767 lines
88 KiB
XML
767 lines
88 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B3B002EFEC3FE96FC7E7B51" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Orchistoma pileus" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="294" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="291" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>128</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:start>237</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710624" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510774" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5710624" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B3B002EFEC3FE96FC7E7B51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B3B002EFEC3FE96FC7E7B51" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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<subSubSection box="[268,639,256,281]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="55.[268,639,256,313]" box="[268,639,256,281]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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<heading bold="true" box="[268,639,256,281]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6ST9Y" ID-ENA="2805969" authority="(Lesson, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[268,639,256,281]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[268,639,256,281]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[268,469,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Orchistoma pileus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Lesson" box="[483,632,257,281]" firstAuthor="Lesson" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" refId="ref70636" refString="Lesson R. P. 1843. Histoire naturelle des zoophytes. Acalephes. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 596 pp. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4799" type="book" year="1843">Lesson, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[338,569,289,313]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="55.[268,639,256,313]" box="[338,569,289,313]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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<figureCitation box="[338,417,289,313]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[151,186,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-7@56.[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 34. Orchistoma pileus. (A-B) BFLA3785, bell diameter 12 mm, female. (C) BFLA4183, bell diameter 26 mm, bell margin of a mature animal, note irregular radial canals, likely due to healed damage. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male. (E) BFLA3813, bell diameter 20 mm. (F) BFLA4132, note curling of long tentacles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640038/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Figs 34</figureCitation>
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A-F & 35A-G
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="55.[151,757,335,990]" box="[151,617,335,357]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,617,335,357]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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<treatmentCitation author="Lesson R. P." box="[151,503,335,356]" page="317" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1843">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lesson, 1843: 317" authorityName="Lesson" authorityPageNumber="317" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,503,335,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Mesonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
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<emphasis box="[151,318,335,356]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Mesonema pileus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Lesson" box="[324,503,335,356]" firstAuthor="Lesson" page="317" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" refId="ref70636" refString="Lesson R. P. 1843. Histoire naturelle des zoophytes. Acalephes. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 596 pp. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4799" type="book" year="1843">Lesson, 1843: 317</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 6 fig. 1.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="55.[151,757,335,990]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6ST9Y" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[151,325,363,384]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
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<emphasis box="[151,325,363,384]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Orchistoma pileus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Haeckel E." box="[354,541,363,385]" page="139" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[354,541,363,385]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="139" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 139</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. –
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[566,752,363,385]" page="139" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[566,752,363,385]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="139" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a: 139</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 163. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[335,517,392,414]" page="144" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[335,517,392,414]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="144" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961: 144</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Segura-Puertas L. & Celis L. & Chiaverano L." page="376" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation author="Segura-Puertas" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Segura-Puertas" page="376" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="369 - 379" refId="ref74921" refString="Segura-Puertas L., Celis L., Chiaverano L. 2009. Medusozoans (Cnidaria: Cubozoa, Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa) of The Gulf of Mexico (pp. 369 - 379). In: Felder D. L, Camp D. K. (eds), Gulf of Mexico - Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. vol. 1. Texas A & M University Press, College Station, Texas." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Segura-Puertas
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<emphasis box="[700,751,392,414]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2009: 376
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Bouillon J." box="[362,564,421,443]" page="90" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[362,564,421,443]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" page="90" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="25 - 112" refId="ref65793" refString="Bouillon J. 1984 b. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 25 - 112." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon, 1984b: 90</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Gershwin L. - A., Zeidler W., Davie P. J. F." pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="2010">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Gershwin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gershwin" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref68316" refString="Gershwin L. - A., Zeidler W., Davie P. J. F. 2010. Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 54 (3): 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Gershwin
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||
<emphasis box="[699,751,421,443]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2010
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: table 7.
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="55.[151,757,335,990]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Haeckel E." box="[151,582,479,501]" page="139" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1879">
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||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6T4XY" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 139" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="139" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,582,479,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="steenstrupii">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,383,479,500]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Orchistoma steenstrupii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[390,582,479,501]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="139" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 139</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 15 figs 3-5. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[227,397,508,529]" page="211" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1910">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[227,397,508,529]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="211" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 211</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 25 figs 1-4. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[565,752,507,529]" page="157" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1955">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[565,752,507,529]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="157" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="149 - 168" refId="ref69724" refString="Kramp P. L. 1955 a. A revision of Ernst Haeckel's determinations of a collection of Medusae belonging to the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Deep Sea Research 3: 149 - 168." type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1955a: 157</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, re-examination of
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<typeStatus box="[404,445,537,558]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">type</typeStatus>
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specimens, synonym.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="55.[151,757,335,990]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Keller C." box="[151,575,565,587]" page="418" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1884">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8R9PY" authority="Keller, 1884: 418" authorityName="Keller" authorityPageNumber="418" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,575,565,587]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agariciforme">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,396,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Orchistoma agariciforme</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Keller" box="[403,575,565,587]" firstAuthor="Keller" page="418" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref69492" refString="Keller C. 1884. Mittheilungen uber Medusen. Recueil zoologique Suisse 1: 403 - 422, pl. 21." type="journal article" year="1884">Keller, 1884: 418</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 21 figs 1-3.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">n. syn.</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="55.[151,757,335,990]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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<emphasis box="[151,400,623,644]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
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||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8R9PY" authorityName="Keller" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,396,623,644]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agariciforme">Orchistoma agariciforme</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[418,602,622,644]" page="140" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1959">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[418,602,622,644]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="140" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a:140</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." page="144" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1961">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="144" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961: 144</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Bouillon J." box="[293,488,651,673]" page="88" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[293,488,651,673]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" page="88" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="25 - 112" refId="ref65793" refString="Bouillon J. 1984 b. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 25 - 112." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon, 1984b: 88</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 29-30, redescription. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Bouillon J. & Medel M. D. & Pages F. & Gili J. M. & Boero B. & Gravili C." box="[227,480,680,702]" page="170" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[227,480,680,702]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bouillon" page="170" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 448" refId="ref66079" refString="Bouillon J., Medel M. D., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero B., Gravili C. 2004. Fauna of the Mediterranean Hydrozoa. Scientia Marina 68 (Suppl. 2): 1 - 448." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis box="[318,368,680,702]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004: 170
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 91E. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Gershwin L. - A., Zeidler W., Davie P. J. F." pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gershwin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gershwin" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref68316" refString="Gershwin L. - A., Zeidler W., Davie P. J. F. 2010. Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 54 (3): 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gershwin
|
||
<emphasis box="[701,751,680,702]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 7
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="55.[151,757,335,990]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[151,560,738,760]" page="46" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1900">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8RBN8" authority="Mayer, 1900: 46" authorityName="Mayer" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,560,738,760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Tetracannota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="collapsum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,386,738,760]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Tetracannota collapsum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[394,560,738,760]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="46" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer, 1900: 46</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pls 7-8 figs 14-16.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[227,292,767,788]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">n. syn.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="55.[151,757,335,990]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,395,795,816]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Dipleurosomatidae" genus="Dipleurosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="collapsum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,395,795,816]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Dipleurosoma collapsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[428,605,795,817]" page="226" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[428,605,795,817]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="226" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 226</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 27 figs 1-3 & 7. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[296,477,824,846]" page="134" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1961">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[296,477,824,846]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="134" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961: 134</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Goy J." box="[506,658,824,845]" page="274" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1979">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goy" box="[506,658,824,845]" firstAuthor="Goy" page="274" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="263 - 296" refId="ref68549" refString="Goy J. 1979. Campagne de la Calypso au large des cotes Atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). 35. Meduses. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique 55 (Suppl.): 263 - 296." type="journal article" year="1979">Goy, 1979: 274</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 11. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[227,415,853,875]" page="132" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[227,415,853,875]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="132" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a: 132</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 147.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="55.[151,757,335,990]" box="[151,630,882,904]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,630,882,904]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,375,882,903]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Dipleurosomatidae" genus="Dipleurosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="collapsa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,375,882,903]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Dipleurosoma collapsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Vanhoffen E." box="[404,626,882,904]" page="420" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1913">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vanhoffen" box="[404,626,882,904]" firstAuthor="Vanhoffen" page="420" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="413 - 432" refId="ref75949" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1913 a. Ueber Westindische Medusen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 11 (3): 413 - 432." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">Vanhöffen, 1913a: 420</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="55.[151,757,335,990]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="74T9Z" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,370,911,932]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="collapsum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,370,911,932]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Orchistoma collapsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Bouillon J." box="[404,602,911,933]" page="90" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[404,602,911,933]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" page="90" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="25 - 112" refId="ref65793" refString="Bouillon J. 1984 b. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 25 - 112." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon, 1984b: 90</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, genus transfer. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Pages F. & Flood P. & Youngbluth M." box="[245,468,939,962]" page="373" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pages" box="[245,468,939,962]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pages" page="373" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="363 - 379" refId="ref73158" refString="Pages F., Flood P. Youngbluth M. 2006. Gelatinous zooplankton net-collected in the Gulf of Maine and adjacent submarine canyons: new species, new family (Jeanbouilloniidae), taxonomic remarks and some parasites. Scientia Marina 70: 363 - 379." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Pagès
|
||
<emphasis box="[308,357,939,961]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006: 373
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 7A-C. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Gershwin L. - A., Zeidler W., Davie P. J. F." pageId="55" pageNumber="291" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gershwin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gershwin" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref68316" refString="Gershwin L. - A., Zeidler W., Davie P. J. F. 2010. Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 54 (3): 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gershwin
|
||
<emphasis box="[701,751,939,961]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 7
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="55.[151,757,1013,1838]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,381,1013,1037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Examined material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574424" accessionNumber="MW528651" collectingDate="2018-09-20" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" specimenCode="BFLA3785" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[389,514,1014,1038]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">BFLA3785</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[527,653,1014,1038]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2018-09-20">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2018-09-20">20-SEP- 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[288,376,1046,1070]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[448,582,1078,1102]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528651" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">MW528651</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574503" accessionNumber="MW528652" collectingDate="2018-10-20" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" specimenCode="BFLA3810" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[626,752,1078,1102]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">BFLA3810</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[151,281,1110,1134]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[297,450,1110,1134]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2018-10-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[297,450,1110,1134]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2018-10-20">20-OCT-2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[520,603,1110,1134]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[620,753,1142,1166]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528652" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">MW528652</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574387" accessionNumber="MW528653" collectingDate="2018-10-20" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" specimenCode="BFLA3813" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[174,299,1174,1198]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">BFLA3813</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[313,440,1174,1198]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[454,605,1174,1198]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2018-10-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[454,605,1174,1198]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2018-10-20">20-OCT-2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[671,752,1174,1198]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[151,284,1238,1262]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528653" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">MW528653</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574512" accessionNumber="MW528654" collectingDate="2018-10-20" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" specimenCode="BFLA3816" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[320,444,1238,1262]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">BFLA3816</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[459,586,1238,1262]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[600,752,1238,1262]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2018-10-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[600,752,1238,1262]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2018-10-20">20-OCT-2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[203,285,1270,1294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[312,445,1302,1326]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528654" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">MW528654</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574422" accessionNumber="MW528680" collectingDate="2019-06-11" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" specimenCode="BFLA4132" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[483,609,1302,1326]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">BFLA4132</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[623,752,1302,1326]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[151,303,1334,1358]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-06-11">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[151,303,1334,1358]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-06-11">11-JUN-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[391,483,1334,1358]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[587,721,1366,1390]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528680" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">MW528680</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574339" collectingDate="2019-08-12" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" specimenCode="BFLA4183, UF-013823" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[151,277,1398,1422]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">BFLA4183</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[293,423,1398,1422]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[439,598,1398,1422]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-08-12">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[439,598,1398,1422]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-08-12">12-AUG-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[668,752,1398,1422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[590,715,1430,1454]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">UF-013823</specimenCode>
|
||
, no alcohol sample.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574408" accessionNumber="MW528716" collectingDate="2020-05-09" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" specimenCode="BFLA4383, UF-014033" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[364,490,1462,1486]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">BFLA4383</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[506,637,1462,1486]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2020-05-09">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2020-05-09">09-MAY- 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[286,373,1494,1518]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[289,415,1526,1550]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">UF-014033</specimenCode>
|
||
, small part preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[587,721,1558,1582]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528716" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">MW528716</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574367" accessionNumber="MW528717" collectingDate="2020-05-09" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" specimenCode="BFLA4387, UF-014035" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[151,277,1590,1614]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">BFLA4387</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[293,423,1590,1614]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[439,598,1590,1614]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2020-05-09">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[439,598,1590,1614]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2020-05-09">09-MAY-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[668,752,1590,1614]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[626,752,1622,1646]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">UF-014035</specimenCode>
|
||
, part preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[265,399,1686,1710]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528717" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">MW528717</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574365" collectingDate="2017-05-05" collectingDateMax="2020-05-26" collectingDateMin="2017-05-05" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="9">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCount box="[445,588,1686,1710]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, photographed but not collected; dates
|
||
<date box="[425,578,1718,1742]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-04-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[425,578,1718,1742]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-04-10">10-APR-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[593,752,1718,1742]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2020-05-26">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[593,752,1718,1742]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2020-05-26">26-MAY-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[151,308,1750,1774]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2017-05-05">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[151,308,1750,1774]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2017-05-05">05-MAY-2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[322,473,1750,1774]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2017-10-17">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[322,473,1750,1774]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2017-10-17">17-OCT-2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[488,637,1750,1774]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2018-06-28">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[488,637,1750,1774]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2018-06-28">28-JUN-2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-03-26">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-03-26">26-MAR- 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[230,389,1782,1806]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-05-07">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[230,389,1782,1806]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-05-07">07-MAY-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[411,570,1782,1806]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-05-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[411,570,1782,1806]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2019-05-20">20-MAY-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[592,752,1782,1806]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2020-05-17">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[592,752,1782,1806]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" value="2020-05-17">17-MAY-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; sizes
|
||
<quantity box="[210,324,1814,1838]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15-30 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="55.[151,756,1861,2077]" lastBlockId="55.[832,1437,257,1092]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,311,1861,1885]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Observations:</emphasis>
|
||
Medusa bell diameter
|
||
<quantity box="[556,691,1861,1885]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 34 mm</quantity>
|
||
when mature, almost hemispherical or somewhat shallower (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,303,1925,1949]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[151,186,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-7@56.[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 34. Orchistoma pileus. (A-B) BFLA3785, bell diameter 12 mm, female. (C) BFLA4183, bell diameter 26 mm, bell margin of a mature animal, note irregular radial canals, likely due to healed damage. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male. (E) BFLA3813, bell diameter 20 mm. (F) BFLA4132, note curling of long tentacles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640038/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 34A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), evenly rounded exumbrella, mesoglea thick, jelly at apex about 2/5 of total height; with thick, tapering gastric peduncle that protrudes through velar opening. Velum broad. Stomach complex, base in centre H- or cross-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[393,540,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 35A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), then subdividing dichotomously or irregularly into elongate diverticula attached to the distal part of the gastric peduncle, walls of diverticula contain gonads and are continued on gastric peduncle as radial canals (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1286,1373,354,378]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D). Stomach wall follows the branching of the diverticula, mouth opening with complexly folded rim, mouth rim corners at position of diverticula drawn out into lips of variable length, 10 to 16 lips more elongated, sometimes also absent due to apparent damage and subsequent healing (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[936,1042,549,573]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 35F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Usually several radial canal in formation (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[958,1058,581,605]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 35E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and not reaching circular canal. Circular canal broad. Along circular canal on adaxial side numerous dark ocelli, not correlated with tentacle positions. 16 to 29 tentacles, extensible but also able to contract to short length (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1093,1188,711,735]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[151,186,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-7@56.[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 34. Orchistoma pileus. (A-B) BFLA3785, bell diameter 12 mm, female. (C) BFLA4183, bell diameter 26 mm, bell margin of a mature animal, note irregular radial canals, likely due to healed damage. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male. (E) BFLA3813, bell diameter 20 mm. (F) BFLA4132, note curling of long tentacles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640038/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 34F</figureCitation>
|
||
), tentacles not in phase with the radial canals, with distinct, ovoid tentacular bulbs that taper rapidly into tentacles, bulbs divided bilaterally by a more transparent tissue in median line (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[840,945,841,865]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[151,186,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-7@56.[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 34. Orchistoma pileus. (A-B) BFLA3785, bell diameter 12 mm, female. (C) BFLA4183, bell diameter 26 mm, bell margin of a mature animal, note irregular radial canals, likely due to healed damage. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male. (E) BFLA3813, bell diameter 20 mm. (F) BFLA4132, note curling of long tentacles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640038/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 34C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Between each pair of tentacles 4 to 12, usually around 5 to 6, short thin tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1322,1424,873,897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[151,186,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-7@56.[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 34. Orchistoma pileus. (A-B) BFLA3785, bell diameter 12 mm, female. (C) BFLA4183, bell diameter 26 mm, bell margin of a mature animal, note irregular radial canals, likely due to healed damage. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male. (E) BFLA3813, bell diameter 20 mm. (F) BFLA4132, note curling of long tentacles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640038/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 34C</figureCitation>
|
||
), these secondary tentacles arise from circular canal, proximal half adnate to or embedded in umbrella, free part with nematocysts, contractile. Colours: stomach and diverticula with gonads can be brown-yellow in some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1026,1189,1035,1059]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 35B, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), otherwise whitish or with a yellow hue (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1036,1169,1067,1092]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 35D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="55.[832,1437,1115,1301]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,950,1115,1139]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">16S Data:</emphasis>
|
||
The seven haplotypes found showed high divergence rates (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1043,1135,1147,1172]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The sequences form a monophyletic group in the maximum likelihood tree (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[839,918,1212,1236]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="45.[153,188,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[199,1370,677,1924]" captionTargetId="graphics-159@45.[199,969,686,1866]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Fig. 28. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetictree of Laodiceidae,Hebellidae,and Orchistomatidae,obtainedwith PhyML (GTR+G+I model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%).All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640020/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
) but fell into two well separated subclades with relatively high divergence (up to 8.1%,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1270,1351,1245,1269]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), while the differences within the subclades are low.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="55.[832,1436,1324,1543]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,981,1324,1348]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Western Atlantic from Maine (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pages" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pages" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="363 - 379" refId="ref73158" refString="Pages F., Flood P. Youngbluth M. 2006. Gelatinous zooplankton net-collected in the Gulf of Maine and adjacent submarine canyons: new species, new family (Jeanbouilloniidae), taxonomic remarks and some parasites. Scientia Marina 70: 363 - 379." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Pagès
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[979,1044,1357,1381]" name="Brazil" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goy" box="[1062,1181,1357,1381]" firstAuthor="Goy" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="263 - 296" refId="ref68549" refString="Goy J. 1979. Campagne de la Calypso au large des cotes Atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). 35. Meduses. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique 55 (Suppl.): 263 - 296." type="journal article" year="1979">Goy, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but mainly
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1332,1433,1357,1381]" name="Bahamas" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Florida and Caribbean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[1122,1294,1389,1414]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vanhoffen" firstAuthor="Vanhoffen" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="413 - 432" refId="ref75949" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1913 a. Ueber Westindische Medusen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 11 (3): 413 - 432." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">Vanhöffen, 1913a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[916,1060,1422,1446]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[1075,1236,1422,1446]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Gulf of Mexico (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Segura-Puertas" box="[839,1180,1454,1478]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Segura-Puertas" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="369 - 379" refId="ref74921" refString="Segura-Puertas L., Celis L., Chiaverano L. 2009. Medusozoans (Cnidaria: Cubozoa, Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa) of The Gulf of Mexico (pp. 369 - 379). In: Felder D. L, Camp D. K. (eds), Gulf of Mexico - Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. vol. 1. Texas A & M University Press, College Station, Texas." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Segura-Puertas
|
||
<emphasis box="[1026,1095,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), also Mediterranean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[839,1023,1487,1511]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="25 - 112" refId="ref65793" refString="Bouillon J. 1984 b. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 25 - 112." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon, 1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and coast of Western Africa.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1383,1436,1487,1511]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: West Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[1065,1224,1519,1543]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="55.[832,1437,1567,2077]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,946,1567,1591]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Although the 16S data showed that our material separates in two lineages that might qualify as two distinct species (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1066,1150,1631,1656]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1168,1250,1631,1656]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="45.[153,188,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[199,1370,677,1924]" captionTargetId="graphics-159@45.[199,969,686,1866]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Fig. 28. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetictree of Laodiceidae,Hebellidae,and Orchistomatidae,obtainedwith PhyML (GTR+G+I model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%).All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640020/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
), we referred all our samples to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[994,1189,1664,1688]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[994,1189,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Orchistoma pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="55.[832,1437,1567,2077]" lastBlockId="58.[151,757,257,2076]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[832,1028,1696,1720]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,1028,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Orchistoma pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lesson" box="[1276,1432,1696,1720]" firstAuthor="Lesson" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" refId="ref70636" refString="Lesson R. P. 1843. Histoire naturelle des zoophytes. Acalephes. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 596 pp. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4799" type="book" year="1843">Lesson (1843)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, presumably based on a specimen from western Africa (as “mers d’Afrique?”). Lesson’s drawing was rather simple, but the species is recognizable. He did not show the small tentacles and there are about 30 normal tentacles or their bulbs depicted.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" box="[1063,1231,1858,1883]" firstAuthor="Haeckel" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
restricted the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1390,1436,1859,1883]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality to Western Africa and described concomitantly
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[832,985,1924,1947]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,985,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">O. steenstrupi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on material from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1265,1325,1923,1947]" name="Cuba" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1390,1436,1924,1948]" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[971,1128,1956,1979]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[971,1128,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">O. steenstrupi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was later re-examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[832,998,1988,2012]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="149 - 168" refId="ref69724" refString="Kramp P. L. 1955 a. A revision of Ernst Haeckel's determinations of a collection of Medusae belonging to the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Deep Sea Research 3: 149 - 168." type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="a">Kramp (1955a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1181,1280,1988,2012]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1181,1280,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">O. pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as it matched
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer's" box="[832,997,2021,2045]" firstAuthor="Mayer's" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer’s (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of this species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[1290,1437,2021,2045]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="55" pageNumber="291" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had material from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1046,1188,2053,2077]" name="Bahamas" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1250,1346,2053,2077]" name="Haiti" pageId="55" pageNumber="291">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Kramp gives the tentacle number as 64, which must be meant as a maximal number because the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[490,536,289,313]" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of Lesson had only 30.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640038/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="292" startId="56.[151,186,1994,2016]" targetBox="[167,1420,257,1950]" targetPageId="56">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="56.[151,1436,1994,2074]" pageId="56" pageNumber="292">
|
||
Fig. 34.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[238,415,1994,2015]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="292" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,415,1994,2015]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="292">Orchistoma pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A-B) BFLA3785, bell diameter 12 mm, female. (C) BFLA4183, bell diameter 26 mm, bell margin of a mature animal, note irregular radial canals, likely due to healed damage. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male. (E) BFLA3813, bell diameter 20 mm. (F) BFLA4132, note curling of long tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="293" startId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" targetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" targetPageId="57">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="57.[151,1437,1803,1940]" pageId="57" pageNumber="293">
|
||
Fig. 35.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[238,417,1803,1824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="57" pageNumber="293" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,417,1803,1824]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="293">Orchistoma pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1027,1159,1803,1824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="57" pageNumber="293" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="collapsum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1027,1159,1803,1824]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="293">O. collapsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="58.[151,757,257,2076]" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,410,352,376]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Tetracannota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="collapsum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,410,352,376]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Tetracannota collapsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[608,756,352,376]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
using medusae from the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[416,509,384,408]" name="Haiti" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[563,664,383,407]" name="Bahamas" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Despite the strong resemblance to
|
||
<emphasis box="[449,581,415,439]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[449,577,415,439]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Orchistoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
he placed it in a separate genus because it had visibly branched radial canals. His animals were mature but had only 16 tentacles at a size of
|
||
<quantity box="[287,352,510,533]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
and only 8 manubrial lips. Mayer’s branched radial canals are actually the same structure as here described for the stomach diverticula, only that the radial canals showed a grouping into four sets close to the manubrium, but more distally they are evenly distributed (comp.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[359,461,667,691]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Fig. 35A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vanhoffen" box="[553,756,667,691]" firstAuthor="Vanhoffen" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" pagination="413 - 432" refId="ref75949" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1913 a. Ueber Westindische Medusen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 11 (3): 413 - 432." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">Vanhöffen (1913a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found Mayer’s species in the West Indies and noted that it is more variable than given in Mayer. Vanhöffen found them to have 16 manubrial lips beginning at a size of
|
||
<quantity box="[151,216,793,817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="58.[151,757,257,2076]" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">
|
||
Another nominal species resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[590,698,824,848]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[590,698,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Keller" box="[295,441,856,880]" firstAuthor="Keller" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref69492" refString="Keller C. 1884. Mittheilungen uber Medusen. Recueil zoologique Suisse 1: 403 - 422, pl. 21." type="journal article" year="1884">Keller (1884)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<emphasis box="[478,757,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Keller" authorityYear="1884" box="[478,753,856,880]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agariciforme">Orchistoma agariciforme</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
He had a single mature medusa from the Mediterranean with only 7 manubrial lips, but which was otherwise similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[269,370,950,974]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[269,370,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[387,577,950,974]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" pagination="25 - 112" refId="ref65793" refString="Bouillon J. 1984 b. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 25 - 112." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon (1984b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described more specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Keller" authorityYear="1884" box="[307,483,982,1006]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agariciforme">
|
||
<emphasis box="[307,483,982,1006]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. agariciforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Mediterranean and considerably widened its morphological scope, notably he observed that the number of the manubrial lips was usually 16. Bouillon concludes that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Keller" authorityYear="1884" box="[584,756,1076,1100]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agariciforme">
|
||
<emphasis box="[584,756,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. agariciforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very close to both
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[366,461,1108,1132]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[366,461,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[510,659,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[510,655,1108,1132]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Tetracannota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="collapsum">O. collapsum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
He gives as distinguishing traits that in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[494,641,1139,1163]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Tetracannota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="collapsum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[494,641,1139,1163]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. collapsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the radial canals remain in four groups near the manubrium even in adults and it has shorter manubrial lips.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Orchistoma pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by attaining a larger size of up to
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30 to 40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with up to 32 manubrial lips and radial canals as well as up to 64 marginal tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="58.[151,757,257,2076]" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gershwin" box="[151,401,1328,1352]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gershwin" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref68316" refString="Gershwin L. - A., Zeidler W., Davie P. J. F. 2010. Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 54 (3): 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gershwin
|
||
<emphasis box="[265,321,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
favoured splitting and retention of all these nominal species, even of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[556,707,1360,1383]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[556,707,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. steenstrupi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but used outdated values for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Keller" authorityYear="1884" box="[418,589,1391,1415]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agariciforme">
|
||
<emphasis box="[418,589,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. agariciforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their table.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="58.[151,757,257,2076]" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">
|
||
The material we examined in this study was very variable and referable to either
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[392,488,1454,1478]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[392,488,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Keller" authorityYear="1884" box="[539,711,1454,1478]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agariciforme">
|
||
<emphasis box="[539,711,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. agariciforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and we think these names should be synonymized, including also
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[201,350,1517,1541]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[201,350,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. steenstrupi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[402,545,1517,1541]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Tetracannota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="collapsum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[402,545,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. collapsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="58.[151,757,257,2076]" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">
|
||
While we had no specimen that exactly matched
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,303,1580,1604]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Tetracannota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="collapsum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,303,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. collapsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[517,667,1580,1605]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer (1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[687,744,1580,1604]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), BFLA4383 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[294,394,1611,1636]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Fig. 35E</figureCitation>
|
||
) comes close to it in terms of tentacle and lip numbers. We nevertheless think that this nominal species was based on growth stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[654,750,1674,1698]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[654,750,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Gonads mature in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[350,447,1706,1730]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[350,447,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at a size of less than
|
||
<quantity box="[680,755,1706,1730]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
bell size (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[254,352,1737,1762]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[151,186,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-7@56.[167,1420,257,1950]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 34. Orchistoma pileus. (A-B) BFLA3785, bell diameter 12 mm, female. (C) BFLA4183, bell diameter 26 mm, bell margin of a mature animal, note irregular radial canals, likely due to healed damage. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male. (E) BFLA3813, bell diameter 20 mm. (F) BFLA4132, note curling of long tentacles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640038/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the medusa continues its growth and the multiplication of radial canals and tentacles. Manubrial lips numbers and sizes are variable, usually there are about 16 somewhat longer lips. The lips can be damaged and regenerated and their number is not a reliable diagnostic feature (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[439,533,1895,1919]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Fig. 35F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In general
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[661,756,1895,1919]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[661,756,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears as a rather variable species, mostly due to a long growth and different developmental stages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="58.[151,757,257,2076]" lastBlockId="58.[831,1437,257,881]" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">
|
||
This synonymy appears to be to some degree in conflict with the DNA data obtained in this study because the 16S sequences separate into two distinct lineages, although they are sister lineages (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1115,1201,257,281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="45.[153,188,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[199,1370,677,1924]" captionTargetId="graphics-159@45.[199,969,686,1866]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Fig. 28. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetictree of Laodiceidae,Hebellidae,and Orchistomatidae,obtainedwith PhyML (GTR+G+I model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%).All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640020/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). We could not find convincing morphological traits that would allow to identify the lineages, except that in one the manubrium and gonads are brownish-yellow while in the other they are whitish (compare
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1087,1278,383,407]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Fig. 35E & 35F</figureCitation>
|
||
versus 35G). BFLA4383 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[966,1058,415,439]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Fig. 35E</figureCitation>
|
||
) was also in this “yellow” clade and was mentioned above as being close to the morphotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[864,1011,478,502]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Tetracannota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="collapsum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,1011,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. collapsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the other sample from this “yellow” clade (BFLA4132,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1159,1257,509,534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[151,186,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-4@57.[151,1435,257,1746]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 35. Orchistoma pileus. (A-D) Stomach details. (A) Young animal without gonads, O. collapsum stage, oral view, photo 10- APR-2019. (B) BFLA4183, mature female, bell diameter 26 mm, reticulate radial canals are likely due to a healed damage. (C) BFLA3785, bell size 12 mm, subadult female. (D) BFLA3810, bell diameter 18 mm, male, view from aboral side, note branching of radial canals (stomach diverticula), originating from a H-shaped figure, compare to A. (E) BFLA4383, size 15 mm. (F) BFLA4132, size 34 mm, manubrium likely damaged and in process of regeneration. (G) BFLA4387, size 18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640040/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Fig. 35F</figureCitation>
|
||
) is referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[831,928,541,565]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Orchistomatidae" genus="Orchistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pileus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,928,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">O. pileus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="58.[831,1437,257,881]" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">At this stage we cannot resolve the problem of the two lineages. The difference in colour could also be a random result due to low sample numbers. If it can be confirmed by a more detailed genetic analysis of more samples that indeed two species are involved, the two lineages are likely not separable so that they correspond to the nominal species synonymized here.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="58.[831,1437,257,881]" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">
|
||
The high genetic subdivision is reminiscent to the one observed above for
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1041,1287,826,850]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1041,1287,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Zancleopsis dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forbes & Godsir" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Laodicea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="58" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="294">Laodicea undulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |