192 lines
23 KiB
XML
192 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2B0040583AB7D697D2EEEA8DAAC0580E">Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B3C0024FE9CF9BDFD5C7E63" ID-CoL="7Q2PX" ID-ENA="662017" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[339,647,1579,1603]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FE9CF9BDFE3A7E63" bold="true" box="[339,481,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Staurodiscus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FE27F9BDFD5C7E63" author="Haeckel" box="[488,647,1579,1603]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FF58F9CFFEC97E4E" box="[151,274,1625,1646]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Staurodiscus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FED2F9CFFE3E7E4F" author="Haeckel" box="[285,485,1625,1647]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="145" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 145</bibRefCitation>
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,
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type species
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B3C0024FDB6F9CFFD747EAC" ID-CoL="6ZHV4" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetrastaurus">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FDB6F9CFFE8C7EAC" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Staurodiscus tetrastaurus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FE92F9E0FE3C7EAB" author="Haeckel" box="[349,487,1654,1676]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FE3BF9E0FD737EAC" author="Kramp" box="[500,680,1654,1676]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="147" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961: 147</bibRefCitation>
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)
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.
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<subSubSection id="10A268E15B3C0024FF58F905FD417F52" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B3C0024FF58F905FDA97EE5" blockId="48.[151,756,1625,1906]" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B3C0024FF58F905FDA97EE5" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B3C0024FF58F905FE297E88" author="Haeckel E." box="[151,498,1682,1705]" page="145" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" year="1879">
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B3C0024FF58F905FE297E88" ID-CoL="21f98848-6deb-4290-973d-0bbfc4470f8b" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 145" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="145" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,498,1682,1705]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FF58F905FEF67E88" box="[151,301,1683,1704]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Staurodiscalma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FEFBF905FE297E88" author="Haeckel" box="[308,498,1682,1705]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="145" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 145</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, type species
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B3C0024FDB6F905FE3C7EE5" ID-CoL="6ZHV4" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetrastaurus">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FDB6F905FE8C7EE5" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Staurodiscus tetrastaurus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FE92F939FE3C7EE5" author="Haeckel" box="[349,487,1711,1733]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B3C0024FF58F95AFDAF7EDF" blockId="48.[151,756,1625,1906]" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B3C0024FF58F95AFDAF7EDF" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B3C0024FF58F95AFE357EC2" author="Haeckel E." box="[151,494,1740,1762]" page="146" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" year="1879">
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B3C0024FF58F95AFE357EC2" ID-CoL="7b7a8513-bb72-4833-9912-f43f8a1dd3a1" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 146" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="146" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,494,1740,1762]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FF58F95AFEFE7EC1" box="[151,293,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Staurodiscema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FEE2F95AFE357EC2" author="Haeckel" box="[301,494,1740,1762]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="146" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 146</bibRefCitation>
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, type species
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B3C0024FDB6F95AFE327EDE" ID-CoL="4ZM4K" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heterosceles">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FDB6F95AFE827EDE" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Staurodiscus heterosceles</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FE91F97FFE327EDE" author="Haeckel" box="[350,489,1769,1791]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by monotypy.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B3C0024FF58F890FE237F18" blockId="48.[151,756,1625,1906]" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B3C0024FF58F890FE237F18" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B3C0024FF58F890FE637F3C" author="Haeckel E." box="[151,440,1798,1820]" page="157" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" year="1879">
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B3C0024FF58F890FE637F3C" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 157" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="157" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,440,1798,1820]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Toxorchis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FF58F890FF2F7F3B" box="[151,244,1798,1819]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Toxorchis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FF35F890FE637F3C" author="Haeckel" box="[250,440,1798,1820]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="157" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 157</bibRefCitation>
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, type species
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B3C0024FDF1F890FEB67F18" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Toxorchis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FDF1F890FD2F7F3C" box="[574,756,1798,1820]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Toxorchis arcuatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FF2CF8B5FEB67F18" author="Haeckel" box="[227,365,1827,1849]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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by monotypy.
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|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B3C0024FF58F8A9FDC27F75" author="Uchida T." box="[151,537,1855,1877]" page="165" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" year="1927">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B3C0024FF58F8A9FDC27F75" ID-CoL="6d9127bf-3cbd-4873-a1f3-2cd3e4d2b38e" authority="Uchida, 1927 b: 165" authorityName="Uchida" authorityPageNumber="165" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,537,1855,1877]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FF58F8A9FEF47F74" box="[151,303,1855,1876]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Staurodiscoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FE8EF8A9FDC27F75" author="Uchida" box="[321,537,1855,1877]" firstAuthor="Uchida" page="165" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="165 - 168" refId="ref75634" refString="Uchida T. 1927 b. Description of a new Leptomedusa, Staurodiscoides gotoi. Japanese Journal of Zoology 1 (5): 165 - 168." type="journal article" year="1927" yearSuffix="b">Uchida, 1927b: 165</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, type species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B3C0024FD0EF8D6FDD47F51" ID-CoL="4ZM4C" authority="Uchida, 1927" authorityName="Uchida" authorityYear="1927" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gotoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FD0EF8D6FE537F52" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Staurodiscoides gotoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FE41F8CAFDD47F51" author="Uchida T." box="[398,527,1884,1906]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section IV, Zoology" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="145 - 241" part="1" refId="ref75589" refString="Uchida T. 1927 a. Studies on Japanese hydromedusae. I. Anthomedusae. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section IV, Zoology 1 (3): 145 - 241, plates 10 - 11." title="Studies on Japanese hydromedusae. I. Anthomedusae" type="journal article" year="1927">Uchida, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by monotypy.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B3C0024FF58F81FFC5E7F23" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B3C0024FF58F81FFB1B7DA3" blockId="48.[151,756,1929,2050]" lastBlockId="48.[832,1436,1355,1795]" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FF58F81FFECB7F81" bold="true" box="[151,272,1929,1953]" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Medusa with 4 or more main primary radial canals, some or all branching one or more times, primary canal and some or all of the branches reaching circular canal; gonads on primary radial canals and branches; numerous tentacles and cordyli; with or without cirri; with or without ocelli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B3C0024FC8FFA1DFC5E7F23" blockId="48.[832,1436,1355,1795]" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">
|
||
Hydroid epizootic,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B3C0024FBECFA1DFBAC7D83" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[1059,1143,1419,1443]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FBECFA1DFBAC7D83" box="[1059,1143,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Hebella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like; hydrothecae almost conical when growing on upper part of the host, cylindrical when growing on lower part of same host; asymmetrical to symmetrical; with everted margin, sharply or slightly oblique, with short to long, wrinkled or annulated pedicels; with membranous diaphragm (sometimes absent) and annular thickening; gonophores as free medusae; gonotheca as big or slightly bigger than hydrotheca, with four opercular flaps, on short pedicel, slightly undulated walls, truncated distally, tapering at base, containing up to three medusae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FB3DF95DFCA17F23" author="Bouillon" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 591" refId="ref66127" refString="Bouillon J., Gravili C., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Mus e um National d'Histoire Naturelle 194: 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FA93F95AFA547EC3" box="[1372,1423,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B3C0024FC8FF88DFB227F53" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B3C0024FC8FF88DFB227F53" blockId="48.[832,1437,1818,1907]" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B3C0024FC8FF88DFC6B7F13" bold="true" box="[832,944,1819,1843]" pageId="48" pageNumber="284">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FC27F88DFB597F12" author="Kramp" box="[1000,1154,1818,1842]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="305 - 366" refId="ref69901" refString="Kramp P. L. 1962. Medusae of Vietnam. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn 124: 305 - 366." type="journal article" year="1962">Kramp (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FB75F88CFAAE7F12" author="Bouillon" box="[1210,1397,1818,1842]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="25 - 112" refId="ref65793" refString="Bouillon J. 1984 b. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 25 - 112." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon (1984b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for emended diagnosis and synopsis of the species. For the life cycle see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B3C0024FC1EF8CCFB2E7F53" author="Migotto & Andrade" box="[977,1269,1882,1907]" firstAuthor="Migotto" pageId="48" pageNumber="284" pagination="1871 - 1888" refId="ref72189" refString="Migotto A. E., De Andrade L. P. 2000. The life cycle of Hebella furax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a link between a lafoeid hydroid and a laodiceid medusa. Journal of natural History 34 (10): 1871 - 1888." type="journal article" year="2000">Migotto & Andrade (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |