292 lines
40 KiB
XML
292 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B54004EFC88FA45FC2879BB" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pegantha polystriata Peter 2021, new comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="326" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="324" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>128</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>237</mods:start>
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<mods:end>356</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0049</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5639938</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710648" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5710648" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B54004EFC88FA45FC2879BB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B54004EFC88FA45FC2879BB" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">
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<subSubSection box="[839,1429,1491,1516]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[839,1429,1491,1548]" box="[839,1429,1491,1516]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">
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<heading bold="true" box="[839,1429,1491,1516]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,1429,1491,1516]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8RW67" ID-ENA="2805964" authority="(Xu & Zhang, 1978)" authorityName="Peter" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Xu & Zhang" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[839,1300,1491,1516]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Solmarisidae" genus="Pegantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polystriata" status="new comb.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,1067,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">Pegantha polystriata</emphasis>
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(Xu & Zhang, 1978)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1308,1429,1492,1516]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" rank="species">new comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1072,1195,1524,1548]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[839,1429,1491,1548]" box="[1072,1195,1524,1548]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">
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<figureCitation box="[1072,1147,1524,1548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-5@89.[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 54. Pegantha polystriata. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
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A-G
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[831,1435,1570,1592]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph blockId="88.[831,1435,1570,1592]" box="[831,1435,1570,1592]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[831,1435,1570,1592]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">
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<treatmentCitation author="Xu & Zhang" box="[831,1261,1570,1592]" page="50" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" year="1978">
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<taxonomicName authority="Xu & Zhang, 1978: 50" authorityName="Xu & Zhang" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="1978" box="[831,1261,1570,1592]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Otoporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polystriata">
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<emphasis box="[831,1035,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">Otoporpa polystriata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="XuZ. Z. & ZhangJ. B." box="[1041,1261,1570,1592]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science)" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" pagination="19 - 64" part="4" refId="ref76810" refString="XuZ. Z., ZhangJ. B. 1978. OntheHydromedusae, Siphonophores and Scyphomedusae from the coast of the east Guangdong province and south Fujian province, China. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science) 4: 19 - 64. [in Chinese]" title="OntheHydromedusae, Siphonophores and Scyphomedusae from the coast of the east Guangdong province and south Fujian province, China" type="journal article" year="1978">Xu & Zhang, 1978: 50</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 12 figs 65-67.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="324" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[831,1437,1616,1867]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,1065,1616,1640]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">Examined material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574302" accessionNumber="MW528728" collectingDate="2020-06-08" collectionCode="MW" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" specimenCode="BFL4450" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode box="[1076,1183,1616,1640]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">BFL4450</specimenCode>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[1197,1327,1616,1640]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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<date pageId="88" pageNumber="324" value="2020-06-08">
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<collectingDate pageId="88" pageNumber="324" value="2020-06-08">08-JUN- 2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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; size
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<quantity box="[971,1048,1648,1672]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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<accessionNumber box="[1152,1286,1681,1705]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528728" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">MW528728</accessionNumber>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574325" collectingDate="2020-09-02" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" specimenCount="1">
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–
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<date pageId="88" pageNumber="324" value="2020-09-02">
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<collectingDate pageId="88" pageNumber="324" value="2020-09-02">02-SEP- 2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[903,1028,1713,1737]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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photographed, not collected,
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<quantity box="[1364,1433,1713,1737]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574396" collectingDate="2020-03-21" collectingDateMax="2020-09-15" collectingDateMin="2020-03-21" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" specimenCount="1">
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– Photos of
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<specimenCount box="[974,1138,1746,1770]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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kindly provided by Linda Ianniello, taken
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<date box="[1005,1163,1778,1802]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" value="2020-03-21">
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<collectingDate box="[1005,1163,1778,1802]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" value="2020-03-21">21-MAR-2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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and
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<date box="[1216,1359,1778,1802]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" value="2020-09-15">
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<collectingDate box="[1216,1359,1778,1802]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" value="2020-09-15">15-SEP-2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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during the same series of dives as for the other medusae of this study.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[831,1437,1890,2077]" lastBlockId="90.[151,756,257,865]" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,995,1890,1914]" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">Observations:</emphasis>
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Bell diameter
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<quantity box="[1202,1282,1891,1915]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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, solid jelly, thickened aborally, margin subdivided in 8 to 9 U-shaped lappets (
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<figureCitation box="[1043,1182,1956,1980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-5@89.[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 54. Pegantha polystriata. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">Fig. 54A, E</figureCitation>
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), at margin of lappets 3 to 5 statocysts from which originate otoporpae (tracks of thickened epidermis with nematocysts,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-5@89.[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 54. Pegantha polystriata. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">Fig. 54B, G</figureCitation>
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) that extend almost to bell apex (
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<figureCitation box="[1319,1424,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-5@89.[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 54. Pegantha polystriata. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="324">Fig. 54B</figureCitation>
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), otoporpae sometimes irregular, branching, or not straight. Exumbrella apart of the nematocyst tracks smooth, without radiating keels or furrows. Velum broad (
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<figureCitation box="[159,263,354,379]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-5@89.[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 54. Pegantha polystriata. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Fig. 54A</figureCitation>
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). Stomach large, circular; near its periphery and positioned interradially 8 to 9 diverticula for the gonads (
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<figureCitation box="[248,332,419,443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-5@89.[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 54. Pegantha polystriata. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
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A-F), originating from stomach floor, in younger animals shallow, in older ones hanging into subumbrella (
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<figureCitation box="[311,420,484,508]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-5@89.[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 54. Pegantha polystriata. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Fig. 54E</figureCitation>
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); diverticula with thickened walls, dense tissue, sometimes yellow-green tint. Lappets of bell margin apparently with broad peripheral canal, difficult to see and observed only in one animal (
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<figureCitation box="[159,268,614,638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-5@89.[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 54. Pegantha polystriata. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Fig. 54E</figureCitation>
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). Eight or nine thick, tapering tentacles originating in about middle of bell height in the bays between adjacent lappets (peronia), tentacles continued at right angles into the jelly as a pointed tentacle-root, tentacles held mostly in oral direction. Statocysts pendant, club shaped, with 2 to 5, usually 3, statoliths in a row, these increasing in size distally. Exumbrellar nematocysts: spherical isorhizas, ca. 10
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<emphasis box="[578,613,842,865]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">µm</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[628,728,841,865]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-5@89.[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 54. Pegantha polystriata. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Fig. 54G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="325" startId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" targetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" targetPageId="89">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="89.[151,1437,1784,1979]" pageId="89" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Fig. 54.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peter" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Xu & Zhang" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[238,441,1784,1805]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Solmarisidae" genus="Pegantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="89" pageNumber="325" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polystriata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,441,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="325">Pegantha polystriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="90" pageNumber="326" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="90.[151,756,888,1010]" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,888,912]" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">16S data:</emphasis>
|
||
The single sequence obtained clustered in a clade comprising other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[439,542,921,945]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Solmarisidae" genus="Pegantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[439,542,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Pegantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[677,756,921,944]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cuninidae" genus="Cunina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[677,756,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Cunina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[199,427,953,977]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pseudaeginidae" genus="Pseudaegina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,337,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Pseudaegina</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but without resolved internal relationships (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[302,382,986,1010]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="81.[149,184,1643,1664]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,255,1609]" captionTargetId="graphics-82@81.[152,1431,265,1591]" captionText="Fig. 48. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Narcomedusae obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). Sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Some proveniences were obtained from Lindsay et al. (2017) or through personal communications. Red ODEHOV DUH QHZ VHTXHQFHV IURP WKLV VWXG\. &RORXUHG ER[HV LQGLFDWH IDPLO\ DI¿OLDWLRQV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH FXUUHQWO\ XVHG V\VWHP. (") 'HQRWHV SRVVLEOH PLVLGHQWL¿FDWLRQV." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5646465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5646465/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="90" pageNumber="326" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="90.[151,756,1033,1122]" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,300,1033,1057]" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[375,439,1033,1057]" name="China" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[498,576,1033,1057]" name="Taiwan" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Xu" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" pagination="495 - 945" refId="ref76917" refString="Xu Z. Z., Huang J. Q., Lin M., Guo D. H., Wang C. G. 2014. The superclass Hydrozoa of the Phylum Cnidaria in China. Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 456, vol. 2, pp. 495 - 945, China Ocean Press, Bejing. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis box="[696,743,1033,1057]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Florida (this study).
|
||
<typeStatus box="[454,507,1066,1090]" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Southern end of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[180,258,1098,1122]" name="Taiwan" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[335,415,1098,1122]" degrees="22.5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" precision="5555" value="22.5">22.5°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[425,515,1098,1122]" degrees="118.5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" precision="5555" value="118.5">118.5°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="90" pageNumber="326" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="90.[151,756,1145,2077]" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,1146,1170]" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Our medusae, especially the younger ones (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,247,1178,1202]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-5@89.[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 54. Pegantha polystriata. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
C-D), appear indistinguishable from figures of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu & Zhang" authorityYear="1978" box="[184,416,1210,1234]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Otoporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polystriata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,416,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Otoporpa polystriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given in Xu & Zhang (1978) and we are convinced that they are the same, despite this species is so far only known from the South
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[692,756,1275,1299]" name="China" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea. However, we think that this species was not classified in the correct family. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Xu & Zhang, 1978" authorityName="Xu & Zhang" authorityYear="1978" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Otoporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[651,755,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Otoporpa</emphasis>
|
||
Xu & Zhang, 1978
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally placed in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,262,1405,1429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aeginidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[287,347,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[364,616,1405,1429]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 591" refId="ref66127" refString="Bouillon J., Gravili C., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Mus e um National d'Histoire Naturelle 194: 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis box="[474,538,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) because it had apparently interradial manubrial pouches. The pouches of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu & Zhang" authorityYear="1978" box="[278,382,1470,1493]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Otoporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[278,382,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Otoporpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are atypical for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[561,671,1470,1494]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aeginidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as they are rather shallow and most importantly they are not sub-divided by a medium septum (see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[601,744,1534,1559]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="85.[151,186,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-5@85.[197,1390,257,1827]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Fig. 51. Pseudaegina rhodina with 5 tentacles. (A-C) BFLA4015, size 18 mm. (D) BFLA4047, size 16 mm. (E-F) BFLA4067, size 20 mm. (G) BFLA4322, size 15 mm. (A) Lateral view. (B) Higher magnification of tentacle root (rte, arrow), note inflection towards below (= oral). (C) Details of bell margin. (D) Aboral view, note the (temporary) folding of mouth margin. (E-F) Medusa which has recently fed and its stomach is full of prey. Note the particular, most likely transitory, formation of a mouth tube and folded mouth margin, shown at higher magnification in F. (G). Lateral view. Abbreviations: man – manubrium/ stomach covering conical jelly cone, mmp – distal margin of manubrial pouch, pca – peripheral canal, per – peronium, rte – tentacle root, smp – septum in middle of manubrial pouch, sta – statocyst." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640080/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Fig. 51C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Likewise unusual for genera of the former
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[646,756,1567,1591]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aeginidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,220,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[230,467,1599,1623]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 591" refId="ref66127" refString="Bouillon J., Gravili C., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Mus e um National d'Histoire Naturelle 194: 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis box="[334,392,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu & Zhang" authorityYear="1978" box="[488,592,1600,1623]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aeginidae" genus="Otoporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[488,592,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Otoporpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has otoporpae (thickenings clasping the bell margin and usually continued as nematocyst tracks on the exumbrella, comp.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[233,324,1696,1720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="83.[151,186,1159,1181]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1112]" captionTargetId="figure-270@83.[151,1435,257,1112]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Fig. 50. Cunina octonaria, diameter 7 mm. (A) Aboral view of whole animal, with a crustacean on exumbrella. (B) Lateral view. (C) Close up of bell margin, note otoporpae and root of tentacle in middle, the velum is hanging downwards. (D) Oblique view from oral side. The bright spots below the otoporpae are the statocysts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640078/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Figs 50</figureCitation>
|
||
C-D, 53B, D). We think that Xu & Zhang (1978) misinterpreted the developing gonad diverticula typical of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[504,606,1761,1785]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Solmarisidae" genus="Pegantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[504,606,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Pegantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as manubrial pouches. This is understandable as younger stages of these diverticula resemble indeed interradial manubrial pouches (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[253,330,1858,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[151,186,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-5@89.[151,1431,257,1734]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 54. Pegantha polystriata. (A-D) BFLA4450, bell diameter 5 mm. (A) Oblique view from oral side, the blue arrow points to a statocyst, the yellow one to the velum, the red one to the outer margin of the stomach. (B) Oblique view on bell top, arrow indicates otoporpae reaching almost to top of bell. (C-D) Lateral views, the arrow indicates the outer margin of the stomach. (E-F) Photos taken by Linda Ianniello, reproduced with the kind permission of the author. (E) Animal observed 21-Mar-2020 with nine tentacles, yellow arrow indicates peripheral canals, red arrow a gonad diverticulum hanging into subumbrella. (F) Animal observed 15-SEP-2020, the gonad diverticula appear like manubrial pocket. (G) BFLA4450, alcohol preserved, isorhiza nematocysts from exumbrellar otoporpae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640088/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
C-D, F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="90.[151,756,1145,2077]" lastBlockId="90.[832,1437,257,412]" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">
|
||
It is possible that some of the Brazilian specimens described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tosetto" box="[300,528,1923,1948]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tosetto" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" pagination="20185849" refId="ref75496" refString="Tosetto E., Leitao S., Nogueira jun. M. 2018. New records of Pegantha spp. (Hydrozoa: Narcomedusae) off Northern Brazil. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 58: e 20185849. DOI: 10.11606 / 1807 - 0205 / 2018.58.49" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Tosetto
|
||
<emphasis box="[389,447,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Solmarisidae" genus="Pegantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="triloba">
|
||
<emphasis box="[571,756,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">Pegantha triloba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[151,309,1956,1980]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to the present species. Tosetto’s material lacked the diagnostic radial exumbrellar keels and furrows as shown in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bigelow" box="[443,618,2021,2045]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 243" refId="ref64854" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1909. The Medusae. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Albatross " from October, 1904, to March, 1905. XVI. Memoirs of the Museum of comparative Zoology at Harvard College 37: 1 - 243, pls 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1909">Bigelow (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it had 8 to 9 lappets and tentacles instead of 12 to 16 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[674,900,257,2077]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the otoporpae continued as nematocyst tracks to almost the top of the umbrella. The otoporpae in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[859,959,322,346]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Solmarisidae" genus="Pegantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="triloba">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,959,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">P. triloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually much shorter, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[1284,1436,322,346]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref69791" refString="Kramp P. L. 1957. Hydromedusae from the Discovery collections. Discovery Reports 29: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1957">Kramp (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found also very long ones like in the present species in young
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[905,1004,388,412]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Solmarisidae" genus="Pegantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="90" pageNumber="326" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="triloba">
|
||
<emphasis box="[905,1004,388,412]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="326">P. triloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |