547 lines
56 KiB
XML
547 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B3D0027FF30FE96FD737CB3" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Staurodiscus kellneri" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="287" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="285" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>128</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>237</mods:start>
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<mods:end>356</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0049</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5639938</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710618" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5710618" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B3D0027FF30FE96FD737CB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B3D0027FF30FE96FD737CB3" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[255,652,256,313]" box="[255,652,256,281]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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<heading bold="true" box="[255,652,256,281]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4ZM4L" ID-ENA="2805959" authority="(Mayer, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[255,652,256,281]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[255,652,256,281]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[255,488,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Staurodiscus kellneri</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[502,645,257,281]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[392,515,289,313]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[255,652,256,313]" box="[392,515,289,313]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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<figureCitation box="[392,465,289,313]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,186,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,257,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-7@50.[189,1399,257,1894]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 31. Staurodiscus kellneri. (A-C) BLFA4050, size 20 mm. (A) Oral view, the oval, white body is a crustacean on the exumbrella. (B) Mouth part. (C) Bell rim, ocelli and cordyli are visible. (D) BFLA4107, size 10 mm, young animal with only nine radial canals reaching the circular canal. (E) BFLA4399, contracted bell, lateral view, size 11 mm. (F) BFLA4399, oral view, not all radial extensions are branched. (G) Animal photographed 12-OCT-2020, 10 mm, juvenile with 9 radial canals. (H) BFLA4242, bell diameter 7 mm, bell margin with bulbs and cordyli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640030/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
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A-H
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[151,757,336,650]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[151,492,336,357]" page="229" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="1910">
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<taxonomicName authority="Mayer, 1910: 229" authorityName="Mayer" authorityPageNumber="229" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,492,336,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Toxorchis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
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<emphasis box="[151,321,336,357]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Toxorchis kellneri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[325,492,336,357]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="229" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 229</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 28 figs 1-2. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Vanhoffen E." page="421" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation author="Vanhoffen" firstAuthor="Vanhoffen" page="421" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="413 - 432" refId="ref75949" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1913 a. Ueber Westindische Medusen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 11 (3): 413 - 432." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">Vanhöffen, 1913a: 421</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Bigelow H. B." box="[361,551,365,387]" page="306" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation author="Bigelow" box="[361,551,365,387]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" page="306" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="161 - 357" refId="ref64973" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1917. Exploration of the coast water between Cape Cod and Halifax in 1914 and 1915, by the U. S. Fisheries schooner Grampus. Oceanography and plankton. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 61 (8): 161 - 357." type="journal article" year="1917">Bigelow, 1917: 306</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Bigelow H. B." box="[575,753,365,387]" page="54" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation author="Bigelow" box="[575,753,365,387]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" page="54" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 509" refId="ref65065" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1926. Plankton of the offshore waters of the Gulf of Maine. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 40 (2): 1 - 509." type="journal article" year="1926">Bigelow, 1926: 54</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[245,433,394,416]" page="141" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[245,433,394,416]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="141" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a: 141</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 167. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[546,724,394,416]" page="150" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[546,724,394,416]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="150" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961: 150</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[151,757,336,650]" box="[151,756,423,445]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,756,423,445]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[151,546,423,445]" page="227" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="1910">
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<taxonomicName authority="Mayer, 1910: 227" authorityName="Mayer" authorityPageNumber="227" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,546,423,445]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Dipleurosomatidae" genus="Dipleurosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brooksii">
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<emphasis box="[151,371,423,444]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Dipleurosoma brooksii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[375,546,424,445]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="227" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 227</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 118a-b,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[668,750,424,445]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">nov. syn</emphasis>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[151,757,336,650]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,349,453,474]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,326,453,474]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Toxorchis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brooksi">Toxorchis brooksi</taxonomicName>
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. –
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[357,550,453,475]" page="141" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[357,550,453,475]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="141" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a: 141</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 168b. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." page="147" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="147" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961: 147</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[151,757,336,650]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,293,511,532]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3JXJ9" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,289,511,532]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">Hebella furax</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Migotto A. E. & De Andrade L. P." box="[319,638,511,533]" page="1873" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="2000">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Migotto & Andrade" box="[319,638,511,533]" firstAuthor="Migotto" page="1873" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1871 - 1888" refId="ref72189" refString="Migotto A. E., De Andrade L. P. 2000. The life cycle of Hebella furax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a link between a lafoeid hydroid and a laodiceid medusa. Journal of natural History 34 (10): 1871 - 1888." type="journal article" year="2000">Migotto & Andrade, 2000: 1873</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 1-5. [? not
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<taxonomicName authority="Millard, 1957" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[263,536,540,563]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
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<emphasis box="[263,396,541,562]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Hebella furax</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Millard" box="[402,536,540,563]" firstAuthor="Millard" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="173 - 243" refId="ref72239" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1957. The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 43 (4): 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[151,757,336,650]" box="[151,610,570,592]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,610,570,592]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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||
?
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<treatmentCitation author="Bouillon J." box="[168,531,570,592]" page="71" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="1984">
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<taxonomicName authority="Bouillon, 1984 b: 71" authorityName="Bouillon" authorityPageNumber="71" authorityYear="1984" box="[168,531,570,592]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Toxorchis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="milleri">
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||
<emphasis box="[168,331,570,591]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Toxorchis milleri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[337,531,570,592]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" page="71" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="25 - 112" refId="ref65793" refString="Bouillon J. 1984 b. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 25 - 112." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon, 1984b: 71</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 20.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="49.[151,757,336,650]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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||
? not
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||
<emphasis box="[219,436,599,620]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
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||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4ZM4L" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[219,432,599,620]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">Staurodiscus kellneri</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Bouillon J. & Medel M. D. & Pages F. & Gili J. M. & Boero B. & Gravili C." box="[474,752,599,621]" page="152" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" year="2004">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[474,752,599,621]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bouillon" page="152" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 448" refId="ref66079" refString="Bouillon J., Medel M. D., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero B., Gravili C. 2004. Fauna of the Mediterranean Hydrozoa. Scientia Marina 68 (Suppl. 2): 1 - 448." type="journal article" year="2004">
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||
Bouillon
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||
<emphasis box="[571,627,599,621]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2004: 152
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs 82A-D.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="49.[151,757,674,1543]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,391,674,698]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Examined material:</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574438" accessionNumber="MW528661" collectingDate="2019-04-01" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" specimenCode="BFLA4050, UF-013450" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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||
<specimenCode box="[407,534,674,698]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">BFLA4050</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[553,639,674,698]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
;
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||
<date pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2019-04-01">
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||
<collectingDate pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2019-04-01">01-APR- 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[273,355,707,731]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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||
; preserved in formalin (
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||
<specimenCode box="[622,749,706,730]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">UF-013450</specimenCode>
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||
) and small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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||
<accessionNumber box="[271,405,771,795]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528661" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">MW528661</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574404" accessionNumber="MW528721" collectingDate="2019-04-11" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" specimenCode="BFLA4074, UF- 013784" specimenCount="1">
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||
–
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||
<specimenCode box="[462,589,772,796]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">BFLA4074</specimenCode>
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||
;
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||
<specimenCount box="[613,752,771,796]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[151,303,804,828]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2019-04-11">
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||
<collectingDate box="[151,303,804,828]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2019-04-11">11-APR-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
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||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[367,448,804,828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in formalin (
|
||
<specimenCode pageId="49" pageNumber="285">UF- 013784</specimenCode>
|
||
) and small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[453,586,869,893]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528721" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">MW528721</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574463" accessionNumber="MW528675" collectingDate="2019-05-27" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" specimenCode="BFLA4107, UF-013794" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[626,752,869,893]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">BFLA4107</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[151,280,901,926]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[294,452,902,926]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2019-05-27">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[294,452,902,926]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2019-05-27">27-MAY-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[518,599,902,926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, only 9 radial canals; preserved in formalin (
|
||
<specimenCode box="[500,627,934,958]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">UF-013794</specimenCode>
|
||
) and small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[151,286,999,1023]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528675" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">MW528675</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574342" accessionNumber="MW528691" collectingDate="2019-11-11" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" specimenCode="BFLA4242, UF-013835" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[342,469,999,1023]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">BFLA4242</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[493,632,999,1023]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2019-11-11">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2019-11-11">11-NOV- 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[278,348,1032,1055]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in formalin (
|
||
<specimenCode box="[624,752,1031,1055]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">UF-013835</specimenCode>
|
||
, sample macerated, only debris left) and part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[587,721,1096,1120]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528691" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">MW528691</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574444" accessionNumber="MW528721" collectingDate="2020-05-17" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" specimenCode="BFLA4399, UF-014041" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[151,277,1129,1153]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">BFLA4399</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[293,424,1129,1153]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[440,599,1129,1153]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2020-05-17">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[440,599,1129,1153]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2020-05-17">17-MAY-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[669,752,1129,1153]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in formalin (
|
||
<specimenCode box="[413,540,1161,1185]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">UF-014041</specimenCode>
|
||
) and small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[620,753,1194,1218]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528721" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">MW528721</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574472" accessionNumber="MW528721" collectingDate="2020-05-26" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" specimenCode="BFLA4404" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[175,300,1226,1250]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">BFLA4404</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[315,444,1226,1250]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[458,617,1226,1250]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2020-05-26">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[458,617,1226,1250]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2020-05-26">26-MAY-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[683,752,1226,1250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[295,428,1291,1315]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528721" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">MW528721</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574518" accessionNumber="MW528726" collectingDate="2019-05-28" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" specimenCode="BFLA4424, UF- 014050" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[474,601,1291,1315]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">BFLA4424</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[619,752,1291,1315]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[151,310,1324,1348]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2019-05-28">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[151,310,1324,1348]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2019-05-28">28-MAY-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[375,443,1324,1348]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in formalin (
|
||
<specimenCode pageId="49" pageNumber="285">UF- 014050</specimenCode>
|
||
) and small part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[312,445,1388,1412]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528726" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">MW528726</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574413" collectingDate="2020-06-08" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" specimenCode="BFLA4452, UF-013450" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[483,609,1388,1412]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">BFLA4452</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[623,752,1389,1413]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[151,302,1421,1445]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2020-06-08">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[151,302,1421,1445]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2020-06-08">08-JUN-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[370,452,1421,1445]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[294,420,1453,1477]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">UF-013450</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574447" collectingDate="2020-05-30" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[454,613,1454,1478]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2020-05-30">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[454,613,1454,1478]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" value="2020-05-30">30-MAY-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[625,752,1454,1478]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
; photographed but not collected;
|
||
<quantity box="[502,580,1486,1510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 9 radial canals,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[151,240,1519,1543]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="juvenile">juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="49.[151,757,1566,2077]" lastBlockId="49.[832,1437,258,509]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,317,1566,1590]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Observations:</emphasis>
|
||
Umbrella diameter 10-20 mm, hemispherical or slightly flatter than hemisphere, lateral jelly thin but gradually thickening towards apex, the latter moderately thick. Manubrium rather flat, mouth wide open or a short tube with variable number of folded lips, manubrium base much enlarged and drawn out star-like into up to 12 basal extensions which may branch into two or three radial stomach extensions and reaching almost to circular canal, continued as short radial canals (about 1/6 of bell radius) and these all connected to circular canal, no blind ending radial canals or stomach extensions, 16-19 radial canals. Branching pattern variable and irregular, some radial canals not branching. Gonads develop on lateral walls of stomach extensions, reaching from branching points to beginning of radial canals, colour pale reddish-brown or brown-yellow. Tentacles 23-32, with distinct ovoid marginal bulb, black ocellus on adaxial side where joined to umbrella. Marginal bulbs independent of radial canals. Between each pair of tentacles usually one, sometimes 2-3 (especially in smaller animals) elongate cordyli, cordyli with a few terminal nematocysts, at attachment site on adaxial side a black ocellus. No statocysts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="49.[832,1436,532,686]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,946,532,556]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">16S Data:</emphasis>
|
||
The six 16S sequences obtained represented four haplotypes with only 0.16 to 0.5% base pair differences. In the maximum likelihood tree (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1345,1428,597,621]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="45.[153,188,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[199,1370,677,1924]" captionTargetId="graphics-159@45.[199,969,686,1866]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Fig. 28. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetictree of Laodiceidae,Hebellidae,and Orchistomatidae,obtainedwith PhyML (GTR+G+I model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%).All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640020/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
) they are well separated from the other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1298,1436,629,653]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Staurodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[1010,1142,662,686]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1010,1142,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Melicertissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="49.[831,1437,709,1058]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,982,709,733]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1000,1078,709,733]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1259,1328,709,733]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Maine</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus box="[929,982,742,766]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1105,1162,742,766]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1182,1263,742,766]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Dry
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1342,1436,742,766]" name="Haiti" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
|
||
archipelago. The Mediterranean occurrence given in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[865,1117,807,831]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 448" refId="ref66079" refString="Bouillon J., Medel M. D., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero B., Gravili C. 2004. Fauna of the Mediterranean Hydrozoa. Scientia Marina 68 (Suppl. 2): 1 - 448." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis box="[973,1033,807,831]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is based on records of the hydroid
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Millard, 1957" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[923,1231,839,863]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
|
||
<emphasis box="[923,1073,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Hebella furax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Millard" box="[1082,1231,839,863]" firstAuthor="Millard" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="173 - 243" refId="ref72239" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1957. The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 43 (4): 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is most likely incorrect because the medusa is not known to occur in this well investigated area. It is by no means evident that the simple hydroid
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[1108,1262,936,960]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1108,1262,936,960]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Hebella furax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
corresponds to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[831,1057,969,993]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1057,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Staurodiscus kellneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in all regions it has been reported. It is highly probable that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[1141,1297,1001,1025]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1141,1297,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Hebella furax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent a species complex (see also Remarks below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="49.[831,1437,1081,2078]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,944,1081,1105]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
This is a rare medusa, only a few individuals have been described so far and the variation of the number of tentacles, radial canals, and the branching of the stomach extensions were not well known.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Migotto & Andrade" firstAuthor="Migotto" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1871 - 1888" refId="ref72189" refString="Migotto A. E., De Andrade L. P. 2000. The life cycle of Hebella furax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a link between a lafoeid hydroid and a laodiceid medusa. Journal of natural History 34 (10): 1871 - 1888." type="journal article" year="2000">Migotto & Andrade (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reared medusae released from a hydroid they collected in coastal waters of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1321,1387,1243,1267]" name="Brazil" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Millard, 1957" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[972,1282,1275,1300]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
|
||
<emphasis box="[972,1121,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Hebella furax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Millard" box="[1130,1282,1275,1299]" firstAuthor="Millard" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="173 - 243" refId="ref72239" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1957. The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 43 (4): 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The resulting adult medusae were clearly identifiable as
|
||
<emphasis box="[1316,1436,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1316,1432,1308,1332]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">S. kellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
although the authors hesitated somewhat with this identification, presumably because the branching pattern of the radial canals/stomach extensions were more variable than documented before. This trait was rather variable in our specimens too (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1251,1331,1470,1494]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,186,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,257,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-7@50.[189,1399,257,1894]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 31. Staurodiscus kellneri. (A-C) BLFA4050, size 20 mm. (A) Oral view, the oval, white body is a crustacean on the exumbrella. (B) Mouth part. (C) Bell rim, ocelli and cordyli are visible. (D) BFLA4107, size 10 mm, young animal with only nine radial canals reaching the circular canal. (E) BFLA4399, contracted bell, lateral view, size 11 mm. (F) BFLA4399, oral view, not all radial extensions are branched. (G) Animal photographed 12-OCT-2020, 10 mm, juvenile with 9 radial canals. (H) BFLA4242, bell diameter 7 mm, bell margin with bulbs and cordyli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640030/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
A-G) and confirms the observations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Migotto & Andrade" box="[1141,1433,1502,1526]" firstAuthor="Migotto" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1871 - 1888" refId="ref72189" refString="Migotto A. E., De Andrade L. P. 2000. The life cycle of Hebella furax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a link between a lafoeid hydroid and a laodiceid medusa. Journal of natural History 34 (10): 1871 - 1888." type="journal article" year="2000">Migotto & Andrade (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[943,1092,1535,1559]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
|
||
<emphasis box="[943,1092,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Hebella furax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot simply be synonymized with
|
||
<emphasis box="[890,1291,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[890,1124,1567,1591]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">Staurodiscus kellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[1138,1291,1567,1591]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">Hebella furax</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[see Millard (1975) and also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boero" box="[1027,1255,1600,1624]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Boero" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref65361" refString="Boero F., Bouillon J., Kubota S. 1997. The medusae of some species of Hebella Allman, 1888 and Anthohebella gen. nov. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae), with a world synopsis of species. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 310: 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Boero
|
||
<emphasis box="[1106,1161,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] was originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1022,1169,1632,1656]" name="South Africa" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is a widespread, rather simple hydroid offering few diagnostic features. It is very likely that it does not produce
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1321,1436,1697,1721]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1321,1436,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">S. kellneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
medusae over its whole distribution range, just like the “
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1847" box="[894,1041,1762,1786]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[894,1041,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Campanulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”-
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1059,1109,1762,1786]" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">type</typeStatus>
|
||
hydroids produce medusae belonging to different genera (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert" box="[1201,1436,1794,1818]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schuchert" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref74802" refString="Schuchert P., Hosia A., Leclere L. 2017. Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding. Revue suisse de Zoologie 124: 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Schuchert
|
||
<emphasis box="[1315,1369,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for similar cases).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="49.[831,1437,1081,2078]" lastBlockId="51.[151,756,257,1171]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mayer, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[831,1228,1859,1883]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brooksii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1063,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Staurodiscus brooksii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[1080,1220,1859,1883]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[831,984,1891,1915]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1055,1191,1891,1915]" name="Bahamas" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
appears very similar to
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,946,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[831,942,1924,1948]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">S. kellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The former has fewer tentacles and also fewer radial canals because four radial canals are unbranched. BFLA4399 had exactly this condition (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1259,1355,1989,2013]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,186,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,257,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-7@50.[189,1399,257,1894]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 31. Staurodiscus kellneri. (A-C) BLFA4050, size 20 mm. (A) Oral view, the oval, white body is a crustacean on the exumbrella. (B) Mouth part. (C) Bell rim, ocelli and cordyli are visible. (D) BFLA4107, size 10 mm, young animal with only nine radial canals reaching the circular canal. (E) BFLA4399, contracted bell, lateral view, size 11 mm. (F) BFLA4399, oral view, not all radial extensions are branched. (G) Animal photographed 12-OCT-2020, 10 mm, juvenile with 9 radial canals. (H) BFLA4242, bell diameter 7 mm, bell margin with bulbs and cordyli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640030/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Fig. 31F</figureCitation>
|
||
), while others like BLFA4050 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1086,1183,2021,2045]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,186,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,257,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-7@50.[189,1399,257,1894]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 31. Staurodiscus kellneri. (A-C) BLFA4050, size 20 mm. (A) Oral view, the oval, white body is a crustacean on the exumbrella. (B) Mouth part. (C) Bell rim, ocelli and cordyli are visible. (D) BFLA4107, size 10 mm, young animal with only nine radial canals reaching the circular canal. (E) BFLA4399, contracted bell, lateral view, size 11 mm. (F) BFLA4399, oral view, not all radial extensions are branched. (G) Animal photographed 12-OCT-2020, 10 mm, juvenile with 9 radial canals. (H) BFLA4242, bell diameter 7 mm, bell margin with bulbs and cordyli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640030/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">Fig. 31A</figureCitation>
|
||
) had it partially.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1019,1132,2053,2077]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="285" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brooksii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1019,1132,2053,2077]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="285">S. brooksii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on drawings made by the late William K. Brooks of a medusa collected from Nassau, Bahama Islands. The drawing did not show ocelli, but they were probably overlooked by Brooks as they are rather small and not well visible (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[643,744,353,377]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,186,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,257,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-7@50.[189,1399,257,1894]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 31. Staurodiscus kellneri. (A-C) BLFA4050, size 20 mm. (A) Oral view, the oval, white body is a crustacean on the exumbrella. (B) Mouth part. (C) Bell rim, ocelli and cordyli are visible. (D) BFLA4107, size 10 mm, young animal with only nine radial canals reaching the circular canal. (E) BFLA4399, contracted bell, lateral view, size 11 mm. (F) BFLA4399, oral view, not all radial extensions are branched. (G) Animal photographed 12-OCT-2020, 10 mm, juvenile with 9 radial canals. (H) BFLA4242, bell diameter 7 mm, bell margin with bulbs and cordyli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640030/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">Fig. 31H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[151,320,384,408]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp (1959a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out that also the cordyli were also not mentioned in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[390,541,416,441]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but they are shown in Mayer’s figure (1910: 118aA).
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[524,755,448,472]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brooksii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[524,755,448,472]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">Staurodiscus brooksii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must evidently be a younger stage of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">Staurodiscus kellneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and we regard both as conspecific. Both names were introduced in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[388,548,543,568]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[633,755,543,567]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brooksii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[633,755,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">S. brooksii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appearing on page 227,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[416,526,575,599]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[416,526,575,599]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">S. kellneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on page 229. As the current ICZN does not enforce page precedence for synonymized names appearing in the same work, acting as first revisors we prefer to use the name
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">Staurodiscus kellneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the present species. It is the better and more precisely known nominal species and has been reported subsequently, while
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[367,478,765,789]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brooksii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[367,478,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">S. brooksii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is incompletely described and has not been reported anymore (based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640030/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="286" startId="50.[151,186,1941,1963]" targetBox="[189,1399,257,1894]" targetPageId="50">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="50.[151,1437,1941,2078]" pageId="50" pageNumber="286">
|
||
Fig. 31.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[238,440,1941,1962]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="50" pageNumber="286" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,440,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="286">Staurodiscus kellneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A-C) BLFA4050, size 20 mm. (A) Oral view, the oval, white body is a crustacean on the exumbrella. (B) Mouth part. (C) Bell rim, ocelli and cordyli are visible. (D) BFLA4107, size 10 mm, young animal with only nine radial canals reaching the circular canal. (E) BFLA4399, contracted bell, lateral view, size 11 mm. (F) BFLA4399, oral view, not all radial extensions are branched. (G) Animal photographed 12-OCT-2020, 10 mm, juvenile with 9 radial canals. (H) BFLA4242, bell diameter 7 mm, bell margin with bulbs and cordyli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[151,756,257,1171]" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">
|
||
With the new data on the variability of the radial canals and their branching pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">Staurodiscus kellneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Bouillon, 1984 b)" baseAuthorityName="Bouillon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[253,567,924,948]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Toxorchis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="milleri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[253,357,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">S. milleri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[378,561,924,948]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" pagination="25 - 112" refId="ref65793" refString="Bouillon J. 1984 b. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 25 - 112." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon, 1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
becomes hardly distinguishable. They could well be conspecific. The only tangible difference remaining being the smaller size of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bouillon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[181,279,1020,1044]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Toxorchis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="milleri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,279,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">S. milleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(up to 8.5 mm versus 10-20 mm). Although we think that both names should be synonymized, we hesitate to do so for biogeographic reasons.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bouillon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="287" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="milleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="287">Staurodiscus milleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the Bismarck Sea, thus both nominal species have a very disjunct distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |