530 lines
75 KiB
XML
530 lines
75 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DE270827D5B2DE337E43689B0D279293">Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="CE62CE616B7B47EF07FDAFDD5F3A0C07">Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="60A79B96B6F9C5AA5E833928D7AD56D3">Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="D0118A7C5B5F0042FC52F8C9FD327ED8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710643" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5710643" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B5F0042FC52F8C9FD327ED8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B5F0042FC52F8C9FD327ED8" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="322" pageId="83" pageNumber="319">
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<subSubSection id="10A268E15B5F0047FC52F8C9FAE57F57" box="[925,1342,1887,1911]" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B5F0047FC52F8C9FAE57F57" blockId="83.[925,1342,1887,1943]" box="[925,1342,1887,1911]" pageId="83" pageNumber="319">
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<heading id="034F8C065B5F0047FC52F8C9FAE57F57" bold="true" box="[925,1342,1887,1911]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B5F0047FC52F8C9FAE57F57" ID-CoL="4NHJ9" ID-ENA="2805967" authority="(Haeckel, 1879)" authorityName="Yes" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[925,1342,1887,1911]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pseudaeginidae" genus="Pseudaegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rhodina">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B5F0047FC52F8C9FAE57F57" bold="true" box="[925,1342,1887,1911]" pageId="83" pageNumber="319">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B5F0047FC52F8C9FB5C7F57" bold="true" box="[925,1159,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="319">Pseudaegina rhodina</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B5F0047FB59F8C9FAE37F57" author="Haeckel" box="[1174,1336,1887,1911]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="10A268E15B5F0047FC3FF8E9FB307FB7" box="[1008,1259,1919,1943]" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" type="description">
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B5F0047FC3FF8E9FB307FB7" blockId="83.[925,1342,1887,1943]" box="[1008,1259,1919,1943]" pageId="83" pageNumber="319">
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<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B5F0047FC3FF8E9FBEF7FB7" box="[1008,1076,1919,1943]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="319">Fig 51</figureCitation>
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A-G,
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<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B5F0047FBBDF8E9FB657FB7" box="[1138,1214,1919,1943]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="86.[151,186,922,944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,253,880]" captionTargetId="figure-450@86.[151,1435,253,880]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Fig. 52. Pseudaegina rhodina with 4 tentacles. (A) BFLA4134, size 9 mm, animal has semi-digested prey items in its gastric system including the peripheral canal system rendering it thus much more visible. (B) BFLA4120, bell size 9 mm, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640082/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="319">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
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A-B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="10A268E15B5F0040FCF0F83BFDC27A54" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B5F0047FCF0F83BFBF57039" blockId="83.[831,1437,1965,2073]" pageId="83" pageNumber="319">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B5F0047FCF0F83BFBF57039" pageId="83" pageNumber="319">
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B5F0047FCF0F83BFB4C7FE2" author="Haeckel E." box="[831,1175,1965,1987]" page="338" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" year="1879">
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B5F0047FCF0F83BFB4C7FE2" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 338" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="338" authorityYear="1879" box="[831,1175,1965,1987]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rhodina">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B5F0047FCF0F83BFC0E7FE2" box="[831,981,1965,1986]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="319">Aegina rhodina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B5F0047FC15F83BFB4C7FE2" author="Haeckel" box="[986,1175,1965,1987]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="338" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 338</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 20 figs 11-15. –
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B5F0047FA96F838FC397FFF" author="Mayer A. G." page="27" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B5F0047FA96F838FC397FFF" author="Mayer" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="27" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref71625" refString="Mayer A. G. 1904. Medusae of the Bahamas. Memoirs of Natural Sciences / Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 1 (1): 1 - 33, pls 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1904">Mayer, 1904: 27</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 4 figs 28-29. –
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B5F0047FB55F85CFAEB7FFF" author="Maas O." box="[1178,1328,1994,2016]" page="71" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" year="1905">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B5F0047FB55F85CFAEB7FFF" author="Maas" box="[1178,1328,1994,2016]" firstAuthor="Maas" page="71" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref71059" refString="Maas O. 1905. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie. Siboga Expeditie 10: 1 - 84, pls 1 - 14. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11301" type="journal article" year="1905">Maas, 1905: 71</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, is Atlantic species. –
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||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B5F0047FC3EF871FB7B7FDD" author="Mayer A. G." box="[1009,1184,2023,2045]" page="452" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B5F0047FC3EF871FB7B7FDD" author="Mayer" box="[1009,1184,2023,2045]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="452" pageId="83" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 452</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, plate 52, fig. 5; plate 54, figs 11, 11’-11’”.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FF58FE94FD2F7914" blockId="84.[151,757,257,628]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B580040FF58FE94FD2F7914" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FF58FE94FDF27936" author="Haeckel E." box="[151,553,257,279]" page="339" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1879">
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FF58FE94FDF27936" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 339" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="339" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,553,257,279]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="canariensis">
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||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF58FE94FE8E7937" box="[151,341,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Aegina canariensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FEAFFE97FDF27936" author="Haeckel" box="[352,553,257,279]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="339" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 339</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. –
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||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FD80FE94FD2B7936" author="Maas O." box="[591,752,257,279]" page="71" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1905">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FD80FE94FD2B7936" author="Maas" box="[591,752,257,279]" firstAuthor="Maas" page="71" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref71059" refString="Maas O. 1905. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie. Siboga Expeditie 10: 1 - 84, pls 1 - 14. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11301" type="journal article" year="1905">Maas, 1905: 71</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FE94FE89FE1A7913" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[347,449,286,308]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rhodina">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FE94FE89FE1A7913" box="[347,449,286,308]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">A. rhodina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FE10FE89FD507914" author="Mayer A. G." box="[479,651,286,308]" page="452" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FE10FE89FD507914" author="Mayer" box="[479,651,286,308]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="452" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 452</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, synonym.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FF58FEAAFD4B794E" blockId="84.[151,757,257,628]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B580040FF58FEAAFD4B794E" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FF58FEAAFDF77971" author="Haeckel E." box="[151,556,315,337]" page="339" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1879">
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FF58FEAAFDF77971" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 339" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="339" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,556,315,337]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eschscholtzi">
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||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF58FEAAFE817970" box="[151,346,315,337]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Aegina eschscholtzi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FEABFEADFDF77971" author="Haeckel" box="[356,556,315,337]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="339" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 339</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FD9FFEAAFD2B7971" author="Maas O." box="[592,752,315,337]" page="71" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1905">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FD9FFEAAFD2B7971" author="Maas" box="[592,752,315,337]" firstAuthor="Maas" page="71" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref71059" refString="Maas O. 1905. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie. Siboga Expeditie 10: 1 - 84, pls 1 - 14. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11301" type="journal article" year="1905">Maas, 1905: 71</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FE94FECFFE1A794D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[347,449,344,366]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rhodina">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FE94FECFFE1A794D" box="[347,449,344,366]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">A. rhodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FE10FECFFD57794E" author="Mayer A. G." box="[479,652,344,366]" page="453" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FE10FECFFD57794E" author="Mayer" box="[479,652,344,366]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="453" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 453</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FF58FEE3FEB179E5" blockId="84.[151,757,257,628]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B580040FF58FEE3FEB179E5" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FF58FEE3FDE879AB" author="Haeckel E." box="[151,563,373,395]" page="351" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1879">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FF58FEE3FDE879AB" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 351" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="351" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,563,373,395]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Solmundaeginidae" genus="Solmundus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetralinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF58FEE3FEBE79AA" box="[151,357,373,394]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Solmundus tetralinus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FEA1FEE3FDE879AB" author="Haeckel" box="[366,563,373,395]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="351" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 351</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FD9CFEE0FD2B79AB" author="Maas O." box="[595,752,373,395]" page="71" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1905">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FD9CFEE0FD2B79AB" author="Maas" box="[595,752,373,395]" firstAuthor="Maas" page="71" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref71059" refString="Maas O. 1905. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie. Siboga Expeditie 10: 1 - 84, pls 1 - 14. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11301" type="journal article" year="1905">Maas, 1905: 71</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FE93FE05FE1F7987" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[348,452,402,424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rhodina">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FE93FE05FE1F7987" box="[348,452,402,424]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">A. rhodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FE2CFE05FD4A7988" author="Mayer A. G." box="[483,657,402,424]" page="452" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FE2CFE05FD4A7988" author="Mayer" box="[483,657,402,424]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="452" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 452</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF32FE26FEB179E5" box="[253,362,432,453]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FF32FE26FEBD79E5" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[253,358,432,453]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rhodina">A. rhodina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FF58FE5BFDB179C2" blockId="84.[151,757,257,628]" box="[151,618,460,483]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FF67FE5BFE2379C2" ID-CoL="659GK" authority="Vanhoffen, 1908: 50" authorityName="Vanhoffen" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="1908" box="[168,504,460,483]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lactea">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF67FE5BFEF679C2" box="[168,301,461,482]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Aegina lactea</emphasis>
|
||
Vanhöffen, 1908: 50
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 1 fig. 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FF58FE7CFDAA7A19" blockId="84.[151,757,257,628]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B580040FF58FE7CFDAA7A19" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF58FE7CFEE879DF" box="[151,307,490,511]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FF58FE7CFEC779DF" ID-CoL="64XGL" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,284,490,511]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="citrea">Aegina citrea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FEF5FE7CFD4479DF" author="Van Der Spoel S. & Bleeker J." box="[314,671,490,512]" page="244" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FEF5FE7CFD4479DF" author="Bleeker & Van der Spoel" box="[314,671,490,512]" firstAuthor="Bleeker" page="244" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="161 - 202" refId="ref75807" refString="Van Der Spoel S., Bleeker J. 1988. Medusae from the Banda Sea and Aru Sea plankton, collected during the Snellius II expeditions, 1984 - 1985. Indo Malayan Zoology 5: 161 - 202." type="journal article" year="1988">Bleeker & Van der Spoel, 1988: 244</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 43- 44. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FED5FD91FDD87A3C" author="Larson R. J. & Mills C. E. & Harbison G. R." box="[282,515,519,540]" page="789" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1989">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FED5FD91FDD87A3C" author="Larson" box="[282,515,519,540]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Larson" page="789" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="785 - 794" refId="ref70459" refString="Larson R. J., Mills C. E., Harbison G. R. 1989. In situ foraging and feeding behaviour of Narcomedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 69: 785 - 794." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Larson
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FEADFD91FE4F7A3C" box="[354,404,519,540]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1989: 789
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. – in part
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FDABFD91FF257A1A" author="Kramp P. L." page="61" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FDABFD91FF257A1A" author="Kramp" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="61" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a: 61</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. [not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FEFCFDB2FDB07A19" ID-CoL="64XGL" authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[307,619,547,570]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="citrea">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FEFCFDB2FE6F7A19" box="[307,436,548,569]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Aegina citrea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FE74FDB2FDB07A19" author="Eschscholtz" box="[443,619,547,570]" firstAuthor="Eschscholtz" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" refId="ref67623" refString="Eschscholtz F. 1829. System der Acalephen. Eine ausfuhrliche Beschreibung aller medusenartigen Strahltiere. Ferdinand Dummler, Berlin, 190 pp., 16 pls." type="book" year="1829">Eschscholtz, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FF58FDD7FDC27A54" blockId="84.[151,757,257,628]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B580040FF58FDD7FDC27A54" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF58FDD7FEB57A76" box="[151,366,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FF58FDD7FEB17A76" ID-CoL="4NHJ9" authorityName="Yes" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[151,362,577,598]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pseudaeginidae" genus="Pseudaegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rhodina">Pseudaegina rhodina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
‒
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B580040FE47FDD7FD5A7A77" author="Lindsay D. J. & Grossmann M. M. & Bentlage B. & Collins A. G. & Minemizu R. & Hopcroft R. R. & Miyake H. & Hidaka-Umetsu M. & Nishikawa J." box="[392,641,577,599]" page="507" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FE47FDD7FD5A7A77" author="Lindsay" box="[392,641,577,599]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lindsay" page="507" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="494 - 512" refId="ref70828" refString="Lindsay D. J., Grossmann M. M., Bentlage B., Collins A. G., Minemizu R., Hopcroft R. R., Miyake H., Hidaka-Umetsu M., Nishikawa J. 2017. The perils of online biogeographic databases: a case study with the ' monospecific' genus Aegina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Narcomedusae). Marine Biology Research 13 (5): 494 - 512." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Lindsay
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FE12FDD7FDD47A76" box="[477,527,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017: 507
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 11-13, redescription, new combination.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B580040FF58FD1DFEF47DCA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FF58FD1DFEAA7A83" blockId="84.[151,757,651,1514]" box="[151,369,651,675]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF58FD1DFEAA7A83" bold="true" box="[151,369,651,675]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Examined material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FF58FD3AFDDC7CA7" blockId="84.[151,757,651,1514]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF58FD3AFE6E7AE4" box="[151,437,684,708]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Specimens with 5 tentacles</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8D031375B580040FE0CFD3DFDEC7B04" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574399" accessionNumber="MW528658" collectingDate="2019-01-17" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="BFLA4015, UF-013441" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FE0CFD3DFDE47AE3" box="[451,575,683,707]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">BFLA4015</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B580040FD85FD3AFD1D7AE4" box="[586,710,684,708]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B580040FD1FFD3AFED17AC4" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-01-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C42E4425B580040FD1FFD3AFED17AC4" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-01-17">17- JAN-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FE86FD5AFE417AC3" box="[329,410,716,740]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FEEBFD7AFE797B24" box="[292,418,748,772]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">UF-013441</specimenCode>
|
||
, small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber id="47EBA6895B580040FE7CFC9AFDEC7B04" box="[435,567,780,804]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW528658" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">MW528658</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8D031375B580040FD8BFC9BFD2A7BA5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574452" accessionNumber="MW528659" collectingDate="2019-04-01" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="BFLA4047, UF-013451" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FD93FC9AFD027B04" box="[604,729,780,804]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">BFLA4047</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B580040FD28FC9AFF247B65" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B580040FEDFFCBBFE727B65" box="[272,425,813,837]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-04-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C42E4425B580040FEDFFCBBFE727B65" box="[272,425,813,837]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-04-01">01-APR-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FE3EFCBBFD9E7B64" box="[497,581,813,837]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FE13FCDBFD807B45" box="[476,603,845,869]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">UF-013451</specimenCode>
|
||
, small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber id="47EBA6895B580040FDA3FCFBFD2A7BA5" box="[620,753,877,901]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW528659" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">MW528659</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8D031375B580040FF58FC18FE467C26" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574482" accessionNumber="MW528659" collectingDate="2019-04-10" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="BFLA4067, UF-013778" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FF61FC1BFEF07B85" box="[174,299,909,933]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">BFLA4067</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B580040FEF6FC1BFE6C7B85" box="[313,439,909,933]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B580040FE0AFC1BFD857B85" box="[453,606,909,933]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-04-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C42E4425B580040FE0AFC1BFD857B85" box="[453,606,909,933]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-04-10">10-APR-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FD50FC1BFD2B7B85" box="[671,752,909,933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FDBDFC38FD2B7BE6" box="[626,752,942,966]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">UF-013778</specimenCode>
|
||
, small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
|
||
<accessionNumber id="47EBA6895B580040FED7FC78FE467C26" box="[280,413,1006,1030]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW528659" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">MW528659</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8D031375B580040FE67FC79FDF47C47" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574412" accessionNumber="MW528707" collectingDate="2020-01-24" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="BFLA4322, UF-013887" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FE72FC78FDE17C26" box="[445,570,1006,1030]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">BFLA4322</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B580040FD89FC78FD1F7C26" box="[582,708,1006,1030]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B580040FD1FFC78FED17C06" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2020-01-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C42E4425B580040FD1FFC78FED17C06" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2020-01-24">24- JAN-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FE86FB98FE417C06" box="[329,410,1038,1062]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FEEBFBB9FE7A7C67" box="[292,417,1071,1095]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">UF-013887</specimenCode>
|
||
, small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber id="47EBA6895B580040FE65FBD9FDF47C47" box="[426,559,1103,1127]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW528707" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">MW528707</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8D031375B580040FDF6FBD9FDDC7CA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574466" collectingDate="2020-03-13" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B580040FD81FBD9FD2B7C47" box="[590,752,1103,1127]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2020-03-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C42E4425B580040FD81FBD9FD2B7C47" box="[590,752,1103,1127]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2020-03-13">13-MAR-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B580040FF58FBF9FEC87CA7" box="[151,275,1135,1159]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FED1FBF9FEB77CA6" box="[286,364,1135,1159]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
; not collected.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FF58FB06FEF47DCA" blockId="84.[151,757,651,1514]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF58FB06FE6E7C87" box="[151,437,1167,1191]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Specimens with 4 tentacles</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8D031375B580040FE0CFB19FDEC7D28" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574341" accessionNumber="MW528678" collectingDate="2019-06-04" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="BFLA4120, UF-013803" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FE0CFB19FD9B7C87" box="[451,576,1167,1191]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">BFLA4120</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B580040FD85FB19FD1D7C87" box="[586,710,1167,1191]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B580040FD1FFB19FED17CE8" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-06-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C42E4425B580040FD1FFB19FED17CE8" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-06-04">04- JUN-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FE82FB26FE497CE7" box="[333,402,1200,1224]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FEEBFB46FE797CC8" box="[292,418,1232,1256]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">UF-013803</specimenCode>
|
||
, small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber id="47EBA6895B580040FE7CFB66FDEC7D28" box="[435,567,1264,1288]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW528678" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">MW528678</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8D031375B580040FD8BFB66FEF17DA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574356" collectingDate="2019-06-15" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="BFLA4134, UF-013809" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FD93FB66FD027D28" box="[604,729,1264,1288]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">BFLA4134</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B580040FD28FB66FF247D08" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B580040FEDEFA86FE7C7D08" box="[273,423,1296,1320]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-06-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C42E4425B580040FEDEFA86FE7C7D08" box="[273,423,1296,1320]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-06-15">15-JUN-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FE3FFA86FD9F7D08" box="[496,580,1296,1320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FE3DFAA7FDAB7D69" box="[498,624,1329,1353]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">UF-013809</specimenCode>
|
||
, small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence not determinable.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8D031375B580040FEFEFAE7FEF47DCA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574468" collectingDate="2019-06-04" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" specimenCode="BFLA4118, UF-013809" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FE88FAE7FE187DA9" box="[327,451,1393,1417]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">BFLA4118</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B580040FE1FFAE7FD967DA9" box="[464,589,1393,1417]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B580040FD95FAE7FD2B7DA9" box="[602,752,1393,1417]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-06-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C42E4425B580040FD95FAE7FD2B7DA9" box="[602,752,1393,1417]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" value="2019-06-04">04-JUN-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FF05FA07FED67D89" box="[202,269,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B580040FF58FA24FECE7DEA" box="[151,277,1458,1482]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">UF-013809</specimenCode>
|
||
, small part in alcohol for DNA extraction, not examined.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B580040FF58F997FC307B20" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FF58F997FEF57E39" blockId="84.[151,757,1537,2077]" box="[151,302,1537,1561]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF58F997FEF57E39" bold="true" box="[151,302,1537,1561]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Observations</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FF58F9B4FB0D7ABE" blockId="84.[151,757,1537,2077]" lastBlockId="84.[832,1437,257,768]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FF58F9B4FE617E19" box="[151,442,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Form with 5 tentacles</emphasis>
|
||
: Umbrella approximately hemispherical,
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FE8FF9D7FE6C7E79" box="[320,439,1601,1625]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15-20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, jelly firm, apical mesoglea half the bell height, tentacles issue at about 2/3 of bell height, above tentacles a small bulge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FD4AF914FD0C7EBA" box="[645,727,1666,1690]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
A- B). Velum broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FEA6F934FE097E9A" box="[361,466,1698,1722]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 51A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stomach about half the bell diameter, mounted on a rounded mesogleal cone of the same diameter reaching to level of bell margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FF50F895FED87F3B" box="[159,259,1795,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 51A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mouth rim can form temporary folds or even a tubular extension with terminal folds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FDF5F8B5FD5E7F1B" box="[570,645,1827,1851]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
D-F). Five subdivided manubrial pockets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FE21F8D5FDE67F7B" box="[494,573,1859,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
C-D). Manubrial pockets broadly U-shaped, reaching from stomach rim to about half the distance to bell margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FDABF812FD127FBC" box="[612,713,1924,1948]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 51A</figureCitation>
|
||
), in middle a narrow septum which does not reach to the stomach level or level of tentacle origin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FD82F852FD767FFC" box="[589,685,1988,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 51C</figureCitation>
|
||
, smp). At bottom of left and right side of the pairs of pouches originates a broad peripheral canal, directed first along peronium towards the bell margin and then following the latter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FC4AFEB4FC33791A" box="[901,1000,289,314]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 51C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Five tentacles originating in upper half of medusa at about upper level of stomach, the proximal end embedded in an exumbrellar furrow, the tentacle roots rather short, entering the mesoglea, tapering, and curved towards oral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FBFCFE35FB42799B" box="[1075,1177,419,443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 51B</figureCitation>
|
||
); tentacle length about 2-3 bell diameters, curved towards oral, nematocysts concentrated on upper side but also present on underside. Below tentacles a deep cleft in exumbrella reaching down to bell margin, its floor with a thickened epidermis containing nematocysts (= peronium,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FB27FDD3FAE27A7D" box="[1256,1337,581,605]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
C-G). 48 to ca. 68 statocysts. No otoporpae. Almost colourless, greenish or yellowish cast in daylight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FC8FFD31FC307B20" blockId="84.[832,1437,257,768]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FC8FFD31FBF07A9F" box="[832,1067,679,703]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Form with 4 tentacles</emphasis>
|
||
: As above, but only four tentacles and four pairs of manubrial pouches, size
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FB33FD51FAAC7AFF" box="[1276,1399,711,735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9 to 11 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 36 to 60 statocysts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B580040FC8FFC81FA907C32" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FC8FFC81FA907C32" blockId="84.[832,1437,791,1042]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FC8FFC81FC6A7B0F" bold="true" box="[832,945,791,815]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">16S data:</emphasis>
|
||
In the maximum likelihood tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FAF5FC81FA4B7B0F" box="[1338,1424,791,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="81.[149,184,1643,1664]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,255,1609]" captionTargetId="graphics-82@81.[152,1431,265,1591]" captionText="Fig. 48. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Narcomedusae obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). Sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Some proveniences were obtained from Lindsay et al. (2017) or through personal communications. Red ODEHOV DUH QHZ VHTXHQFHV IURP WKLV VWXG\. &RORXUHG ER[HV LQGLFDWH IDPLO\ DI¿OLDWLRQV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH FXUUHQWO\ XVHG V\VWHP. (") 'HQRWHV SRVVLEOH PLVLGHQWL¿FDWLRQV." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5646465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5646465/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
), all five samples clustered in a lineage that was well separated from most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FBB5FCCEFAC57B50" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[1146,1310,856,880]" class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Narcomedusae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The clade had a distinct internal dichotomy with the single 4-tentacled specimen being rather apart from the 5-tentacled medusae (7.6 to 7.8% base pair differences). The three haplotypes of the 5-tentacled medusae were rather similar (0.18-0.36% divergences,
|
||
<tableCitation id="153A0ED15B580040FB22FC6CFAE07C32" box="[1261,1339,1018,1042]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B580040FC8FFBBFFC697CA2" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FC8FFBBFFC697CA2" blockId="84.[832,1436,1065,1154]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FC8FFBBFFC0D7C61" bold="true" box="[832,982,1065,1089]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Tropical to subtropical Atlantic Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FC88FBDCFBE87C42" author="Lindsay" box="[839,1075,1098,1122]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lindsay" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="494 - 512" refId="ref70828" refString="Lindsay D. J., Grossmann M. M., Bentlage B., Collins A. G., Minemizu R., Hopcroft R. R., Miyake H., Hidaka-Umetsu M., Nishikawa J. 2017. The perils of online biogeographic databases: a case study with the ' monospecific' genus Aegina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Narcomedusae). Marine Biology Research 13 (5): 494 - 512." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Lindsay
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FC64FBDDFC3B7C42" box="[939,992,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="870385C85B580040FB85FBDCFBA47C42" box="[1098,1151,1098,1122]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Canary Islands, Lanzarote.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B580042FC8FFB0CFD327ED8" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="322" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FC8FFB0CFAD17D74" blockId="84.[832,1437,1178,2077]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FC8FFB0CFC697C92" bold="true" box="[832,946,1178,1202]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Haeckel’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="870385C85B580040FB8EFB0CFBAB7C92" box="[1089,1136,1178,1202]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of this species consisted in
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B580040FC1CFB2CFB517CF2" box="[979,1162,1210,1234]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
. Two of them had four tentacles and a size of
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FB88FB4DFB427CD2" box="[1095,1177,1243,1267]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, one had five tentacles and measured
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FC15FB6DFBF27D32" box="[986,1065,1275,1299]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
. He depicted a mature female with four tentacles. The statocyst numbers were given as two per manubrial hemi-pouch (
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FBA6FAAAFB1F7D74" box="[1129,1220,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="in" value="18.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="16.0">16-20 in</quantity>
|
||
total).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FC8FFACBFAA97E58" blockId="84.[832,1437,1178,2077]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FC8FFACBFC3E7D54" author="Kramp" box="[832,997,1372,1396]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref69760" refString="Kramp P. L. 1955 b. The medusae of the tropical west coast of Africa. Atlantide Report 3: 239 - 324, pls 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1955" yearSuffix="b">Kramp (1955b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FC38FACAFBF67D54" author="Kramp" box="[1015,1069,1372,1396]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) synonymized this species with the similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FC74FAEBFAC77DB5" authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[955,1308,1405,1429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="citrea">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FC74FAEBFB967DB4" box="[955,1101,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Aegina citrea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FB99FAEBFAC77DB5" author="Eschscholtz" box="[1110,1308,1405,1429]" firstAuthor="Eschscholtz" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" refId="ref67623" refString="Eschscholtz F. 1829. System der Acalephen. Eine ausfuhrliche Beschreibung aller medusenartigen Strahltiere. Ferdinand Dummler, Berlin, 190 pp., 16 pls." type="book" year="1829">Eschscholtz, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an opinion already pondered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FBD4FA08FB6B7D95" author="Mayer" box="[1051,1200,1437,1462]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This view was upheld until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FCB9FA2BFB8F7DF6" author="Lindsay" box="[886,1108,1469,1494]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lindsay" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="494 - 512" refId="ref70828" refString="Lindsay D. J., Grossmann M. M., Bentlage B., Collins A. G., Minemizu R., Hopcroft R. R., Miyake H., Hidaka-Umetsu M., Nishikawa J. 2017. The perils of online biogeographic databases: a case study with the ' monospecific' genus Aegina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Narcomedusae). Marine Biology Research 13 (5): 494 - 512." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Lindsay
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FC1DFA28FBDC7DF5" box="[978,1031,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FB62FA28FAE77DF5" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[1197,1340,1470,1493]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="citrea">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FB62FA28FAE77DF5" box="[1197,1340,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Aegina citrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and split it into several species and belonging to separate families, this based on morphological and genetic differences. The main morphological difference to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FB70F989FAD07E16" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[1215,1291,1567,1590]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FB70F989FAD07E16" box="[1215,1291,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Aegina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the shape of the tentacle root. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FB8FF9A9FB577E76" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[1088,1164,1599,1622]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Aegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FB8FF9A9FB577E76" box="[1088,1164,1599,1622]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Aegina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are curved towards aboral, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B580040FC64F9F6FBEE7E58" authorityName="Lindsay" authorityYear="2017" box="[939,1077,1632,1656]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pseudaeginidae" genus="Pseudaegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FC64F9F6FBEE7E58" box="[939,1077,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Pseudaegina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are curved towards oral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580040FC8FF916FB437F7A" blockId="84.[832,1437,1178,2077]" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
Our specimens with 5 tentacles matched the description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B580040FC92F936FBE67E99" author="Lindsay" box="[861,1085,1696,1721]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lindsay" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" pagination="494 - 512" refId="ref70828" refString="Lindsay D. J., Grossmann M. M., Bentlage B., Collins A. G., Minemizu R., Hopcroft R. R., Miyake H., Hidaka-Umetsu M., Nishikawa J. 2017. The perils of online biogeographic databases: a case study with the ' monospecific' genus Aegina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Narcomedusae). Marine Biology Research 13 (5): 494 - 512." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Lindsay
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B580040FC75F937FC2B7E98" box="[954,1008,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
very well as they came from the same region. There are, however, some differences to Haeckel’s description. Our specimens were smaller (up to
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B580040FC95F894FC7D7F3A" box="[858,934,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
) but all immature. The most obvious difference is the number of statocysts: Haeckel saw about 16-20, while we found regularly 60-68.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B580042FC8FF8F5FF377DD4" blockId="84.[832,1437,1178,2077]" lastBlockId="86.[151,757,1043,1784]" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="322" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">
|
||
The haplotype divergence in our sample was high (p-value up to 7.8%) and in the maximum likelihood tree the samples split into two sub-clades (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B580040FAC6F832FA817F9C" box="[1289,1370,1956,1980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="81.[149,184,1643,1664]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,255,1609]" captionTargetId="graphics-82@81.[152,1431,265,1591]" captionText="Fig. 48. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Narcomedusae obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). Sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Some proveniences were obtained from Lindsay et al. (2017) or through personal communications. Red ODEHOV DUH QHZ VHTXHQFHV IURP WKLV VWXG\. &RORXUHG ER[HV LQGLFDWH IDPLO\ DI¿OLDWLRQV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH FXUUHQWO\ XVHG V\VWHP. (") 'HQRWHV SRVVLEOH PLVLGHQWL¿FDWLRQV." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5646465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5646465/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="320">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). This separation coincided with two morphotypes: the four- and five-tentacled form (see above). Unfortunately, we could get only one sequence of the four-tentacled form and due to the low number of samples, this distribution could also be due to mere contingency. The four-tentacled medusae were all smaller than those with five tentacles and it is nevertheless the possible that our material was composed of two sister-species. Because the original material of Haeckel included both four- and five-tentacled forms, it is not possible to use the tentacle number in the diagnosis of a new species without the designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="870385C85B5A0042FD5DFB6EFD2F7D30" box="[658,756,1272,1296]" pageId="86" pageNumber="322" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(or a
|
||
<typeStatus id="870385C85B5A0042FF14FA8FFEF47D11" box="[219,303,1305,1329]" pageId="86" pageNumber="322" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
as Haeckel’s material is likely lost). A population-genetic study at the type locality combined with the designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="870385C85B5A0042FE53FACCFE2B7D52" box="[412,496,1370,1394]" pageId="86" pageNumber="322" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is thus needed to resolve this taxonomic problem. Because of these unresolved issues and because our samples were monophyletic, we felt it premature to describe one of the clades as a new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0CC76BE25B590041FF58F8CAFC68703F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="321" startId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" targetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" targetPageId="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B590041FF58F8CAFC68703F" blockId="85.[151,1437,1884,2079]" pageId="85" pageNumber="321">
|
||
Fig. 51.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B590041FF21F8CAFE667F51" authorityName="Yes" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[238,445,1884,1905]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pseudaeginidae" genus="Pseudaegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="85" pageNumber="321" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rhodina">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B590041FF21F8CAFE667F51" box="[238,445,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="321">Pseudaegina rhodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0CC76BE25B5A0042FF58FC0CFAB17BED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640082/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="322" startId="86.[151,186,922,944]" targetBox="[151,1435,253,880]" targetPageId="86">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B5A0042FF58FC0CFAB17BED" blockId="86.[151,1437,922,973]" pageId="86" pageNumber="322">
|
||
Fig. 52.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B5A0042FF21FC0CFE677B8F" authorityName="Yes" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[238,444,922,943]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pseudaeginidae" genus="Pseudaegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="86" pageNumber="322" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rhodina">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B5A0042FF21FC0CFE677B8F" box="[238,444,922,943]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="322">Pseudaegina rhodina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 4 tentacles. (A) BFLA4134, size 9 mm, animal has semi-digested prey items in its gastric system including the peripheral canal system rendering it thus much more visible. (B) BFLA4120, bell size 9 mm, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B5A0042FF58FA6AFD327ED8" blockId="86.[151,757,1043,1784]" pageId="86" pageNumber="322">
|
||
One particularity not mentioned in previous descriptions concerns the temporary folds of the mouth region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B5A0042FF50F9ABFF367E75" box="[159,237,1597,1621]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="322">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
D-F). One of the figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B5A0042FDDBF9ABFD2B7E76" author="Lindsay" box="[532,752,1597,1622]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lindsay" pageId="86" pageNumber="322" pagination="494 - 512" refId="ref70828" refString="Lindsay D. J., Grossmann M. M., Bentlage B., Collins A. G., Minemizu R., Hopcroft R. R., Miyake H., Hidaka-Umetsu M., Nishikawa J. 2017. The perils of online biogeographic databases: a case study with the ' monospecific' genus Aegina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Narcomedusae). Marine Biology Research 13 (5): 494 - 512." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Lindsay
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B5A0042FDBEF9A8FD7C7E75" box="[625,679,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12C) also shows this ruffling of the mouth margin. In one of our animals the mouth was even drawn out to a tube ending in a flower-like, folded mouth region. The folds disappeared after fixation. It is thus unlikely that they can ever be seen in standard net-plankton samples.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |