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<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[211,428,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglaura hemistoma</emphasis>
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A-D
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<emphasis box="[151,343,336,357]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglaura hemistoma</emphasis>
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. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Haeckel E." page="275" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1879">
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="275" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 275</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 16 figs 3-4. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Vanhoffen E." box="[541,752,365,387]" page="78" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation author="Vanhoffen" box="[541,752,365,387]" firstAuthor="Vanhoffen" page="78" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="55 - 86" refId="ref75848" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1902. Die Craspedoten Medusen der deutschen Tiefsee Expedition 1898 - 1899. I. Trachymedusen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition &quot; Valdivia &quot; 3: 55 - 86, pls 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1902">Vanhöffen, 1902: 78</bibRefCitation>
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, synonymy. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Bigelow H. B." box="[353,539,394,416]" page="119" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation author="Bigelow" box="[353,539,394,416]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" page="119" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 243" refId="ref64854" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1909. The Medusae. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; from October, 1904, to March, 1905. XVI. Memoirs of the Museum of comparative Zoology at Harvard College 37: 1 - 243, pls 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1909">Bigelow, 1909: 119</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 2 fig. 6, synonymy. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[245,418,423,444]" page="398" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[245,418,423,444]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="398" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I &amp; II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 398</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 254, pl. 46 figs 4-5, pl. 49 figs 3-7, pl. 50 fig. 11. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[446,642,452,474]" page="192" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1959">
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, fig. 291 – 
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[227,408,481,503]" page="251" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[227,408,481,503]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="251" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961: 251</bibRefCitation>
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. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[443,626,481,503]" page="127" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[443,626,481,503]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="127" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref69926" refString="Kramp P. L. 1965. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Dana Report 63: 1 - 162." type="book chapter" year="1965">Kramp, 1965: 127</bibRefCitation>
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, distribution. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[246,426,510,532]" page="122" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[246,426,510,532]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="122" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref69950" refString="Kramp P. L. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report 72: 1 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1968">Kramp, 1968: 122</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 331. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Bouillon J." box="[544,752,510,532]" page="162" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[544,752,510,532]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" page="162" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="117 - 172" refId="ref65593" refString="Bouillon J. 1978 a. Hydromeduses de l'Archipel des Sechelles et du Mozambique. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 92 (1): 117 - 172." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="a">Bouillon, 1978a: 162</bibRefCitation>
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, cnidome. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Fagetti G. E." box="[338,503,539,561]" page="41" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation author="Fagetti" box="[338,503,539,561]" firstAuthor="Fagetti" page="41" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="31 - 75" refId="ref67710" refString="Fagetti G. E. 1973. Medusas de aguas chilenas. Revista de Biologia Marina. 15 (1): 31 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Fagetti, 1973: 41</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 4 fig. 13. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Goy J." page="284" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation author="Goy" firstAuthor="Goy" page="284" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="263 - 296" refId="ref68549" refString="Goy J. 1979. Campagne de la Calypso au large des cotes Atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). 35. Meduses. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique 55 (Suppl.): 263 - 296." type="journal article" year="1979">Goy, 1979: 284</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 25. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Pages F. &amp; Gili J. M. &amp; Bouillon J." box="[365,572,568,590]" page="44" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation author="Pages" box="[365,572,568,590]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pages" page="44" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref73113" refString="Pages F., Gili J. M., Bouillon J. 1992. Medusae (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa) of the Benguela Current (southeastern Atlantic). Scientia Marina 56 (Suppl. 1): 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1992">
Pagès 
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., 1992: 44
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, fig. 53. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Bouillon J. &amp; Medel M. D. &amp; Pages F. &amp; Gili J. M. &amp; Boero B. &amp; Gravili C." page="241" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bouillon" page="241" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 448" refId="ref66079" refString="Bouillon J., Medel M. D., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero B., Gravili C. 2004. Fauna of the Mediterranean Hydrozoa. Scientia Marina 68 (Suppl. 2): 1 - 448." type="journal article" year="2004">
Bouillon 
<emphasis box="[227,276,597,619]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004: 241
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, fig. 152G. – 
<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689049" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689049" author="Nagata R. M. &amp; Nogueira Junior M. &amp; Haddad M. A." box="[518,752,597,619]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385B265953F3A6F54D9F999FAD8FA7F" page="316" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation author="Nagata" box="[518,752,597,619]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nagata" page="316" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="291 - 326" refId="ref72612" refString="Nagata R. M., Nogueira Junior M., Haddad M. A. 2014. Faunistic survey of Hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the coast of Parana State, Southern Brazil. Zootaxa 3768 (3): 291 - 326." type="journal article" year="2014">
Nagata 
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, figs 36-37.
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<treatmentCitation author="Eydoux &amp; Soulyet" box="[151,621,655,678]" page="643" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1852">
<taxonomicName authority="Eydoux &amp; Soulyet, 1852: 643" authorityName="Eydoux &amp; Soulyet" authorityPageNumber="643" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,621,655,678]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Lessoniaceae" genus="Lessonia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">
<emphasis box="[151,316,656,677]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Lessonia radiata</emphasis>
Eydoux &amp; Soulyet, 1852: 643
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, pl. 2 fig. 16, Pacific Ocean.
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<paragraph blockId="96.[151,757,335,1143]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
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<treatmentCitation author="Leuckart R." box="[151,494,714,736]" page="10" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1856">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7NNBW" authority="Peronii Leuckart, 1856: 10" authorityName="Peronii Leuckart" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,494,714,736]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,306,714,735]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglaura Peronii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Leuckart" box="[311,494,714,736]" firstAuthor="Leuckart" page="10" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref70669" refString="Leuckart R. 1856. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Medusenfauna von Nizza. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 22 (1): 1 - 40, pls 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1856">Leuckart, 1856: 10</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 1 fig. 5, Mediterranean. ‒ 
<treatmentCitation author="Haeckel E." box="[245,434,743,765]" page="275" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1879">
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[245,434,743,765]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="275" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 275</bibRefCitation>
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, synonym.
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<treatmentCitation author="Haeckel E." box="[151,553,772,794]" page="272" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1879">
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<emphasis box="[151,357,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglantha globuligera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[364,553,772,794]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="272" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 272</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 16 fig. 8, Canary Islands. ‒ 
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[325,513,801,823]" page="192" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[325,513,801,823]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="192" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a: 192</bibRefCitation>
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, synonym.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation author="Haeckel E." box="[151,574,830,852]" page="274" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1879">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="65QZ8" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 274" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="274" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,574,830,852]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nausicaa">
<emphasis box="[151,337,830,852]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglaura nausicaa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[357,574,830,852]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="274" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 274</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 16 fig. 1, Mediterranean.
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<treatmentCitation author="Haeckel E." box="[151,525,888,910]" page="274" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1879">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="65QYW" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 274" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="274" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,525,888,910]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laterna">
<emphasis box="[151,311,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglaura laterna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[323,525,888,910]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="274" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 274</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 16 fig. 2, Canary Islands.
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<treatmentCitation author="Haeckel E." box="[151,605,946,968]" page="277" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1879">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4ZLXF" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 277" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="277" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,605,946,968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Stauraglaura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetragonima">
<emphasis box="[151,404,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Stauraglaura tetragonima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[412,605,946,968]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="277" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 277</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 16 figs 10- 11, coast of 
<collectingCountry box="[351,442,976,998]" name="Australia" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Australia</collectingCountry>
. – 
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[474,658,975,997]" page="264" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[474,658,975,997]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="264" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961: 264</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, probably 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[227,357,1005,1026]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemistoma">
<emphasis box="[227,357,1005,1026]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">A. hemistoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="96.[151,757,335,1143]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<treatmentCitation author="Maas O." box="[151,514,1034,1055]" page="24" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1897">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="662Z8" authority="Maas, 1897: 24" authorityName="Maas" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,514,1034,1055]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="prismatica">
<emphasis box="[151,344,1034,1055]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglaura prismatica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Maas" box="[354,514,1034,1055]" firstAuthor="Maas" page="24" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref70983" refString="Maas O. 1897. Die Medusen. 21 st Reports on an exploration off the West Coast of Mexico, Central and South America and of the Galapagos Islands, in charge of A. Agassiz by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; during 1891. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 23 (1): 1 - 92, pls 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1897">Maas, 1897: 24</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 2 figs 4-5, Gulf of 
<collectingCountry box="[227,305,1063,1084]" name="Panama" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Panama</collectingCountry>
, Pacific Ocean. – 
<bibRefCitation author="Maas" box="[474,588,1063,1085]" firstAuthor="Maas" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="81 - 107" refId="ref71092" refString="Maas O. 1906. Meduses d'Amboine. Revue suisse de Zoologie 14: 81 - 107." type="journal article" year="1906">Maas, 1906</bibRefCitation>
a: 97, pl. 3 fig. 12.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="96.[151,757,335,1143]" box="[151,747,1092,1114]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,747,1092,1114]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<treatmentCitation author="Bigelow H. B." box="[151,531,1092,1114]" page="257" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1904">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="663BQ" authority="Bigelow, 1904: 257" authorityName="Bigelow" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,531,1092,1114]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octogona">
<emphasis box="[151,334,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglantha octogona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Bigelow" box="[340,531,1092,1114]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" page="257" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="245 - 269" refId="ref64817" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1904. Medusae from the Maldive Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 39 (9): 245 - 269, pls 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1904">Bigelow, 1904: 257</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 7 fig. 9, 
<collectingCountry box="[651,743,1092,1114]" name="Maldives" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Maldives</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="96.[151,757,335,1143]" box="[151,585,1121,1143]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,585,1121,1143]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<treatmentCitation author="Perkins H." box="[151,485,1121,1143]" page="118" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" year="1906">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="662YZ" authority="Perkins, 1906: 118" authorityName="Perkins" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,485,1121,1143]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis box="[151,297,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglaura ciliata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Perkins" box="[303,485,1121,1143]" firstAuthor="Perkins" page="118" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="118" refId="ref73328" refString="Perkins H. 1906. Preliminary report. Year book / Carnegie Institution of Washington 4: 118." type="journal article" year="1906">Perkins, 1906: 118</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[494,581,1121,1142]" name="Haiti" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="332" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="96.[151,757,1166,1578]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,408,1166,1190]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Examined material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574328" accessionNumber="MW528640" collectingDate="2018-10-19" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" specimenCode="BFLA3808" specimenCount="4">
<specimenCode box="[437,565,1166,1190]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">BFLA3808</specimenCode>
; 
<specimenCount box="[599,755,1166,1190]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
observed, one collected; 
<date box="[446,600,1199,1223]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" value="2018-10-19">
<collectingDate box="[446,600,1199,1223]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" value="2018-10-19">19-OCT-2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; size 
<quantity box="[678,752,1199,1223]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence 
<accessionNumber box="[151,283,1263,1287]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528640" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">MW528640</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574522" accessionNumber="MW528686" collectingDate="2019-08-27" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" specimenCode="BFLA4214, UF-013830" specimenCount="1">
– 
<specimenCode box="[317,442,1263,1287]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">BFLA4214</specimenCode>
; 
<specimenCount box="[454,580,1263,1287]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; 
<date box="[593,751,1263,1287]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" value="2019-08-27">
<collectingDate box="[593,751,1263,1287]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" value="2019-08-27">27-AUG-2019</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<quantity box="[151,219,1296,1320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
; parts preserved in formalin (
<specimenCode box="[545,671,1296,1320]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">UF-013830</specimenCode>
) and in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence 
<accessionNumber box="[620,753,1328,1352]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528686" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">MW528686</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574389" collectingDate="2019-08-20" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" specimenCount="1">
– 
<date box="[173,331,1360,1384]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" value="2019-08-20">
<collectingDate box="[173,331,1360,1384]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" value="2019-08-20">20-AUG-2019</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<specimenCount box="[344,466,1360,1384]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
photographed; size 
<quantity box="[686,752,1360,1384]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
; not collected.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="96.[151,757,1166,1578]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574314" collectingDate="2001-05-03" elevation="35" latitude="43.686" location="Mediterranean" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="7.317" municipality="Bay of Villefranche-sur-Mer" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" specimenCode="MHNG-INVE-0031745" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[151,411,1424,1448]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">MHNG-INVE-0031745</specimenCode>
; 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B6C0074FF1CFE97FC237C8A:5D676DB15B6C0074FE0AFA06FDB87D88" box="[453,611,1424,1448]" latitude="43.686" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="7.317" municipality="Bay of Villefranche-sur-Mer" name="Mediterranean" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Mediterranean</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Bay of Villefranche-sur-Mer</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[413,529,1457,1481]" degrees="43.6860" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" precision="5" value="43.686">43.6860°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[560,663,1457,1481]" degrees="7.3170" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" precision="5" value="7.317">7.3170°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[151,235,1489,1513]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="0.0">
<elevation box="[151,235,1489,1513]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="0.0">0-70 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; collection date 
<date box="[422,580,1489,1513]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" value="2001-05-03">
<collectingDate box="[422,580,1489,1513]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" value="2001-05-03">03-MAY-2001</collectingDate>
</date>
; numerous specimens collected, some preserved in formalin, one used for DNA extraction, 16S sequence 
<accessionNumber box="[524,642,1553,1577]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KP776748" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">KP776748</accessionNumber>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="332" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="96.[151,756,1601,2077]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,312,1601,1625]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Observations:</emphasis>
Specimens from 
<collectingRegion box="[515,593,1601,1625]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Florida</collectingRegion>
with bell size of 
<quantity box="[186,256,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, cylindrical shape, aboral side with funnellike depression (
<figureCitation box="[329,427,1665,1690]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[151,186,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-5@97.[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 58. Aglaura hemistoma. (A-B) Sample BFLA3808, bell size 2 mm, oblique views from oral side. The statocysts can be seen in B as tiny, bright spots along the ball margin. (C) Animal photographed 20-AUG-2018, bell size 3 mm. (D) BFLA4214, bell size 2 mm, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640105/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Fig. 58C</figureCitation>
), wall very thin, velum broad, with slender gastric peduncle of 2/3 of subumbrellar height (
<figureCitation box="[246,360,1730,1754]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[151,186,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-5@97.[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 58. Aglaura hemistoma. (A-B) Sample BFLA3808, bell size 2 mm, oblique views from oral side. The statocysts can be seen in B as tiny, bright spots along the ball margin. (C) Animal photographed 20-AUG-2018, bell size 3 mm. (D) BFLA4214, bell size 2 mm, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640105/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Fig. 58D</figureCitation>
). Manubrium protruding through velar opening (
<figureCitation box="[322,404,1762,1786]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[151,186,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-5@97.[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 58. Aglaura hemistoma. (A-B) Sample BFLA3808, bell size 2 mm, oblique views from oral side. The statocysts can be seen in B as tiny, bright spots along the ball margin. (C) Animal photographed 20-AUG-2018, bell size 3 mm. (D) BFLA4214, bell size 2 mm, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640105/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
A-D), bipartite, upper part saclike, lower half with cruciform cross-section, ending in four-lipped mouth (
<figureCitation box="[402,503,1827,1851]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[151,186,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-5@97.[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 58. Aglaura hemistoma. (A-B) Sample BFLA3808, bell size 2 mm, oblique views from oral side. The statocysts can be seen in B as tiny, bright spots along the ball margin. (C) Animal photographed 20-AUG-2018, bell size 3 mm. (D) BFLA4214, bell size 2 mm, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640105/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Fig. 58B</figureCitation>
), margins smooth, not crenulated. Gonads eight sausage-shaped apendices in a whorl attached at junction of manubrium to peduncle (
<figureCitation box="[159,250,1923,1948]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[151,186,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-5@97.[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 58. Aglaura hemistoma. (A-B) Sample BFLA3808, bell size 2 mm, oblique views from oral side. The statocysts can be seen in B as tiny, bright spots along the ball margin. (C) Animal photographed 20-AUG-2018, bell size 3 mm. (D) BFLA4214, bell size 2 mm, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640105/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
A-C). Eight radial canals, thin and very transparent. Seven or eight statocysts (
<figureCitation box="[569,665,1956,1980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[151,186,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-5@97.[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 58. Aglaura hemistoma. (A-B) Sample BFLA3808, bell size 2 mm, oblique views from oral side. The statocysts can be seen in B as tiny, bright spots along the ball margin. (C) Animal photographed 20-AUG-2018, bell size 3 mm. (D) BFLA4214, bell size 2 mm, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640105/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Fig. 58B</figureCitation>
) on bell margin and about 70 thin tentacles. Mostly colourless, but interference effects often cause iridescence in rainbow colours (
<figureCitation box="[338,469,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[151,186,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-5@97.[151,1435,257,1812]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 58. Aglaura hemistoma. (A-B) Sample BFLA3808, bell size 2 mm, oblique views from oral side. The statocysts can be seen in B as tiny, bright spots along the ball margin. (C) Animal photographed 20-AUG-2018, bell size 3 mm. (D) BFLA4214, bell size 2 mm, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640105/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Fig. 58A, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="332" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="96.[832,1437,257,471]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,946,257,281]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">16S Data:</emphasis>
The two haplotypes of this study differed in 0.9% of the base pairs, while the minimal differences to other population were 2 to 5 % (
<tableCitation box="[1177,1258,320,344]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
). In a maximum likelihood tree (not shown) obtained by comparing it to the Trachymedusa 16S dataset of 
<bibRefCitation author="Bentlage" box="[1199,1437,383,407]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bentlage" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="50 - 59" refId="ref64727" refString="Bentlage B., Osborn K. J., Lindsay D. J., Hopcroft R. R., Raskoff K. A., Collins A. G. 2018. Loss of metagenesis and evolution of a parasitic life style in a group of open-ocean jellyfish. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 124: 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="2018">
Bentlage 
<emphasis box="[1302,1350,383,407]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
and additional trachyline sequences from GenBank, all 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[832,1042,446,470]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemistoma">
<emphasis box="[832,1042,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglaura hemistoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clustered as a monophyletic group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="332" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="96.[832,1437,493,738]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,981,493,517]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Distribution:</emphasis>
Widely distributed and common in the warm and temperate parts of the Atlantic-, Indian-, and Pacific Oceans, usually between about 
<geoCoordinate box="[1329,1385,556,580]" degrees="40" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" precision="55555" value="40.0">40°N</geoCoordinate>
and 
<geoCoordinate box="[832,884,587,611]" degrees="40" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" precision="55555" value="-40.0">40°S</geoCoordinate>
including also the Mediterranean, usually in large numbers (
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[939,1085,619,643]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref69926" refString="Kramp P. L. 1965. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Dana Report 63: 1 - 162." type="book chapter" year="1965">Kramp, 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Fagetti" box="[1097,1242,619,643]" firstAuthor="Fagetti" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="31 - 75" refId="ref67710" refString="Fagetti G. E. 1973. Medusas de aguas chilenas. Revista de Biologia Marina. 15 (1): 31 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Fagetti, 1973</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[1254,1432,619,643]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="249 - 297" refId="ref65621" refString="Bouillon J. 1978 b. Hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie, Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie 1: Anthomedusae Capitata (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 19 (3): 249 - 297." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon, 1978b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Goy" box="[832,946,650,674]" firstAuthor="Goy" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="263 - 296" refId="ref68549" refString="Goy J. 1979. Campagne de la Calypso au large des cotes Atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). 35. Meduses. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique 55 (Suppl.): 263 - 296." type="journal article" year="1979">Goy, 1979</bibRefCitation>
; Navas-Pereira &amp;Vannuci, 1991; 
<bibRefCitation author="Pages" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pages" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref73113" refString="Pages F., Gili J. M., Bouillon J. 1992. Medusae (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa) of the Benguela Current (southeastern Atlantic). Scientia Marina 56 (Suppl. 1): 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1992">
Pagès 
<emphasis box="[1376,1436,650,674]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">et al.,</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Nagata" box="[900,1108,682,706]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nagata" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="291 - 326" refId="ref72612" refString="Nagata R. M., Nogueira Junior M., Haddad M. A. 2014. Faunistic survey of Hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the coast of Parana State, Southern Brazil. Zootaxa 3768 (3): 291 - 326." type="journal article" year="2014">
Nagata 
<emphasis box="[982,1043,682,706]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">et al.,</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<typeStatus box="[1126,1179,682,706]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Mediterranean Sea, near the town of Nice.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="332" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="96.[832,1437,760,1194]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,944,760,784]" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Remarks:</emphasis>
Although 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[1064,1277,760,784]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemistoma">
<emphasis box="[1064,1277,760,784]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglaura hemistoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has numerous synonyms, it is taxonomically rather unproblematic. Providing a tabular comparison of the nominal 
<taxonomicName box="[832,1020,855,879]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[832,921,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">Aglaura</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Vanhoffen" box="[1043,1247,855,879]" firstAuthor="Vanhoffen" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="55 - 86" refId="ref75848" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1902. Die Craspedoten Medusen der deutschen Tiefsee Expedition 1898 - 1899. I. Trachymedusen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition &quot; Valdivia &quot; 3: 55 - 86, pls 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1902">Vanhöffen (1902)</bibRefCitation>
concluded that they are mostly developmental stages or variants of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[832,987,918,942]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemistoma">
<emphasis box="[832,987,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">A. hemistoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[1138,1294,918,942]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Aglaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemistoma">
<emphasis box="[1138,1294,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="332">A. hemistoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a very thin jelly which gets deformed quite drastically when preserved (
<bibRefCitation author="Bigelow" box="[956,1124,981,1005]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" pagination="1 - 243" refId="ref64854" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1909. The Medusae. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; from October, 1904, to March, 1905. XVI. Memoirs of the Museum of comparative Zoology at Harvard College 37: 1 - 243, pls 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1909">Bigelow, 1909</bibRefCitation>
). Our own observations on material from the Mediterranean showed that the bell actually elongates considerably in formalin. Some authors may have misinterpreted this fixation effect as a diagnostic trait and it explains the number of synonyms. The few available 16S sequences are also relatively similar (
<tableCitation box="[919,1000,1170,1194]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="96" pageNumber="332" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>