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<mods:title id="6D278C30CF92FB87BB1F29E4403D450F">Comparison of the morphology of the adult males of the rhizoecine, phenacoccine and pseudococcine mealybugs (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea), with the recognition of the family Rhizoecidae Williams 3291</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="BC375428FC44D731299724A2FCB3FF77" blockId="57.[151,836,151,177]" box="[151,836,151,177]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="E77FE344FC44D731299724A2FCB3FF77" bold="true" box="[151,836,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="7B882FABFC44D731299724A2FCB3FF77" ID-CoL="5YZJ" ID-ENA="249554" authority="Williams &amp; Granara de Willink, 1992" authorityName="Williams &amp; Granara de Willink" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,836,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Neochavesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EFC883AFC44D731299724A2FCB3FF77" bold="true" box="[151,836,151,177]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="8EFC883AFC44D731299724A2FE90FF77" bold="true" box="[151,359,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">NEOCHAVESIA</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D81929D9FC44D731286E24A2FCB3FF77" author="Williams, D. J. &amp; Granara de Willink, M. C." box="[366,836,151,177]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref61056" refString="Williams, D. J. &amp; Granara de Willink, M. C. (1992) Mealybugs of Central and South America. CAB International, London, England. 635 pp." type="book" year="1992">Williams &amp; Granara de Willink, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BC375428FC44D731299724EAFB0CFF32" blockId="57.[151,1275,222,245]" box="[151,1275,222,245]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitation id="3D297239FC44D731299724EAFD27FF32" author="Williams, D. J. &amp; Granara de Willink, M. C." box="[151,720,222,245]" page="232" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="7B882FABFC44D731299724EAFD27FF32" ID-CoL="5YZJ" authority="Williams &amp; Granara de Willink, 1992: 232" authorityName="Williams &amp; Granara de Willink" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,720,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Neochavesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EFC883AFC44D731299724EAFEEFFF33" box="[151,280,223,245]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Neochavesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D81929D9FC44D731281E24EBFD27FF32" author="Williams, D. J. &amp; Granara de Willink, M. C." box="[286,720,222,244]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref61056" refString="Williams, D. J. &amp; Granara de Willink, M. C. (1992) Mealybugs of Central and South America. CAB International, London, England. 635 pp." type="book" year="1992">Williams &amp; Granara de Willink, 1992: 232</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="7B882FABFC44D7312AC124EAFB18FF32" authority="Balachowsky, 1957" authorityName="Balachowsky" authorityYear="1957" box="[961,1263,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Chavesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EFC883AFC44D7312AC124EAFBE8FF33" box="[961,1055,223,245]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chavesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D81929D9FC44D7312D2524EBFB18FF32" author="Balachowsky, A. S." box="[1061,1263,222,244]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="157 - 164" refId="ref57607" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1957) Sur un nouveau genre aberrant de cochenille radicole myrmecophile nuisible au cafeier en Colombie. Revue de Pathologie Vegetal et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 36, 157 - 164." type="journal article" year="1957">Balachowsky, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F49207A3FC44D73129972517FB94FDF3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BC375428FC44D73129972517FBFEFEFF" blockId="57.[151,1436,289,566]" box="[151,1033,289,314]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="6333EA8AFC44D73129972517FF39FEFC" box="[151,206,290,314]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="7B882FABFC44D73128352514FD03FEFF" authority="Balachowsky, 1957" authorityName="Balachowsky" authorityYear="1957" box="[309,756,289,313]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Chavesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caldasiae">
<emphasis id="8EFC883AFC44D73128352514FDF8FEFF" box="[309,527,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chavesia caldasiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D81929D9FC44D7312B162514FD03FEFF" author="Balachowsky, A. S." box="[534,756,289,313]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="157 - 164" refId="ref57607" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1957) Sur un nouveau genre aberrant de cochenille radicole myrmecophile nuisible au cafeier en Colombie. Revue de Pathologie Vegetal et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 36, 157 - 164." type="journal article" year="1957">Balachowsky, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC375428FC44D73129C72570FF1FFDD7" blockId="57.[151,1436,289,566]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="8EFC883AFC44D73129C72570FEA8FE98" bold="true" box="[199,351,325,350]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Introduction</emphasis>
: Eight species of
<taxonomicName id="7B882FABFC44D7312B3C2570FD3CFE9B" box="[572,715,325,349]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Neochavesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EFC883AFC44D7312B3C2570FD3CFE9B" box="[572,715,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Neochavesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are now known (
<bibRefCitation id="D81929D9FC44D7312A992570FB23FE9B" author="Schneider, S. A. &amp; LaPolla, J. S." box="[921,1236,325,349]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="57 - 82" refId="ref60232" refString="Schneider, S. A. &amp; LaPolla, J. S. (2011) Systematics of the mealybug tribe Xenococcini (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), with a discussion of trophobiotic associations with Acropyga Roger ants. Systematic Entomology, 36, 57 - 82." type="journal article" year="2011">Schneider &amp; LaPolla, 2011</bibRefCitation>
) and adult males have been described for two of them (
<taxonomicName id="7B882FABFC44D7312B55255FFC6FFE47" authority="(Balachowsky)" baseAuthorityName="Balachowsky" box="[597,920,361,385]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Chavesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caldasiae">
<emphasis id="8EFC883AFC44D7312B55255FFD13FE47" box="[597,740,361,385]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">N. caldasiae</emphasis>
(Balachowsky)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="24B348ADFC44D7312AAA255CFC09FE47" box="[938,1022,361,385]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[225,1400,158,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-63@55.[151,1436,99,1990]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 19. Neochavesia caldasiae (Balachowsky). Adult male. Where A = hair-like setae; C = loculate pores, J = dorsal view of poster end of abdomen, and L = ventral view of abdomen. For other labels, see under Materials and methods: conventions. (Modified after Williams, 2004a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250088/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="7B882FABFC44D7312D43255FFADAFE47" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams (Williams" authorityYear="2004" box="[1091,1325,361,385]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Neochavesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapollai">
<emphasis id="8EFC883AFC44D7312D43255FFB4AFE47" box="[1091,1213,361,385]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">N. lapollai</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="24B348ADFC44D7312C3F255CFA64FE47" box="[1343,1427,361,385]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1906,1929]" captionTargetBox="[158,1433,241,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-64@56.[150,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 20. Neochavesia lapollai Williams. Adult male. Where A = hair-like setae; J = dorsal view of posterior end of abdomen; L = ventral view of abdomen and M = claw. For other labels, see under Materials and methods: conventions. (Modified after Williams, 2004a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5250090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5250090/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D81929D9FC44D731299E25B8FEABFE63" author="Williams, D. J." box="[158,348,397,421]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="2883 - 2899" refId="ref60867" refString="Williams, D. J. (2004 a) A synopsis of the subterranean mealybug genus Neochavesia Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae). Journal of Natural History, 38 (22), 2883 - 2899." type="journal article" year="2004">Williams, 2004a</bibRefCitation>
)). The adult male of a third species is described below. The adult females of all the known species possess well-developed protruding anal lobes, and an anal ring without cells and placed well forward of the apex of the abdomen. A generic diagnosis and a key based on the adult females are given in
<bibRefCitation id="D81929D9FC44D7312DA025E0FF14FDD7" author="Schneider, S. A. &amp; LaPolla, J. S." pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="57 - 82" refId="ref60232" refString="Schneider, S. A. &amp; LaPolla, J. S. (2011) Systematics of the mealybug tribe Xenococcini (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), with a discussion of trophobiotic associations with Acropyga Roger ants. Systematic Entomology, 36, 57 - 82." type="journal article" year="2011">Schneider and LaPolla (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC375428FC44D73129C7262BFB94FDF3" blockId="57.[151,1436,289,566]" box="[199,1123,541,566]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">For a morphological diagnosis of the males of this genus, see key to genera above.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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