treatments-xml/data/D0/11/8A/D0118A7C5B4D0057FEA8F8E2FADD7A3E.xml
2024-06-21 12:52:32 +02:00

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<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter &amp; Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B4D0057FEA8F8E2FADD7A3E" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Aequorea undefined-1" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="303" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="301" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Muséum dhistoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>128</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>237</mods:start>
<mods:end>356</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0049</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5639938</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719217" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719217" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B4D0057FEA8F8E2FADD7A3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B4D0057FEA8F8E2FADD7A3E" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">
<subSubSection box="[359,548,1908,1933]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="65.[359,548,1908,1965]" box="[359,548,1908,1933]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">
<heading bold="true" box="[359,548,1908,1933]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" reason="2">
<taxonomicName box="[359,548,1908,1933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[359,548,1908,1933]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[359,466,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Aequorea</emphasis>
spec. 1
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[392,515,1941,1965]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="65.[359,548,1908,1965]" box="[392,515,1941,1965]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">
<figureCitation box="[392,467,1941,1965]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="66.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-7@66.[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 40. Aequorea spec. 1. (A-B) BFLA4163, size&gt; 10 mm. (C) BFLA4163, manubrium. (D) BFLA3814, close up of bell margin. (E) BFLA4163, close up of bell margin. (F) BFLA3814, size 12 mm. (G) BFLA3788, size not recorded. (H) BFLA4002, size 17 mm. (I) BFLA4002, bell margin from oral side, arrow points to excretory papilla. (J) BFLA3781, size 9 mm. (K) BFLA4476, size 5 mm, youngest observed stage with 6 complete radial canals, a large prey item is in the stomach." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640050/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
A-K
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="65.[151,756,1988,2077]" lastBlockId="67.[151,756,257,379]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,378,1988,2012]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574311" accessionNumber="MW528631" collectingDate="2018-09-18" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="BFLA3781" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[387,512,1988,2012]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">BFLA3781</specimenCode>
;
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;
<date pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-09-18">
<collectingDate pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-09-18">18-SEP- 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; size
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, gonads developing; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574511" accessionNumber="MW528637" collectingDate="2018-09-24" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="BFLA3788" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1002,1127,257,281]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">BFLA3788</specimenCode>
;
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;
<date box="[1284,1432,257,281]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-09-24">
<collectingDate box="[1284,1432,257,281]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-09-24">24-SEP-2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; no size data, no gonads; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
<accessionNumber box="[1129,1262,321,345]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528637" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">MW528637</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574306" accessionNumber="MW528631" collectingDate="2018-09-24" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="BFLA3790" specimenCount="1">
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;
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;
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<collectingDate box="[998,1149,354,378]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-09-24">24-SEP-2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; no size data, gonads developing; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574324" accessionNumber="MW528631" collectingDate="2018-10-13" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="BFLA3796" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1306,1432,418,442]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">BFLA3796</specimenCode>
;
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;
<date box="[985,1139,450,474]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-10-13">
<collectingDate box="[985,1139,450,474]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-10-13">13-OCT-2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; size
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, no gonads; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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.
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;
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</date>
; size
<quantity box="[1058,1142,546,570]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, no gonads; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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.
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;
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;
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<collectingDate pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-10-20">20-OCT- 2018</collectingDate>
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; size
<quantity box="[962,1047,642,666]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
, gonads developing; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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</date>
; size
<quantity box="[883,963,738,762]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, no gonads; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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.
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;
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;
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<collectingDate box="[1123,1276,802,826]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-10-20">20-OCT-2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; size
<quantity box="[1348,1432,802,826]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
, no gonads; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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.
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;
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;
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; size
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, no gonads; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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;
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;
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<collectingDate box="[831,990,994,1018]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-11-15">15-NOV-2018</collectingDate>
</date>
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<quantity box="[1065,1137,995,1018]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
, no gonads; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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<collectingDate box="[1132,1288,1059,1083]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-11-20">20-NOV-2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; size
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, gonads developing; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
<accessionNumber box="[1129,1262,1123,1147]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528631" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">MW528631</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
.
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;
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;
<date box="[996,1155,1155,1179]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-11-20">
<collectingDate box="[996,1155,1155,1179]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2018-11-20">20-NOV-2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; size
<quantity box="[1243,1335,1155,1179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
, gonads developing; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574379" accessionNumber="MW528681" collectingDate="2019-08-06" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="BFLA4163" specimenCount="1">
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;
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</date>
; fragments 4 and
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, gonads developing; part preserved in formalin and deposited as FU-013813, part preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574384" accessionNumber="MW528682" collectingDate="2019-08-06" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="BFLA4164, FU-013814" specimenCount="1">
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;
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<date box="[1126,1287,1379,1403]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2019-08-06">
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</date>
; size
<quantity box="[1360,1432,1379,1403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
, no gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
<specimenCode box="[870,997,1443,1467]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">FU-013814</specimenCode>
, part preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574395" accessionNumber="MW528638" collectingDate="2019-08-06" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="BFLA4167, FU-013815" specimenCount="1">
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;
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;
<date box="[951,1111,1507,1531]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2019-08-06">
<collectingDate box="[951,1111,1507,1531]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2019-08-06">06-AUG-2019</collectingDate>
</date>
; size
<quantity box="[1179,1247,1507,1531]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
, no gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
<specimenCode box="[1257,1383,1539,1563]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">FU-013815</specimenCode>
, part preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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.
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<specimenCode box="[1154,1280,1603,1627]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">BFLA4168</specimenCode>
;
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;
<date box="[831,990,1636,1660]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2019-08-06">
<collectingDate box="[831,990,1636,1660]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2019-08-06">06-AUG-2019</collectingDate>
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, no gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
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, part preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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.
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<specimenCode box="[997,1122,1732,1756]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">BFLA4205</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCount box="[1135,1261,1732,1756]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<date box="[1273,1432,1732,1756]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2019-08-23">
<collectingDate box="[1273,1432,1732,1756]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2019-08-23">23-AUG-2019</collectingDate>
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; size
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, gonads developing; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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.
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<specimenCode box="[854,979,1828,1852]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">BFLA4244</specimenCode>
;
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;
<date box="[1132,1288,1828,1852]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2019-11-11">
<collectingDate box="[1132,1288,1828,1852]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2019-11-11">11-NOV-2019</collectingDate>
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; size
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, no gonads; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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<specimenCode box="[1284,1409,1892,1916]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">BFLA4443</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCount pageId="65" pageNumber="301" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<date box="[951,1101,1924,1948]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2020-06-07">
<collectingDate box="[951,1101,1924,1948]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2020-06-07">07-JUN-2020</collectingDate>
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<quantity box="[1168,1249,1924,1948]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, no gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
<specimenCode box="[1259,1383,1956,1980]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">FA-014058</specimenCode>
, part preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
<accessionNumber box="[975,1108,2020,2044]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528631" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">MW528631</accessionNumber>
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.
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<specimenCode box="[1154,1281,2020,2044]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">BFLA4464</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCount box="[1299,1432,2020,2044]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<date box="[831,983,2052,2076]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2020-06-13">
<collectingDate box="[831,983,2052,2076]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" value="2020-06-13">13-JUN-2020</collectingDate>
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, no gonads; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical
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</materialsCitation>
.
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<specimenCode box="[320,446,290,314]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">BFLA4476</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCount box="[460,587,290,314]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<date box="[601,752,290,314]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2020-06-18">
<collectingDate box="[601,752,290,314]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" value="2020-06-18">18-JUN-2020</collectingDate>
</date>
; size
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, no gonads; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
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</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640050/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="302" startId="66.[151,186,1968,1990]" targetBox="[151,1435,257,1923]" targetPageId="66">
<paragraph blockId="66.[151,1437,1967,2076]" pageId="66" pageNumber="302">
Fig. 40.
<taxonomicName box="[238,407,1968,1989]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="66" pageNumber="302" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis box="[238,330,1968,1989]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="302">Aequorea</emphasis>
spec. 1
</taxonomicName>
. (A-B) BFLA4163, size&gt; 10 mm. (C) BFLA4163, manubrium. (D) BFLA3814, close up of bell margin. (E) BFLA4163, close up of bell margin. (F) BFLA3814, size 12 mm. (G) BFLA3788, size not recorded. (H) BFLA4002, size 17 mm. (I) BFLA4002, bell margin from oral side, arrow points to excretory papilla. (J) BFLA3781, size 9 mm. (K) BFLA4476, size 5 mm, youngest observed stage with 6 complete radial canals, a large prey item is in the stomach.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="67.[151,757,402,1172]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,314,402,426]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Observations:</emphasis>
Small
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[413,517,402,425]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[413,517,402,425]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Aequorea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
medusae with bell diameters reaching
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, only some with beginning gonad development (
<figureCitation box="[386,469,467,491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="66.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-7@66.[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 40. Aequorea spec. 1. (A-B) BFLA4163, size&gt; 10 mm. (C) BFLA4163, manubrium. (D) BFLA3814, close up of bell margin. (E) BFLA4163, close up of bell margin. (F) BFLA3814, size 12 mm. (G) BFLA3788, size not recorded. (H) BFLA4002, size 17 mm. (I) BFLA4002, bell margin from oral side, arrow points to excretory papilla. (J) BFLA3781, size 9 mm. (K) BFLA4476, size 5 mm, youngest observed stage with 6 complete radial canals, a large prey item is in the stomach." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640050/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
A-B), gonad development starts at about
<quantity box="[308,370,499,523]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
size. Bell in smaller animals nearly hemispherical, larger ones more flattened. Stomach small, in the larger individual diameter ~1/4 to 4/5 of bell diameter. Mouth rim with many broad fimbriae (
<figureCitation box="[159,265,629,653]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="66.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-7@66.[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 40. Aequorea spec. 1. (A-B) BFLA4163, size&gt; 10 mm. (C) BFLA4163, manubrium. (D) BFLA3814, close up of bell margin. (E) BFLA4163, close up of bell margin. (F) BFLA3814, size 12 mm. (G) BFLA3788, size not recorded. (H) BFLA4002, size 17 mm. (I) BFLA4002, bell margin from oral side, arrow points to excretory papilla. (J) BFLA3781, size 9 mm. (K) BFLA4476, size 5 mm, youngest observed stage with 6 complete radial canals, a large prey item is in the stomach." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640050/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 40C</figureCitation>
). Radial canals thin, up to 46 seen, often also developing centrifugal canals. Gonads developing in some of the radial canals (
<figureCitation box="[476,579,694,718]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="66.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-7@66.[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 40. Aequorea spec. 1. (A-B) BFLA4163, size&gt; 10 mm. (C) BFLA4163, manubrium. (D) BFLA3814, close up of bell margin. (E) BFLA4163, close up of bell margin. (F) BFLA3814, size 12 mm. (G) BFLA3788, size not recorded. (H) BFLA4002, size 17 mm. (I) BFLA4002, bell margin from oral side, arrow points to excretory papilla. (J) BFLA3781, size 9 mm. (K) BFLA4476, size 5 mm, youngest observed stage with 6 complete radial canals, a large prey item is in the stomach." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640050/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 40A</figureCitation>
), but apparently not fully developed. Up to 25 fully developed tentacles, additionally 1-5 very small tentacles or small bulbs without tentacles. Ratio of radial canals to tentacles 1.3 to 1.8 in individuals with visible gonads, thus always more radial canals than tentacles. Tentacles in life with a distinct, short, conical basal bulb (
<figureCitation box="[622,704,888,912]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="66.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-7@66.[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 40. Aequorea spec. 1. (A-B) BFLA4163, size&gt; 10 mm. (C) BFLA4163, manubrium. (D) BFLA3814, close up of bell margin. (E) BFLA4163, close up of bell margin. (F) BFLA3814, size 12 mm. (G) BFLA3788, size not recorded. (H) BFLA4002, size 17 mm. (I) BFLA4002, bell margin from oral side, arrow points to excretory papilla. (J) BFLA3781, size 9 mm. (K) BFLA4476, size 5 mm, youngest observed stage with 6 complete radial canals, a large prey item is in the stomach." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640050/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
A-B, D-E), with faint abaxial keel, emphasized or feigned by a whitish line on median of abaxial side (visible in life only), abaxial side of bulb usually continued onto exumbrella as a short abaxial spur (
<figureCitation box="[639,744,1018,1042]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="66.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-7@66.[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 40. Aequorea spec. 1. (A-B) BFLA4163, size&gt; 10 mm. (C) BFLA4163, manubrium. (D) BFLA3814, close up of bell margin. (E) BFLA4163, close up of bell margin. (F) BFLA3814, size 12 mm. (G) BFLA3788, size not recorded. (H) BFLA4002, size 17 mm. (I) BFLA4002, bell margin from oral side, arrow points to excretory papilla. (J) BFLA3781, size 9 mm. (K) BFLA4476, size 5 mm, youngest observed stage with 6 complete radial canals, a large prey item is in the stomach." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640050/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 40E</figureCitation>
). Conspicuous excretory papilla on adaxial side of tentacle bulbs (
<figureCitation box="[331,428,1083,1107]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="66.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-7@66.[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 40. Aequorea spec. 1. (A-B) BFLA4163, size&gt; 10 mm. (C) BFLA4163, manubrium. (D) BFLA3814, close up of bell margin. (E) BFLA4163, close up of bell margin. (F) BFLA3814, size 12 mm. (G) BFLA3788, size not recorded. (H) BFLA4002, size 17 mm. (I) BFLA4002, bell margin from oral side, arrow points to excretory papilla. (J) BFLA3781, size 9 mm. (K) BFLA4476, size 5 mm, youngest observed stage with 6 complete radial canals, a large prey item is in the stomach." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640050/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 40I</figureCitation>
), pointing into subumbrella. One to two statocysts between tentacles or small bulbs, statocysts with two statoliths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="67.[151,756,1195,1349]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,274,1195,1219]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">16S data:</emphasis>
The five haplotypes had a range of divergences of below 1.0 % (
<tableCitation box="[487,573,1228,1252]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
, intrapopulation variation). A maximum likelihood tree of the partial 16S sequence (
<figureCitation box="[268,349,1292,1317]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,186,1856,1878]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@62.[13,1261,360,1585]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 37. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the genus Aequorea and related genera obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) using about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if&gt; 70%). Sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study, for the taxa in bold either a voucher specimen or photos of it have been examined. Notes: *1) Unpublished, L. Leclère, pers. comm. *2) See Material &amp; Methods. *3) Could be a misidentification. *4) Unpublished, A. Hosia &amp; L. Martell, pers. comm., see Fig. 39A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710582/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
) found no significant relationship to other congeners.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="67" pageNumber="303" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="67.[151,757,1372,2077]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,1372,1396]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species was delimited by the 16S sequences. Were it not for the 16S data, we would have considered the specimens as juveniles or a smaller form of
<taxonomicName box="[243,388,1470,1493]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="neocyanea">
<emphasis box="[243,388,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">A. neocyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this notably for their resembling tentacle bulbs (comp.
<figureCitation box="[392,489,1502,1526]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Figs 38E</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[545,592,1502,1526]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="66.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-7@66.[151,1435,257,1923]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 40. Aequorea spec. 1. (A-B) BFLA4163, size&gt; 10 mm. (C) BFLA4163, manubrium. (D) BFLA3814, close up of bell margin. (E) BFLA4163, close up of bell margin. (F) BFLA3814, size 12 mm. (G) BFLA3788, size not recorded. (H) BFLA4002, size 17 mm. (I) BFLA4002, bell margin from oral side, arrow points to excretory papilla. (J) BFLA3781, size 9 mm. (K) BFLA4476, size 5 mm, youngest observed stage with 6 complete radial canals, a large prey item is in the stomach." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640050/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">40E</figureCitation>
). However, the 16S sequence data (
<figureCitation box="[380,463,1534,1559]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,186,1856,1878]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@62.[13,1261,360,1585]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 37. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the genus Aequorea and related genera obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) using about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if&gt; 70%). Sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study, for the taxa in bold either a voucher specimen or photos of it have been examined. Notes: *1) Unpublished, L. Leclère, pers. comm. *2) See Material &amp; Methods. *3) Could be a misidentification. *4) Unpublished, A. Hosia &amp; L. Martell, pers. comm., see Fig. 39A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710582/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
) separated them into two unrelated clades. The base pair differences between sequences of the two clades were&gt;8.2%. The two sample sets cannot well be compared morphologically as they represent different developmental stages. None of the specimens of the present species had fully developed gonads. One difference we noted was the presence of a large excretory papilla in a majority of specimens of the present species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="67.[151,757,1372,2077]" lastBlockId="67.[831,1437,257,542]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">
We were initially tempted to identify this lineage as
<taxonomicName authority="(L. Agassiz, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="L. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,585,1858,1883]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis box="[151,364,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Aequorea floridana</emphasis>
(L.
<bibRefCitation author="Agassiz A." box="[417,577,1858,1883]" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" refId="ref64002" refString="Agassiz A. 1862. In: Agassiz L. 1862." title="Agassiz L" type="book chapter" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a species also reported to be common along the cost of Florida and
<collectingCountry name="Bahamas" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[295,445,1924,1948]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer (1900)</bibRefCitation>
[for descriptions see
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I &amp; II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Bigelow" box="[287,455,1956,1980]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref64929" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1913. Medusae and Siphonophora collected by the U. S. steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in the Northwestern Pacific. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 44: 1 - 119, pls 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1913">Bigelow (1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Bigelow" box="[472,531,1956,1980]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" pagination="99 - 189" refId="ref65151" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1938. Medusae taken during the years 1929 and 1930. Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. VIII. Zoologica, N. Y. 23: 99 - 189." type="journal article" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
)]. Mature
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="L. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">Aequorea floridana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 16 to 24 radial canals and up to 80-100 tentacles (
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[259,400,2021,2045]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I &amp; II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
). Sixteen is the prevalent number of radial canals. Our specimens with gonads had 14 to 46 radial canals and consistently fewer tentacles than radial canals. It was mainly the low tentacle number which influenced our decision to reject an identity with
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="L. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[831,963,355,379]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis box="[831,963,355,379]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">A. floridana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The lack of fully developed animals and the lack of distinctive features made it advisable not to introduce a new species name. This is an unsatisfactory situation, but 16S data of fully-grown animals and also of typical
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="L. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[911,1039,485,509]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="67" pageNumber="303" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis box="[911,1039,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="303">A. floridana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotypes are needed to solve the problem and to put a name on this lineage.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>