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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297124" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905116760" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="D73F641C92E97D0CE4B8E76011BF2B8F" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Carnivora.532-628.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Panthera leo" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" lastPageNumber="546" masterDocId="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="532" pageNumber="546" updateTime="1716792096583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C8E8629CF7987A119EE9B55F3F5C5AB0">Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79745DD601EE4CBA8F2E6B880C7D0A94">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="654865E6A41F8B52A5C7F14FE6F531CF">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="B4B57F72723EBC20550971AFCF1A9906">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:title id="0129553E98AA90B68653E2DF968948FA">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="78CC0D5FEACD769FFA538B81CA37FA00" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D73F641C92E97D0CE4B8E76011BF2B8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11343923" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231548214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11343923" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D73F641C92E97D0CE4B8E76011BF2B8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D73F641C92E97D0CE4B8E76011BF2B8F" lastPageNumber="546" pageNumber="546" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000228">
<subSubSection id="B45D71C033E7E43099EF01645C6BEEB8" pageNumber="546" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B9131A02EC9A1C77184727642A0AD6DD" pageNumber="546">
<taxonomicName id="753C59C830808802058E6454719933A7" ID-CoL="4CGXP" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leo">
<emphasis id="B65D59F33138CC6A9A8E1ED547115FE7" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DF01BC4A5A5942D6BA011F929B43E4D5" pageNumber="546" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="31B2F54420BDCCAA5F4468FF098E53AE" pageNumber="546">
<treatmentCitation id="0664E6A38FF8B3CED7A13A07A76A9A12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3919883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3919883" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB265300-FB04-4DBA-B843-8DD236484EE4" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0AE4918C788BCA645E6F98C0E59A2B76" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="41" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leo" title="Felis leo" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="01D3846F68E94CE7B7DA3662BE840564" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leo">
<emphasis id="3239F2F4F6DD32FBA3B110034EE0ED45" italics="true" pageNumber="546">[Felis] leo</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D53BFDC0BCA95029411B04E7F9EA497" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="D8E04A6CDD6A1AB0BFE055E5AF0A9064" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="546" pagination="41" title="Felis leo" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 41</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37433D3A6DF133CFDF46D56C33F2933E" pageNumber="546" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D76B1C6084E39F1C2B354EF6F212C51E" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="5EE2D321E85D22110D700228118CACA0" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3C24E8EA785A302C118C2771A4564C4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867350524" country="Algeria" pageNumber="546" stateProvince="Constantine">
&quot;Africa&quot;, restricted by J. A.
<bibRefCitation id="763D9B1AA70AB77A51DC1BB2BA3BBACF" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5970" refString="Allen, J. A. 1924. Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47: 73 - 281." year="1924">Allen (1924:222)</bibRefCitation>
to &quot;the Barbary coast region of Africa, or, more explicitly,
<collectingRegion id="6ED03295038C9F69BD480A74F5E2C2E3" country="Algeria" name="Constantine">Constantine</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="3C69715C622BCC386DB39E073511E7B4" name="Algeria">Algeria</collectingCountry>
&quot;.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2699D8DA288CE8DB1C7C70AC8D1030A9" pageNumber="546" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="716C8DC219870BE56DB6246D444FAF30" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="29D404D7790E6BA719B48ECA8064D748" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="B99A74722BBF518931A551A181D31712" language="eng" pageNumber="546">Lion</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EF7D78EA45F9E7098A595AD0D11FF93" pageNumber="546" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="9B1069F0B78B2E259ACF3CE6E830E4CA" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="90AF7420AC9229E8B6EAFE0F09964F82" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Subspecies:</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD05C19F46A883AFAFA1C05C82ED5807" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="9975913EA38198C14707E72AB1118715" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leo" subSpecies="leo">
<emphasis id="7E2588CE5964D7BC2EE7F04B6E27E36D" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="BFB3A77D4717CB12E06A5A8903A8588F" italics="true" pageNumber="546">leo</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BAE1D30D7BC5474E1C5A87FCF42A3C64" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8DE2CFA4366696C37A4581BC839D0A90" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="9ECA9D126335ED7642753AECF5988AC0" authority="J. A. Allen 1924" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leo" subSpecies="azandica">
<emphasis id="919B4C8875D5F90044AC3EBD9554E6B5" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="588E93480D80EBF14065D13D8DB45EC9" italics="true" pageNumber="546">azandica</emphasis>
J. A.
<bibRefCitation id="86FE023ADF8717DC796691B7D341480A" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5970" refString="Allen, J. A. 1924. Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47: 73 - 281." year="1924">Allen 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E7ADEF2E8E815DD0DD65D5DE6ECAF76" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="E591BB52142D088CE51E24A5D547DB6A" authority="Lönnberg 1914" authorityName="Lönnberg" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leo" subSpecies="bleyenberghi">
<emphasis id="1118B6BEBED4F2FAB3C7CE60D68AE42F" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="8A2D6A23BE7FF758B2DCDEB0B8ADD4B9" italics="true" pageNumber="546">bleyenberghi</emphasis>
Lönnberg 1914
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CBF124E408219BC3A34CD8A0E675F342" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="349CE2C3FA1FF6A16A070D7F0B66B899" authority="J. A. Allen 1924" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leo" subSpecies="hollisteri">
<emphasis id="A5875AB0F9698E9E70889627984C7C34" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="7994EA6344BC0A9D298CC8EC79A3A535" italics="true" pageNumber="546">hollisteri</emphasis>
J. A.
<bibRefCitation id="F03C0755B64F91A8067B8E4E42A0FB52" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5970" refString="Allen, J. A. 1924. Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47: 73 - 281." year="1924">Allen 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF5E9C688E6B0CA5E07F27FACAE58996" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="79C558E1C39EC2DEA10C601F6F58DC61" authority="Matschie 1900" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leo" subSpecies="kamptzi">
<emphasis id="BEABAC656E951904ACA0B59B8BD25FC6" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="7BA9A874A1F79F1170E6E68EE501BA76" italics="true" pageNumber="546">kamptzi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D78AC9467BC74C0FAB1F3AB9CCA7E229" author="Matschie, P." refId="ref230457" refString="Matschie, P. 1900. Uber geographische Albarten des Afrikanischen elephantens. Sitzungsberichte Gesellschaft naturforschunde Freunde Berlin, 8: 189 - 197." year="1900">Matschie 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1FD773A833E434D589608D3D8D80BD86" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="B1AE0E3FB57AD3C1D0F446D5369A7B0F" authority="Roberts 1929" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1929" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leo" subSpecies="krugeri">
<emphasis id="1DB42CD6752F24A538CCF9A9B30AAB64" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="A009D6491325787C55FD32D032D11A36" italics="true" pageNumber="546">krugeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B567F1696D6BA863A928BDCFCB46FB5A" author="Roberts, A." refId="ref306478" refString="Roberts, A. 1929. New forms of African mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 13: 82 - 121." year="1929">Roberts 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="458696B634D54C7FB228A2E062A036F6" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="2D598182E3A2FC19E007A304F847B4C5" authority="Neumann 1900" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leo" subSpecies="massaica">
<emphasis id="10CBF31894CB6F92A78B8E678F9DB6EB" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="0CDC07C3ED9A5893AD79AE900C0016C7" italics="true" pageNumber="546">massaica</emphasis>
Neumann 1900
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9DBDD737F112E067F287144CAD3974F1" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4FEE09F8771AA411F089034B89DCE2AE" authority="C. E. H. Smith 1858" authorityName="C. E. H. Smith" authorityYear="1858" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leo" subSpecies="melanochaita">
<emphasis id="DFAA1288C1956EB0B0CD5DE0FAEADA6B" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="ABA3741CB524F779BB8A0E5FA09A152E" italics="true" pageNumber="546">melanochaita</emphasis>
C. E. H. Smith 1858
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C0013108E45D9FA319DB4323DB5A7D02" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="1741DDDA92F1339F1ADBC527434B029A" authority="Heller 1913" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leo" subSpecies="nyanzae">
<emphasis id="E92B5DF1313AFDF256A99BE22710A802" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="A70D3451EB2FC1327CDA35850714683F" italics="true" pageNumber="546">nyanzae</emphasis>
Heller 1913
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3424ABEE77C58E51E45F598DABB13F91" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="C1E9C3C4045B14B4B32E9E38368F451F" authority="Meyer 1826" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leo" subSpecies="persica">
<emphasis id="F1DB07BA48C7B5914B0BFEC048EB1AB8" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="39C8FE8B16EAD820507CFE0F6487C0B2" italics="true" pageNumber="546">persica</emphasis>
Meyer 1826
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89535A3B2C0C1D53315E497E5C08313D" pageNumber="546">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="ADFA21E78C42390594F980516D4D6B9E" authority="J. N. von Meyer 1826" authorityName="J. N. von Meyer" authorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leo" subSpecies="senegalensis">
<emphasis id="238B9F0C238B6448166925236B183A57" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera leo</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="4E54DE898666DC7E82E2CDD75DF6B241" italics="true" pageNumber="546">senegalensis</emphasis>
J. N. von Meyer 1826
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E27F47B9D05A70B3A64390640CE9931" pageNumber="546" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AEAD290AA8E62BC907EDDF7F099EDE3F" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="3DE1EA0032F82E8D7F73A8D2E9F5B445" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1E8F68BA2DEBC0151B3B969C2CB27C4C" name="Angola">Angola</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="58ED45F40E3F6865E7FE662FEF13B3E2" name="Benin">Benin</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A52DCABDE644BF9D7A3CD77D47DB2A6C" name="Botswana">Botswana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="33B5FAC765D03234EA53645938DB2A68" name="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1C90BF3194FEDE239877E2E61BD9A32" name="Burundi">Burundi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CE4394F1441F2AD4A9213A277465E4D1" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4B5A4A7A6349F420C78349B14FEC3D04" name="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="AC6EB68950BFA1DE4D3CB77EDA8FDAC1" name="Chad">Chad</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="36C2984C216D4CB770351836B900FC68" name="Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8C9E06A002E2FFCD2778BD728FE78658" name="Eritrea">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C24B025C8F4B534DF64000C4929214B5" name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="ECCFE0BC4904670F3940EBDDC0143476" name="Gabon">Gabon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A271D9A8310BEA0E9D5D5A0C565A4220" name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="155910BEB5FFF8AB5B3A2EB5B0ED1DC5" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="68E6A33D8B8F20F50F626374FF757D12" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</collectingCountry>
(?),
<collectingCountry id="A279A049547AC9758AE8800CFE2B25A3" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1EE1542F6B7A8C30C4C4855520CCC2D7" name="Lesotho">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C5A0FA8D81C9D4DE285173CB6EC55BD9" name="Malawi">Malawi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4BAEBE8C3C193694D9A35D6FA5A0A7A3" name="Serbia">Mali</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B784EB9571247A4F2CAB621C14EF9E28" name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="008154352F365D2978530C8B0D3BAEE8" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="13FB3FFF38505222A30B458EA9B9F6A7" name="Niger">Niger</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C292A4BB36CA60C842737A5B32C3A6FE" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="18910A2C86996726EC1BA1E4555993FE" name="Senegal">Senegal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6C763B25118F9AC961818485F2328528" name="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FEE9D1E1674521BC95CD08A255127868" name="Somalia">Somalia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5FC1C0ACEB8401CE27F04DE53B747EDF" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EBDD3365B05D7188D01C10462FC33C95" name="Sudan">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9FEB896E5344CB996BCC230564A45D7F" name="Swaziland">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2C6AB304FEDC02B1C7C7D33D6A188359" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="AF7AF014854D78FC03D4A8C6CC734941" name="Togo">Togo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B953CA1461498BBF70144B80EB65FB2E" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4869256A4E27F8D810274A401DAD8887" name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3A96726611AC8102849F1FF484180A92" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
. Recently extinct:
<collectingCountry id="48DF58EB046DCF37F7681AD0C4E9F07F" name="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="039CB52FDFECBA91CC1CB87146DE8430" name="Algeria">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D215F465BC16D72416EA1656956041D" name="Egypt">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C12F02602D91D9E4E52CAD84A560FFE3" name="Gambia">Gambia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="AFC93BD211972873B87641F679AFFE64" name="Iraq">Iraq</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D23555789BEA7BF42631E8E481AFB589" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="694431F4B4F379FF79D73A2E1E554504" name="Jordan">Jordan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="842F6CC9CD9384FE59230B9AA548F6AD" name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="879443800A017A27DF3D6656218A004E" name="Lebanon">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="AC7B982BDC6312CB5C6BEEDB4EC4A403" name="Libya">Libya</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7753410ACA96BDB7696543649ED0D579" name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="575DE42964C0E29DF1C8549DC72D3BB9" name="Mauritania">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="96FAD12AC49006CC155FE3488A710041" name="Morocco">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="85C4A6A2474F379F442A1CD82FF05D9E" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4D7113B697207470C557C86A622148D0" name="Republic of the Congo">Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="32E0B1DB82148EF4EDA3947EFA79E218" name="Rwanda">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1CDCC5EF8FF41E53A5D7DD5F97CE9307" name="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1A6CB305C1E6AE59864AB329BA71E0F0" name="Syria">Syrian Arab Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4AB40CA169454995B89EFDCA8792040D" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F8CD813B8D59DA5305315C7943A144F7" name="Tunisia">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F61A493EE9CCA3A3EDE9C57B09C1FB44" name="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FD16B0C48B7F8D739CD7892528FCDC4" pageNumber="546" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="D9BA921FDDFCD1134B73DB9445931485" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="92AB0987BCE7AA13036E5F8B54F07951" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C9B199C448D054A615401B1F7D7B7FD4">CITES</collectionCode>
Appendix I as
<emphasis id="77EF1CC77786D2CBB3C75E7A18A6E95F" italics="true" pageNumber="546">P. l. persica</emphasis>
; otherwise Appendix II;
<collectingCountry id="3DE861EF29FD40FD7C54FA2E4475C976" name="United States of America">U.S.</collectingCountry>
<collectionCode id="4A31DB942C70EBDC306688DD15A50D30" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
Endangered as
<emphasis id="8BD7F841E118B383413EEED4DEEED044" italics="true" pageNumber="546">P. l. persica</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="1E6C7837DCE9690A01C1FB4D1E3BDC18">IUCN</collectionCode>
Critically Endangered as
<emphasis id="15B7FF22AF0F52F67C303846D68ECE91" italics="true" pageNumber="546">P. l. persica</emphasis>
, otherwise Vulnerable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72212E410436731CD0E2A47EF9D87671" pageNumber="546" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="92BEEDD4D298929FB1A0427A8F14F0D3" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="0544472633100522396C3A1E295B671B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="546">Discussion:</emphasis>
Synonyms allocated according to
<bibRefCitation id="C619A0A08E04FC1AFF19637F0B2BC18E" author="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951)</bibRefCitation>
; G. M.
<bibRefCitation id="DB2C4F382515151C25061581CC89794B" author="Allen, G. M." refId="ref4894" refString="Allen, G. M. 1939. A checklist of African mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 83: 1 - 763." year="1939">Allen (1939)</bibRefCitation>
. Revised by
<bibRefCitation id="AFC25AB84F22885008ACDD46E27EBDDD" author="Pocock, R. I." refId="ref289927" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1930 c. The lions of Asia. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 34 (3): 638 - 665." year="1930">
Pocock (1930
<emphasis id="F96C2EB80B9AA1EDEA1A5D2FB31CEE4F" italics="true" pageNumber="546">c</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. Placed in
<taxonomicName id="3A214D14ED75D4F27A514EAE00405539" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25EF767B9FD93DA41521B9E431DF7A38" italics="true" pageNumber="546">Panthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="FD9440102DE4480151B7AA2A105BE839" author="Pocock, R. I." refId="ref289927" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1930 c. The lions of Asia. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 34 (3): 638 - 665." year="1930">
Pocock (1930
<emphasis id="9CE60706F158410B728B92ABA0F20FF9" italics="true" pageNumber="546">c</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B8A823CD49E374BA63642E45AA4F7435" author="Weigel, I." refId="ref386565" refString="Weigel, I. 1961. Das Fellmuster der wildlebenden Katzenarten und der Hauskatze in Vergleichender und Stammesgeschicher Hinsicht. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 9: 1 - 120." year="1961">Weigel (1961)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C818153BC10538A244EDE34DED35F9BA" author="Hemmer, H." refId="ref146820" refString="Hemmer, H. 1978. The evolutionary systematics of living Felidae: Present status and current problems. Carnivore, 1 (1): 71 - 79." year="1978">Hemmer (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, Kratochvíl (1982
<emphasis id="980F31FB278C340FA5B145E67710090C" italics="true" pageNumber="546">c</emphasis>
), and
<bibRefCitation id="4A766CA4EFF8C293967730697787A8B7" author="Groves, C. P." refId="ref131596" refString="Groves, C. P. 1982 a. Cranial and dental characteristics in the systematics of Old World Felidae. Carnivore, 5 (2): 28 - 39." year="1982">
Groves (1982
<emphasis id="05DD4AF791920197F3B77FA22944B8AD" italics="true" pageNumber="546">a</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>