699 lines
83 KiB
XML
699 lines
83 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B310055FED9FA09FE7E7F0B" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Aequorea neocyanea" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="301" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="297" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>128</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>237</mods:start>
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<mods:end>356</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0049</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5639938</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5718503" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5718503" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B310055FED9FA09FE7E7F0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B310055FED9FA09FE7E7F0B" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="301" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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<subSubSection box="[278,629,1439,1463]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="61.[278,629,1439,1495]" box="[278,629,1439,1463]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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<heading bold="true" box="[278,629,1439,1463]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[278,629,1439,1463]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8RW6J" ID-ENA="2805980" authority="Schuchert & Collins, 2021" box="[278,508,1439,1463]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="neocyanea">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[278,508,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Aequorea neocyanea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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new name
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[397,510,1471,1495]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="61.[278,629,1439,1495]" box="[397,510,1471,1495]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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<figureCitation box="[397,471,1471,1495]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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A-I
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="61.[151,756,1518,1803]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8RFRW" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862: 361" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="361" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,596,1518,1540]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Zygodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyanea">
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<emphasis box="[151,351,1518,1539]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Zygodactyla cyanea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation author="Agassiz L." box="[363,596,1518,1540]" page="361" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" year="1862">
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L.
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<bibRefCitation author="Agassiz A." box="[395,596,1518,1540]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" refId="ref64002" refString="Agassiz A. 1862. In: Agassiz L. 1862." title="Agassiz L" type="book chapter" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862: 361</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. [not
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<taxonomicName authority="de Blainville, 1834" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1834" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyanea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Aequorea cyanea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="de Blainville" box="[301,486,1546,1569]" firstAuthor="de Blainville" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref67531" refString="De Blainville H. M. D. 1834. Manuel d'actinologie ou de zoophytologie, 2 vols. F. G. Levrault, Paris, 695 pp., pls 1 - 99." type="book chapter" year="1834">de Blainville, 1834</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
]
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="61.[151,756,1518,1803]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8RFRW" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,344,1576,1598]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Zygodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyanea">
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<emphasis box="[151,344,1576,1598]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Zygodactyla cyanea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Agassiz A." box="[372,558,1576,1598]" page="107" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" year="1865">
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<bibRefCitation author="Agassiz" box="[372,558,1576,1598]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" page="107" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref64014" refString="Agassiz A. 1865. North American Acalephae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 2: 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1865">Agassiz, 1865: 107</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 159. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Haeckel E." page="227" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel" firstAuthor="Haeckel" page="227" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref68751" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: I-XX, 1 - 360, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 227</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[364,532,1605,1627]" page="60" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[364,532,1605,1627]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="60" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer, 1900: 60</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 11 fig. 23 & 23a, pl. 15 figs 33-34. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[414,574,1635,1656]" page="17" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[414,574,1635,1656]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="17" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref71625" refString="Mayer A. G. 1904. Medusae of the Bahamas. Memoirs of Natural Sciences / Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 1 (1): 1 - 33, pls 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1904">Mayer, 1904: 17</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 3 figs 16-17.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="61.[151,756,1518,1803]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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in part
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="64YV8" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[224,414,1664,1685]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">
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<emphasis box="[224,414,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Aequorea forskalea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[450,627,1664,1686]" page="325" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" year="1910">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[450,627,1664,1686]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="325" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 325</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[640,736,1664,1685]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Zygodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyanea">
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<emphasis box="[640,736,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Z. cyanea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
as synonym.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="61.[151,756,1518,1803]" box="[151,743,1722,1744]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,743,1722,1744]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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||
?
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||
<taxonomicName box="[168,423,1722,1744]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Mesonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coelum-pensile">
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||
<emphasis box="[168,423,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Mesonema coelum-pensile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. –
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Vanhoffen E." box="[453,674,1722,1744]" page="425" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" year="1913">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Vanhoffen" box="[453,674,1722,1744]" firstAuthor="Vanhoffen" page="425" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="413 - 432" refId="ref75949" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1913 a. Ueber Westindische Medusen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 11 (3): 413 - 432." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">Vanhöffen, 1913a: 425</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. C.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="61.[151,756,1518,1803]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
|
||
?
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||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="64Z6Y" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[169,400,1751,1773]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrodactyla">
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<emphasis box="[169,400,1751,1773]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Aequorea macrodactyla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4512995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4512995" author="Nogueira jun. M., Brandini F. P., Haddad M. A." box="[432,643,1751,1773]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F6387A9FF7FE2DB85D8FBB7DE146051" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation author="Nogueira" box="[432,643,1751,1773]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nogueira" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="737 - 742" refId="ref72954" refString="Nogueira jun. M., Brandini F. P., Haddad M. A. 2016. First record of the hydromedusa Aequorea macrodactyla (Leptothecata: Aequoreidae) in Brazilian waters. Marine Biodiversity 46 (3): 737 - 742. DOI: 10.1007 / s 12526 - 015 - 0421 - x" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Nogueira
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<emphasis box="[529,572,1751,1773]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">et al</emphasis>
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., 2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
: fig. 1. [not
|
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<taxonomicName authority="(Brandt, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[227,606,1780,1803]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrodactyla">
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||
<emphasis box="[227,456,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Aequorea macrodactyla</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Brandt" box="[469,599,1780,1803]" firstAuthor="Brandt" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="201 - 275" refId="ref66169" refString="Brandt J. F. 1834 - 1835. Prodromus descriptionis animalium ab H. Mertensio in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione observatorum. Fascic. I., Polypos, Acalephas Discophoras et Siphonophoras, nec non Echinodermata continens / auctore, Johanne Friderico Brandt. Recueil des Actes des seances publiques de l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg 1834: 201 - 275." type="journal article" year="1835">Brandt, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="61.[151,756,1826,2077]" lastBlockId="61.[832,1437,257,1180]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,378,1826,1850]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574323" accessionNumber="MW528633" collectingDate="2018-09-18" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="BFLA3783, UF-013449" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[387,513,1826,1850]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">BFLA3783</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[526,652,1826,1850]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2018-09-18">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2018-09-18">18-SEP- 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[286,373,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[451,578,1891,1915]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">UF-013449</specimenCode>
|
||
, part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[593,724,1923,1947]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528633" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">MW528633</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574501" accessionNumber="MW528634" collectingDate="2018-10-25" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="BFLA3822, UF-013427" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[151,277,1956,1980]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">BFLA3822</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[294,425,1956,1980]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[443,596,1956,1980]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2018-10-25">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[443,596,1956,1980]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2018-10-25">25-OCT-2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[668,752,1956,1980]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[189,316,2021,2045]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">UF-013427</specimenCode>
|
||
, part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[312,445,2053,2077]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528634" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">MW528634</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574454" accessionNumber="MW528635" collectingDate="2018-11-14" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="BFLA3827, UF-013435" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[483,608,2053,2077]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">BFLA3827</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[623,752,2053,2077]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[832,988,257,281]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2018-11-14">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[832,988,257,281]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2018-11-14">14-NOV-2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1048,1127,257,281]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1144,1270,289,313]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">UF-013435</specimenCode>
|
||
, part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[1267,1402,321,345]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528635" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">MW528635</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574331" accessionNumber="MW528636" collectingDate="2019-04-01" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="BFLA4043, UF-013436" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[832,958,354,378]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">BFLA4043</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[974,1105,354,378]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[1122,1276,354,378]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2019-04-01">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1122,1276,354,378]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2019-04-01">01-APR-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1348,1432,353,377]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[869,996,418,442]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">UF-013436</specimenCode>
|
||
, part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[993,1125,450,474]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528636" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">MW528636</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574508" accessionNumber="MW528669" collectingDate="2019-05-07" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="BFLA4082, UF-013787" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1164,1289,450,474]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">BFLA4082</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1304,1433,450,474]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[832,990,482,506]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2019-05-07">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[832,990,482,506]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2019-05-07">07-MAY-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1050,1127,482,506]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1144,1269,514,538]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">UF-013787</specimenCode>
|
||
, part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[1267,1401,546,570]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528669" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">MW528669</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574484" accessionNumber="MW528670" collectingDate="2019-05-07" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="BFLA4083, UF-013788" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[832,958,578,602]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">BFLA4083</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[973,1104,578,602]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[1120,1279,578,602]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2019-05-07">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1120,1279,578,602]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2019-05-07">07-MAY-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1349,1432,578,602]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[869,996,643,667]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">UF-013788</specimenCode>
|
||
, part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[993,1126,675,699]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528670" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">MW528670</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574377" accessionNumber="MW528671" collectingDate="2019-05-07" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="BFLA4085, UF-013789" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1164,1289,675,699]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">BFLA4085</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1304,1433,675,699]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[832,990,707,731]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2019-05-07">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[832,990,707,731]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2019-05-07">07-MAY-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1050,1127,707,731]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1144,1269,739,763]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">UF-013789</specimenCode>
|
||
, part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[1267,1401,771,795]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528671" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">MW528671</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574488" accessionNumber="MW528689" collectingDate="2019-10-21" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="BFLA4236, UF-013844" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[832,957,803,827]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">BFLA4236</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[974,1106,803,827]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[1123,1276,803,827]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2019-10-21">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1123,1276,803,827]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2019-10-21">21-OCT-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1348,1432,803,827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[869,996,867,891]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">UF-013844</specimenCode>
|
||
, part in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[993,1125,899,923]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528689" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">MW528689</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574507" collectingDate="2020-01-15" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" specimenCode="BFLA4304, UF-013881" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1164,1289,900,924]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">BFLA4304</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1304,1433,899,924]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[832,982,931,955]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2020-01-15">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[832,982,931,955]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2020-01-15">15-JAN-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1044,1123,932,956]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with gonads; part preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1186,1313,964,988]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">UF-013881</specimenCode>
|
||
, no tissue sample.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574354" collectingDate="2017-02-08" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCount box="[947,1072,996,1020]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
photographed
|
||
<date box="[1239,1389,996,1020]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2017-02-08">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1239,1389,996,1020]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2017-02-08">08-FEB-2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, not collected; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1003,1100,1028,1052]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with developed gonads.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574494" collectingDate="2020-06-06" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
photographed
|
||
<date box="[1112,1263,1060,1084]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2020-06-06">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1112,1263,1060,1084]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" value="2020-06-06">06-JUN-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, not collected; size
|
||
<quantity box="[880,957,1092,1116]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with developed gonads.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[832,1437,257,1180]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">The formalin samples are mostly strongly fragmented and damaged.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[832,1437,1203,1420]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,960,1204,1228]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Taxonomy:</emphasis>
|
||
In order to avoid a secondary homonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="de Blainville, 1834" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1834" box="[888,1298,1236,1260]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyanea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[888,1077,1236,1259]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Aequorea cyanea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Blainville" box="[1086,1298,1236,1260]" firstAuthor="de Blainville" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref67531" refString="De Blainville H. M. D. 1834. Manuel d'actinologie ou de zoophytologie, 2 vols. F. G. Levrault, Paris, 695 pp., pls 1 - 99." type="book chapter" year="1834">de Blainville, 1834</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we propose here the replacement name
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1157,1390,1268,1291]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="neocyanea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1157,1390,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Aequorea neocyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[832,1299,1300,1324]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Zygodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyanea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,1064,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Zygodactyla cyanea</emphasis>
|
||
L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Agassiz A." box="[1127,1299,1300,1324]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" refId="ref64002" refString="Agassiz A. 1862. In: Agassiz L. 1862." title="Agassiz L" type="book chapter" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Brandt, 1838" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1838" genus="Zygonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1323,1436,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Zygonema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brandt" box="[832,982,1332,1356]" firstAuthor="Brandt" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="237 - 412" refId="ref66277" refString="Brandt J. F. 1838. Ausfuhrliche Beschreibung der von C. H. Mertens auf seiner Weltumsegelung beobachteten Schwimmquallen. Memoires de l'Academie imperiale des sciences de St. - Petersbourg (6) 2: 237 - 412." type="journal article" year="1838">Brandt, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Peron & Lesueur, 1810" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1216,1320,1332,1355]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Aequorea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peron & Lesueur" firstAuthor="Peron" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="325 - 366" refId="ref73347" refString="Peron F., Lesueur C. A. 1810. Tableau des caracteres generiques et specifiques de toutes les especes de meduses connues jusqu'a ce jour. Annales du Museum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris 14: 325 - 366. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3498981" type="journal article" year="1810">Péron & Lesueur, 1810</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ranson" box="[1006,1160,1364,1388]" firstAuthor="Ranson" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" pagination="121 - 158" refId="ref73970" refString="Ranson G. 1949. Meduses. In: Resultats scientifiques des croisieres du Navire ecole belge " Mercator ", IV. Memoirs of the Royal Institute of Natural Sciences of Belgium: second series. 33: 121 - 158." type="journal article" year="1949">Ranson, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Agassiz’
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1328,1436,1365,1388]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Zygodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyanea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1328,1436,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Z. cyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[1071,1174,1396,1419]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1071,1174,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Aequorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[832,1437,1443,2078]" lastBlockId="64.[151,757,257,865]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,993,1443,1467]" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Observations:</emphasis>
|
||
Typical
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[1100,1204,1444,1467]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1100,1204,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Aequorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
medusae, diameters of animals with well developed gonads
|
||
<quantity box="[1272,1432,1475,1500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50 to 100 mm</quantity>
|
||
, sizes of animals without gonads (juveniles) up to
|
||
<quantity box="[832,949,1540,1564]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30-40 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Umbrella in fully grown animals relatively flat (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[883,985,1572,1596]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Fig. 38A</figureCitation>
|
||
), about 1/4 of diameter, in younger ones more spherical. Stomach large, diameter 1/2 of bell diameter, with shallow jelly cone inside. Mouth rim with short fimbriae only (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1144,1253,1668,1692]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Fig. 38G</figureCitation>
|
||
), same number as radial canals, continued centrifugally as fine rib or streak on stomach and then as radial canal. Radial canals in mature animals 25 to 100, more commonly 60 to 80, lower number might also be due to regeneration from fragments. A few (2-4) incomplete radial canals growing centrifugally can be present, also irregularities like fusions or branching, but these likely of traumatic origin. Gonads along radial canals, spanning from almost the beginning to a short distance from circular canal (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[909,991,1989,2013]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B), bilamellar, when fully developed large and hanging into subumbrella like a curtain, walls much folded or undulated (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1153,1262,2053,2078]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="297">Fig. 38A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fully formed tentacles 21 to 50, additionally some small ones or mere bulbs that will likely later also develop into tentacles. Observed ratios of radial canals to fully formed tentacles 1.0-3.0. Tentacles in life nearly always with a swollen base (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[309,506,387,411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Fig. 38C, E, F, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) degree of swelling is apparently modifiable and could depend on environment or physiological state as once the animal is preserved the swelling is much reduced (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[481,571,484,508]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Fig. 38I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Regularly there is a faint abaxial keel, often emphasized or feigned by a whitish line on median of abaxial side (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Fig. 38E, F, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) caused by an accumulation of nematocysts, this line only visible in living animals. In swollen bulbs abaxial side or keel often elongated into abaxial spur (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[651,727,646,670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
A- D), in preserved material much less visible or absent. Excretory papillae absent, excretory pores could not be found reliably in the preserved material. Four or more statocysts (up to 14) between two tentacles or bulbs, 2-3 statoliths per statocyst. Colours: unpigmented, very well grown specimens with a pink hue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710582" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5710582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710582/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="298" startId="62.[151,186,1856,1878]" targetBox="[15,1554,355,1627]" targetPageId="62">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="62.[151,1437,1856,2022]" pageId="62" pageNumber="298">
|
||
Fig. 37. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[770,862,1856,1877]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="62" pageNumber="298" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[770,862,1856,1877]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="298">Aequorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related genera obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) using about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). Sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study, for the taxa in bold either a voucher specimen or photos of it have been examined. Notes: *1) Unpublished, L. Leclère, pers. comm. *2) See Material & Methods. *3) Could be a misidentification. *4) Unpublished, A. Hosia & L. Martell, pers. comm., see Fig. 39A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="299" startId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" targetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" targetPageId="63">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="63.[151,1437,1939,2076]" pageId="63" pageNumber="299">
|
||
Fig. 38.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[238,441,1940,1961]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="63" pageNumber="299" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="neocyanea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,441,1940,1961]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="299">Aequorea neocyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="300" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,756,888,1172]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,273,888,912]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">16S data:</emphasis>
|
||
The eight haplotypes had a range of divergences of 0.3-2.1 % (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[475,567,921,945]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
, intrapopulation variation). A maximum likelihood tree of the partial 16S sequence (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[329,416,986,1010]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,186,1856,1878]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@62.[13,1261,360,1585]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 37. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the genus Aequorea and related genera obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) using about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). Sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study, for the taxa in bold either a voucher specimen or photos of it have been examined. Notes: *1) Unpublished, L. Leclère, pers. comm. *2) See Material & Methods. *3) Could be a misidentification. *4) Unpublished, A. Hosia & L. Martell, pers. comm., see Fig. 39A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710582/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
) yielded a diverse but welldefined clade for this species. Its sister clade comprises two samples from the Mediterranean diverging in 3.7- 5.2% of their aligned bases (see discussion below). No relationship to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[321,456,1115,1139]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[321,456,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">A. forskalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[546,727,1115,1139]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,727,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">A. macrodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is evident though.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="300" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,756,1195,1285]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,301,1195,1219]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Florida,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[414,516,1195,1219]" name="Bermuda" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, perhaps also
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[690,756,1195,1219]" name="Brazil" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and even Mediterranean (see below).
|
||
<typeStatus box="[599,652,1228,1252]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Atlantic Ocean,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[325,381,1260,1284]" name="United States of America" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[392,472,1260,1284]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Key West.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="301" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,756,1308,2078]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,264,1308,1332]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
We think that the present material most likely belongs to the same species identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[609,752,1340,1364]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer (1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[151,206,1372,1396]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref71625" refString="Mayer A. G. 1904. Medusae of the Bahamas. Memoirs of Natural Sciences / Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 1 (1): 1 - 33, pls 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<emphasis box="[256,480,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[256,476,1372,1396]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Zygodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyanea">Zygodactyla cyanea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
although there are some differences.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[286,504,1405,1429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Zygodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyanea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[286,504,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Zygodactyla cyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first described by L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Agassiz A." box="[185,354,1437,1461]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" refId="ref64002" refString="Agassiz A. 1862. In: Agassiz L. 1862." title="Agassiz L" type="book chapter" year="1862">Agassiz (1862)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on animals from Key West, Florida. His brief description was later expanded (A.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Agassiz" box="[192,347,1502,1526]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref64014" refString="Agassiz A. 1865. North American Acalephae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 2: 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1865">Agassiz, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and a figure of a fully-grown animal provided.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Agassiz" box="[263,430,1534,1558]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref64014" refString="Agassiz A. 1865. North American Acalephae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 2: 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1865">Agassiz (1865)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported it in great numbers along the Florida Reef.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[452,606,1567,1591]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer (1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[628,683,1567,1591]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref71625" refString="Mayer A. G. 1904. Medusae of the Bahamas. Memoirs of Natural Sciences / Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 1 (1): 1 - 33, pls 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) then added more details using material from Florida and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,293,1632,1656]" name="Bahamas" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, notably also figures of the tentacle bulbs and of younger stages. As Mayer was a collaborator of A. Agassiz, his identification was certainly discussed with the latter. In his 1910 monograph, Mayer then synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[302,409,1762,1785]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Zygodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyanea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[302,409,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Z. cyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Peron & Lesueur, 1810" authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[474,684,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Aequorea forskalea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peron & Lesueur" firstAuthor="Peron" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="325 - 366" refId="ref73347" refString="Peron F., Lesueur C. A. 1810. Tableau des caracteres generiques et specifiques de toutes les especes de meduses connues jusqu'a ce jour. Annales du Museum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris 14: 325 - 366. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3498981" type="journal article" year="1810">Péron & Lesueur, 1810</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without further discussion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,756,1308,2078]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
Our material matches more
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[460,567,1827,1850]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Zygodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyanea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[460,567,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Z. cyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[608,752,1826,1851]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer (1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[151,206,1859,1883]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref71625" refString="Mayer A. G. 1904. Medusae of the Bahamas. Memoirs of Natural Sciences / Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 1 (1): 1 - 33, pls 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and not
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[306,435,1859,1883]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[306,435,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">A. forskalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the following reasons:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,756,1308,2078]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
1) Mayer found it as very common off the coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[189,266,1923,1947]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and in our study it was likewise a frequent medusa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640046" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640046/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" startId="64.[831,866,1968,1990]" targetBox="[831,1436,1138,1915]" targetPageId="64">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="64.[831,1437,1968,2076]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
Fig. 39.
|
||
<emphasis box="[918,1112,1968,1989]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[918,1109,1968,1989]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">Aequorea forskalea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Living medusa from Norway, bell margin seen from oral side. Photo courtesy of Luis Martell, sample HYPNO 772. (B) Preserved sample from the Mediterranean, MHNG-INVE-0055261.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,756,1308,2078]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
2) The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[237,283,1989,2013]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is in the same region and connected by the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[262,311,2021,2045]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Gulf</collectingRegion>
|
||
stream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,756,1308,2078]" lastBlockId="64.[831,1437,257,1081]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
3) Mayer describes and depicts the tentacle bulbs with an abaxial spur, but incorrectly identified it as an exumbrellar excretory papilla (which is unknown in hydromedusae). This corresponds to the bulbs we found (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[951,1034,353,378]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
), although this trait is not a unique diagnostic feature for the species as it occurs also in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[905,1094,418,442]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis box="[905,997,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Aequora</emphasis>
|
||
spec. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below) and others, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bouillon, 1984" authorityName="Bouillon" authorityYear="1984" box="[869,1168,449,474]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="krampi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,983,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">A. krampi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon J." box="[996,1168,449,474]" journalOrPublisher="Indo-Malayan Zoology" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="1 - 24" part="1" refId="ref65749" refString="Bouillon J. 1984 a. Revision de la famille des Phialuciidae (Kramp, 1955) (Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria), avec un essai de classification des Thecatae-Leptomedusae. Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 1 - 24." title="Revision de la famille des Phialuciidae (Kramp, 1955) (Leptomedusae, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria), avec un essai de classification des Thecatae-Leptomedusae" type="journal article" year="1984">Bouillon, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[1185,1401,449,473]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1185,1401,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Aequorea forskalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in current understanding has evenly tapering, not much swollen tentacle bases (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1121,1201,513,538]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="64.[831,866,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[831,1436,1138,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-688@64.[831,1436,1138,1915]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Fig. 39. Aequorea forskalea. (A) Living medusa from Norway, bell margin seen from oral side. Photo courtesy of Luis Martell, sample HYPNO 772. (B) Preserved sample from the Mediterranean, MHNG-INVE-0055261." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640046/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="64.[831,1437,257,1081]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
4) The mature animals examined genetically had diameters of
|
||
<quantity box="[1006,1104,577,601]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 6 cm</quantity>
|
||
, a stomach width of 1/2 the bell diameter, and up to 100 radial canals, thus matching Agassiz’ and Mayer’s values.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="64.[831,1437,257,1081]" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
There are also traits that do not match. Notably our maximum tentacle number was about 50 and the ratio of radial canals to tentacles usually in the region of 2. Mayer gives up to 100 tentacles and a ratio of 1. These traits are known to be very variable in this genus and should be used with caution to separate species. Moreover, we found that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[882,985,866,889]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[882,985,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Aequorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
medusae often get fragmented and then reconstituted themselves. This vegetative reproduction via fission could account for much of the variation seen in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[898,1001,962,985]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[898,1001,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">Aequorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stretch & King" box="[1057,1288,961,986]" firstAuthor="Stretch" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="522 - 526" refId="ref75219" refString="Stretch J. J., King J. M. 1980. Direct fission: an undescribed reproductive method in Hydromedusae. Bulletin of Marine Science 30: 522 - 526." type="journal article" year="1980">Stretch & King, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="64.[831,1437,257,1081]" lastBlockId="65.[151,757,257,1835]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="301" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">
|
||
Contrary to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[983,1144,994,1018]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we think that Agassiz’ medusa should be kept distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[1246,1378,1025,1049]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="64" pageNumber="300" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1246,1378,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="300">A. forskalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The 16S sequences of our material were different from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[151,282,257,281]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,282,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">A. forskalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the NE Atlantic (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[510,591,257,281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,186,1856,1878]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@62.[13,1261,360,1585]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 37. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the genus Aequorea and related genera obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) using about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). Sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study, for the taxa in bold either a voucher specimen or photos of it have been examined. Notes: *1) Unpublished, L. Leclère, pers. comm. *2) See Material & Methods. *3) Could be a misidentification. *4) Unpublished, A. Hosia & L. Martell, pers. comm., see Fig. 39A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710582/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
), the bell sizes were smaller than for typical
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[471,601,290,314]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[471,601,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">A. forskalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and tentacles bases are usually swollen and may have an abaxial keel and spur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="65.[151,757,257,1835]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[267,477,387,411]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[267,477,387,411]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Aequorea forskalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was introduced by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peron & Lesueur" firstAuthor="Peron" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" pagination="325 - 366" refId="ref73347" refString="Peron F., Lesueur C. A. 1810. Tableau des caracteres generiques et specifiques de toutes les especes de meduses connues jusqu'a ce jour. Annales du Museum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris 14: 325 - 366. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3498981" type="journal article" year="1810">Péron & Lesueur, 1810</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to replace the preoccupied name
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,351,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Medusa aequorea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forsskal" box="[367,532,451,475]" firstAuthor="Forsskal" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" refId="ref68004" refString="Forsskal P. in: Niebuhr C. E. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorium, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit Petrus Forskal. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Molleri, KObenhavn, 164 pp. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2154" type="book" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and they formally also restricted the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[367,413,484,508]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality to the Mediterranean Sea.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forsskal" box="[211,387,516,540]" firstAuthor="Forsskal" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" refId="ref68004" refString="Forsskal P. in: Niebuhr C. E. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorium, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit Petrus Forskal. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Molleri, KObenhavn, 164 pp. DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2154" type="book" year="1775">Forsskål (1775)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a good illustration of his medusa which he had seen in the NE Atlantic or the Mediterranean and which we must assume to represent the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[195,241,614,638]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. Forsskål’s medusa was quite large with a diameter of
|
||
<quantity box="[370,441,646,670]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="cm" value="23.0">23 cm</quantity>
|
||
[in his Latin description he states “
|
||
<emphasis box="[239,479,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Diameter spithamalis</emphasis>
|
||
”, a spithame being an ancient Greek/Byzantine length unit corresponding to
|
||
<quantity box="[151,244,743,767]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="m" value="231.0">0.231 m</quantity>
|
||
]. Our current scope of the species was outlined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Russell" box="[185,343,775,799]" firstAuthor="Russell" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" refId="ref74166" refString="Russell F. S. 1953. The medusae of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, London, 530 pp., 35 pls." type="book" year="1953">Russell (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[396,560,775,799]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp (1959a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who give sizes of up to
|
||
<quantity box="[215,303,808,832]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="175.0">175 mm</quantity>
|
||
and 60-80 radial canals. The bases of the tentacles are almost invariably given as evenly tapering and not swollen (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[365,454,872,897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="64.[831,866,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[831,1436,1138,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-688@64.[831,1436,1138,1915]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Fig. 39. Aequorea forskalea. (A) Living medusa from Norway, bell margin seen from oral side. Photo courtesy of Luis Martell, sample HYPNO 772. (B) Preserved sample from the Mediterranean, MHNG-INVE-0055261." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640046/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
, see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[586,752,872,896]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 234b). This is clearly different to the ones observed here (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[210,287,937,961]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
) but some cautionary remarks are necessary. The degree of inflation of the tentacle base, the keel formation, and the abaxial spur seem to be variable and a partly transient feature. The swelling depends perhaps on the activity of the animal, the osmotic situation, or the digestive cycle. In preserved animals it is much less pronounced (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[292,380,1131,1156]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Fig. 38I</figureCitation>
|
||
), but still apparently different from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[151,280,1164,1188]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,280,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">A. forskalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="65.[151,757,257,1835]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">
|
||
The status of the closely related Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[653,756,1197,1220]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[653,756,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Aequorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[261,350,1229,1253]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[151,186,1856,1878]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@62.[13,1261,360,1585]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 37. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the genus Aequorea and related genera obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) using about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). Sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study, for the taxa in bold either a voucher specimen or photos of it have been examined. Notes: *1) Unpublished, L. Leclère, pers. comm. *2) See Material & Methods. *3) Could be a misidentification. *4) Unpublished, A. Hosia & L. Martell, pers. comm., see Fig. 39A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710582/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[370,499,1228,1252]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528733" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">MW528733</accessionNumber>
|
||
and
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[570,702,1228,1252]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528734" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">MW528734</accessionNumber>
|
||
, see Material & Methods) is not clear. They were immature and
|
||
<quantity box="[198,302,1293,1317]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in size and their tentacle bases resembled the ones shown in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[362,457,1326,1350]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Fig. 38E</figureCitation>
|
||
and not
|
||
<figureCitation box="[558,657,1326,1350]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="64.[831,866,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[831,1436,1138,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-688@64.[831,1436,1138,1915]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Fig. 39. Aequorea forskalea. (A) Living medusa from Norway, bell margin seen from oral side. Photo courtesy of Luis Martell, sample HYPNO 772. (B) Preserved sample from the Mediterranean, MHNG-INVE-0055261." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640046/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Fig. 39B</figureCitation>
|
||
. It could be that they also belong to the present species. The
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[151,281,1390,1414]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="forskalea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,281,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">A. forskalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Mediterranean also differentiate into two morphotypes when examined alive (unpublished observations): one with slender, evenly tapering tentacles as shown in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[396,492,1487,1512]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="64.[831,866,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[831,1436,1138,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-688@64.[831,1436,1138,1915]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Fig. 39. Aequorea forskalea. (A) Living medusa from Norway, bell margin seen from oral side. Photo courtesy of Luis Martell, sample HYPNO 772. (B) Preserved sample from the Mediterranean, MHNG-INVE-0055261." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640046/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Fig. 39B</figureCitation>
|
||
and another with much swollen bases of the bulbs resembling the ones shown in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[151,227,1552,1576]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[151,186,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-4@63.[174,1413,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 38. Aequorea neocyanea new name. (A-C) BFLA4085, bell diameter 60 mm. (A) Oblique view from below. (B) Aboral view. (C) Bell margin with tentacles and their bulbs. (D) BFLA4083, bell diameter 42 mm, young animal with beginning gonad development. (E) BFLA4043, bell margin. (F) BFLA4236, bell margin, the green dots are not a pigment but likely due interference effects. (G) BFLA4236, mouth region with short fimbria. (H) BFLA3783, bell margin. (I) BFLA3783, tentacles after fixation in formalin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640044/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="65.[151,757,257,1835]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">
|
||
The Brazilian medusae identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[545,722,1585,1609]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[545,722,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">A. macrodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nogueira" box="[151,383,1617,1641]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nogueira" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" pagination="737 - 742" refId="ref72954" refString="Nogueira jun. M., Brandini F. P., Haddad M. A. 2016. First record of the hydromedusa Aequorea macrodactyla (Leptothecata: Aequoreidae) in Brazilian waters. Marine Biodiversity 46 (3): 737 - 742. DOI: 10.1007 / s 12526 - 015 - 0421 - x" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Nogueira
|
||
<emphasis box="[256,301,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
do not match well the latter species (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[201,345,1649,1673]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref69950" refString="Kramp P. L. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report 72: 1 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1968">Kramp, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert" box="[357,544,1649,1674]" firstAuthor="Schuchert" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" pagination="351 - 375" refId="ref74636" refString="Schuchert P. 2017 a. Systematic notes on some leptomedusa species with a description of Neotima galeai n. spec. (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (2): 351 - 375." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">Schuchert, 2017a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but conform much better with the scope of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[432,580,1682,1706]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="neocyanea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[432,580,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">A. neocyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as documented here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="65.[151,757,257,1835]" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">
|
||
The status of the Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron & Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[506,609,1747,1770]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aequoreidae" genus="Aequorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="65" pageNumber="301" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[506,609,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="301">Aequorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphotypes as well as many other populations should be examined using genetic techniques.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |