387 lines
39 KiB
XML
387 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B4F0051FC41FDF1FA8D7919" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Aequorea taiwanensis Zheng 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="305" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="303" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>128</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>237</mods:start>
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<mods:end>356</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0049</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5639938</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710633" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5710633" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B4F0051FC41FDF1FA8D7919" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B4F0051FC41FDF1FA8D7919" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
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<paragraph blockId="67.[910,1358,615,672]" box="[910,1358,615,639]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
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<heading bold="true" box="[910,1358,615,639]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="64Z6H" ID-ENA="456445" authority="Zheng et al., 2009" authorityName="Zheng" authorityYear="2009" box="[910,1358,615,639]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[910,1358,615,639]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[910,1152,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Aequorea taiwanensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Zheng" box="[1159,1358,615,639]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zheng" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" pagination="109 - 115" refId="ref77113" refString="Zheng L., Lin Y., Li S., Cao W., Xu Z., Huang J. 2009. Aequorea taiwanensis n. sp. (Hydrozoa, Leptomedusae) and mtCOI sequence analysis for the genus Aequorea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 28: 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Zheng
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1238,1291,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1072,1195,648,672]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="67.[910,1358,615,672]" box="[1072,1195,648,672]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
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<figureCitation box="[1072,1146,648,672]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="68.[151,186,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-8@68.[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 41. Aequorea taiwanensis. (A-B) BFLA4308, size 31 mm. (C) BFLA4308, bell margin. (D) BFLA4332, bell margin. (E) BFLA4308, bell margin after preservation. (F) BFLA4332, bell margin after preservation. (G) Bell margin of animal photographed 07-FEB-2020, size 30 mm; the green dots flanking the bulbs are likely due to interference effects and not a pigment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640052/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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A-G
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph blockId="67.[831,1436,694,745]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Zheng L. & Lin Y. & Li S. & Cao W. & Xu Z. & Huang J." box="[831,1281,694,716]" page="110" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" year="2009">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="64Z6H" authority="Zheng et al., 2009: 110" authorityName="Zheng" authorityPageNumber="110" authorityYear="2009" box="[831,1281,694,716]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
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<emphasis box="[831,1044,694,716]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Aequorea taiwanensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Zheng" box="[1052,1281,694,716]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zheng" page="110" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" pagination="109 - 115" refId="ref77113" refString="Zheng L., Lin Y., Li S., Cao W., Xu Z., Huang J. 2009. Aequorea taiwanensis n. sp. (Hydrozoa, Leptomedusae) and mtCOI sequence analysis for the genus Aequorea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 28: 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Zheng
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<emphasis box="[1120,1170,694,716]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2009: 110
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 1. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Zheng L. & He J. & Lin Y. & Cao W. & Zhang W." page="63" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" year="2014">
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<bibRefCitation author="Zheng" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zheng" page="63" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" pagination="55 - 76" refId="ref77167" refString="Zheng L., He J., Lin Y., Cao W., Zhang W. 2014. 16 S rRNA is a better choice than COI for DNA barcoding hydrozoans in the coastal waters of China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 33: 55 - 76." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Zheng
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<emphasis box="[907,949,723,745]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">et al</emphasis>
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., 2014:
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<geoCoordinate box="[1028,1054,723,745]" degrees="63, 16" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" precision="555" value="-63.16">63</geoCoordinate>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 16S ML tree.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="67.[831,1437,769,1509]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,1057,769,793]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574368" accessionNumber="MW528674" collectingDate="2019-05-27" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" specimenCode="BFLA4105" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode box="[1063,1188,769,793]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">BFLA4105</specimenCode>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[1199,1324,769,793]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
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<date pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2019-05-27">
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<collectingDate pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2019-05-27">27-MAY- 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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; size
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<quantity box="[953,1034,802,826]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
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, beginning gonad development; part preserved in formalin and deposited as UF-013793, part preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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<accessionNumber box="[831,964,899,923]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528674" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">MW528674</accessionNumber>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574515" accessionNumber="MW528685" collectingDate="2019-08-09" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" specimenCode="BFLA4173, UF-013820" specimenCount="1">
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–
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<specimenCode box="[997,1122,899,923]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">BFLA4173</specimenCode>
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;
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||
<specimenCount box="[1135,1261,899,923]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
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||
<date box="[1273,1432,899,923]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2019-08-09">
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||
<collectingDate box="[1273,1432,899,923]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2019-08-09">09-AUG-2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
; size
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||
<quantity box="[884,967,932,956]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
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||
; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
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||
<specimenCode box="[870,997,964,988]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">UF-013820</specimenCode>
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, part preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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||
<accessionNumber box="[1115,1247,997,1021]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528685" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">MW528685</accessionNumber>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574437" accessionNumber="MW528705" collectingDate="2020-01-16" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" specimenCode="BFLA4308, UF-013846" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1284,1409,997,1021]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">BFLA4308</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
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||
<date box="[952,1103,1029,1053]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2020-01-16">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[952,1103,1029,1053]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2020-01-16">16-JAN-2020</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1172,1254,1030,1054]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
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, gonads visible; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1307,1432,1062,1086]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">UF-013846</specimenCode>
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, part preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[951,1086,1127,1151]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528705" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">MW528705</accessionNumber>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574313" accessionNumber="MW528705" collectingDate="2020-01-31" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" specimenCode="BFLA4332, UF-013890" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
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||
<specimenCode box="[1142,1269,1127,1151]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">BFLA4332</specimenCode>
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||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1293,1432,1127,1151]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
|
||
<date box="[831,985,1160,1184]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2020-01-31">
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||
<collectingDate box="[831,985,1160,1184]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2020-01-31">31-JAN-2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1074,1168,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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, gonads visible; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
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<specimenCode box="[1257,1383,1192,1216]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">UF-013890</specimenCode>
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, part preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[946,1081,1257,1281]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528705" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">MW528705</accessionNumber>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574361" accessionNumber="MW528705" collectingDate="2020-05-28" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" specimenCode="BFLA4425, UF-014051" specimenCount="1">
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–
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<specimenCode box="[1139,1266,1257,1281]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">BFLA4425</specimenCode>
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||
;
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||
<specimenCount box="[1291,1432,1257,1281]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[831,992,1290,1314]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2020-05-28">
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||
<collectingDate box="[831,992,1290,1314]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2020-05-28">28-MAY-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1080,1172,1290,1314]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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||
, gonads visible; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1257,1383,1322,1346]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">UF-014051</specimenCode>
|
||
, part preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[944,1079,1387,1411]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528705" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">MW528705</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574417" collectingDate="2020-02-07" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1133,1268,1387,1411]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
photographed
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||
<date box="[831,981,1420,1444]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2020-02-07">
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||
<collectingDate box="[831,981,1420,1444]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2020-02-07">07-FEB-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, not collected; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1191,1269,1420,1444]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="67.[831,1437,769,1509]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">The formalin samples are mostly strongly fragmented and damaged.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="67.[831,1437,1532,2077]" lastBlockId="69.[151,756,257,346]" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,993,1532,1556]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Observations:</emphasis>
|
||
Subadult
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[1113,1216,1533,1556]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1113,1216,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Aequorea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
medusae with bell diameters
|
||
<quantity box="[948,1103,1565,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30 to 50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, gonad development starts at about
|
||
<quantity box="[905,989,1598,1622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
size. Bell relatively high, apical jelly about 1/2 of bell height. Stomach wide, 7/10 of bell diameter. Mouth rim with numerous, long, thin fimbriae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[839,942,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="68.[151,186,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-8@68.[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 41. Aequorea taiwanensis. (A-B) BFLA4308, size 31 mm. (C) BFLA4308, bell margin. (D) BFLA4332, bell margin. (E) BFLA4308, bell margin after preservation. (F) BFLA4332, bell margin after preservation. (G) Bell margin of animal photographed 07-FEB-2020, size 30 mm; the green dots flanking the bulbs are likely due to interference effects and not a pigment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640052/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
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). Radial canals thin, 100 to 240, often also with 15 to 100 developing centrifugal canals. 14 to 25 fully developed tentacles, between pairs of tentacles 3-5 small bulbs without tentacles. Ratio of radial canals to tentacles 7.5 to 10, thus always many more radial canals than tentacles. Tentacles in life either with a distinct conical basal bulb with a slight depression of upper side (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[893,993,1923,1947]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="68.[151,186,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-8@68.[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 41. Aequorea taiwanensis. (A-B) BFLA4308, size 31 mm. (C) BFLA4308, bell margin. (D) BFLA4332, bell margin. (E) BFLA4308, bell margin after preservation. (F) BFLA4332, bell margin after preservation. (G) Bell margin of animal photographed 07-FEB-2020, size 30 mm; the green dots flanking the bulbs are likely due to interference effects and not a pigment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640052/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 41D</figureCitation>
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) or widened laterally to give a T-shape (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[840,987,1955,1980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="68.[151,186,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-8@68.[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 41. Aequorea taiwanensis. (A-B) BFLA4308, size 31 mm. (C) BFLA4308, bell margin. (D) BFLA4332, bell margin. (E) BFLA4308, bell margin after preservation. (F) BFLA4332, bell margin after preservation. (G) Bell margin of animal photographed 07-FEB-2020, size 30 mm; the green dots flanking the bulbs are likely due to interference effects and not a pigment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640052/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 41C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abaxial spurs absent. Small, abaxial excretory papillae can be present, only seen in preserved material. Tentacle bases in preserved material usually also with lateral expansions (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1144,1239,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="68.[151,186,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-8@68.[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 41. Aequorea taiwanensis. (A-B) BFLA4308, size 31 mm. (C) BFLA4308, bell margin. (D) BFLA4332, bell margin. (E) BFLA4308, bell margin after preservation. (F) BFLA4332, bell margin after preservation. (G) Bell margin of animal photographed 07-FEB-2020, size 30 mm; the green dots flanking the bulbs are likely due to interference effects and not a pigment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640052/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 41F</figureCitation>
|
||
), but some simply conical (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[251,355,257,281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="68.[151,186,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-8@68.[172,1416,257,1931]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 41. Aequorea taiwanensis. (A-B) BFLA4308, size 31 mm. (C) BFLA4308, bell margin. (D) BFLA4332, bell margin. (E) BFLA4308, bell margin after preservation. (F) BFLA4332, bell margin after preservation. (G) Bell margin of animal photographed 07-FEB-2020, size 30 mm; the green dots flanking the bulbs are likely due to interference effects and not a pigment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640052/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Fig. 41E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Statocysts about as numerous as radial canals but not in phase with them, two statoliths per statocyst.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640052/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="304" startId="68.[151,186,1969,1991]" targetBox="[172,1416,257,1931]" targetPageId="68">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="68.[151,1437,1969,2078]" pageId="68" pageNumber="304">
|
||
Fig. 41.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[238,454,1970,1991]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="68" pageNumber="304" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,454,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="304">Aequorea taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A-B) BFLA4308, size 31 mm. (C) BFLA4308, bell margin. (D) BFLA4332, bell margin. (E) BFLA4308, bell margin after preservation. (F) BFLA4332, bell margin after preservation. (G) Bell margin of animal photographed 07-FEB-2020, size 30 mm; the green dots flanking the bulbs are likely due to interference effects and not a pigment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="305" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="69.[151,756,368,520]" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,259,368,393]" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">16S data:</emphasis>
|
||
The three haplotypes had a range of base pair divergences of 0.2 to 0.5 % (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[483,568,400,425]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The maximum likelihood tree of the partial 16S sequences (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[665,748,432,457]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,186,1856,1878]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@62.[13,1261,360,1585]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 37. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the genus Aequorea and related genera obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) using about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). Sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study, for the taxa in bold either a voucher specimen or photos of it have been examined. Notes: *1) Unpublished, L. Leclère, pers. comm. *2) See Material & Methods. *3) Could be a misidentification. *4) Unpublished, A. Hosia & L. Martell, pers. comm., see Fig. 39A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710582/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
) identified them as very closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[599,756,465,488]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[599,756,465,488]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">A. taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p-distances 0.2-0.64%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="305" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="69.[151,756,543,600]" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,301,543,567]" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[311,390,544,568]" name="Taiwan" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
strait, Florida (this study).
|
||
<typeStatus box="[703,756,544,568]" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[245,323,576,600]" name="Taiwan" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="305" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="69.[151,757,623,2055]" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,264,623,647]" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
This material resembles very much
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Haeckel, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Aequorea pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[254,422,655,679]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only the lateral expansions of the bulbs are shorter and sometimes absent in preserved material, and small excretory papillae can be present. Our identification of the present material as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,308,783,806]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,308,783,806]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">A. taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based on the strong similarity of the 16S sequences (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[336,424,815,839]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The haplotype divergences to the published sequences from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[539,618,847,871]" name="Taiwan" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait were only 0.2 to 0.64%, while within the Florida population we found a maximal value of 0.5%, thus intra- and interpopulation divergences are in the same range. In the ML tree (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[294,373,975,999]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,186,1856,1878]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@62.[13,1261,360,1585]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 37. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the genus Aequorea and related genera obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) using about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). Sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study, for the taxa in bold either a voucher specimen or photos of it have been examined. Notes: *1) Unpublished, L. Leclère, pers. comm. *2) See Material & Methods. *3) Could be a misidentification. *4) Unpublished, A. Hosia & L. Martell, pers. comm., see Fig. 39A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710582/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
) the distance of the two population appears higher than the values obtained by pairwise comparisons. This is due to the fact that another substitution model was used for the distance calculation and more importantly, the sequences from the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[677,755,1103,1127]" name="Taiwan" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait specimens were 112 bases shorter at the 3’ end, leading to a bias in the ML analysis. While the similarity of our sequences with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[516,675,1199,1222]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[516,675,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">A. taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
almost certainly implies that our material is conspecific, it must be noted that so far no
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[400,591,1263,1287]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[400,591,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Aequorea pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
16S sequences are available. It might turn out that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[590,755,1295,1318]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[590,755,1295,1318]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">A. taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in fact a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[436,633,1327,1351]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[436,633,1327,1351]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Aequorea pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Aequorea taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
according to the description in Zehng
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009), resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[385,496,1391,1415]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[385,496,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">A. pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but lacks the diagnostic long lateral expansions of the tentacle base and it has excretory papillae (comp.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Browne" box="[445,604,1455,1479]" firstAuthor="Browne" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" pagination="722 - 749" refId="ref66602" refString="Browne E. T. 1905. Hydromedusae with a revision of the Williadae and Petasidae. Fauna and geography Maldives and Laccadives Archipelagoes 2 (3): 722 - 749, pls 54 - 57." type="journal article" year="1905">Browne, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maas" box="[619,752,1455,1479]" firstAuthor="Maas" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref71059" refString="Maas O. 1905. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie. Siboga Expeditie 10: 1 - 84, pls 1 - 14. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11301" type="journal article" year="1905">Maas, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[151,304,1487,1511]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref69950" refString="Kramp P. L. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report 72: 1 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1968">Kramp, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Fig. 268). In our material, the lateral expansions were present, but also not as wide as usually shown for
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[269,382,1551,1575]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[269,382,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">A. pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our material is thus intermediate between
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[249,363,1583,1607]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[249,363,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">A. pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[420,579,1583,1606]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[420,579,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">A. taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimens of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng" box="[181,389,1615,1639]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zheng" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" pagination="109 - 115" refId="ref77113" refString="Zheng L., Lin Y., Li S., Cao W., Xu Z., Huang J. 2009. Aequorea taiwanensis n. sp. (Hydrozoa, Leptomedusae) and mtCOI sequence analysis for the genus Aequorea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 28: 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Zheng
|
||
<emphasis box="[257,311,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
measured only
|
||
<quantity box="[562,640,1615,1639]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, were thus likely younger than ours, which reached up to
|
||
<quantity box="[678,757,1647,1671]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter. Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[348,546,1679,1703]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[348,546,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Aequorea pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reach
|
||
<quantity box="[629,723,1679,1703]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[259,404,1711,1735]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref69950" refString="Kramp P. L. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report 72: 1 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1968">Kramp, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="69.[151,757,623,2055]" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">
|
||
The Atlantic occurrence of a rare
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[501,604,1743,1766]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[501,604,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Aequorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
medusa of the Western Pacific Ocean is surprising, but not unparalleled.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pruski & Miglietta" box="[151,457,1807,1831]" firstAuthor="Pruski" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" pagination="7848" refId="ref73569" refString="Pruski S., Miglietta M. P. 2019. Fluctuation and diversity of Hydromedusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) in a highly productive region of the Gulf of Mexico inferred from high frequency plankton sampling. PeerJ 7: e 7848. DOI: 10.7717 / peerj. 7848" type="journal article" year="2019">Pruski & Miglietta (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently found
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Uchida" authorityYear="1947" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Aequorea australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[321,370,1839,1863]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Gulf</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[407,491,1839,1863]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, a species formerly only known from the Indo-Pacific Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640056/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" startId="69.[831,866,1860,1882]" targetBox="[831,1436,1346,1812]" targetPageId="69">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="69.[831,1436,1860,1911]" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">
|
||
Fig. 42.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[918,1087,1860,1881]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[918,1010,1860,1881]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Aequorea</emphasis>
|
||
spec. 2
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A-B) BFLA4313, size 7 mm, oral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="69.[151,757,623,2055]" lastBlockId="69.[831,1437,257,313]" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">
|
||
The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[322,475,1903,1926]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[322,475,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">A. taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Atlantic Ocean must not be interpreted as a possible recent introduction. While we found three different haplotypes, the four samples from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[217,295,1999,2023]" name="Taiwan" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng" box="[389,611,1999,2023]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zheng" pageId="69" pageNumber="305" pagination="55 - 76" refId="ref77167" refString="Zheng L., He J., Lin Y., Cao W., Zhang W. 2014. 16 S rRNA is a better choice than COI for DNA barcoding hydrozoans in the coastal waters of China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 33: 55 - 76." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Zheng
|
||
<emphasis box="[474,529,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="305">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) represented only a single one. The higher haplotype diversity in the Altantic argues against a recent introduction from the Pacific. The species has likely a wide distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |