312 lines
36 KiB
XML
312 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="19147234D466B85AC50F75FDD773E1CA" ID-CLB-Dataset="298660" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12168227" ID-GBIF-Dataset="178ed053-7081-4927-96dd-277fa0d92e5e" ID-ISSN="0870-3876" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12168227" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1718800477084" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Heemstra, P. C." docDate="1991" docId="03EC35277159FFE6FC84F822FDD9F7DE" docLanguage="en" docName="BolMusMunFunchal.43.226.5-71.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bol. Mus. Mun. Funchal 43 (226)" docTitle="Mycteroperca GILL 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFD54D5F7170FFCDFFA6FFE7FFCCFFEA" masterDocTitle="A Taxonomic Revision Of The Eastern Atlantic Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1718813564701" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="90795F1115A85A9C09C24381BF1CF114" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="96468F6D48807FD945A3ED4DFF3327F1">
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<mods:title id="B295B8AEE46136E93B8458B1D6545214">A Taxonomic Revision Of The Eastern Atlantic Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0C5DB81EC323F755DB87C7D2DE933B51" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="18243B57D493E5FF84DAB9BDB85D3ED9">Heemstra, P. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B697FB1A467DD2659744FF1FEB1D6EF0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6B77A7C2E265EC265C0113728B5A8F9C">Bol. Mus. Mun. Funchal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="691C42497463A50A79DC576BE3773CE0">
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<mods:date id="185EA7FDE09D0E7EBC57272F60BA9C07">1991</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="49C576D0F0056B97A21919D0ECAAB6F1">1991-08-10</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F32D1A94947BE9B11302837639500D10" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2C50082A37499788CC112100DB5C317B">43</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1DAF90BF547CE34288B7D881D7ED14D3" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="4175602A63218149B106118539D8EC22">226</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="25255EF3E3A5440F44DF70262343051B" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="E180AEE2323442E7F28996959E56490D">5</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="8A1A18460B2A9B036087249C58FC88EA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="225D9D576DD90CA7469F6C788DFD5F65" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.12168227</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9D5EDB775098E278FC4054265A1FCC2E" type="ISSN">0870-3876</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EC35277159FFE6FC84F822FDD9F7DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168081" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233229834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12168081" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC35277159FFE6FC84F822FDD9F7DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC35277159FFE6FC84F822FDD9F7DE" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7159FFE4FC84F822FB67F830" box="[802,1195,1988,2015]" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317159FFE4FC84F822FB67F830" blockId="41.[802,1195,1988,2015]" box="[802,1195,1988,2015]" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0B2335D7159FFE4FC84F822FB67F830" bold="true" box="[802,1195,1988,2015]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" reason="0">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FC84F822FBD2F835" bold="true" box="[802,1054,1989,2015]" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FC25F821FB67F830" ID-CoL="5W7H" authority="GILL, 1863" authorityName="GILL" authorityYear="1863" box="[899,1195,1988,2015]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FC25F821FBD2F835" bold="true" box="[899,1054,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07159FFE4FB8DF823FB67F830" author="GILL, T." box="[1067,1195,1988,2013]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad." pageId="41" pageNumber="46" pagination="235 - 242" part="1862" refId="ref29193" refString="1863. Remarks on the relations of the genera and other groups of Cuban fishes. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. (1862), 14: 235 - 242." title="Remarks on the relations of the genera and other groups of Cuban fishes" type="journal article" year="1863">GILL, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7159FFE4FDA2F7E1FC01F6CF" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317159FFE4FDA2F7E1FCF1F7D6" blockId="41.[514,1482,2054,2341]" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FDA2F7E1FCFFF7F3" authority="GILL, 1863: 236" authorityName="GILL" authorityPageNumber="236" authorityYear="1863" box="[516,819,2054,2078]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FDA2F7E1FD45F7F4" box="[516,649,2054,2078]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07159FFE4FD32F7E1FCFFF7F3" author="GILL, T." box="[660,819,2054,2076]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad." pageId="41" pageNumber="46" pagination="235 - 242" part="1862" refId="ref29193" refString="1863. Remarks on the relations of the genera and other groups of Cuban fishes. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. (1862), 14: 235 - 242." title="Remarks on the relations of the genera and other groups of Cuban fishes" type="journal article" year="1863">GILL, 1863: 236</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(type-species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FC68F7EFFB27F7F0" authority="JENYNS, 1843" authorityName="JENYNS" authorityYear="1843" box="[974,1259,2056,2079]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olfax">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FC68F7EFFB92F7F5" box="[974,1118,2056,2079]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Serranus olfax</emphasis>
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JENYNS, 1843
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</taxonomicName>
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by subsequent designation of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07159FFE4FD28F7C4FCE3F7DF" author="GILL, T." box="[654,815,2083,2105]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. nat Sci. Philad." pageId="41" pageNumber="46" pagination="104 - 106" part="1865" refId="ref29229" refString="1865. On a new genus of Serraninae. Proc. Acad. nat Sci. Philad. (1865), 17: 104 - 106." title="On a new genus of Serraninae" type="journal article" year="1865">GILL, 1865: 105</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317159FFE4FDA0F7D8FB8FF79C" blockId="41.[514,1482,2054,2341]" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FDA0F7D8FCFDF7B8" authority="GILL, 1865: 104" authorityName="GILL" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1865" box="[518,817,2111,2135]" family="Serranidae" genus="Trisotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FDA0F7D8FDA3F7BD" box="[518,623,2111,2135]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Trisotropis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07159FFE4FD27F7D8FCFDF7B8" author="GILL, T." box="[641,817,2111,2134]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. nat Sci. Philad." pageId="41" pageNumber="46" pagination="104 - 106" part="1865" refId="ref29229" refString="1865. On a new genus of Serraninae. Proc. Acad. nat Sci. Philad. (1865), 17: 104 - 106." title="On a new genus of Serraninae" type="journal article" year="1865">GILL, 1865: 104</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(type-species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FC7AF7A7FA04F7BF" authority="BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, 1801" authorityName="BLOCH & SCHNEIDER" authorityYear="1801" box="[988,1480,2112,2137]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Johnius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttatus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FC7AF7A7FB4BF7B3" box="[988,1159,2112,2137]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Johnius guttatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07159FFE4FB3FF7A6FA04F7BF" author="BLOCH. M. E & J. G. SCHNEIDER" bookContentInfo="1 x + 584 pp. 110 pls. Berlin" box="[1177,1480,2113,2137]" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" refId="ref27124" refString="BLOCH. M. E. & J. G. SCHNEIDER 1801. Systema Ichthyologiae, Iconibus CX Illustratum. 1 x + 584 pp. 110 pls. Berlin." title="Systema Ichthyologiae, Iconibus CX Illustratum" type="book" year="1801">BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, 1801</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FDEEF7BBFCF9F79F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[584,821,2140,2165]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venenosa">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FDEEF7BBFCF9F79F" box="[584,821,2140,2165]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Mycteroperca venenosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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], by original designation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317159FFE4FDA5F79EFC2BF745" blockId="41.[514,1482,2054,2341]" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FDA5F79EFC5DF766" authority="BLEEKER, 1876: 257" authorityName="BLEEKER" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1876" box="[515,913,2169,2193]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Parepinephelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FDA5F79EFD51F77B" box="[515,669,2169,2193]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Parepinephelus</emphasis>
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BLEEKER, 1876: 257
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</taxonomicName>
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(type-species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FBE5F79CFA0FF765" authority="VALENCIENNES" authorityName="VALENCIENNES" box="[1091,1475,2171,2191]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FBE5F79CFAD5F764" box="[1091,1305,2171,2190]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Serranus acutirostris</emphasis>
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VALENCIENNES
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</taxonomicName>
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, [=
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FDEEF771FC8FF743" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[584,835,2198,2222]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FDEEF771FC8FF743" box="[584,835,2198,2222]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Mycteroperca acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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] by monotypy).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317159FFE4FDA4F755FBEBF702" blockId="41.[514,1482,2054,2341]" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FDA4F755FDBAF720" authorityName="Jordan & Evermann" authorityYear="1896" box="[514,630,2226,2250]" family="Serranidae" genus="Archoperca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FDA4F755FDBAF720" box="[514,630,2226,2250]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Archoperca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07159FFE4FDD8F754FC00F72F" author="JORDAN, D. S. & B. W. EVERMANN" box="[638,972,2227,2249]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus." pageId="41" pageNumber="46" part="47" refId="ref29840" refString="JORDAN, D. S. & B. W. EVERMANN: 1896. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., 47 (1): ix + 1240." title="The fishes of North and Middle America" type="journal volume" year="1896">Jordan & EVERMANN, 1896: 1171</bibRefCitation>
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(type-species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FBC0F753FA94F727" authorityName="Jordan & Starks" authorityYear="1895" box="[1126,1368,2228,2253]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FBC0F753FA94F727" box="[1126,1368,2228,2253]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Mycteroperca boulengeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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JORDAN & STARKS [=
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FD3DF737FC4EF708" authorityName="Jordan" authorityYear="1888" box="[667,898,2256,2279]" family="Serranidae" genus="Myctemperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenarcha">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FD3DF737FC4EF708" box="[667,898,2256,2279]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Myctemperca xenarcha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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] by monotypy).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317159FFE4FDA4F70CFC01F6CF" blockId="41.[514,1482,2054,2341]" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FDA4F70CFDB4F6E9" box="[514,632,2283,2307]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Xystmperca</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07159FFE4FD25F70BFC26F715" author="JORDAN, D. S. & B. W. EVERMANN" box="[643,1002,2284,2306]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus." pageId="41" pageNumber="46" part="47" refId="ref29840" refString="JORDAN, D. S. & B. W. EVERMANN: 1896. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., 47 (1): ix + 1240." title="The fishes of North and Middle America" type="journal volume" year="1896">JORDAN & EVERMANN, 1896: 1169</bibRefCitation>
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(type-species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FB2EF70AFA06F6EB" authority="GILBERT" authorityName="GILBERT" box="[1160,1482,2285,2310]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FB2EF70AFAA4F6EC" box="[1160,1384,2285,2310]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Mycteroperca pardalis</emphasis>
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GILBERT
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27159FFE4FDE1F6EBFCECF6F4" baseAuthorityName="Streets" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[583,800,2316,2340]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosacea">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FDE1F6EBFCECF6F4" box="[583,800,2316,2340]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Mycteroperca rosacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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] by monotypy).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7159FFE7FD82F6A9FC76F925" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="41" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317159FFE7FD82F6A9FC76F925" blockId="41.[485,1512,2382,2447]" lastBlockId="42.[505,1538,1109,1743]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B93158237159FFE4FD82F6A9FD50F682" bold="true" box="[548,668,2382,2408]" pageId="41" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Body oblong, the depth less than head length and contained 2.7- 3.6 times in standard length; head length 2.5 -3.0 times in SL. Dorsal head profile evenly convex; snout dlstinctly longer than eye diameter (except in fish less than 10 cm SL); interorbital convex, the width greater than eye diameter in fish more than 20 cm. SL; preorbital depth more than half eye diameter (except fish less than 15 cm SL), 8- 13 times in head length; preopercle finely serrate, the serrae at corner enlarged or not; upper edge of operculum convex; rear nostrils equal to or distinctly larger than anteriors. Caudal fin usually truncate or distinctly concave, with 8 + 7 branched rays and 9- 12 + 9- 12 procurrent rays. Dorsal fin with 11 spines and 15 - 18 rays, the base of the soft-rayed part shorter than base of spinous part; anal fin with 3 spines and 10- 13 rays, the fin margin of adults angular or pointed; paired fins subequal; pectoral fins rounded, with 15- 18 rays, the middle rays longest. Midlateral body scales ctenoid. Lower jaw projecting in front of upper jaw; well-developed canines at front of jaws; teeth present on palatines; distal part of ventral edge of maxilla straight, no knob, distinct step or hook; supramaxilla well developed. Su~ praneural bones 2, the second one distinctly smaller than the first; no triseginental pterygiophores supporting dorsal or anal fin rays; epipleural ribs on first lovertebrae. Cranial crests well developed, the frontoparietal crests parallel, joining supraorbital ridge; anterior ends of frontals contiguous, meeting transverse wall of supraethmoid; supraoccipital crest not carried forward onto frontals; interorbital width greater than vomer width; parasphenoid straight.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA715AFFE7FC95F8F3FD6BF7E9" pageId="42" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BFA8431715AFFE7FC95F8F3FB73F8C3" blockId="42.[819,1215,1812,1833]" box="[819,1215,1812,1833]" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="D0B2335D715AFFE7FC95F8F3FB73F8C3" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[819,1215,1812,1833]" centered="true" fontSize="7" level="12" pageId="42" pageNumber="47" reason="2">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715AFFE7FC95F8F3FB73F8C3" bold="true" box="[819,1215,1812,1833]" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA8431715AFFE7FD90F8BFFD6BF7E9" blockId="42.[503,1532,1880,2051]" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">
|
|
Tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans. In the eastern Atlantic, the genus is represented by two species:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715AFFE7FB56F865FA9BF87D" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[1264,1367,1921,1943]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715AFFE7FB56F865FAC4F87C" box="[1264,1288,1922,1942]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715AFFE7FABEF866FA9BF87D" box="[1304,1367,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">rubra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, known from the Mediterranean to the Bay of Biscay and along the west coast of Africa south to Angola, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715AFFE7FD35F820FD3FF80E" baseAuthorityName="LOWE" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[659,755,1991,2025]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715AFFE7FD35F820FD66F803" box="[659,682,1991,2025]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715AFFE7FD12F82FFD3FF80E" box="[692,755,1992,2020]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">fusca</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which occurs at Madeira, the Azores, and the Canary and Cape Verde Islands.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA715AFFE6FC1EF7B3FC3EFB32" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="42" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA8431715AFFE7FC1EF7B3FBF9F78D" blockId="42.[952,1077,2132,2151]" box="[952,1077,2132,2151]" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">
|
|
<heading id="D0B2335D715AFFE7FC1EF7B3FBF9F78D" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[952,1077,2132,2151]" centered="true" fontSize="7" level="12" pageId="42" pageNumber="47" reason="2">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715AFFE7FC1EF7B3FBF9F78D" bold="true" box="[952,1077,2132,2151]" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA8431715AFFE7FD92F772FD2EF6F1" blockId="42.[501,1530,2197,2449]" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">Adults occur on coral reefs and rocky bottoms in depths of 20-200 m.; juveniles occur in shallow water on rocky bottoms, seagrass beds, and in estuaries. The genus comprises 15 species: 2 in the eastern Atlantic, 8 in the western Atlantic and 5 in the eastern Pacific.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA8431715AFFE6FD92F6CCFB9BFB80" blockId="42.[501,1530,2197,2449]" lastBlockId="43.[484,1513,1102,1243]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">
|
|
The genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715AFFE7FD1DF6CBFC9BF6AD" authorityName="GILL" authorityYear="1863" box="[699,855,2348,2375]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715AFFE7FD1DF6CBFC9BF6AD" box="[699,855,2348,2375]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
appears to be closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715AFFE7FB57F6D7FA4FF6A1" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1265,1411,2352,2379]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715AFFE7FB57F6D7FA4FF6A1" box="[1265,1411,2352,2379]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="47">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Species of both genera have 11 dorsal fin spines and lack the trisegmental pterygiophores in the dorsal and anal fins and the terminal knob on the lower corner of the maxilla that are characteristic of species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FC0CFBA9FB9DFB80" authorityName="BLOCH & SCHNEIDER" authorityYear="1801" box="[938,1105,1102,1130]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FC0CFBA9FB9DFB80" box="[938,1105,1102,1130]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA8431715BFFE6FD87FB91FC3EFB32" blockId="43.[484,1513,1102,1243]" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FD87FB91FD4FFB7A" baseAuthorityName="LOWE" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[545,643,1142,1168]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FD87FB91FDF5FB60" box="[545,569,1142,1162]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FDE3FB91FD4FFB7A" box="[581,643,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">fusca</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FD34FB90FD34FB61" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[658,760,1142,1163]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FD34FB90FD66FB61" box="[658,682,1143,1163]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FD1FFB91FD34FB61" box="[697,760,1142,1163]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">rubra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FC94FB90FB38FB64" authority="(VALENCIENNES, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[818,1268,1139,1167]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FC94FB90FC86FB60" box="[818,842,1143,1162]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FCFCFB92FC15FB60" box="[858,985,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">acutirostris</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0715BFFE6FC4BFB93FB26FB6D" author="VALENCIENNES, A." box="[1005,1258,1139,1167]" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" refId="ref32623" refString="VALENCIENNES, A.: 1828. See Cuvier & Valenciennes." title="See Cuvier & Valenciennes" type="book" year="1828">VALENCIENNES, 1828</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are three allopatric sibling species that comprise the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FCD1FB7DFB97FB47" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[887,1115,1176,1204]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FCD1FB7DFB97FB47" box="[887,1115,1176,1204]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">Mycteroperca rubra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species complex. These species can be distinguished by the following key:
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA715BFFE6FDA3FAE4FA0BFA13" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" type="key">
|
|
<key id="FFD4D300715BFFE6FDA3FAE4FA0BFA13" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<keyStep id="30B19C94715BFFE6FDA3FAE4FA05FA69" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA8431715BFFE6FDA3FAE4FA05FAC4" blockId="43.[515,1481,1279,1531]" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<keyLead id="30B42704715BFFE6FDA3FAE4FA05FAC4" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
1 a. Total gill-rakers 48-55; maxilla width 4.4-5.8% SL (for fish 10-34 cm. SL); (western Atlantic)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FA90FAFBFA05FAC4" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[1334,1481,1308,1326]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FA90FAFBFA86FAC7" box="[1334,1354,1308,1325]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FAFDFAFBFA05FAC4" box="[1371,1481,1308,1326]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">acutirostris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA8431715BFFE6FDA3FAB0FA05FA69" blockId="43.[515,1481,1279,1531]" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<keyLead id="30B42704715BFFE6FDA3FAB0FA05FA69" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">Ib. Total gill-rakers 32-49; maxilla width 3.8-5.2% SL (for fish 13-55 cm. SL); (eastern Atlantic) 2</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30B19C94715BFFE6FDA5FA4BFA0BFA13" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA8431715BFFE6FDA5FA4BFA0BFA51" blockId="43.[515,1481,1279,1531]" box="[515,1479,1449,1475]" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<keyLead id="30B42704715BFFE6FDA5FA4BFA0BFA51" box="[515,1479,1449,1475]" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
2 a. Lower-limb gill-rakers 28-31
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FAC8FA4DFA0BFA51" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[1390,1479,1449,1467]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FAC8FA4DFA4EFA51" box="[1390,1410,1450,1467]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FA34FA4EFA0BFA51" box="[1426,1479,1449,1467]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">rubra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA8431715BFFE6FDA5FA03FA0BFA13" blockId="43.[515,1481,1279,1531]" box="[515,1479,1506,1531]" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<keyLead id="30B42704715BFFE6FDA5FA03FA0BFA13" box="[515,1479,1506,1531]" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
2b. Lower-limb gill-rakers 20-24
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FAC8FA04FA0BFA13" baseAuthorityName="LOWE" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1390,1479,1506,1529]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FAC8FA04FA4EFA1E" box="[1390,1410,1507,1524]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FA29FA05FA0BFA13" box="[1423,1479,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">fusca</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
</key>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA715BFFE6FD86F9C4FDD9F7DE" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA8431715BFFE6FD86F9C4FDD9F7DE" blockId="43.[483,1512,1568,2100]" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FD86F9C4FD05F9DD" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[544,713,1571,1591]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FD86F9C4FDF4F9DD" box="[544,568,1571,1591]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FDEFF9C4FD05F9DD" box="[585,713,1571,1591]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">acutirostris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has generally been known as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FB93F9C5FB50F9DF" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[1077,1180,1568,1589]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FB93F9C5FB81F9DF" box="[1077,1101,1570,1589]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FBF8F9C7FB50F9DF" box="[1118,1180,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">rubra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and thought to be a single species that occurs on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Although
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0715BFFE6FAE6F9A5FA2BF9B4" author="SMITH, C. L." box="[1344,1511,1602,1630]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="43" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 241" part="146" refId="ref31738" refString="SMITH, C. L.: 1971. A revision of the American groupers: Epinephelus and allied genera. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 146: 1 - 241." title="A revision of the American groupers: Epinephelus and allied genera" type="journal article" year="1971">SMITH (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
synonymized nominal species from the eastern and western Atlantic under the name of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FDA3F960FDA3F976" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[517,623,1670,1692]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FDA3F960FDD1F976" box="[517,541,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FD97F961FDA3F976" box="[561,623,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">rubra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and gave the distribution as both sides of the Atlantic plus the Mediterranean, he did not examine any specimens from the eastern Atlantic. I compared 20 specimens, 10-34 cm. SL, of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FCDCF92CFBEAF935" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[890,1062,1738,1759]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FCDCF92CFC5EF935" box="[890,914,1739,1759]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FC00F92DFBEAF935" box="[934,1062,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">acutirostris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the western Atlantic with 34 specimens, 6 -59 cm., from the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. These 34 specimens (which are here identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FC22F8E8FC25F8C9" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[900,1001,1806,1827]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FC22F8E8FC50F8C9" box="[900,924,1807,1827]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FC0DF8E9FC25F8C9" box="[939,1001,1806,1827]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">rubra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) have fewer gill-rakers (lower-limb rakers = 28-31, versus 32-36 in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FCAAF8D6FC47F8AF" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[780,907,1841,1861]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FCAAF8D6FC47F8AF" box="[780,907,1841,1861]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">acutirostris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and a narrower maxilla (greatest width 3.8-4.4% SL, for 14 fish 13 -45 cm. SL, versus 4.458% SL, for 13
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FB2AF8B4FAC0F88D" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[1164,1292,1875,1895]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FB2AF8B4FAC0F88D" box="[1164,1292,1875,1895]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">acutirostris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
of 10-34 cm. SL). These differences between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FC97F892FC5AF860" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[817,918,1908,1930]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FC97F892FC85F860" box="[817,841,1909,1930]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FCFEF893FC5AF860" box="[856,918,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">rubra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FC72F892FB9FF863" baseAuthorityName="VALENCIENNES" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[980,1107,1909,1929]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FC72F892FB9FF863" box="[980,1107,1909,1929]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">acutirostris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are relatively minor, and in view of the allopatric distributions of these two taxa, they might be considered as only subspecifically distinct. But the presence of a third distinct population (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2715BFFE6FA07F85FFA16F83F" baseAuthorityName="LOWE" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1441,1498,1976,2005]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
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<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FA07F85FFA16F83F" box="[1441,1498,1976,2005]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">M.fusca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) that occurs at the Azores, Madeira, Canaries and Cape Verde Islands in the Eastern Atlantic implies that each of these populations is genetically distinct from the other
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<emphasis id="B9315823715BFFE6FE42F7C5FDD9F7DE" bold="true" box="[484,533,2082,2100]" pageId="43" pageNumber="48">two.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |