503 lines
67 KiB
XML
503 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="632110E3C29442962C5DE00C8303583D" ID-CLB-Dataset="5778" ID-DOI="10.1206/673.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="18b68489-7260-4697-942e-f4034183fe70" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4712995" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619136610972" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Meng, Jin, Kraatz, Brian P., Wang, Yuanqing, Ni, Xijun, Gebo, Daniel L & Beard, K. Christopher" docDate="2009" docId="785587BBDB23FF9E37983BA68104F925" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2009.3670.1-11.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3670" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/673.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gomphos shevyrevae Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard 2009, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="846CFFC3DB20FF98373939568207FFFD" masterDocTitle="A New Species of Gomphos (Glires, Mammalia) from the Eocene of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698937521636" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="7DF3A3811DAD2683C1B82C8827B8B26A">A New Species of Gomphos (Glires, Mammalia) from the Eocene of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3818A9C1E7FE930D6994BC505428444D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9D9731E045DD94AB20761DD1FCA21745">Meng, Jin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D2C1C80479E520050F8AFBE2DDBD4CA5">Kraatz, Brian P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="382CAB4009DA789B9EEE5EAC18487739">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="354E4D61E1399830AB6927F7B97C129D">Wang, Yuanqing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11DD513A5A6520BB7AF46083E9290C43">Ni, Xijun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55D806DE2F213C3A5227FF93CC9629E6">Gebo, Daniel L</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8808AEFDD71C855D1BB122FCADF143E">Beard, K. Christopher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="90F4F1A175BA6ADD03D7C8BB381F18A0">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A419F847FE5A6B21975A3C7A1A8220E2">
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<mods:date id="C9F946E22C9738FB29BFCB1271B2C20C">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="89419DFC0DDEEFDB95B5C05CA029162D">2009-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4A662E8CC99A3991DD33B77E4EA6EE66">3670</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D6C70C79A7AD037A9936F15D78651AFB" type="CLB-Dataset">5778</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD357AF56672992393D190AE1F1A7D46" type="DOI">10.1206/673.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="785587BBDB23FF9E37983BA68104F925" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062741" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183238316" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5062741" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:785587BBDB23FF9E37983BA68104F925" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/785587BBDB23FF9E37983BA68104F925" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="B8E66526DB23FF9B37983BA6801CFCF5" box="[161,539,752,776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F04336ADDB23FF9B37983BA6801CFCF5" blockId="3.[161,539,752,776]" box="[161,539,752,776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="AB0B81C1DB23FF9B37983BA6801CFCF5" box="[161,539,752,776]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B37983BA6838FFCF5" authority="Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard, 2009" authorityName="Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard" authorityYear="2009" box="[161,392,752,776]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="shevyrevae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B37983BA6838FFCF5" bold="true" box="[161,392,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gomphos shevyrevae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9BB57C4DB23FF9B36A13BA6801CFCF5" box="[408,539,752,776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B8E66526DB23FF9B374B3A788047FC99" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F04336ADDB23FF9B374B3A78804FFCBB" blockId="3.[88,614,814,1754]" box="[114,584,814,838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<materialsCitation id="40943CF0DB23FF9B374B3A78804FFCBB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3313390302" accessionNumber="V14669" box="[114,584,814,838]" collectionCode="IVPP, V" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="2F47880FDB23FF9B374B3A7882E4FCB9" box="[114,227,814,838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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: A right M1 (
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<collectionCode id="96EDAE68DB23FF9B36A33A7883DEFCBB" box="[410,473,814,838]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wd8c-kdma" name="Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">IVPP</collectionCode>
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<accessionNumber id="EFAFAB4EDB23FF9B36DB3A78803BFCBB" box="[482,572,814,838]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V14669" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="EnaNcbi">
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<collectionCode id="96EDAE68DB23FF9B36DB3A7883F1FCBB" box="[482,502,814,838]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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14669
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</accessionNumber>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F04336ADDB23FF9B374B3A1A8047FC99" blockId="3.[88,614,814,1754]" box="[114,576,844,868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<materialsCitation id="40943CF0DB23FF9B374B3A1A803BFC99" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3313390301" accessionNumber="V14670" box="[114,572,844,868]" collectionCode="IVPP, V" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="2F47880FDB23FF9B374B3A1A82E7FC9E" box="[114,224,844,868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
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: A right m1 (
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<collectionCode id="96EDAE68DB23FF9B36AB3A1A83D6FC99" box="[402,465,844,868]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wd8c-kdma" name="Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">IVPP</collectionCode>
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<accessionNumber id="EFAFAB4EDB23FF9B36E33A1A8033FC99" box="[474,564,844,868]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V14670" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="EnaNcbi">
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<collectionCode id="96EDAE68DB23FF9B36E33A1A83E9FC99" box="[474,494,844,868]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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14670
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</accessionNumber>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B8E66526DB23FF9B374B3A3D8377FBE8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F04336ADDB23FF9B374B3A3D8377FBE8" blockId="3.[88,614,814,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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INCLUDED SPECIMENS: A right P4 (or P3) (V14671.1), a right M1 (V14671.2), a right M2 (V14671.3), a left M2 (V14671.4), a right m1 (V14672.1), a right m2 (V14672.2), a left m3 (V14672.3), a left calcaneus (
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<accessionNumber id="EFAFAB4EDB23FF9B36963AB6800DFC05" box="[431,522,992,1016]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V14673" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="EnaNcbi">V14673</accessionNumber>
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), and a left astragalus (
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<accessionNumber id="EFAFAB4EDB23FF9B36313AAB8363FBE8" box="[264,356,1021,1045]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V14674" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="EnaNcbi">V14674</accessionNumber>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B8E66526DB23FF9B374B3D4A8061FBAC" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="F04336ADDB23FF9B374B3D4A8061FBAC" blockId="3.[88,614,814,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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ETYMOLOGY: The species name is in honor of N.S. Shevyreva who named
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<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B36913D6F8059FBAC" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[424,606,1081,1105]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
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<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B36913D6F8059FBAC" box="[424,606,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gomphos elkema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B8E66526DB23FF9B374B3D01800BFA4F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F04336ADDB23FF9B374B3D01800BFA4F" blockId="3.[88,614,814,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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DIAGNOSIS: Differs from
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<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B369C3D0E8062FB8D" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[421,613,1112,1136]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
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<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B369C3D0E8062FB8D" box="[421,613,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gomphos elkema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B37B23D2382E6FB70" box="[139,225,1141,1165]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ellae">
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<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B37B23D2382E6FB70" box="[139,225,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. ellae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having more robust teeth with higher crowns, inflated cusps; upper molars with more posteriorly expanded hypocone and shelf; absence of the ridge connecting the lingual and labial cusps on P4; lower molars with relatively long trigonid and short talonid, reduced mesoconid and hypoconulid, and absence of the mesostylid; further differs from
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<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B37613C3682D4FA85" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[88,211,1376,1400]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
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<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B37613C3682D4FA85" box="[88,211,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. elkema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having extra facets on the calcaneus for articulation with the astragalus and navicular (unknown for
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<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B369C3CCD83FBFA4E" box="[421,508,1435,1459]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ellae">
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<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B369C3CCD83FBFA4E" box="[421,508,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. ellae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B8E66526DB23FF9B374B3CEF8062F927" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB23FF9B374B3CEF8331F9D4" blockId="3.[88,614,814,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="96EDAE68DB23FF9B374B3CEF8389FA32" box="[114,398,1465,1489]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TYPE LOCALITY AND AGE</collectionCode>
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: Huheboerhe escarpment, Erlian Basin of Nei-Mongol, Middle Eocene lower beds of the Irdin Manha Formation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F04336ADDB23FF9B374B3F798062F927" blockId="3.[88,614,814,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION: Measurements of all teeth are in table 1. The tooth we identified as a P4 could also be a P3 (
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<figureCitation id="68C72A28DB23FF9B35233F3C805FF97F" box="[538,600,1642,1666]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,189,1065,1087]" captionTargetBox="[156,1198,211,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-278@4.[156,1200,211,1031]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Crown views of upper cheek teeth of Gomphos shevyrevae from the lower Irdin Manha Formation, Huheboerhe at Erlian, Nei Mongol. A, right P4 (or P3) (V14671.1); B, right M1 (V14669, holotype); C, right M1 (V14671.2); D, right M2 (V14671.3); E, left M2 (V14671.4). Scale bars are 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4713001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4713001/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). However, the anterior border of P3 is usually narrower than the posterior border in
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<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B37613F9482B8F927" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[88,191,1730,1754]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B37613F9482B8F927" box="[88,191,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gomphos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This tooth has its anterior portion
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B8E66526DB23FF9E345639858104F925" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB23FF9B3456398586A4FEFF" blockId="3.[662,1187,211,258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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TABLE 1
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<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B35AF39BA86A4FEFF" bold="true" box="[662,1187,236,258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Tooth measurements of
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<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B34BA39BA8656FEFF" authorityName="Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard" authorityYear="2009" box="[899,1105,236,258]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="shevyrevae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B34BA39BA8656FEFF" bold="true" box="[899,1105,236,258]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gomphos shevyrevae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in mm)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB23FF9B35AF3BC880DCFAFF" blockId="3.[662,1188,670,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
as wide as the posterior and bears a tiny posterolingual cusp, suggesting that it is likely a right P4. The P4 is a recently erupted tooth that bears no wear. As is typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B330C3BA0869BFCF3" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[1077,1180,758,782]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B330C3BA0869BFCF3" box="[1077,1180,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gomphos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the P4 is unilaterally hypsodont and consists of a lingual main cusp, presumably the protocone, and a labial cusp. The lingual cusp is crescent shaped, and its two lophs form the anterior and posterior edges of the tooth. The labial cusp is conical, having a steeper labial surface and a more rounded lingual surface. Unlike P4 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B340B3AB481F7FC07" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[818,1008,994,1018]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B340B3AB481F7FC07" box="[818,1008,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gomphos elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which P4 is known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB23FF9B35CA3AA981B9FBEA" author="Meng, J. & G. J. Bowen & J. Ye & P. L. Koch & S. - Y. Ting & Q. Li & X. Jin" box="[755,958,1023,1047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref6446" refString="Meng, J., G. J. Bowen, J. Ye, P. L. Koch, S. - Y. Ting, Q. Li, and X. Jin. 2004. Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China. American Museum Novitates 3425: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2004">Meng et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB23FF9B34F23AA98690FBEA" author="Asher, R. J. & J. Meng & M. C. McKenna & J. R. Wible & D. Dashzeveg & G. Rougier & M. J. Novacek" box="[971,1175,1023,1047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1091 - 1094" refId="ref5041" refString="Asher, R. J., J. Meng, M. C. McKenna, J. R. Wible, D. Dashzeveg, G. Rougier, and M. J. Novacek. 2005. Stem Lagomorpha and the antiquity of Glires. Science 307: 1091 - 1094." type="journal article" year="2005">Asher et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the ridge connecting the two cusps is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B35AF3D6C8135FBAF" authorityName="Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard" authorityYear="2009" box="[662,818,1082,1106]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="shevyrevae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B35AF3D6C8135FBAF" box="[662,818,1082,1106]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. shevyrevae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; instead, there is a weak ridge extending from the labial cusp anterolingually to join the midpoint of the anterior loph. The absence of a connection between the lingual and labial cusps of P4 recalls the condition found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B34303D9B817AFB18" baseAuthorityName="Li" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[777,893,1229,1253]" class="Mammalia" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Mimotona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B34303D9B817AFB18" box="[777,893,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mimotona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB23FF9B34AA3D9B81FFFB18" author="Li, C. - K." box="[915,1016,1229,1253]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="103 - 118" refId="ref5999" refString="Li, C. - K. 1977. Paleocene eurymyloids (Anagalida, Mammalia) of Quianshan, Anhui. Vertebrata Palasiatica 15: 103 - 118." type="journal article" year="1977">Li, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB23FF9B33333D9B80D7FAFF" author="Li, C. - K. & S. - Y. Ting" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="151 - 158" refId="ref6028" refString="Li, C. - K., and S. - Y. Ting. 1993. New cranial and postcranial evidence for the affinities of the eurymylids (Rodentia) and mimotonids (Lagomorpha). In: F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna (editors), Mammal phylogeny: placentals: 151 - 158. New York: Springer." type="book chapter" year="1993">Li and Ting, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB23FF9C35893C5E8031F966" blockId="3.[662,1188,670,1754]" lastBlockId="4.[128,654,1191,1751]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Upper molars have one major lingual and two minor labial roots. The enamel is thick. M1 is so assigned because its hypocone and shelf are less expanded posteriorly than those of M2, and M1 is usually proportionally shorter than M2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68C72A28DB23FF9B345D3CCA81A5FA49" box="[868,930,1436,1460]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,189,1065,1087]" captionTargetBox="[156,1198,211,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-278@4.[156,1200,211,1031]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Crown views of upper cheek teeth of Gomphos shevyrevae from the lower Irdin Manha Formation, Huheboerhe at Erlian, Nei Mongol. A, right P4 (or P3) (V14671.1); B, right M1 (V14669, holotype); C, right M1 (V14671.2); D, right M2 (V14671.3); E, left M2 (V14671.4). Scale bars are 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4713001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4713001/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). M1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B33333CCA86A3FA49" authorityName="Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard" authorityYear="2009" box="[1034,1188,1436,1460]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="shevyrevae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B33333CCA86A3FA49" box="[1034,1188,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. shevyrevae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B349B3CEF861CFA2C" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[930,1051,1465,1489]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B349B3CEF861CFA2C" box="[930,1051,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in general morphology. However, the M1 and other upper cheek teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB23FF9B34AD3CA28637F9F1" authorityName="Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard" authorityYear="2009" box="[916,1072,1524,1548]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="shevyrevae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B34AD3CA28637F9F1" box="[916,1072,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. shevyrevae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more robust with more inflated cusps and stronger lophs. The protocone and its anterior and posterior lophs form a V-shaped structure with a slightly rounded apex (the lingual side of the protocone). The angle created by the lophs is about 45
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB23FF9B34653FF38161F940" bold="true" box="[860,870,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">°</emphasis>
|
||
. The lingual portion of the anterior loph may be homologized with the preprotocrista and the labial portion, which is much thinner, with the preparaconule crista. A paraconule (protoconule) is not distinct, but is indicated by a slight inflation where the postparaconule crista joins the anterior loph. Absence of the paraconule is common in basal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB24FF9C37B93C0C82C0FA8F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[128,199,1370,1394]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Glires" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Glires</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both in simplicidentates, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB24FF9C37B93C2E82F7FA6D" box="[128,240,1400,1424]" class="Mammalia" family="Eurymylidae" genus="Matutinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mixodontia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C37B93C2E82F7FA6D" box="[128,240,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Matutinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB24FF9C36783C2E83D9FA6D" authorityName="Zhai" authorityYear="1978" box="[321,478,1400,1424]" class="Mammalia" family="Eurymylidae" genus="Rhombomylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mixodontia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C36783C2E83D9FA6D" box="[321,478,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Rhombomylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB24FF9C36C03C2182BFFA50" author="Ting, S. - Y. & J. Meng & M. C. McKenna & C. - K. Li" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref7312" refString="Ting, S. - Y., J. Meng, M. C. McKenna, and C. - K. Li. 2002. The osteology of Matutinia (Simplicidentata, Mammalia) and its relationship to Rhombomylus. American Museum Novitates 3371: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2002">Ting et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB24FF9C37FC3CC38395FA50" author="Meng, J. & Y. - M. Hu & C. - K. Li" box="[197,402,1429,1453]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 247" refId="ref6520" refString="Meng, J., Y. - M. Hu, and C. - K. Li. 2003. The osteology of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): implications for phylogeny and evolution of Glires. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 275: 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="2003">Meng et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and duplicidentates, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB24FF9C37E53CE58357FA36" baseAuthorityName="Li" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[220,336,1459,1483]" class="Mammalia" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Mimotona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C37E53CE58357FA36" box="[220,336,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mimotona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB24FF9C36B43CE583F3FA36" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[397,500,1459,1483]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C36B43CE583F3FA36" box="[397,500,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gomphos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB24FF9C353F3CE58060FA36" author="Li, C. - K." box="[518,615,1459,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="103 - 118" refId="ref5999" refString="Li, C. - K. 1977. Paleocene eurymyloids (Anagalida, Mammalia) of Quianshan, Anhui. Vertebrata Palasiatica 15: 103 - 118." type="journal article" year="1977">Li, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB24FF9C354C3CE58332FA14" author="Li, C. - K. & S. - Y. Ting" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="151 - 158" refId="ref6028" refString="Li, C. - K., and S. - Y. Ting. 1993. New cranial and postcranial evidence for the affinities of the eurymylids (Rodentia) and mimotonids (Lagomorpha). In: F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna (editors), Mammal phylogeny: placentals: 151 - 158. New York: Springer." type="book chapter" year="1993">Li and Ting, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB24FF9C367D3C87801FFA14" author="Meng, J. & G. J. Bowen & J. Ye & P. L. Koch & S. - Y. Ting & Q. Li & X. Jin" box="[324,536,1489,1513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref6446" refString="Meng, J., G. J. Bowen, J. Ye, P. L. Koch, S. - Y. Ting, Q. Li, and X. Jin. 2004. Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China. American Museum Novitates 3425: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2004">Meng et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is usually present in taxa that are more closely related to rodents and in basal rodents, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB24FF9C37993F7C8352F9BF" baseAuthorityName="Meng and Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[160,341,1578,1602]" class="Mammalia" family="Alagomyidae" genus="Tribosphenomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C37993F7C8352F9BF" box="[160,341,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tribosphenomys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB24FF9C365F3F7C8032F9BF" author="Meng, J. & A. R. Wyss & M. R. Dawson & R. - J. Zhai" box="[358,565,1578,1602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="134 - 136" refId="ref6927" refString="Meng, J., A. R. Wyss, M. R. Dawson, and R. - J. Zhai. 1994. Primitive fossil rodent from Inner Mongolia and its implications for mammalian phylogeny. Nature 370: 134 - 136." type="journal article" year="1994">Meng et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB24FF9C357B3F7C808EF9BF" author="Meng, J. & X. - J. Ni & C. - K. Li & K. C. Beard & D. L. Gebo & Y. - Q. Wang & H. - J. Wang" box="[578,649,1578,1602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref6671" refString="Meng, J., X. - J. Ni, C. - K. Li, K. C. Beard, D. L. Gebo, Y. - Q. Wang, and H. - J. Wang. 2007 b. New material of Alagomyidae (Mammalia, Glires) from the late Paleocene Subeng locality, Inner Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3597: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="2007">2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB24FF9C37B93F1E8380F99D" author="Meng, J. & A. R. Wyss" box="[128,391,1608,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref6826" refString="Meng, J., and A. R. Wyss. 2001. The morphology of Tribosphenomys (Rodentiaformes, Mammalia): phylogenetic implications for basal Glires. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 8: 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="2001">Meng and Wyss, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB24FF9C36A43F1E8320F983" authority="(Meng et al., 2007 b)" baseAuthorityName="Meng" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Alagomyidae" genus="Neimengomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C36A43F1E803EF99D" box="[413,569,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Neimengomys</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB24FF9C35733F1E8318F983" author="Meng, J. & X. - J. Ni & C. - K. Li & K. C. Beard & D. L. Gebo & Y. - Q. Wang & H. - J. Wang" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref6671" refString="Meng, J., X. - J. Ni, C. - K. Li, K. C. Beard, D. L. Gebo, Y. - Q. Wang, and H. - J. Wang. 2007 b. New material of Alagomyidae (Mammalia, Glires) from the late Paleocene Subeng locality, Inner Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3597: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="2007">Meng et al., 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB24FF9C36053F3082C9F966" authority="(Meng et al., 2007 a)" baseAuthorityName="Meng" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Archetypomyidae" genus="Archetypomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C36053F3083DCF983" box="[316,475,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Archetypomys</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB24FF9C36CB3F3082C1F966" author="Meng, J. & C. - K. Li & X. - J. Ni & Y. - Q. Wang & K. C. Beard" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref6574" refString="Meng, J., C. - K. Li, X. - J. Ni, Y. - Q. Wang, and K. C. Beard. 2007 a. A new Eocene rodent from the lower Arshanto Formation in the Nuhetingboerhe (Camp Margetts) area, Inner Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3569: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2007">Meng et al., 2007a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB24FF9C36363FD58035F966" authority="(Li et al., 1989)" baseAuthorityName="Li" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[271,562,1667,1691]" class="Mammalia" family="Chapattimyidae" genus="Cocomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C36363FD58373F966" box="[271,372,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cocomys</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB24FF9C36BC3FD5802CF966" author="Li, C. - K. & J. - J. Zheng & S. - Y. Ting" box="[389,555,1667,1691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="179 - 192" refId="ref6104" refString="Li, C. - K., J. - J. Zheng, and S. - Y. Ting. 1989. The skull of Cocomys lingchaensis, an Early Eocene Ctenodactyloid Rodent of Asia. In C. C. Black and M. R. Dawson (editors), Papers on fossil rodents in honour of Albert Elmer Wood. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series 33: 179 - 192." type="book chapter" year="1989">Li et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A4836625DB24FF9C37AE3D7F86CBFB89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4713001" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4713001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4713001/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[151,189,1065,1087]" targetBox="[156,1198,211,1031]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB24FF9C37AE3D7F86CBFB89" blockId="4.[128,1228,1065,1140]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig. 2. Crown views of upper cheek teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB24FF9C35903D7F8179FBC3" authorityName="Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard" authorityYear="2009" box="[681,894,1065,1086]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="shevyrevae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C35903D7F8179FBC3" box="[681,894,1065,1086]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gomphos shevyrevae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the lower Irdin Manha Formation, Huheboerhe at Erlian, Nei Mongol.
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C35B33D1280A5FBA7" bold="true" box="[650,674,1092,1114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A,</emphasis>
|
||
right P4 (or P3) (V14671.1);
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C34DC3D1281FCFBA7" bold="true" box="[997,1019,1092,1114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B,</emphasis>
|
||
right M1 (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="EFAFAB4EDB24FF9C334E3D1286CFFBA7" box="[1143,1224,1092,1114]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V14669" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="EnaNcbi">V14669</accessionNumber>
|
||
, holotype);
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C37D63D088300FB89" bold="true" box="[239,263,1118,1140]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C,</emphasis>
|
||
right M1 (V14671.2);
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C36C93D08800EFB89" bold="true" box="[496,521,1118,1140]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D,</emphasis>
|
||
right M2 (V14671.3);
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C35CB3D08810FFB89" bold="true" box="[754,776,1118,1140]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E,</emphasis>
|
||
left M2 (V14671.4). Scale bars are 200
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C339C3D0986B5FB8E" bold="true" box="[1189,1202,1119,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">m</emphasis>
|
||
m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB24FF9C37A33FF48182F966" blockId="4.[128,654,1191,1751]" lastBlockId="4.[701,1228,1191,1751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
There is a weak ridge between the paracone and the anterior loph, which is probably the postparaconule crista. The metacone is small- er and more lingually positioned than the paracone. It is connected with the protocone by the posterior loph of the protocone. The latter loph is strong, almost as wide as the metacone. A mesostyle occurs at the posterior base of the paracone, which blocks the labial exit of the narrow trigon basin. The metaconule is present, but is difficult to distinguish in heavily worn specimens. In lightly worn specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68C72A28DB24FF9C34743C87819CFA14" box="[845,923,1489,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,189,1065,1087]" captionTargetBox="[156,1198,211,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-278@4.[156,1200,211,1031]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Crown views of upper cheek teeth of Gomphos shevyrevae from the lower Irdin Manha Formation, Huheboerhe at Erlian, Nei Mongol. A, right P4 (or P3) (V14671.1); B, right M1 (V14669, holotype); C, right M1 (V14671.2); D, right M2 (V14671.3); E, left M2 (V14671.4). Scale bars are 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4713001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4713001/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
) a broader wear facet indicates the metaconule that must be higher and broader than the crista in order for such a wear pattern to be created. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB24FF9C33133F7C869AF9BF" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[1066,1181,1578,1602]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB24FF9C33133F7C869AF9BF" box="[1066,1181,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the posterior loph of the protocone is relatively slimmer and there is usually a restriction labial to the protocone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB24FF9D35E13FF4801DFA10" blockId="4.[701,1228,1191,1751]" lastBlockId="5.[88,614,1170,1754]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The hypocone and the postcingulum are well developed, and both structures are expanded posteriorly. The hypocone is separated from the protocone by a transverse groove, and a similar condition occurs on M2. This condition appears to differ from the morphology prevailing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB25FF9D37933C5E8318FADD" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[170,287,1288,1312]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D37933C5E8318FADD" box="[170,287,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB25FF9D365A3C5E83BBFADD" box="[355,444,1288,1312]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D365A3C5E83BBFADD" box="[355,444,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. ellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In well-worn specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68C72A28DB25FF9D37E63C738337FAC0" box="[223,304,1317,1341]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,189,1065,1087]" captionTargetBox="[156,1198,211,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-278@4.[156,1200,211,1031]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Crown views of upper cheek teeth of Gomphos shevyrevae from the lower Irdin Manha Formation, Huheboerhe at Erlian, Nei Mongol. A, right P4 (or P3) (V14671.1); B, right M1 (V14669, holotype); C, right M1 (V14671.2); D, right M2 (V14671.3); E, left M2 (V14671.4). Scale bars are 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4713001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4713001/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), however, the protocone and hypocone become confluent. On the lingual surface of the tooth, a vertical groove between the protocone and hypocone exists near the occlusal surface of the tooth, and this feature also seems more pronounced than on upper molars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB25FF9D362C3C838382FA10" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[277,389,1493,1517]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D362C3C838382FA10" box="[277,389,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB25FF9D36863C838014FA10" box="[447,531,1493,1517]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D36863C838014FA10" box="[447,531,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. ellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A4836625DB25FF9D37493AA28661FBC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4713007" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4713007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4713007/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[112,150,1012,1034]" targetBox="[116,1158,210,978]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB25FF9D37493AA28661FBC2" blockId="5.[88,1188,1012,1087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Fig. 3. Lower molars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB25FF9D36B83AA28056FBF4" authorityName="Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard" authorityYear="2009" box="[385,593,1012,1033]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="shevyrevae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D36B83AA28056FBF4" box="[385,593,1012,1033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gomphos shevyrevae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the lower Irdin Manha Formation at Huheboerhe, Erlian, Nei Mongol.
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D36143D58836EFBD9" bold="true" box="[301,361,1038,1060]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A1–2,</emphasis>
|
||
crown and lingual views of right m1 (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="EFAFAB4EDB25FF9D35D33D58813CFBD9" box="[746,827,1038,1060]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V14670" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="EnaNcbi">V14670</accessionNumber>
|
||
, paratype);
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D348D3D5881CDFBD9" bold="true" box="[948,970,1038,1060]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B,</emphasis>
|
||
right m1 (V14672.1);
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D37613D7F8294FBC2" bold="true" box="[88,147,1065,1087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C1–2,</emphasis>
|
||
crown and labial views of right m2 (V14672.2);
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D35B53D7F80A3FBC2" bold="true" box="[652,676,1065,1087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D,</emphasis>
|
||
left m3 (V14672.3). Scale bars are 200
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D33073D7C864CFBC3" bold="true" box="[1086,1099,1066,1086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">m</emphasis>
|
||
m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB25FF9D374B3CA583A9F97C" blockId="5.[88,614,1170,1754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
M2 is similar to M
|
||
<quantity id="37049B48DB25FF9D36723CA58375F9F6" box="[331,370,1523,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
general morphology, but it is proportionally longer. The mesostyle is reduced, either being incorporated into the posterior base of the paracone or entirely absent. No M3 was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB25FF9E374B3FD182DCFC84" blockId="5.[88,614,1170,1754]" lastBlockId="6.[128,654,686,1753]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The lower molars have an anterior and a posterior root. The tooth crown is somewhat higher than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB25FF9D36013F9483AFF927" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[312,424,1730,1754]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D36013F9483AFF927" box="[312,424,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB25FF9D36DA3F94803FF927" box="[483,568,1730,1754]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D36DA3F94803FF927" box="[483,568,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. ellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As in the upper molars, the enamel appears thicker than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB25FF9D34B53DE68606FB35" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[908,1025,1200,1224]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D34B53DE68606FB35" box="[908,1025,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB25FF9D337A3DE6869BFB35" box="[1091,1180,1200,1224]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D337A3DE6869BFB35" box="[1091,1180,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. ellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The m1 is identified as such because it has a transversely oriented, ridgelike hypoconulid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68C72A28DB25FF9D35A43C5E80D3FADD" box="[669,724,1288,1312]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[112,150,1012,1034]" captionTargetBox="[116,1158,210,978]" captionTargetId="figure-295@5.[116,1160,210,978]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Lower molars of Gomphos shevyrevae from the lower Irdin Manha Formation at Huheboerhe, Erlian, Nei Mongol. A1–2, crown and lingual views of right m1 (V14670, paratype); B, right m1 (V14672.1); C1–2, crown and labial views of right m2 (V14672.2); D, left m3 (V14672.3). Scale bars are 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4713007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4713007/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB25FF9D342F3C5E817AFADD" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[790,893,1288,1312]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D342F3C5E817AFADD" box="[790,893,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gomphos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lower molar hypoconulid becomes more pronounced posteriorly. The m1 and m2 are very similar except that m2 has a more posteriorly projecting hypoconulid. The lower molars are proportionally wider, and therefore relatively shorter, than those of other species of the genus. Lower molar trigonids are proportionally longer in relation to their corresponding talonid than is the case in other species of the genus. As is typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB25FF9D341F3F79818AF9BA" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[806,909,1583,1607]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB25FF9D341F3F79818AF9BA" box="[806,909,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gomphos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the protoconid and metaconid are transversely aligned, and the trigonid has nearly vertical anterior and posterior walls. The protoconid and the metaconid are subequal in size. The protoconid is worn more extensively and is therefore lower than the metaconid. The protoconid sends the paralophid (paracristid) to the anterolingual base of the metaconid and the protolophid (protocristid) to the posterior base of the metaconid. A crescentic trigonid basin is enclosed by the trigonid cusps and lophids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A4836625DB26FF9E37AE3B628346FD82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4713013" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4713013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4713013/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,189,564,586]" targetBox="[198,1158,210,530]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB26FF9E37AE3B628346FD82" blockId="6.[128,1228,564,639]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Fig. 4. Tarsal bones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E36983B628075FDB4" authorityName="Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard" authorityYear="2009" box="[417,626,564,585]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="shevyrevae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E36983B628075FDB4" box="[417,626,564,585]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gomphos shevyrevae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the lower Irdin Manha Formation at Huheboerhe, Erlian, Nei Mongol.
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E36623B188374FD99" bold="true" box="[347,371,590,612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of left astragalus (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="EFAFAB4EDB26FF9E358F3B18810FFD99" box="[694,776,590,612]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V14673" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="EnaNcbi">V14673</accessionNumber>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E34223B188136FD99" bold="true" box="[795,817,590,612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of left calcaneus (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="EFAFAB4EDB26FF9E33563B1886C6FD99" box="[1135,1217,590,612]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V14674" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="EnaNcbi">V14674</accessionNumber>
|
||
). Scale bar is 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB26FF9E37A33A29838DFA6C" blockId="6.[128,654,686,1753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Lower molar talonids are as wide as the trigonid and are longer than their corresponding trigonid. The hypoconid is as large as the protoconid and is very close to the posterior wall of the trigonid, so that the hypoflexid becomes a narrow groove. The cristid obliqua (ectolophid) is short and the mesoconid appears very weak relative to other mimotonids. The entoconid is low. Unlike the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E362D3DDD8381FB5E" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[276,390,1163,1187]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E362D3DDD8381FB5E" box="[276,390,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E36FD3DDD801DFB5E" box="[452,538,1163,1187]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E36FD3DDD801DFB5E" box="[452,538,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. ellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which a mesostylid is present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB26FF9E36923DFF808EFB3C" author="Meng, J. & G. J. Bowen & J. Ye & P. L. Koch & S. - Y. Ting & Q. Li & X. Jin" box="[427,649,1193,1217]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref6446" refString="Meng, J., G. J. Bowen, J. Ye, P. L. Koch, S. - Y. Ting, Q. Li, and X. Jin. 2004. Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China. American Museum Novitates 3425: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2004">Meng et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB26FF9E37B93D918353FB22" author="Kraatz, B. P. & D. Badamgarav & F. Bibi" box="[128,340,1223,1247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="576 - 583" refId="ref5950" refString="Kraatz, B. P., D. Badamgarav, and F. Bibi. 2009. Gomphos ellae, a new mimotonid from the Middle Eocene of Mongolia and its implications for the origin of Lagomorpha. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 576 - 583." type="journal article" year="2009">Kraatz et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the mesostylid is absent in the new species. Because of the reduction of the mesoconid and cristid obliqua, the talonid basin is a broad, featureless concavity. The hypoconulid is a transverse ridge at the rear of the tooth, being connected with the entoconid by a strong postcristid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB26FF9E37A33CC183B4F924" blockId="6.[128,654,686,1753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The m3 is little worn and displays several additional minor cuspules on the occlusal surface; these structures would be quickly removed with wear (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68C72A28DB26FF9E36473CA683BBF9F5" box="[382,444,1520,1544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[112,150,1012,1034]" captionTargetBox="[116,1158,210,978]" captionTargetId="figure-295@5.[116,1160,210,978]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Lower molars of Gomphos shevyrevae from the lower Irdin Manha Formation at Huheboerhe, Erlian, Nei Mongol. A1–2, crown and lingual views of right m1 (V14670, paratype); B, right m1 (V14672.1); C1–2, crown and labial views of right m2 (V14672.2); D, left m3 (V14672.3). Scale bars are 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4713007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4713007/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The m3 differs from m1 and m
|
||
<quantity id="37049B48DB26FF9E36073F58836AF9DB" box="[318,365,1550,1574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
having a longer talonid and a more pronounced hypoconulid. However, compared to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E352C3F1C808AF99F" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[533,653,1610,1634]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E352C3F1C808AF99F" box="[533,653,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E378F3F3E8317F97D" box="[182,272,1640,1664]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E378F3F3E8317F97D" box="[182,272,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. ellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the talonid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E36EA3F3E8077F97D" authorityName="Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard" authorityYear="2009" box="[467,624,1640,1664]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="shevyrevae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E36EA3F3E8077F97D" box="[467,624,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. shevyrevae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively shorter and the hypoconulid is reduced; it does not form a projection at the posterior end of the tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB26FF9E35E13BF881A7FBF3" blockId="6.[701,1228,686,1752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The astragalus measures
|
||
<quantity id="37049B48DB26FF9E332F3BF88680FD3B" box="[1046,1159,686,710]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.134" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="11.34">11.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="37049B48DB26FF9E35C33B9A8159FD19" box="[762,862,716,740]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.82" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="8.82">8.82 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (maximum dimensions) and is partly broken at its head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68C72A28DB26FF9E33523BBC86C7FCFF" box="[1131,1216,746,770]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,189,564,586]" captionTargetBox="[198,1158,210,530]" captionTargetId="figure-518@6.[198,1158,210,530]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Tarsal bones of Gomphos shevyrevae from the lower Irdin Manha Formation at Huheboerhe, Erlian, Nei Mongol. A, dorsal view of left astragalus (V14673); B, dorsal view of left calcaneus (V14674). Scale bar is 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4713013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4713013/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The morphology of the preserved portion is identical to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E34A43A708133FCA6" authority="(Meng et al., 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Meng" baseAuthorityYear="2004" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E34A43A70865DFCC3" box="[925,1114,806,830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gomphos elkema</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB26FF9E33523A73812BFCA6" author="Meng, J. & G. J. Bowen & J. Ye & P. L. Koch & S. - Y. Ting & Q. Li & X. Jin" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref6446" refString="Meng, J., G. J. Bowen, J. Ye, P. L. Koch, S. - Y. Ting, Q. Li, and X. Jin. 2004. Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China. American Museum Novitates 3425: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2004">Meng et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The bone is ventrodorsally (or anteroposteriorly) flat. The trochlea is transversely broad and shallow. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E331D3A298691FC6A" box="[1060,1174,895,919]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E331D3A298691FC6A" box="[1060,1174,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lateral and medial rims of the astragalar trochlea appear to be more asymmetrical, with the lateral much larger than the medial (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB26FF9E35FC3AA08193FBF3" author="Meng, J. & G. J. Bowen & J. Ye & P. L. Koch & S. - Y. Ting & Q. Li & X. Jin" box="[709,916,1014,1038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref6446" refString="Meng, J., G. J. Bowen, J. Ye, P. L. Koch, S. - Y. Ting, Q. Li, and X. Jin. 2004. Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China. American Museum Novitates 3425: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2004">Meng et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F04336ADDB26FF9E35E13D428104F925" blockId="6.[701,1228,686,1752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The calcaneus measures
|
||
<quantity id="37049B48DB26FF9E34CE3D42865DFBD1" box="[1015,1114,1044,1068]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="20.8">20.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="37049B48DB26FF9E35843D648126FBB7" box="[701,801,1074,1098]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.93" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="8.93">8.93 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (maximum dimensions;
|
||
<figureCitation id="68C72A28DB26FF9E33493D6486B8FBB7" box="[1136,1215,1074,1098]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,189,564,586]" captionTargetBox="[198,1158,210,530]" captionTargetId="figure-518@6.[198,1158,210,530]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Tarsal bones of Gomphos shevyrevae from the lower Irdin Manha Formation at Huheboerhe, Erlian, Nei Mongol. A, dorsal view of left astragalus (V14673); B, dorsal view of left calcaneus (V14674). Scale bar is 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4713013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4713013/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E34583D0681C0FB95" authorityName="Shevyreva" authorityYear="1975" box="[865,967,1104,1128]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E34583D0681C0FB95" box="[865,967,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gomphos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the calcaneoastragalar and sustentacular facets are aligned at the same level, similar to that of lagomorphs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB26FF9E35FD3DFF8619FB3C" author="Bleefeld, A. R. & M. C. McKenna" box="[708,1054,1193,1217]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref5545" refString="Bleefeld, A. R., and M. C. McKenna. 1985. Skeletal integrity of Mimolagus rodens (Lagomorpha, Mammalia). American Museum Novitates 2806: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1985">Bleefeld and McKenna, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the bone lacks a calcaneal canal that is characteristic of lagomorphs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB26FF9E34603DB28681FB01" author="Bleefeld, A. R. & W. J. Bock" box="[857,1158,1252,1276]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="181 - 183" refId="ref5514" refString="Bleefeld, A. R., and W. J. Bock. 2002. Unique anatomy of lagomorph calcaneus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 181 - 183." type="journal article" year="2002">Bleefeld and Bock, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The calcaneoastragalar facet is a narrow, long and convex surface in a proximodistal orientation, nearly parallel to the long axis of the bone, whereas the sustentacular facet is rounded and concave. Although the general morphology of the calcaneus is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E33043CC186AAFA52" box="[1085,1197,1431,1455]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E33043CC186AAFA52" box="[1085,1197,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it differs from the latter in having a facet on the distal side of the bone, which probably articulates with the navicular and astragalus. This feature does not occur in known astragali of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E35E53F7A814CF9B9" box="[732,843,1580,1604]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elkema">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E35E53F7A814CF9B9" box="[732,843,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. elkema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB26FF9E34603F7D8627F9BE" author="Meng, J. & G. J. Bowen & J. Ye & P. L. Koch & S. - Y. Ting & Q. Li & X. Jin" box="[857,1056,1579,1603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref6446" refString="Meng, J., G. J. Bowen, J. Ye, P. L. Koch, S. - Y. Ting, Q. Li, and X. Jin. 2004. Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China. American Museum Novitates 3425: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2004">Meng et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2005;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB26FF9E33543F7D8119F99C" author="Asher, R. J. & J. Meng & M. C. McKenna & J. R. Wible & D. Dashzeveg & G. Rougier & M. J. Novacek" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1091 - 1094" refId="ref5041" refString="Asher, R. J., J. Meng, M. C. McKenna, J. R. Wible, D. Dashzeveg, G. Rougier, and M. J. Novacek. 2005. Stem Lagomorpha and the antiquity of Glires. Science 307: 1091 - 1094." type="journal article" year="2005">Asher et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is most likely a derived feature of
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E35843F31816EF982" box="[701,873,1639,1663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E35843F318162F982" authorityName="Meng & Kraatz & Wang & Ni & Gebo & Beard" authorityYear="2009" box="[701,869,1639,1663]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Gomphos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glires" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="shevyrevae">G. shevyrevae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37FC4D2EDB26FF9E331E3F3186A4F982" baseAuthorityName="Bolin" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1063,1187,1639,1663]" class="Mammalia" family="Mimotonidae" genus="Mimolagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mimotonida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C288EABFDB26FF9E331E3F3186A4F982" box="[1063,1187,1639,1663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mimolagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a similar facet is present on the calcaneus, which is in articulation with the astragalus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="946D4B5CDB26FF9E33413FF580F1F925" author="Bohlin, B." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref5581" refString="Bohlin, B. 1951. Some mammalian remains from Shi-her-ma-cheng, Hui-hui-pu area, western Kansu. Report from the scientific expedition to the northwestern provinces of China under leadership of Dr. Sven Hedin. Vertebrate Palaeontology 5: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1951">Bohlin, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |