630 lines
80 KiB
XML
630 lines
80 KiB
XML
<document id="2DDFCEB490C3DBE90C6EC896DC0D58B7" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4256.1.1SLASH10888" ID-CLB-Dataset="33174" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.556851" ID-GBIF-Dataset="10284664-323e-49f2-a19f-3ef15f718cc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="556851" ID-ZooBank="985C0239-D00C-457D-B593-76A3081BCEEA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1493019240325" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2017" docId="03A787C74929FF89FF58FCE0FE43F96F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4256.1.1SLASH10888.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4256 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tubularia acadiae Petersen 1990" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FF9EFFBF492CFF81FFCFFFE9FFF0FFF1" masterDocTitle="Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698439043565" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="049662194B92FD4F0C41B611502066CF">Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1C6927286D428B65DB15E217DD1B6C2C">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F76A1BFE9775EFDBCBA168A57EA12834">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6AFD3175D55AF7B77AF0B598E2DAC89B">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8FCABC7A869AD85CC1BBCE7EE277C62B">4256</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="DCD133B6856C4A5FD2D30710A74E3AFF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.556851</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A787C74929FF89FF58FCE0FE43F96F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6015971" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128697026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6015971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787C74929FF89FF58FCE0FE43F96F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787C74929FF89FF58FCE0FE43F96F" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C314655A4929FF84FF58FCE0FED7FCB5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF58FCE0FDC0FCD2" blockId="5.[151,560,777,837]" box="[151,560,777,803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0F981BD4929FF84FF58FCE0FDC0FCD2" bold="true" box="[151,560,777,803]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524929FF84FF58FCE0FDC0FCD2" ID-CoL="59JZL" authority="Petersen, 1990" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,560,777,803]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAC34929FF84FF58FCE0FDC0FCD2" bold="true" box="[151,560,777,803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAC34929FF84FF58FCE0FE83FCD2" bold="true" box="[151,371,777,803]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tubularia acadiae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204929FF84FEB4FCE0FDC0FCD2" author="Petersen" box="[379,560,777,803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF58FCC5FED7FCB5" blockId="5.[151,560,777,837]" box="[151,295,812,837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<figureCitation id="13352A544929FF84FF58FCC5FF13FCB5" box="[151,227,812,837]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1306,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1284]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,269,1284]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tubularia acadiae, hydranth with male gonophores, Minas Basin, Nova Scotia. Photograph by J. S. Bleakney." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556852/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13352A544929FF84FF3EFCC5FEF1FCB5" box="[241,257,812,836]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1068,1090]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,194,1046]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tubularia acadiae, nematocysts, ROMIZ B 629. a, desmoneme, from aboral tentacle. b, large haplonemes, from aboral tentacle. c, small haploneme, from oral tentacle. d, large stenotele, from oral tentacle. e, small stenotele, from oral tentacle. f, heteronemes, from aboral tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556853/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13352A544929FF84FEC2FCC5FEEBFCB5" box="[269,283,812,836]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox="[167,1396,314,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[163,1415,301,1833]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Capitate hydroids. a, Tubularia acadiae, hydranth with female gonophores, ROMIZ B 629. Scale equals 5 mm. b, Coryne pusilla, part of colony with two hydranths, SNM HYD- 000455. Scale equals 0.5 mm. c, Sarsia lovenii, hydranth with male gonophore, ROMIZ B 3096. Scale equals 0.5 mm. d, Sarsia lovenii, hydranth with female gonophore, ROMIZ B 3106. Scale equals 0.5 mm. e, Zanclea implexa, long pedicel with hydranth, SNM HYD- 000493. Scale equals 0.25 mm. f, Zanclea implexa, short pedicel with hydranth and developing medusa bud, SNM HYD- 001058. Scale equals 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556855/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</figureCitation>
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a
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C314655A4929FF84FF58FC9DFE96FC36" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF58FC9DFD55FC7B" blockId="5.[151,1436,884,967]" box="[151,677,884,906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E11FF4929FF84FF58FC9DFD55FC7B" box="[151,677,884,906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524929FF84FF58FC9DFDD2FC7B" ID-CoL="59JZL" authority="Petersen, 1990: 198" authorityName="Petersen" authorityPageNumber="198" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,546,884,906]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAC34929FF84FF58FC9DFEA1FC7B" box="[151,337,884,906]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tubularia acadiae</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAF10C04929FF84FE98FC9CFDD2FC7B" author="Petersen" box="[343,546,884,906]" page="198" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204929FF84FE98FC9CFE00FC7B" author="Petersen" box="[343,496,884,906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 198
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, figs. 39, 40.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF58FC7BFE96FC36" blockId="5.[151,1436,884,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E11FF4929FF84FF58FC7BFE96FC36" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524929FF84FF58FC7BFE96FC59" ID-CoL="59K29" box="[151,358,914,936]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAC34929FF84FF58FC7BFE96FC59" box="[151,358,914,936]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tubularia couthouyi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAF10C04929FF84FE4CFC7BFDA7FC59" author="Bleakney" box="[387,599,914,936]" page="933" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1972">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204929FF84FE4CFC7BFDD6FC59" author="Bleakney" box="[387,550,914,936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Bleakney, J. S. (1972) Ecological implications of annual variation in tidal extremes. Ecology, 53, 933 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1934311" type="journal article" year="1972">Bleakney, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 933
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF10C04929FF84FDA8FC7BFC5BFC59" author="Bromley" box="[615,939,914,936]" page="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204929FF84FDA8FC7BFC76FC59" author="Bromley" box="[615,902,914,936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Bromley, J. E. C. & Bleakney, J. S. (1985) Keys to the fauna and flora of Minas Basin. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, 366 pp." type="book" year="1985">Bromley & Bleakney, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 11
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, unnumbered figure [not
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524929FF84FB7FFC7BFEABFC36" ID-CoL="59K29" authority="L. Agassiz, 1860" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAC34929FF84FB7FFC7BFA8FFC59" box="[1200,1407,914,936]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tubularia couthouyi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204929FF84FA49FC7AFEABFC36" author="Agassiz" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Agassiz, L. (1860) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. III. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 301 pp." type="book" year="1860">L. Agassiz, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
].
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C314655A4929FF84FF58FC1DFC23FBA4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF58FC1DFC11FBFD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1012,2009]" box="[151,993,1012,1037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B663C8C4929FF84FF58FC1DFC11FBFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457688619" box="[151,993,1012,1037]" country="United States of America" location="Vineyard Haven" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34929FF84FF58FC1DFEC5FBFC" bold="true" box="[151,309,1012,1037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<typeStatus id="54B588734929FF84FF58FC1DFF22FBFC" box="[151,210,1012,1037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="F31976414929FF84FEF3FC1DFE89FBFD" box="[316,377,1012,1036]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334929FF84FE4CFC1DFDD8FBFC" box="[387,552,1012,1037]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<location id="8ED1600A4929FF84FDFCFC1DFD19FBFD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787C74929FF89FF58FCE0FE43F96F:8ED1600A4929FF84FDFCFC1DFD19FBFD" box="[563,745,1012,1037]" country="United States of America" name="Vineyard Haven" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Vineyard Haven</location>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204929FF84FD37FC1DFC24FBFD" author="Petersen" box="[760,980,1012,1036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990: 198</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF08FBFEFC23FBA4" blockId="5.[151,1437,1012,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34929FF84FF08FBFEFE44FBC1" bold="true" box="[199,436,1047,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
NS: Minas Basin,
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<date id="FFB010114929FF84FD57FBFEFCE0FBC1" box="[664,784,1047,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1967-04-26">26.iv.1967</date>
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||
, 4°C, two solitary hydroids, up to
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||
<quantity id="4CF69B344929FF84FB62FBF1FB18FBDE" box="[1197,1256,1048,1071]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
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||
high, one with female and one with male gonophores, coll. J.S. Bleakney, ROMIZ B629.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C314655A4929FF87FF08FBB6FEA7F828" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF08FBB6FC06F9BC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1012,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34929FF84FF08FBB6FEA9FB89" bold="true" box="[199,345,1119,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
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||
Examined hydroids solitary, comprising fragments of three hydrocauli with hydranths. Hydrocauli unbranched,
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||
<quantity id="4CF69B344929FF84FE63FB6DFE12FB6D" box="[428,482,1156,1181]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B344929FF84FDD7FB6CFDBFFB6D" box="[536,591,1157,1180]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524929FF84FD5AFB6DFCF7FB6C" box="[661,775,1156,1181]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Keratosum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum">maximum</taxonomicName>
|
||
diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B344929FF84FCB9FB6DFC48FB6D" box="[886,952,1156,1180]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mostly straight with a few irregular bends, incised by a few nodes marking points of growth and regeneration, gradually increasing in diameter from proximal part to distal end, each bearing a terminal hydranth above a bulbous neck; longitudinal peripheral canals about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B344929FF84FABEFB24FA6CFB14" box="[1393,1436,1228,1253]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
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||
number, with one being wider than others, these canals sometimes branched and anastomosing. Perisarc on hydrorhiza thick except at distal end, extending over and appearing filmy around neck region, terminating at base of hydranth, smooth except for irregularly located nodes, golden- to amber-coloured in thick areas, thin and clear over neck region. Hydranths pear-shaped with slender hypostome, separated from bulbous neck region by a prominent circumferential groove, reaching
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B344929FF84FD46FA69FD26FA66" box="[649,726,1408,1432]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
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||
high from groove to tip of hypostome,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524929FF84FB59FA96FAF7FA69" box="[1174,1287,1407,1432]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Keratosum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum">maximum</taxonomicName>
|
||
diameter 1.0 cm; tentacles occurring in aboral and oral whorls. Aboral tentacles about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B344929FF84FBD4FA4DFBABFA4C" box="[1051,1115,1444,1469]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3969999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="55.0">55 in</quantity>
|
||
number, crowded, slightly staggered, laterally flattened at base, gradually tapering from proximal end to tip, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B344929FF84FBB5FA21FB21FA2E" box="[1146,1233,1480,1504]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long in preserved material, merging with ridges extending down over basal region of hydranth. Oral tentacles about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B344929FF84FB32FA05FAC8F9F4" box="[1277,1336,1516,1541]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="60.0">60 in</quantity>
|
||
number, tapering from proximal end to tip, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B344929FF84FD8AF9E6FD78F9D6" box="[581,648,1551,1576]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long in preserved specimens, scattered within a narrow band around hypostome, bases adnate to hypostome and forming longitudinal ridges on it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF08F9BEFAA1F8B9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1012,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Gonophores fixed sporosacs, borne on 10-12 thick blastostyles arising from hydranth just above aboral tentacles; blastostyles with unbranched main stem approximately as long as hydranth when fully developed, each one with several short, slender side branches bearing gonophores; sporosacs of both sexes borne on long pedicels. Female sporosacs oval; distal end with orifice surrounded by 4-5 laterally flattened, fin-shaped crests extending from one-third to half-way or more down outer wall of sporosac, commonly with 2-3 developing embryos or actinulae that do not entirely fill sporosac cavity; spadix long, sausage-shaped.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334929FF84FB85F8E5FB74F8D4" box="[1098,1156,1804,1829]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
sporosacs subspherical, lacking lateral crests, terminal appendages, and radial canals; spermatic tissue nearly filling sporosac cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF08F8BDFE79F89D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1012,2009]" box="[199,393,1876,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Cnidome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13352A544929FF84FEF2F8BDFE70F89D" box="[317,384,1876,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1068,1090]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,194,1046]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tubularia acadiae, nematocysts, ROMIZ B 629. a, desmoneme, from aboral tentacle. b, large haplonemes, from aboral tentacle. c, small haploneme, from oral tentacle. d, large stenotele, from oral tentacle. e, small stenotele, from oral tentacle. f, heteronemes, from aboral tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556853/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF08F89EFBF9F861" blockId="5.[151,1437,1012,2009]" box="[199,1033,1911,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">desmonemes (n = 10): 6.0–6.3 µm long × 3.6–4.0 µm wide (undischarged)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF08F875FBBAF844" blockId="5.[151,1437,1012,2009]" box="[199,1098,1948,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">large haplonemes (n = 5): 10.4–11.1 µm long × 6.5–7.3 µm wide (undischarged)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14929FF84FF08F829FBC4F828" blockId="5.[151,1437,1012,2009]" box="[199,1076,1984,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">small haplonemes (n = 3): 6.8–7.5 µm long × 4.0–4.3 µm wide (undischarged)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1492AFF87FF08FF7EFC67F967" blockId="6.[199,1102,151,248]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
large stenoteles (n = 6): 12.5–13.2 µm long × 10.3–11.8 µm wide (undischarged) small stenoteles (n = 10): 9.7–10.8 µm long × 7.0–7.9 µm wide (undischarged) heteronemes (n = 10): 11.2–13.2 µm long × 3.8–4.3 µm wide (undischarged)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FF08FAB5FECBFA84" bold="true" box="[199,315,1372,1397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FE87FAB5FD24FA84" authority="Petersen, 1990" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1990" box="[328,724,1372,1397]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FE87FAB5FDEDFA84" box="[328,541,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tubularia acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492AFF87FDE6FAB7FD24FA84" author="Petersen" box="[553,724,1373,1397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from material collected at several locations near Woods Hole,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF833492AFF87FE29FA69FD7BFA68" box="[486,651,1408,1433]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, during the winter and early spring of 1964 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492AFF87FB67FA68FAA1FA68" author="Petersen" box="[1192,1361,1409,1433]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). That account provides the only published record of the species, and only female colonies were mentioned. Petersen found the species again in 1970 while undertaking field work in Minas Basin, NS, during a visit to Acadia University (recorded as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FE76FA04FD7AF9F7" box="[441,650,1517,1542]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FE76FA04FD7AF9F7" box="[441,650,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tubularia acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957B8492AFF87FD5BFA04FD39F9F4" box="[660,713,1517,1541]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
” in a letter to Prof. J.S. Bleakney, received
|
||
<date id="FFB01011492AFF87FB02FA04FA60F9F4" box="[1229,1424,1517,1542]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1977-01-24">24 January 1977</date>
|
||
). However, the latter record was never published, and it was not mentioned in his original description of the species. While no etymology of the specific name was given, it could refer either to Acadia University or to the geographic region known as Acadia (“Acadie” in French) that was once a colony of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3197641492AFF87FC2DF9B0FBDEF981" box="[994,1070,1625,1648]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
in northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF833492AFF87FB25F9B1FADBF980" box="[1258,1323,1624,1649]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
America. Both of these possibilities suggest a link to the Bay of Fundy region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF716659492AFF87FF58FAF3FA9EFAC1" box="[151,1390,1306,1328]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556852/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[151,1436,269,1284]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1492AFF87FF58FAF3FA9EFAC1" blockId="6.[151,1390,1306,1328]" box="[151,1390,1306,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FF58FAF3FEE3FAC1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1306,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FED6FAF3FE23FAC1" box="[281,467,1306,1328]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FED6FAF3FE23FAC1" box="[281,467,1306,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tubularia acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hydranth with male gonophores, Minas Basin, Nova Scotia. Photograph by J.S. Bleakney.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1492AFF87FF08F949FEA7F828" blockId="6.[151,1437,1372,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Hydroids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FE9CF94BFE35F948" box="[339,453,1696,1721]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FE9CF94BFE35F948" box="[339,453,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are decidedly robust, and hydrocauli of the species are marked by nodes. These “joints” appear to be sites marking extension points of the hydrocaulus, and at least some likely represent locations where hydranths once existed. In Fraser’s (1944) key to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FC87F901FB9DF8F0" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[840,1133,1768,1793]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FC87F901FC47F8F0" box="[840,951,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tubularia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492AFF87FC70F901FB9DF8F0" author="Linnaeus" box="[959,1133,1768,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF833492AFF87FF58F8E4FF28F8D7" box="[151,216,1805,1830]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
America, possession of a “jointed stem” was a prime character leading to identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FB20F8E7FECAF8B8" authority="L. Agassiz, 1860" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FB20F8E7FA8AF8D7" box="[1263,1402,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492AFF87FA4BF8E7FECAF8B8" author="Agassiz" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Agassiz, L. (1860) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. III. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 301 pp." type="book" year="1860">L. Agassiz, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In that regard, and in its large size as well,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FCE7F8DBFC6DF8B8" box="[808,925,1840,1865]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FCE7F8DBFC6DF8B8" box="[808,925,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might easily be confounded for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FAC4F8DBFA64F8B8" box="[1291,1428,1840,1865]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FAC4F8DBFA64F8B8" box="[1291,1428,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Indeed, records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FEA5F8BFFE04F89F" box="[362,500,1877,1902]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FEA5F8BFFE04F89F" box="[362,500,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Minas Basin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492AFF87FD19F8BCFC74F89C" author="Bleakney" box="[726,900,1877,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Bleakney, J. S. (1972) Ecological implications of annual variation in tidal extremes. Ecology, 53, 933 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1934311" type="journal article" year="1972">Bleakney 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492AFF87FC5FF8BCFB32F89F" author="Bromley" box="[912,1218,1877,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Bromley, J. E. C. & Bleakney, J. S. (1985) Keys to the fauna and flora of Minas Basin. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, 366 pp." type="book" year="1985">Bromley & Bleakney 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the same location as material examined here, are taken to have been based on the morphologically similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FB0DF893FACAF860" box="[1218,1338,1912,1937]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FB0DF893FACAF860" box="[1218,1338,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FF58F874FE70F847" box="[151,384,1949,1974]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FF58F874FE70F847" box="[151,384,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tubularia couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is close to and possibly conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492AFF87FC52F877FB25F847" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[925,1237,1949,1974]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492AFF87FC52F877FBE5F847" box="[925,1045,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492AFF87FBECF874FB25F847" author="Linnaeus" box="[1059,1237,1949,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492AFF87FB27F874FA67F844" author="Petersen" box="[1256,1431,1949,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Schuchert 2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF716659492BFF86FF58FBC5FD97FB71" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556853/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[152,1435,194,1046]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1492BFF86FF58FBC5FD97FB71" blockId="7.[151,1435,1068,1152]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FF58FBC5FEE4FBB3" bold="true" box="[151,276,1068,1090]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FED3FBC5FE28FBB3" box="[284,472,1068,1090]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FED3FBC5FE28FBB3" box="[284,472,1068,1090]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tubularia acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nematocysts, ROMIZ B629. a, desmoneme, from aboral tentacle. b, large haplonemes, from aboral tentacle. c, small haploneme, from oral tentacle. d, large stenotele, from oral tentacle. e, small stenotele, from oral tentacle. f, heteronemes, from aboral tentacle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C314655A492BFF86FF08FB45FDA5F8D8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1492BFF86FF08FB45FDA5F8D8" blockId="7.[151,1437,1196,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FF08FB45FE66FB34" ID-CoL="59JZL" box="[199,406,1196,1221]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FF08FB45FE66FB34" box="[199,406,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tubularia acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FDAAFB47FD00FB34" ID-CoL="59K29" box="[613,752,1196,1221]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FDAAFB47FD00FB34" box="[613,752,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FCE7FB47FC6DFB34" ID-CoL="59K2N" box="[808,925,1196,1221]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FCE7FB47FC6DFB34" box="[808,925,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the morphology of its female gonophores. Those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FECDFB3BFE87FB18" ID-CoL="59JZL" box="[258,375,1232,1257]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FECDFB3BFE87FB18" box="[258,375,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have 4-5 fin-shaped crests at the distal end of the sporosac wall, while such crests are lacking in the other two species. Female sporosacs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FD66FB1FFC5CFAFC" ID-CoL="59K3F" authority="Boeck, 1860" authorityName="Boeck" authorityYear="1860" box="[681,940,1268,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FD66FB1FFCE4FAFC" box="[681,788,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. regalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492BFF86FCD3FB1DFC5CFAFC" author="Boeck" box="[796,940,1268,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Boeck, C. (1860) Omhandlede en Tubularie fra Belsund paa Spitzbergen - Tubularia regalis. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs- Selskabet i Christiania, 1859, 114 - 117." type="journal article" year="1860">Boeck, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have similar crests, but that species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FF1AFAF3FEBAFAC0" ID-CoL="59JZL" box="[213,330,1304,1329]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FF1AFAF3FEBAFAC0" box="[213,330,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having blastostyles that lack side branches, sporosacs that either lack pedicels or occur on very short ones, and hydroids that grow as entwined clusters rather than as single polyps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492BFF86FB89FAD4FB1AFAA4" author="Petersen" box="[1094,1258,1341,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The basal disc of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FF78FA8BFEEFFA88" ID-CoL="59K3F" box="[183,287,1376,1401]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FF78FA8BFEEFFA88" box="[183,287,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also broadly lobed and dome-shaped rather than circular with a crenulated margin. Meanwhile,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FA48FA8BFEF5FA6C" ID-CoL="59K29" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FA48FA8BFEF5FA6C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FD82FA6FFD32FA6C" ID-CoL="59K2N" box="[589,706,1412,1437]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FD82FA6FFD32FA6C" box="[589,706,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
largely on the basis of its “jointed” stem. Such nodes and regular annulations are rare in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FE54FA43FD2FFA30" ID-CoL="59K2N" authority="Schuchert 2010" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="2010" box="[411,735,1448,1473]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FE54FA43FDFFFA30" box="[411,527,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
(Schuchert 2010)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is unclear whether joints in the hydrocaulus of that species are formed as typical nodes or as points of hydranth regeneration. Hydroids assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FBA8FA27FB00FA14" ID-CoL="59K29" box="[1127,1264,1484,1509]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FBA8FA27FB00FA14" box="[1127,1264,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also said to be more robust than those of the better-known Linnean species. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492BFF86FBE6FA18FB36F9F8" author="Fraser" box="[1065,1222,1521,1545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, hydrocauli of the species reach
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B34492BFF86FEFAF9FDFE8CF9DD" box="[309,380,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, while the diameter across hydranths and extended tentacles sometimes attains
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B34492BFF86FA8EF9FCFA69F9DD" box="[1345,1433,1557,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
. He reported that hydranths of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FE23F9D3FD86F9A0" ID-CoL="59K29" box="[492,630,1592,1617]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FE23F9D3FD86F9A0" box="[492,630,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bore as many as 30-40 aboral tentacles and 50 oral tentacles. Yet these measurements and tentacle numbers scarcely if at all exceed those reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FBD1F9B7FB63F984" ID-CoL="59K2N" box="[1054,1171,1628,1653]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FBD1F9B7FB63F984" box="[1054,1171,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Schuchert, 2010). Another difference, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492BFF86FDE7F968FCE6F968" author="Fraser" box="[552,790,1665,1689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1947 a) Distribution and relationship in American hydroids. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 464 pp. [although dated " 1946 " on the title page, this book was not published until February 1947]" type="book" year="1947" yearSuffix="a">Fraser (1947a: 147)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is the existence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FBDBF96BFB54F968" ID-CoL="59K29" box="[1044,1188,1664,1689]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FBDBF96BFB54F968" box="[1044,1188,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of a series of deep annulations on the hydrocaulus immediately beneath the hydranth. However, these structures are not mentioned or illustrated in the original description of the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492BFF86FD3FF920FC40F910" author="Agassiz" box="[752,944,1736,1761]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">L. Agassiz 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Finally, Agassiz believed that his species differed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FEFBF907FE58F8F4" ID-CoL="59K2N" box="[308,424,1772,1797]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FEFBF907FE58F8F4" box="[308,424,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being an inhabitant of brackish waters, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FC20F907FB94F8F4" ID-CoL="59K2N" box="[1007,1124,1772,1797]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FC20F907FB94F8F4" box="[1007,1124,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found in salinities as low as 18‰ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492BFF86FE84F8F9FDB8F8D8" author="Schonborn" box="[331,584,1808,1833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Schonborn, C., Arndt, E. A. & Gosselck, F. (1993) Bestimmungsschlussel der benthischen Hydrozoen der Ostsee. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 69, 201 - 253." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Schönborn
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FE02F8FBFE0EF8D8" box="[461,510,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C314655A492BFF89FF08F8DDFBCEFAC7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1492BFF86FF08F8DDFE50F848" blockId="7.[151,1437,1196,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF833492BFF86FF08F8DDFEF1F8BC" box="[199,257,1844,1869]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
gonophores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FE7DF8DFFDD7F8BC" box="[434,551,1844,1869]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FE7DF8DFFDD7F8BC" box="[434,551,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, previously undescribed, were observed in examined material (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE14492BFF86FB3DF8DCFABEF8BC" box="[1266,1358,1845,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
B629) and have been described herein. They are much as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FD36F8B3FC9EF880" box="[761,878,1880,1905]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FD36F8B3FC9EF880" box="[761,878,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. indivisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FC68F8B3FBE1F880" box="[935,1041,1880,1905]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FC68F8B3FBE1F880" box="[935,1041,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although perhaps somewhat more nearly round in shape than in those species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13352A54492BFF86FD56F895FD2DF864" box="[665,733,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1306,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1284]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,269,1284]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tubularia acadiae, hydranth with male gonophores, Minas Basin, Nova Scotia. Photograph by J. S. Bleakney." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556852/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Also previously undescribed is the cnidome of the species, illustrated here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13352A54492BFF86FE82F849FE63F848" box="[333,403,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1068,1090]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,194,1046]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1047]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tubularia acadiae, nematocysts, ROMIZ B 629. a, desmoneme, from aboral tentacle. b, large haplonemes, from aboral tentacle. c, small haploneme, from oral tentacle. d, large stenotele, from oral tentacle. e, small stenotele, from oral tentacle. f, heteronemes, from aboral tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556853/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1492BFF89FF08F82DFC2CFE95" blockId="7.[151,1437,1196,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Phylogenetic studies by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492BFF86FE2BF82DFD1EF82C" box="[484,750,1988,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Nawrocki, A. M., Collins, A. G., Hirano, Y. M., Schuchert, P. & Cartwright, P. (2013) Phylogenetic placement of Hydra and relationships within Aplanulata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 67, 60 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.12.016" type="journal article">
|
||
Nawrocki
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3492BFF86FD92F82FFD6AF82C" box="[605,666,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
support the hypothesis that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52492BFF86FBF1F82DFA8EF82C" authority="Fleming, 1828" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1828" box="[1086,1406,1988,2013]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
|
||
Tubulariidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20492BFF86FB18F82DFA8EF82C" author="Fleming" box="[1239,1406,1988,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Fleming, J. (1828) A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom. Bell & Bradfute, Edinburgh, 565 pp." type="book" year="1828">Fleming, 1828</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is monophyletic. Three lineages were recognized within the family, with one of them including the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FAE2FF7EFA6BFF41" box="[1325,1435,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FAE2FF7EFA6BFF41" box="[1325,1435,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tubularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FF01FF55FDDDFF24" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[206,557,188,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Hybocodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FF01FF55FEBFFF24" box="[206,335,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hybocodon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FE92FF54FDDDFF24" author="Agassiz" box="[349,557,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">L. Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FCD4FF55FB86FF24" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[795,1142,188,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FCD4FF55FC67FF24" box="[795,919,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ectopleura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FC69FF54FB86FF24" author="Agassiz" box="[934,1142,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">L. Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and a third comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FF58FF36FE4BFF09" authority="Watson, 1980" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,443,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ralpharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FF58FF36FEF9FF09" box="[151,265,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ralpharia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FED6FF09FE4BFF09" author="Watson" box="[281,443,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Watson, J. E. (1980) The identity of two tubularian hydroids from Australia with a description and observations on the reproduction of Ralpharia magnifica gen. et sp. nov. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 41, 53 - 63." type="journal article" year="1980">Watson, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FDCBFF08FCC3FF09" authority="Stechow, 1921a" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1921" box="[516,819,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FDCBFF08FD96FF09" box="[516,614,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zyzzyzus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FDB9FF36FCC3FF09" author="Stechow" box="[630,819,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Stechow, E. (1921 a) Neue Genera und Species von Hydrozoen und anderen Evertebraten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A, 3, Heft, 87, 248 - 265." type="journal article" year="1921" yearSuffix="a">Stechow, 1921a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hydroids assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FB9AFF36FB34FF09" box="[1109,1220,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FB9AFF36FB34FF09" box="[1109,1220,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tubularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FB14FF36FAACFF09" box="[1243,1372,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Hybocodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FB14FF36FAACFF09" box="[1243,1372,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hybocodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FF58FEEDFEE4FEEC" box="[151,276,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FF58FEEDFEE4FEEC" box="[151,276,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ectopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are quite similar in morphology. All three genera have been reported in the Bay of Fundy, although the sole representative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FE43FECEFDFDFEB1" box="[396,525,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Hybocodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FE43FECEFDFDFEB1" box="[396,525,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hybocodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FDD2FEC0FCA9FEB1" authority="L. Agassiz, 1860" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" box="[541,857,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Hybocodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="prolifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FDD2FEC0FD64FEB1" box="[541,660,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. prolifer</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FD54FEC1FCA9FEB1" author="Agassiz" box="[667,857,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Agassiz, L. (1860) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. III. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 301 pp." type="book" year="1860">L. Agassiz, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is known there only from its medusa stage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FA82FECEFEC6FE95" author="Fish" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Fish, C. J. & Johnson, M. W. (1937) The biology of the zooplankton population in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine with special reference to production and distribution. Journal of the Biological Board of Canada, 3, 189 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 37 - 015" type="journal article" year="1937">Fish & Johnson 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Several characters distinguish these three genera (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68C036A4924FF89FCB8FEA5FC3BFE95" box="[887,971,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,401,424]" captionText="TABLE 1. Some characters distinguishing the hydroid stages of species of Ectopleura, Hybocodon, and Tubularia." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7166594924FF89FF58FE78FA93FE59" box="[151,1379,401,424]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14924FF89FF58FE78FA93FE59" blockId="8.[151,1379,401,424]" box="[151,1379,401,424]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FF58FE78FEFAFE59" bold="true" box="[151,266,401,424]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Some characters distinguishing the hydroid stages of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FC75FE78FBC0FE59" box="[954,1072,401,424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FC75FE78FBC0FE59" box="[954,1072,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ectopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FBF1FE78FB49FE59" box="[1086,1209,401,424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Hybocodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FBF1FE78FB49FE59" box="[1086,1209,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hybocodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FB3CFE78FAACFE59" box="[1267,1372,401,424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FB3CFE78FAACFE59" box="[1267,1372,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tubularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14924FF89FF50FE2DFB0EFC4F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<table id="F90EC4714924007EFF50FE2DFA7FFC2D" box="[159,1423,452,988]" gridcols="4" gridrows="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<tr id="353E34934924007EFF50FE2DFA7FFE2B" box="[159,1423,452,474]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFF50FE2DFE63FE2B" box="[159,403,452,474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFE75FE2DFD19FE2B" box="[442,745,452,474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FE75FE2DFDDBFE2B" box="[442,555,452,474]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FE75FE2DFDDBFE2B" box="[442,555,452,474]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ectopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFCC1FE2DFBBDFE2B" box="[782,1101,452,474]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FCC1FE2DFC73FE2B" box="[782,899,452,474]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Hybocodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FCC1FE2DFC73FE2B" box="[782,899,452,474]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hybocodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFBADFE2DFA7FFE2B" box="[1122,1423,452,474]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FBADFE2DFB36FE2B" box="[1122,1222,452,474]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FBADFE2DFB36FE2B" box="[1122,1222,452,474]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tubularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34934924007EFF50FE04FA7FFDD3" box="[159,1423,493,546]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFF50FE04FE63FDD3" box="[159,403,493,546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hydroid form</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFE75FE04FD19FDD3" box="[442,745,493,546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">colonial</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFCC1FE04FBBDFDD3" box="[782,1101,493,546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">solitary (may appear colonial due to larval aggregation)</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFBADFE04FA7FFDD3" box="[1122,1423,493,546]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">solitary (may appear colonial due to larval aggregation)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34934924007EFF50FDDCFA7FFDBA" box="[159,1423,565,587]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFF50FDDCFE63FDBA" box="[159,403,565,587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oral tentacles</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFE75FDDCFD19FDBA" box="[442,745,565,587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">in one whorl</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFCC1FDDCFBBDFDBA" box="[782,1101,565,587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">in two close whorls</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFBADFDDCFA7FFDBA" box="[1122,1423,565,587]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">in two or more whorls</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34934924007EFF50FDB7FA7FFD62" box="[159,1423,606,659]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFF50FDB7FE63FD62" box="[159,403,606,659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hydrocaulus diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFE75FDB7FD19FD62" box="[442,745,606,659]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">usually uniform</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFCC1FDB7FBBDFD62" box="[782,1101,606,659]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">usually tapering from distal to proximal end</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFBADFDB7FA7FFD62" box="[1122,1423,606,659]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">usually tapering from distal to proximal end</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34934924007EFF50FD4FFA7FFD2A" box="[159,1423,678,731]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFF50FD4FFE63FD2A" box="[159,403,678,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Base of hydrocaulus</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFE75FD4FFD19FD2A" box="[442,745,678,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">arising from a stolon</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFCC1FD4FFBBDFD2A" box="[782,1101,678,731]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">arising from a stolon</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFBADFD4FFA7FFD2A" box="[1122,1423,678,731]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">arising from a stolon or a basal disc</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34934924007EFF50FD07FA7FFCF5" box="[159,1423,750,772]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFF50FD07FE63FCF5" box="[159,403,750,772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lumen of hydrocaulus</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFE75FD07FD19FCF5" box="[442,745,750,772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">hollow</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFCC1FD07FBBDFCF5" box="[782,1101,750,772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">hollow</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFBADFD07FA7FFCF5" box="[1122,1423,750,772]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">filled with parenchymal cells</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34934924007EFF50FCF1FA7FFCBD" box="[159,1423,792,844]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFF50FCF1FE63FCBD" box="[159,403,792,844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Longitudinal peripheral canals in hydrocaulus</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFE75FCF1FD19FCBD" box="[442,745,792,844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFCC1FCF1FBBDFCBD" box="[782,1101,792,844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">present</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFBADFCF1FA7FFCBD" box="[1122,1423,792,844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">present</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34934924007EFF50FC89FA7FFC65" box="[159,1423,864,916]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFF50FC89FE63FC65" box="[159,403,864,916]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aboral tentacular ridges on base of hydranth</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFE75FC89FD19FC65" box="[442,745,864,916]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFCC1FC89FBBDFC65" box="[782,1101,864,916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">present</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFBADFC89FA7FFC65" box="[1122,1423,864,916]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">present</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34934924007EFF50FC41FA7FFC2D" box="[159,1423,936,988]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76EF5DEF4924007EFF50FC41FE63FC2D" box="[159,403,936,988]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gonophores</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFE75FC41FD19FC2D" box="[442,745,936,988]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fixed sporosacs, or free and radially symmetrical medusae</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFCC1FC41FBBDFC2D" box="[782,1101,936,988]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">free and bilaterally symmetrical medusae</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5DEF4924007EFBADFC41FA7FFC2D" box="[1122,1423,936,988]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fixed sporosacs</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14924FF89FF08FBC8FBCEFAC7" blockId="8.[151,1436,1057,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FE8BFBC8FE42FBCB" box="[324,434,1057,1082]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FE8BFBC8FE42FBCB" box="[324,434,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tubularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FE24FBC8FD9CFBCB" box="[491,620,1057,1082]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Hybocodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FE24FBC8FD9CFBCB" box="[491,620,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hybocodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are held to differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FC12FBC8FBAAFBCB" box="[989,1114,1057,1082]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FC12FBC8FBAAFBCB" box="[989,1114,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ectopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being solitary rather than colonial.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FECFFBACFE3CFBAF" author="Cornelius" box="[256,460,1093,1118]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 a) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 1. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 347 pp." type="book" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">Cornelius (1995a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that current definitions of the term “colony” do not adequately differentiate the various
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B588734924FF89FF3AFB83FEC0FB73" box="[245,304,1130,1154]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of colonies that are now known to exist in hydrozoans. Within the group, a colony is usually understood to constitute an assemblage of interconnected polypoid and/or medusoid individuals derived asexually from a single larval stage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FE0EFB58FD8FFB3B" author="Cornelius" box="[449,639,1201,1226]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 a) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 1. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 347 pp." type="book" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">Cornelius 1995a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FD45FB58FC9EFB3B" author="Bouillon" box="[650,878,1201,1226]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 194, 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FD3BFB5BFCD4FB3B" box="[756,804,1201,1226]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FCB5FB58FB38FB3B" author="Nawrocki" box="[890,1224,1201,1226]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Nawrocki, A. M. & Cartwright, P. (2012) A novel mode of colony formation in a hydrozoan through fusion of sexually generated individuals. Current Biology, 22, 825 - 829." type="journal article" year="2012">Nawrocki & Cartwright 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FB1BFB58FEB5FB1F" author="Brinckmann-Voss" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. & Calder, D. R. (2013) Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae), a new species of anthoathecate hydroid from the coast of British Columbia, Canada. Zootaxa, 3666 (3), 389 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3666.3.9" type="journal article" year="2013">Brinckmann-Voss & Calder 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, colony formation of a distinctly different kind is known to occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FB1FFB3CFE47FAE3" authority="Ellis & Solander, 1786" authorityName="Ellis & Solander" authorityYear="1786" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="larynx">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FB1FFB3CFA6CFB1F" box="[1232,1436,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ectopleura larynx</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FF50FB10FE5FFAE3" author="Ellis" box="[159,431,1273,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Ellis, J. & Solander, D. (1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis … Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. Benjamin White & Son, and Peter Elmsly, London, 206 pp." type="book" year="1786">Ellis & Solander, 1786</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FE09FB10FCDEFAE3" author="Nawrocki" box="[454,814,1273,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Nawrocki, A. M. & Cartwright, P. (2012) A novel mode of colony formation in a hydrozoan through fusion of sexually generated individuals. Current Biology, 22, 825 - 829." type="journal article" year="2012">Nawrocki & Cartwright (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discovered that colonies in that species were formed through the fusion of sexually generated polyps rather than by asexual propagation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C314655A4924FF89FF08FAA8FE65F9C3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14924FF89FF08FAA8FC13FA37" blockId="8.[151,1436,1057,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B663C8C4924FF89FF08FAA8FC6BFA53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457688618" elevation="30" location="Woods Hole" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="31" stateProvince="Massachusetts" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FF08FAA8FE65FAAB" ID-CoL="59JZL" box="[199,405,1345,1370]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FF08FAA8FE65FAAB" box="[199,405,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tubularia acadiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported at depths from extreme low water spring (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FBFAFAA8FA62FAAB" author="Bleakney" box="[1077,1426,1345,1370]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Bleakney, J. S. (1972) Ecological implications of annual variation in tidal extremes. Ecology, 53, 933 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1934311" type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
Bleakney 1972, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FAC6FAABFA62FAAB" ID-CoL="59K29" box="[1289,1426,1345,1370]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FAC6FAABFA62FAAB" box="[1289,1426,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B344924FF89FF7CFA8FFF1BFA8C" box="[179,235,1382,1406]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="30.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0023D1E24924FF89FF7CFA8FFF1BFA8C" box="[179,235,1382,1406]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FF36FA8FFE6DFA8F" author="Petersen" box="[249,413,1382,1406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B588734924FF89FE60FA8FFE16FA8F" box="[431,486,1382,1406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material, comprising
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D08FD584924FF89FD14FA8FFC83FA8F" box="[731,883,1381,1406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">31 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
reaching a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FC3CFA8CFB95FA8F" box="[1011,1125,1381,1406]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Keratosum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum">maximum</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B344924FF89FB46FA8FFB4FFA8C" box="[1161,1215,1382,1406]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, was collected on stones and shells in the area around
|
||
<location id="8ED1600A4924FF89FD95FA60FD19FA53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787C74929FF89FF58FCE0FE43F96F:8ED1600A4924FF89FD95FA60FD19FA53" box="[602,745,1417,1442]" name="Woods Hole" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Woods Hole</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334924FF89FD39FA60FC6BFA53" box="[758,923,1417,1442]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. It is a species of boreal waters, having been found during winter and spring both at its type locality and in Minas Basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14924FF89FF08FA38FE65F9C3" blockId="8.[151,1436,1057,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FF08FA38FE29FA1B" bold="true" box="[199,473,1489,1514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Recorded distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Bay of Fundy: recorded for the first time as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FC3EFA38FB3AFA1B" box="[1009,1226,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FC3EFA38FB36FA1B" ID-CoL="59JZL" box="[1009,1222,1489,1514]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acadiae">Tubularia acadiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Kingsport, Minas Basin, NS (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FED2FA1CFE3EF9FF" author="Bleakney" box="[285,462,1525,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Bleakney, J. S. (1972) Ecological implications of annual variation in tidal extremes. Ecology, 53, 933 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1934311" type="journal article" year="1972">Bleakney 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FE32FA1CFC47F9FF" ID-CoL="59K29" authority="L. Agassiz, 1860" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" box="[509,951,1525,1550]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FE32FA1CFD14F9FF" box="[509,740,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tubularia couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FD20FA1FFC47F9FF" author="Agassiz" box="[751,951,1525,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Agassiz, L. (1860) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. III. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 301 pp." type="book" year="1860">L. Agassiz, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Minas Basin, NS (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FB6BFA1CFE75F9C3" author="Bromley" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Bromley, J. E. C. & Bleakney, J. S. (1985) Keys to the fauna and flora of Minas Basin. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, 366 pp." type="book" year="1985">
|
||
Bromley & Bleakney 1985, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524924FF89FF34F9F3FE75F9C3" ID-CoL="59K29" box="[251,389,1561,1586]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couthouyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34924FF89FF34F9F3FE75F9C3" box="[251,389,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. couthouyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C314655A4924FF89FF08F9D7FE43F96F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14924FF89FF08F9D7FF2FF98B" blockId="8.[151,1436,1057,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334924FF89FEECF9D4FE94F9A7" box="[291,356,1597,1622]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
America: Minas Basin, NS (reported herein) to the Woods Hole area,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334924FF89FB45F9D4FADCF9A7" box="[1162,1324,1597,1622]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204924FF89FAF4F9D7FF23F98B" author="Petersen" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14924FF89FF08F96CFE43F96F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1057,1694]" box="[199,435,1669,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Elsewhere: as above.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |