="[1103,1154,1438,1464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B67E9FA0667D3FAE7" box="[1167,1215,1438,1464]" country="0" name="Scientific Research Centre" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Herbarium">LJS</collectionCode>
). PARK: N Fork of Shoshone River, Rte. 14 and 20 crossing,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B6113FA5A607CFA83" box="[629,784,1474,1500]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1963-08-21">21 Aug. 1963</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6046FA5A603FFA83" box="[800,851,1474,1500]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6039FA5A60E3FA83" box="[863,911,1474,1500]" country="0" name="Scientific Research Centre" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Herbarium">LJS</collectionCode>
). PLATTE: Chugwater,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B67C4FA5A6650FA83" box="[1186,1340,1473,1500]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1954-08-30">30 Aug. 1954</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B662AFA5A66FDFA83" box="[1356,1425,1474,1500]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">WDF</collectionCode>
). TETON: Grand Teton Nat. Pk., Chapel of Transfiguration,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B6050FA7E60BCF95F" box="[822,976,1510,1536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1963-08-21">21 Aug. 1963</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6087FA7E6778F95F" box="[993,1044,1510,1536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6746FA7E6723F95F" box="[1056,1103,1510,1536]" country="0" name="Scientific Research Centre" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Herbarium">LJS</collectionCode>
), Grand Teton National Park,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B63F1F9926242F97B" box="[151,302,1546,1572]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1971-08-10">10 Aug. 1971</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B625BF992621DF97B" box="[317,369,1546,1572]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
), Jenny Lake,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B6174F99261C5F97B" box="[530,681,1546,1572]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1963-08-21">21 Aug. 1963</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B61DEF9926187F97B" box="[696,747,1546,1572]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6190F9926049F97B" box="[758,805,1546,1572]" country="0" name="Scientific Research Centre" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Herbarium">LJS</collectionCode>
), Teton Overlook,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B6090F99267E1F97B" box="[1014,1165,1546,1572]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1964-08-14">14 Aug. 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B67FAF99267A3F97B" box="[1180,1231,1546,1572]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B67BCF9926679F97B" box="[1242,1301,1546,1572]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FRH</collectionCode>
); Jackson,
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B66E8F9926260F917" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1964-08-08">8 Aug. 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B627FF9B66221F917" box="[281,333,1582,1608]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">RJL</collectionCode>
),
<date id="8B1F66ACB805E53B6239F9B6629FF917" box="[351,499,1582,1608]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1964-08-14">14Aug. 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B805E53B6166F9B66150F917" box="[512,572,1582,1608]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FRH</collectionCode>
). Recorded from
<collectingRegion id="3D658E8EB805E53B619FF9B6600BF917" box="[761,871,1582,1608]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
by:
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B60F0F9B667DDF917" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S." box="[918,1201,1581,1608]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="992 - 996" refId="ref105187" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S. (1975) Ethology of Efferia frewingi (Diptera: Asilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68, 992 - 996. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 68.6.992" type="journal article" year="1975">Dennis &amp; Lavigne (1975)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B67BBF9B666E0F917" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[1245,1420,1582,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B67BBF9B666E0F917" box="[1245,1420,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), (1976b) (pupal case; as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B62C1F9CA6135F933" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[423,601,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B62C1F9CA6135F933" box="[423,601,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), (2007) (as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B618AF9CA60F2F933" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[748,926,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B618AF9CA60F2F933" box="[748,926,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B60DEF9CA67F7F933" author="Dennis, D. S. &amp; Barnes, J. K. &amp; Knutson, L." box="[952,1179,1618,1644]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref101987" refString="Dennis, D. S., Barnes, J. K. &amp; Knutson, L. (2008) Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae). Zootaxa, 1868, 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="2008">
Dennis
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B6769F9CB6724F933" box="[1039,1096,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
(pupal case; as
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B6634F9CA661FF933" box="[1362,1395,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Eff</emphasis>
eria frewingi), (2009, 2010) (as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B62A8F9EE61ECF9CF" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[462,640,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B62A8F9EE61ECF9CF" box="[462,640,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B61FEF9EE60E1F9CF" author="Geller-Grimm, F." box="[664,909,1654,1680]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref103221" refString="Geller-Grimm, F. (2018) Robber flies (Asilidae), database, catalog of species. Available from: http: / www. geller-grimm. de / catalog / species. htm (accessed 23 March 2018)" type="book" year="2018">Geller-Grimm (2018)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B60FFF9EE672BF9CF" author="Lavigne, R. J." box="[921,1095,1654,1680]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref104787" refString="Lavigne, R. J. (1992) Orthoptera as prey of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) - new records. Metalepta, 14, 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1992">Lavigne (1992)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B6710F9EE6644F9CF" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[1142,1320,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B6710F9EE6644F9CF" box="[1142,1320,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B6626F9EE6239F9EB" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="992 - 996" refId="ref105187" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S. (1975) Ethology of Efferia frewingi (Diptera: Asilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68, 992 - 996. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 68.6.992" type="journal article" year="1975">Lavigne &amp; Dennis (1975)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B62E2F9026158F9EB" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[388,564,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B62E2F9026158F9EB" box="[388,564,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), (1994; as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B61DCF9026007F9EB" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[698,875,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B61DCF9026007F9EB" box="[698,875,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B60E2F902671CF9EB" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Pogue, M. &amp; Stephens, G." box="[900,1136,1690,1716]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="454 - 456" refId="ref105725" refString="Lavigne, R. J., Pogue, M. &amp; Stephens, G. (1980) Use of marked insects to demonstrate multiple mating in Efferia frewingi (Diptera: Asilidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 82, 454 - 456." type="journal article" year="1980">
Lavigne
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B6080F9036773F9EB" box="[998,1055,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
(1980)
</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B67F9F9026623F9EB" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[1183,1359,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B67F9F9026623F9EB" box="[1183,1359,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB805E53B63A1F92567C4F87F" blockId="39.[151,1437,969,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B63A1F9256240F987" bold="true" box="[199,300,1725,1752]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Habitat:</emphasis>
Saltbrush-greasewood shrub, sagebrush steppe and wheatgrass-needlegrass shrub steppe shrub and grassland, and grama-needlegrass-wheatgrass vegetation
<typeStatus id="201AFECEB805E53B6079F97A6032F9A3" box="[799,862,1762,1788]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">types</typeStatus>
. Open rangeland, big sagebrush (
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B67BDF97A63AFF87F" authorityName="Nutt." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B67BDF97A63AFF87F" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Artemisia tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), blue grama grass (
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B62CEF89E676EF87E" authority="(Wild. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths" authorityName="Lag. ex Griffiths" baseAuthorityName="Lag. Wild. ex Kunth Griffiths" box="[424,1026,1798,1825]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bouteloua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B62CEF89E6114F87F" box="[424,632,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bouteloua gracilis</emphasis>
(Wild. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths
</taxonomicName>
) communities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB805E53B63A1F8B26122F837" blockId="39.[151,1437,969,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B63A1F8B26250F81B" bold="true" box="[199,316,1834,1860]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ethology:</emphasis>
Rests on and forages from soil and grasses [see
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B6038F8B2671CF81B" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S." box="[862,1136,1833,1860]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="992 - 996" refId="ref105187" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S. (1975) Ethology of Efferia frewingi (Diptera: Asilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68, 992 - 996. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 68.6.992" type="journal article" year="1975">Lavigne &amp; Dennis 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B671AF8B2663BF81B" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Pogue, M. &amp; Stephens, G." box="[1148,1367,1834,1860]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="454 - 456" refId="ref105725" refString="Lavigne, R. J., Pogue, M. &amp; Stephens, G. (1980) Use of marked insects to demonstrate multiple mating in Efferia frewingi (Diptera: Asilidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 82, 454 - 456." type="journal article" year="1980">
Lavigne
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B67B9F8B36674F81B" box="[1247,1304,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
1980
</bibRefCitation>
(multiple mating), both as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B62EAF8D66151F837" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[396,573,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B62EAF8D66151F837" box="[396,573,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB805E53B63A1F8EA6190F88B" blockId="39.[151,1437,969,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B63A1F8EA6264F8D3" bold="true" box="[199,264,1906,1932]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Prey:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B6277F8EA62A6F8D3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[273,458,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">COLEOPTERA</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B62BEF8EA613DF8D3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[472,593,1906,1932]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="order">DIPTERA</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B6138F8EA6742F8D3" authority="(Heteroptera, Homoptera)" baseAuthorityName="Heteroptera, Homoptera" box="[606,1070,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">HEMIPTERA (Heteroptera, Homoptera)</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B675AF8EA667FF8D3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1084,1299,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">HYMENOPTERA</taxonomicName>
, LEPIDOP- TERA, NEUROPTERA,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B62DEF80E6102F8EF" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[440,622,1942,1968]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">ORTHOPTERA</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B61CAF80E60AEF8EF" author="Dennis, D. S. &amp; Lavigne, R. J." box="[684,962,1942,1968]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="23 - 42" refId="ref102364" refString="Dennis, D. S. &amp; Lavigne, R. J. (2007) Hymenoptera as prey of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) with new prey records. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 9, 23 - 42." type="journal article" year="2007">Dennis &amp; Lavigne 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B60A9F80E67C8F8EF" author="Dennis, D. S. &amp; Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G." box="[975,1188,1942,1968]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="71 - 84" refId="ref102466" refString="Dennis, D. S., Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G. (2009) Lepidoptera as prey of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) with unpublished records. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 11, 71 - 84." type="journal article" year="2009">
Dennis
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B6741F80F670CF8EF" box="[1063,1120,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B67D6F80E6780F8EF" author="Dennis, D. S. &amp; Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G." box="[1200,1260,1942,1968]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref102517" refString="Dennis, D. S., Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G. (2010) Hemiptera (Heteroptera / Homoptera) as prey of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) with unpublished records. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 12, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B679EF80E66FBF8EF" author="Lavigne, R. J." box="[1272,1431,1942,1968]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref104787" refString="Lavigne, R. J. (1992) Orthoptera as prey of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) - new records. Metalepta, 14, 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1992">Lavigne 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB805E53B63F1F82262C4F88B" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S." box="[151,424,1977,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="992 - 996" refId="ref105187" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S. (1975) Ethology of Efferia frewingi (Diptera: Asilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68, 992 - 996. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 68.6.992" type="journal article" year="1975">Lavigne &amp; Dennis 1975</bibRefCitation>
, 1994, all as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB805E53B615CF8226187F88B" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[570,747,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB805E53B615CF8226187F88B" box="[570,747,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>