169 lines
20 KiB
XML
169 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.447.7766" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4ae017d2-735f-4bb0-924c-0707e5e50cdf" ID-PMC="PMC4205749" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-447-47" ID-PubMed="25349516" ID-ZBK="72DC52A014594FA3ABB7A82B4D2BB8C4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-447-47" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 447" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomy of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Afrotropical region with a revision of the P.arnoldi clade and description of four new species" checkinTime="1451245226247" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hita Garcia, Francisco, Hawkes, Peter G. & Alpert, Gary D." docDate="2014" docId="3C94AFF4F541AF993C32CFE590B771A4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 447: 47-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 447" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.447.7766" docTitle="Proceratium sali Garcia, Hawkes & Alpert, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F9D11EEE-59A5-44E9-9837-0081F4860F68" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="5576FFADC507FFFCFFA7FFB8FFCAA72F" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Afrotropical region with a revision of the P. arnoldi clade and description of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1668159489475" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Taxonomy of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Afrotropical region with a revision of the P. arnoldi clade and description of four new species</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Hita Garcia, Francisco</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Hawkes, Peter G.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Alpert, Gary D.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>447</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>47</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>86</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.447.7766</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.447.7766</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-447-47</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">72DC52A014594FA3ABB7A82B4D2BB8C4</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">72DC52A014594FA3ABB7A82B4D2BB8C4</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152055921" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F9D11EEE-59A5-44E9-9837-0081F4860F68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C94AFF4F541AF993C32CFE590B771A4" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="62" type="multiple">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Formicidae</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F9D11EEE-59A5-44E9-9837-0081F4860F68" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sali">Proceratium sali</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="15" pageNumber="62">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
Figs 3C, 6B, 7B, 16A, 16B, 16C, 18
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="62" type="type material">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Type material.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
|
Holotype, pinned worker, TANZANIA, Morogoro, Ulanga, Sali Forest Reserve,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-8.94497">8.94497S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="36.67261">36.67261E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 1150 m, primary forest, collection code CEPF-TZ-9.1, 17.-20.X.2007 (P. Hawkes, M. Bhoke & U. Richard) (SAMC: CASENT0235689).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
|
The following character combination separates
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sali">Proceratium sali</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the other Afrotropical members of the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium arnoldi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnoldi">Proceratium arnoldi</taxonomicName>
|
|
clade by the following combination of characters: eyes very small, consisting of three to four weak ommatidia (OI 5); CI 94; maculae on vertexal angles of head well developed and conspicuous; petiolar node high nodiform, anteroposteriorly compressed, with anterior face relatively straight; petiole in dorsal view between 1.1 and 1.2 times wider than long (DPeI 116); ventral process of petiole well developed, lamelliform and rectangular, lamella not pointed anteriorly nor posteriorly; abdominal segment IV around 1.1 times longer than abdominal segment III (ASI 108); head, mesosoma and petiole with numerous long, fine, suberect to erect hairs on top of dense mat of much shorter decumbent to subdecumbent pubescence.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="62" type="worker measurements">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Worker measurements</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="62">(N=1). TL 3.35; EL 0.04; SL 0.55; HL 0.81; HLM 0.94; HW 0.76; WL 1.00; HFeL 0.62; HTiL 0.53; HBaL 0.41; PeL 0.31; PeW 0.36; DPeI 116; LT3 0.53; LS4 0.19; LT4 0.57; OI 5; CI 94; SI 68; IGR 0.33; ASI 108.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="62" type="worker description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Worker description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="62">In full-face view head slightly longer than broad (CI 94), sides and vertex moderately convex. Clypeus medially reduced, its anterior margin convex to slightly triangular, only slightly protruding anteriorly, not surrounding the antennal sockets and not medially impressed, antennal socket with broad torulus. Frontal carinae relatively short and widely separated, not converging medially and strongly diverging posteriorly, partially covering antennal insertions; frontal carinae conspicuously raised on their anterior half, much less posteriorly. Eyes very small, consisting of three to four faint ommatidia (OI 5) and located on mid line of head. Mandibles elongate-triangular; masticatory margin of mandibles with four relatively small teeth/denticles, decreasing in size from larger apical tooth to basal denticle. Mesosoma weakly to moderately convex in profile and weakly longer than maximum head length including mandibles. Lower mesopleurae with well impressed sutures, no other sutures developed on lateral or dorsal mesosoma; mesopleurae extremely inflated posteriorly; propodeum in profile armed with very small, pointed teeth, propodeal lobes well developed, triangular and blunt; declivitous face of propodeum between teeth and lobes noticeably concave; in posterodorsal view sides of propodeum separated from declivitous face by margin connecting propodeal lobes and propodeal teeth. Legs slender and elongate; pro- and mesotibiae with pectinate spurs; calcar of strigil without basal spine. Petiolar node in profile high, blocky nodiform, anterior face of petiole relatively straight, anterior and posterior faces approximately parallel, dorsum of node flat to weakly convex; petiole in dorsal view between 1.1 and 1.2 times wider than long (DPeI 116), petiolar node in dorsal view clearly much broader than long; ventral process of petiole well developed, lamelliform and rectangular, lamella not pointed anteriorly nor posteriorly. In dorsal view abdominal segment III anteriorly broader than petiole; its sides diverging posteriorly; dorsum of abdominal tergum III with posteromedial, very conspicuous, semitransparent, flat bulla below the integument; abdominal sternite III anteromedially with a marked subtriangular projection. Constriction between abdominal segment III and IV conspicuously impressed. Abdominal segment IV strongly recurved (IGR 0.33), conspicuously rounded on its curvature, especially posteriorly, abdominal tergum IV only less than 1.2 times longer than abdominal segment III (ASI 116); large, semitransparent and semicircular bulla situated posteromedially on abdominal tergum IV; remaining abdominal tergites and sternites relatively inconspicuous and curved ventrally. Whole body covered with dense mat of relatively short, decumbent to subdecumbent pubescence; most of body with moderately abundant, much longer (several times longer than pubescence), suberect to erect, fine, standing hairs. Mandibles longitudinally rugose; most of body irregularly foveolate and/or granulate, sculpture best developed on cephalic and mesosomal dorsum, less so on mesosoma and especially weak on most of relatively smooth and shining abdominal tergum IV; inflated, posterior part of mesopleura and declivitous face of propodeum unsculptured, relatively smooth and shining. Head, mesosoma (excluding posteriorly inflated part of mesopleurae), postpetiole and remaining abdominal segments of brown colour, mandibles, inflated part of mesopleurae and legs yellowish to light brown.</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
|
Figure 16.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sali">Proceratium sali</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. holotype worker (CASENT0235689) (Will Ericson 2011). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C head in full-face view.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="63" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="63">The name of the new species is derived from the type locality, the Sali Forest Reserve in Tanzania. The species epithet is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="63" type="distribution and ecology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sali">Proceratium sali</taxonomicName>
|
|
is only known from the Sali Forest Reserve in the Morogoro region of south-central Tanzania (Fig. 18). Sali covers an area of 1072 ha and is the largest of the seven reserves in the Mahenge mountain range. The forest is largely undisturbed with little evidence of logging and a fairly dense canopy cover (estimated at 80-90%). Altitude within the reserve ranges from approximately 1150 to 1480 m and the area surveyed was at the lower end of this range. The soil along the 230 m transect surveyed was moist sandy clay loam (hand soil texture classification) and approximately 90% covered by a 2-3 cm thick layer of leaf litter. The single
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sali">Proceratium sali</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimen was collected in pitfall trap 16 of 24 placed along the transect, and no further details of its microhabitat preferences can be determined.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="63" type="taxonomic notes">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sali">Proceratium sali</taxonomicName>
|
|
shares a thicker head in full-face view (CI 94) with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium burundense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burundense">Proceratium burundense</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium lunatum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunatum">Proceratium lunatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium nilo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilo">Proceratium nilo</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sokoke" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokoke">Proceratium sokoke</taxonomicName>
|
|
(CI 91-95), which contrasts with the thinner head of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium arnoldi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnoldi">Proceratium arnoldi</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium carri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carri">Proceratium carri</taxonomicName>
|
|
(85-87). In addition,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sali">Proceratium sali</taxonomicName>
|
|
(as well as
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium carri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carri">Proceratium carri</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium nilo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilo">Proceratium nilo</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sali">Proceratium sali</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sokoke" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokoke">Proceratium sokoke</taxonomicName>
|
|
) possesses numerous long, fine, standing hairs on top of a mat of much shorter pubescence distinguishing it from
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium arnoldi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnoldi">Proceratium arnoldi</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium lunatum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunatum">Proceratium lunatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium burundense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burundense">Proceratium burundense</taxonomicName>
|
|
that lack this type of pilosity. The two species most similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sali">Proceratium sali</taxonomicName>
|
|
are
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium nilo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilo">Proceratium nilo</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sokoke" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokoke">Proceratium sokoke</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but the latter two have a lower, less compressed petiolar node with the anterior face strongly produced anteriorly on lower third. This contrasts strongly with the node of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sali">Proceratium sali</taxonomicName>
|
|
that is high nodiform and more compressed with a straight anterior face.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="63" type="variation">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Variation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
|
As for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium burundense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burundense">Proceratium burundense</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium nilo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilo">Proceratium nilo</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sokoke" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sokoke">Proceratium sokoke</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium sali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sali">Proceratium sali</taxonomicName>
|
|
is also only known from a singleton holotype, which does not allow any conclusions on intraspecific variation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |