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<document id="9359EB0BA541BDA0AA5835F41286D998" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a850022-3fbc-4643-a17a-8f7bca314619" ModsDocID="20017" checkinTime="1252781348276" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Wilson, E. O." docDate="2003" docId="4FE06F09DE84413BBB8047ACB780911B" docLanguage="en" docName="20017_p_and_more_group_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017" docTitle="Pheidole inquilina" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="580" masterDocId="73EDC9C5AB0725CB6B0DF69F187F7798" masterDocTitle="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." pageNumber="580" updateTime="1701311082057" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AA127977B21495FD8C17886EFF89FDAD">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A274727C77644FCEAA76141696AFB20E">Wilson, E. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="4AB6CF8A3B71178794FF560E5590C9FD">2003</mods:dateIssued>
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<treatment id="4FE06F09DE84413BBB8047ACB780911B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274298" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274298" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4FE06F09DE84413BBB8047ACB780911B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4FE06F09DE84413BBB8047ACB780911B" lastPageNumber="580" pageNumber="580">
<subSubSection id="1C806D6C937907CF065A0F2B0F66C641" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B7D3FCFACD090871F69AB27042C010C9" pageNumber="580">
<taxonomicName id="E4BC2C01F364A119AF83EE4114FAB43F" ID-CoL="4FYDZ" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquilina">Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="978EE0291111C9C83A29DBC8F6193AFB" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="34562301E50FBF1D2FF23835C33B7AEA" pageNumber="580">
Epipheidole
<taxonomicName id="2BE6F4FAFBF6B58858681B48EA9C9372" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquilina">inquilina Wheeler</taxonomicName>
1903h: 664. Combination m
<taxonomicName id="30A007B99924062393479DBCDC1D757E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole Westwood" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
by Cole 1965: 174.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C0B00DD78E28634A7D23092EF58C6B1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DE292617B496FA4BD26EA64B282B30B9" pageNumber="580">Types Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8F9293B451F8D60D297A2EF882D06DC4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="FF535E86464AB9973273C839B07AA321" pageNumber="580">
etymology L
<taxonomicName id="158F422FF68F5D934059E21D6D6CDAFD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquilina">inquilina</taxonomicName>
, temporary guest, lodger.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3E6BCD57DD0DEE7745539DFD9A0AE47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FCA2B934425D9B0979A62B977CE96FB8" pageNumber="580">
diagnosis A permanent social parasite of
<taxonomicName id="E9A02819A3130DFE55D3FBBADF9E6903" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">Pheidole pilifera</taxonomicName>
(including &quot;
<taxonomicName id="7C0A2A3DC5AC62F3E61FD993E0CBFB1F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151475" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pilifera" subSpecies="coloradensis">subspecies coloradensis</taxonomicName>
&quot;). The queen is very small, and easily recognized by her subangulate occipital corners. Aside from these two traits, and possibly the rounded tips of the propodeal spines,
<taxonomicName id="6DC7AB89CF0BA884E3429B8E32DAB2BE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquilina">inquilina</taxonomicName>
queens are little modified in general from typical queens of other, non-parasitic species of
<taxonomicName id="0DB990BA0E8ED99C84637675A7D2A1E6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole Westwood" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
. Measurements (mm) Syntype queen: HW 0.70, HL 0.70, SL 0.64, EL 0.24, PW (not measured). Color Queen: light brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFBBD867E56D2C061A5E3087360B8FAC" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D9645075730B55963C42917BDE6CCF14" pageNumber="580">
Range Colorado, Nebraska, and Nevada: rare (Wheeler 1910b; M. R. Smith 1940a; Gregg 1963; d. R. Smith 1979). In Colorado,
<taxonomicName id="A48BC0DF4F60B8FC5E1D105EDD2DCE15" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquilina">inquilina</taxonomicName>
occurs at about 2000 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1094ACF4DC54AB3CEB0A005ECE21ADC1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="BB810BE8F72D42C63B7FBD75AD767492" pageNumber="580">
biology In Colorado
<taxonomicName id="BBBD99D912F7613500E299F5DE0CABD9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquilina">Pheidole inquilina</taxonomicName>
was found by Wheeler with the host species
<taxonomicName id="93BAA22804F4E8B0FF618DFF9E427953" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">P. pilifera</taxonomicName>
(&quot;
<taxonomicName id="784864450C114DF42F13E9D7944A85DE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151475" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pilifera" subSpecies="coloradensis">subspecies coloradensis</taxonomicName>
&quot;) at about 2000 m, under rocks most likely in pinyon-cedar-oak woodland. The species is the least anatomically modified of the pheidoline social parasites. It is therefore not very surprising that both the major and minor workers have been discovered in addition to the usual queens and males. However, these castes are evidently in a state of evolutionary decline. In 19 infested nests of the host species excavated by A. C. Cole (1965), 8 contained a few individuals of
<taxonomicName id="22B573D5DC5AF7F79D508C205B09425B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquilina">inquilina</taxonomicName>
; and of these, one nest yielded only a single minor worker of
<taxonomicName id="A7ADB53CB77B1E3DA75F5CFC386D5BA8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquilina">inquilina</taxonomicName>
, while another contained one minor and one major. M. R. Smith (1940a) noted the close resemblance of the worker castes between the two species, and suggested that
<taxonomicName id="0BE5D796DB3B16C767580F0D66536ECA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquilina">inquilina</taxonomicName>
was derived in evolution from
<taxonomicName id="8F806D03CF0344A66C54675F96EB4E2D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
or a related species. In other words, Emery's rule that social parasites are close relatives of their hosts is exemplified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E94402685962183D16DB8D319DA36918" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EA86D785269AD216329A22A46594263A" pageNumber="580">figure Syntype, queen. COLORADO: Broadmoor, Colorado Springs, 2000 m (William M. Wheeler). (Majors and minors have been discovered but are not figured; see under Biology below.) Scale bar = 1 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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