247 lines
22 KiB
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247 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2297" ID-PMC="PMC3310193" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-10-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAC7A0AFF92A76FFFEA654BFFC1DA36" ID-PubMed="22461729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576111" ModsDocID="1314-2003-10-19" checkinTime="1451252036197" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Swapna, M. M., Rajesh, K. P., Manju, C. N. & Prakashkumar, R." docDate="2012" docId="6EE1834596ADF2C9EEA01C8F358F802E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 10: 19-23" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 10" docPubDate="2012-03-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2297" docTitle="Eriocaulon madayiparense Swapna, Rajesh, Manju & Prakashkumar 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFAC7A0AFF92A76FFFEA654BFFC1DA36" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFAC7A0AFF92A76FFFEA654BFFC1DA36" masterDocTitle="Eriocaulon madayiparense (Eriocaulaceae) - A new species from the foot hills of the Western Ghats of India" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1668138929896" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Eriocaulon madayiparense (Eriocaulaceae) - A new species from the foot hills of the Western Ghats of India</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Swapna, M. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Malabar Botanical Garden, G. A. College P. O., Kozhikode- 673 014, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rajesh, K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College, G. A. College P. O., Kozhikode- 673 014, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Manju, C. N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College, G. A. College P. O., Kozhikode- 673 014, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prakashkumar, R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Malabar Botanical Garden, G. A. College P. O., Kozhikode- 673 014, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2012-03-16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<mods:end>23</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2297</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2297</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-10-19</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFAC7A0AFF92A76FFFEA654BFFC1DA36</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576111</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024155" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6EE1834596ADF2C9EEA01C8F358F802E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6EE1834596ADF2C9EEA01C8F358F802E" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName LSID="6EE18345-96AD-F2C9-EEA0-1C8F358F802E" authority="Swapna, Rajesh, Manju & Prakashkumar" authorityName="Swapna, Rajesh, Manju & Prakashkumar" authorityYear="2012" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eriocaulon madayiparense" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="madayiparense" status="sp. nov.">Eriocaulon madayiparense Swapna, Rajesh, Manju & Prakashkumar</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="21">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Swapna, Rajesh, Manju & Prakashkumar" authorityYear="2012" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="madayiparense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Eriocaulon madayiparense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is allied to
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="eurypeplon">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Eriocaulon eurypeplon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Koernicke, but differs mainly in having black, glabrous, acute-acuminate involucral bracts, pedicels of female flowers hairy at base, female sepals oblance-ovate or oblaceolate, cuneate, conduplicate, keeled, irregularly toothed towards apex, yellow seeds with solitary appendage arising from transverse radial walls, curved and connate with the adjacent ones of the same vertical row forming longitudinal parallel ribs on the surface of seeds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">INDIA.</emphasis>
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Kerala, Kannur District, Madayipara, 40 m alt., 5 September 2011,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">K.P.Rajesh & C.N.Manju</emphasis>
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5610 (Holotype: MBGS! Isotypes: MBGS!, MH!, CALI!, K!)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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Acaulescent herbs. Root stock absent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, ca. 10-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-0.7 cm, glabrous. Peduncles erect, 2- many, ca. 7-13 cm long, rigid, glabrous. Sheaths ca. 5-7 cm long, glabrous; limb ovate, acuminate, entire. Heads globose-ovate, ca. 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6 mm, grey. Receptacle cylindrical, sparsely pilose. Involucral bracts erect, ovate or obovate, acute-acuminate, ca. 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.2 mm, chartaceous, black. Floral bracts closely imbricated, obovate, base cuneate, apex acuminate, ca. 1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.3 mm, coriaceous, minutely hoary dorsally towards apex, black.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Male flowers:</emphasis>
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Pedicels minute. Sepals 2, free, oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, keeled, ca. 1.2 mm long, minutely hoary along keels towards apex, black. Stipe of corolla ca. 0.9 mm long. Petals 3, equal, minute, oblong, minutely hoary and minutely toothed at apex with a black gland, anthers 6, black.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Female flowers:</emphasis>
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Pedicels minute, hairy at base. Sepals 2, free, similar, oblanceolate-ovate or oblanceolate, cuneate, conduplicate, keeled, irregularly toothed towards apexon keel,ca. 1.5 mm long, minutely hoary along keels towards apex, black. Petals 3, linear, subequal, ca. 0.6 to 0.8 mm long, hyaline, barbate towards apex, with or without a black gland, not stipitate between sepals and petals. Ovary sessile, globose, stigmas 3. Seeds ca. 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3 mm, yellowish, cells of seed coat transversely elongated, aligned in vertical rows, appendages solitary from the middle of the transverse radial walls, curved and connate with the adjacent ones of the same vertical row forming longitudinal parallel ribs on the surface of the seed (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Eriocaulon madayiparense, A habit B Involucral bract C Floral bract D Male flower E Female flower F Seed" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10031" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Fig. 1 A-F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10031" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Swapna, Rajesh, Manju & Prakashkumar" authorityYear="2012" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="madayiparense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Eriocaulon madayiparense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
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Involucral bract
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
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Floral bract
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
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Male flower
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">E</emphasis>
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Female flower
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">F</emphasis>
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Seed
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">It is distributed in the laterite hills of Northern Kerala in Peninsular India.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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The specimens were collected from the Madayipara, a lateritic hillock in Kannur District of Kerala, at latitude 12°2'N and longitude 75°16'E (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="12.033334">12°2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="75.26667">75°16'E</geoCoordinate>
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), and with an altitude of 40-47 msl. It is a notable area being the type locality of some narrow endemics such as
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menyanthaceae" genus="Nymphoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="krishnakesara">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Nymphoides krishnakesara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Joseph, KT" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="281 - 284" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb01773.x" refId="B3" refString="Joseph, KT, Sivarajan, VV, 1990. A new species of Nymphoides from India. Nordic J. Botany 10: 281 - 284, 10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb01773.x" title="A new species of Nymphoides from India. Nordic J." url="10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb01773.x" volume="10" year="1990">Joseph and Sivarajan 1990</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Pradeep, K. T. Joseph & V. V. Sivarajan" authorityYear="1990" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lythraceae" genus="Rotala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="malabarica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Rotala malabarica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Pradeep, AK" journalOrPublisher="Sinica" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="51 - 61" refId="B9" refString="Pradeep, AK, Joseph, KT, Sivarajan, VV, 1990. Rotala malabarica a new species of Lythraceae from India. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica 31: 51 - 61" title="Rotala malabarica a new species of Lythraceae from India. Bot. Bull. Acad." volume="31" year="1990">Pradeep et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Pradeep & V. V. Sivarajan" authorityYear="1991" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Justicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ekakusuma">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Justicia ekakusuma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Pradeep, AK" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="40 - 43" refId="B8" refString="Pradeep, AK, Joseph, KT, Sivarajan, VV, 1991. Justicia ekakusuma a new species of Acanthaceae from Peninsular India. Rheedea 1: 40 - 43" title="Justicia ekakusuma a new species of Acanthaceae from Peninsular India." volume="1" year="1991">Pradeep et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
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)and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="P. V. Madhusoodanan & N. P. Singh" authorityYear="1992" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Lepidagathis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="keralensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Lepidagathis keralensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Madhusoodanan, PV" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="19 - 22" refId="B4" refString="Madhusoodanan, PV, Singh, NP, 1992. A new species of Lepidagathis (Acanthaceae) from south India. Kew Bulletin 1: 19 - 22" title="A new species of Lepidagathis (Acanthaceae) from south India." volume="1" year="1992">Madhusoodanan and Singh 1992</bibRefCitation>
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). The lateritic outcrops of this area support a grassland-scrub system, unique in its ecology, being active along with the monsoon rains, supporting rich assemblages of many aquatic and semi-aquatic plants and animals, and remaining as barren land as the rain recedes (
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<bibRefCitation author="Palot, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="3 - 6" refId="B6" refString="Palot, MJ, Radhakrishnan, C, 2002. Herpetofauna of Madayipara hill, Kannur district, Kerala. Cobra 48: 3 - 6" title="Herpetofauna of Madayipara hill, Kannur district, Kerala." volume="48" year="2002">Palot and Radhakrishnan 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Palot, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Cobra" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refId="B7" refString="Palot, MJ, Radhakrishnan, C, 2005. Faunal diversity of a laterite hill system at Madayipara, Kannur district, Kerala State, India. Rec. Zool. Surv. India Occ. Paper No. 242. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 1-98." title="Faunal diversity of a laterite hill system at Madayipara, Kannur district, Kerala State, India. Rec. Zool. Surv. India Occ. Paper No. 242. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 1 - 98." year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Balakrishnan, VC" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refId="B2" refString="Balakrishnan, VC, Palot, MJ, Rajesh, KP, 2010. Observations on the flora of Madayipara a midland laterite hill in Kannur district, Kerala. Malabar Trogon 8 (2&3): 14-29." title="Observations on the flora of Madayipara a midland laterite hill in Kannur district, Kerala. Malabar Trogon 8 (2 & 3): 14 - 29." year="2010">Balakrishnan et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). More than 500 species of plants were recorded from the area, which includes 59 Peninsular Indian endemics, of which 14 are narrow endemics of Kerala state, confined to the laterite hillocks (
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<bibRefCitation author="Balakrishnan, VC" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refId="B2" refString="Balakrishnan, VC, Palot, MJ, Rajesh, KP, 2010. Observations on the flora of Madayipara a midland laterite hill in Kannur district, Kerala. Malabar Trogon 8 (2&3): 14-29." title="Observations on the flora of Madayipara a midland laterite hill in Kannur district, Kerala. Malabar Trogon 8 (2 & 3): 14 - 29." year="2010">Balakrishnan et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Eriocaulon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also well represented in Madayipara with five species,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">viz</emphasis>
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.,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalzell" authorityYear="1851" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Eriocaulon cuspidatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Steud" authorityYear="1855" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="heterolepis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Eriocaulon heterolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Eriocaulon lanceolatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="R. Ansari & N. P. Balakr" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Fyson" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="parviflorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Eriocaulon parviflorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="xeranthemum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Eriocaulon xeranthemum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The present species is growing in wet areas of Madayipara, along with species such as
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Utricularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="reticulata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Utricularia reticulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Pradeep, K. T. Joseph & V. V. Sivarajan" authorityYear="1990" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lythraceae" genus="Rotala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="malabarica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Rotala malabarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lythraceae" genus="Rotala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="malampuzhensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Rotala malampuzhensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Rhamphicarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="longiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Rhamphicarpa longiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Oryza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Graminales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="rufipogon">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Oryza rufipogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, etc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="flowering and fruiting">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Flowering and fruiting.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">August-December.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">The species is named after the type locality, Madayipara.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">The laterite hillocks in general and the Madayipara in particular are facing high degree of danger of habitat degradation due to ignorance by the public and administrators. The areas are being heavily converted to building sites, mining grounds, dumping sites, etc. The uncontrolled tourist activities are also damaging this fragile ecosystem. The present species, like other narrow endemics mentioned earlier, is also confined to the seasonal pools or wet areas of the lateritic hills. The habitat may be lost irrecoverably, if proper conservation measures are not taken.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
|
||
INDIA, Kerala, Kannur District, Madayipara, 40 m alt., 5 September 2011,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">K.P.Rajesh & C.N.Manju</emphasis>
|
||
5610.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |