459 lines
51 KiB
XML
459 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B280031FF3AF971FA427FB9" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Zancleopsis dichotoma" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="273" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="272" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>128</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>237</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>356</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0049</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5639938</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710598" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5710598" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B280031FF3AF971FA427FB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B280031FF3AF971FA427FB9" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[245,661,1767,1791]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[245,661,1767,1825]" box="[245,661,1767,1791]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[245,661,1767,1791]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="5CVYX" ID-ENA="2805958" authority="(Mayer, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[245,661,1767,1791]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[245,661,1767,1791]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[245,498,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">Zancleopsis dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[512,655,1767,1791]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[352,555,1800,1825]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[245,661,1767,1825]" box="[352,555,1800,1825]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[352,431,1800,1825]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-7@38.[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 22. Zancleopsis dichotoma, small form. (A-C) BFLA4171, bell height 3 mm, stomach filled with prey items, note well developed short tentacles. (D) BFLA4170, bell height 3 mm, gonads just begin to develop.(E-F) BFLA4248, bell height 2 mm, immature, note that one of the short tentacles (upper one) is only just developing, while the opposite bulb appears to be devoid of a tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640000/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">Figs 22</figureCitation>
|
||
A-F, 23A-F
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,757,1847,2077]" box="[151,666,1847,1869]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,666,1847,1869]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[151,528,1847,1869]" page="35" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1900">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mayer, 1900: 35" authorityName="Mayer" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,528,1847,1869]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Gemmaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,361,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">Gemmaria dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[367,528,1847,1869]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="35" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer, 1900: 35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 17 fig. 40.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,757,1847,2077]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,410,1877,1898]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="5CVYX" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,382,1877,1898]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">Zancleopsis dichotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Hartlaub C." box="[423,629,1877,1899]" page="115" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1907">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hartlaub" box="[423,629,1877,1899]" firstAuthor="Hartlaub" page="115" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref68977" refString="Hartlaub C. 1907. XII Craspedote Medusen. Teil 1, Lieferung 1. Codoniden und Cladonemiden. Nordisches Plankton 6: 1 - 135." type="journal article" year="1907">Hartlaub, 1907: 115</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 105.
|
||
<emphasis box="[744,756,1877,1898]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">–</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[227,394,1907,1928]" page="91" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[227,394,1907,1928]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="91" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 91</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 8 fig. 1. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Bigelow H. B." box="[554,752,1906,1928]" page="102" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1938">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bigelow" box="[554,752,1906,1928]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" page="102" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="99 - 189" refId="ref65151" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1938. Medusae taken during the years 1929 and 1930. Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. VIII. Zoologica, N. Y. 23: 99 - 189." type="journal article" year="1938">Bigelow, 1938: 102</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 1-2. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[334,513,1936,1958]" page="95" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[334,513,1936,1958]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="95" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a: 95</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 53. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." page="56" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1961">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="56" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961: 56</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[264,276,1967,1988]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">–</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[283,450,1966,1988]" page="25" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[283,450,1966,1988]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="25" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref69926" refString="Kramp P. L. 1965. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Dana Report 63: 1 - 162." type="book chapter" year="1965">Kramp, 1965: 25</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, correction of
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[593,734,1966,1988]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[593,734,1966,1988]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[227,393,1995,2017]" page="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1968">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[227,393,1995,2017]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref69950" refString="Kramp P. L. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report 72: 1 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1968">Kramp, 1968: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[406,418,1996,2017]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">–</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Bouillon J." box="[426,633,1996,2018]" page="290" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[426,633,1996,2018]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" page="290" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="249 - 297" refId="ref65621" refString="Bouillon J. 1978 b. Hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie, Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie 1: Anthomedusae Capitata (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 19 (3): 249 - 297." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon, 1978b: 290</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[646,658,1996,2017]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">–</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Bouillon J." pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1985">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="245 - 266" refId="ref65831" refString="Bouillon J. 1985. Notes additionelles sur les hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Hydrozoa-Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 2 (2): 245 - 266." type="journal article" year="1985">Bouillon, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<tableCitation box="[287,359,2025,2047]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,757,1847,2077]" lastBlockId="36.[831,1437,1342,1451]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="WJLS" authorityName="Uchida" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,323,2055,2077]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Cnidotiara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gotoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,323,2055,2077]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">Cnidotiara gotoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kramp P. L." box="[375,574,2055,2077]" page="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[375,574,2055,2077]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a: 12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1 figs 7-8. [misidentification, not
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Uchida, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Uchida" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gotoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1151,1334,1342,1364]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">Zancleopsis gotoi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uchida T." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section IV, Zoology" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="145 - 241" part="1" refId="ref75589" refString="Uchida T. 1927 a. Studies on Japanese hydromedusae. I. Anthomedusae. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section IV, Zoology 1 (3): 145 - 241, plates 10 - 11." title="Studies on Japanese hydromedusae. I. Anthomedusae" type="journal article" year="1927">Uchida, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[831,1437,1342,1451]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis box="[853,1110,1400,1422]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="5CVYX" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[853,1083,1400,1421]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">Zancleopsis dichotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Xu Z. Z. & Huang J. Q. & Lin M. & Guo D. H. & Wang C. G." box="[1121,1336,1400,1422]" page="363" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu" box="[1121,1336,1400,1422]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Xu" page="363" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" pagination="495 - 945" refId="ref76917" refString="Xu Z. Z., Huang J. Q., Lin M., Guo D. H., Wang C. G. 2014. The superclass Hydrozoa of the Phylum Cnidaria in China. Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 456, vol. 2, pp. 495 - 945, China Ocean Press, Bejing. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis box="[1162,1209,1400,1422]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014: 363
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 228, juvenile specimen.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[831,1437,1474,2077]" box="[831,1050,1474,1498]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,1050,1474,1498]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">Examined material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[831,1437,1474,2077]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,957,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">Small form</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574348" accessionNumber="MW528683" collectingDate="2019-08-09" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" specimenCode="BFLA4170" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[979,1104,1507,1531]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">BFLA4170</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1123,1255,1507,1531]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1273,1432,1507,1531]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2019-08-09">
|
||
<date box="[1273,1432,1507,1531]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2019-08-09">09-AUG-2019</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[879,944,1539,1563]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[941,1074,1571,1595]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528683" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">MW528683</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574366" accessionNumber="MW528684" collectingDate="2019-08-09" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" specimenCode="BFLA4171" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1114,1239,1571,1595]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">BFLA4171</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1255,1384,1571,1595]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2019-08-09">
|
||
<date pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2019-08-09">09- AUG-2019</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1021,1090,1603,1627]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[1129,1261,1635,1659]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528684" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">MW528684</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574445" accessionNumber="MW528692" collectingDate="2019-11-23" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" specimenCode="BFLA4248" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1307,1433,1635,1659]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">BFLA4248</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[831,962,1667,1691]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate box="[980,1137,1667,1691]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2019-11-23">
|
||
<date box="[980,1137,1667,1691]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2019-11-23">23-NOV-2019</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1209,1281,1667,1691]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[1301,1433,1699,1723]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528692" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">MW528692</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574509" collectingDate="2019-08-13" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[854,1012,1732,1756]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2019-08-13">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[854,1012,1732,1756]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2019-08-13">
|
||
13-AUG-
|
||
<quantity box="[956,1093,1732,1756]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0193" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="2019.3">
|
||
<quantity box="[956,1012,1732,1756]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0193" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="2019.3">2019</quantity>
|
||
, 3 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1106,1230,1732,1756]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
photographed, not collected.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574462" collectingDate="2019-10-16" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[964,1115,1764,1788]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2019-10-16">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[964,1115,1764,1788]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2019-10-16">16-OCT-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, no size estimate,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1314,1436,1764,1788]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
photographed, not collected.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[831,1437,1474,2077]" lastBlockId="37.[151,756,257,346]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,959,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">Large form</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574301" accessionNumber="MW528723" collectingDate="2020-05-26" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" specimenCode="BFLA4408" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[981,1106,1828,1852]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">BFLA4408</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1124,1256,1828,1852]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1274,1432,1828,1852]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2020-05-26">
|
||
<date box="[1274,1432,1828,1852]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2020-05-26">26-MAY-2020</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; height
|
||
<quantity box="[908,988,1860,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[1002,1066,1860,1884]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1145,1200,1860,1884]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[1268,1401,1892,1916]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528723" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">MW528723</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574320" collectingDate="2020-06-07" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" specimenCode="BFLA4436, UF- 014054" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[831,957,1924,1948]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">BFLA4436</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[970,1097,1924,1949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1111,1261,1925,1949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2020-06-07">
|
||
<date box="[1111,1261,1925,1949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2020-06-07">07-JUN-2020</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; height
|
||
<quantity box="[1352,1432,1925,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[831,907,1956,1980]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="female">female</specimenCount>
|
||
; preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode pageId="36" pageNumber="272">UF- 014054</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574401" accessionNumber="MW528732" collectingDate="2020-06-17" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" specimenCode="BFLA4467, UF-014072" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[972,1097,1989,2013]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">BFLA4467</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1121,1258,1989,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1282,1432,1989,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2020-06-17">
|
||
<date box="[1282,1432,1989,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" value="2020-06-17">17-JUN-2020</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; height
|
||
<quantity box="[904,981,2021,2045]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[991,1051,2021,2045]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1122,1198,2021,2045]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272" type="female">female</specimenCount>
|
||
; preserved in formalin and deposited as
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1034,1159,2053,2077]" pageId="36" pageNumber="272">UF-014072</specimenCode>
|
||
, part of broken tentacle preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[151,283,289,313]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528732" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">MW528732</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574436" collectingDate="2019-04-11" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[313,464,290,314]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" value="2019-04-11">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[313,464,290,314]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" value="2019-04-11">11-APR-2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[475,596,289,314]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
photographed; size
|
||
<quantity box="[199,312,321,345]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10-15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with
|
||
<specimenCount box="[377,429,322,346]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
gonads; not collected.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="273" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,757,369,1453]" box="[151,302,369,393]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,302,369,393]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Observations</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,757,369,1453]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,271,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Small form</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[288,371,401,425]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-7@38.[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 22. Zancleopsis dichotoma, small form. (A-C) BFLA4171, bell height 3 mm, stomach filled with prey items, note well developed short tentacles. (D) BFLA4170, bell height 3 mm, gonads just begin to develop.(E-F) BFLA4248, bell height 2 mm, immature, note that one of the short tentacles (upper one) is only just developing, while the opposite bulb appears to be devoid of a tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640000/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
): Total bell height up to 3 mm, 1/4 to 1/3 of the height taken by pointed apical process; umbrella bell-shaped to conical, relatively thick walls, with shallow interradial subumbrellar pockets, tip of apical process green (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[394,530,529,554]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-7@38.[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 22. Zancleopsis dichotoma, small form. (A-C) BFLA4171, bell height 3 mm, stomach filled with prey items, note well developed short tentacles. (D) BFLA4170, bell height 3 mm, gonads just begin to develop.(E-F) BFLA4248, bell height 2 mm, immature, note that one of the short tentacles (upper one) is only just developing, while the opposite bulb appears to be devoid of a tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640000/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Fig. 22A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Manubrium height about half the subumbrellar height when gonads start to develop, pear-shaped, short tubular oral part, mouth rim with four perradial white regions, upper part of manubrium (stomach) ochre coloured, with about 10 longitudinal, shallow gonad folds, folds mostly adradial, irregular. Radial canals not forming mesenteries, smooth. Tentacle bulbs all equally developed, almost spherical, placed adaxial of origin of tentacles, white or faintly yellow. Two long, opposite tentacles, much extendable/ contractible, with up to 25 short, abaxial, side branches ending in nematocyst knobs, size of knobs gradually increasing towards distal (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[439,537,915,939]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-7@38.[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 22. Zancleopsis dichotoma, small form. (A-C) BFLA4171, bell height 3 mm, stomach filled with prey items, note well developed short tentacles. (D) BFLA4170, bell height 3 mm, gonads just begin to develop.(E-F) BFLA4248, bell height 2 mm, immature, note that one of the short tentacles (upper one) is only just developing, while the opposite bulb appears to be devoid of a tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640000/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Fig. 22F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The other tentacle pair very short, ending in spherical nematocyst knob. In youngest animals observed these short tentacles either missing or just beginning to develop (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[595,699,1011,1036]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-7@38.[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 22. Zancleopsis dichotoma, small form. (A-C) BFLA4171, bell height 3 mm, stomach filled with prey items, note well developed short tentacles. (D) BFLA4170, bell height 3 mm, gonads just begin to develop.(E-F) BFLA4248, bell height 2 mm, immature, note that one of the short tentacles (upper one) is only just developing, while the opposite bulb appears to be devoid of a tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640000/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
|
||
). All tentacle bases with a red ocellus on abaxial side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,757,369,1453]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Nematocysts (alcohol preserved tissue, BFLA4171): larger stenoteles [(24-26)x(22-23) µm], smaller stenoteles [(18+21)x(14-17) µm], desmonemes [8.5x5 µm], and macrobasic euryteles [(15-16)x(6-7) µm].</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,757,369,1453]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,278,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Large form</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[300,388,1204,1228]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[151,186,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-4@39.[151,1435,257,1856]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 23. Zancleopsis dichotoma, large form, sizes refer to the total bell height, including the apical process. (A-C) BFLA4467, size 12 mm, female, note in B that one of the short tentacles lacks a terminal knob. (D) BFLA4436, size 10 mm, part of long tentacles with capitate side branches. (E) BFLA4408, size 15 mm, close up of manubrium with male gonads. (F) Animal observed 11-APR-2019, size approximately 10-15 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640004/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
): Much larger than small form, height 8 to 15 mm and 5 mm diameter, apical process larger reaching 1/2 of total height, tip of apical process whitish, gonads always present, more and larger vertical gonad folds, approximately up to 15, 2-3 folds adradial, brownish, oocytes yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[438,536,1365,1389]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[151,186,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-4@39.[151,1435,257,1856]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 23. Zancleopsis dichotoma, large form, sizes refer to the total bell height, including the apical process. (A-C) BFLA4467, size 12 mm, female, note in B that one of the short tentacles lacks a terminal knob. (D) BFLA4436, size 10 mm, part of long tentacles with capitate side branches. (E) BFLA4408, size 15 mm, close up of manubrium with male gonads. (F) Animal observed 11-APR-2019, size approximately 10-15 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640004/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
|
||
), tentacle bulbs with intense yellow colour, shorter tentacle pair longer than in small form, sometimes terminal knob missing (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[647,744,1429,1453]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[151,186,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-4@39.[151,1435,257,1856]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 23. Zancleopsis dichotoma, large form, sizes refer to the total bell height, including the apical process. (A-C) BFLA4467, size 12 mm, female, note in B that one of the short tentacles lacks a terminal knob. (D) BFLA4436, size 10 mm, part of long tentacles with capitate side branches. (E) BFLA4408, size 15 mm, close up of manubrium with male gonads. (F) Animal observed 11-APR-2019, size approximately 10-15 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640004/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,757,1476,1725]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,1476,1501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">16S Data:</emphasis>
|
||
The haplotypes of the small form differed in 0.5-0.8% of the base pairs, in the large form 0.3%. The maximal divergence observed between the two forms was 6.2% base pair difference.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,757,1476,1725]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">
|
||
The maximum likelihood analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[552,634,1605,1629]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[151,186,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,262,1055]" captionTargetId="graphics-335@36.[154,1084,269,1044]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 21. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Zancleidae and related taxa obtained with PhyML (GTR+G model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639998/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
) identified
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Maggioni et al., 2017" authorityName="Maggioni" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,612,1637,1661]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sphaerocorynidae" genus="Astrocoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cabela">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,362,1637,1661]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Astrocoryne cabela</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maggioni" box="[372,612,1637,1661]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Maggioni" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="734 - 746" refId="ref71256" refString="Maggioni D., Galli P., Berumen M. L., Arrigoni R., Seveso D., Montano S. 2017. Astrocoryne cabela, gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Hydrozoa: Sphaerocorynidae), a new sponge-associated hydrozoan. Invertebrate Systematics 31: 734 - 746." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Maggioni
|
||
<emphasis box="[486,543,1637,1661]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
polyps from the Red Sea and the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[362,461,1669,1693]" name="Maldives" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands as relatively closely related, if not conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="273" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,757,1748,1901]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,302,1748,1772]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Florida,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[419,518,1749,1773]" name="Bermuda" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands, mid North Atlantic,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[255,321,1781,1805]" name="Brazil" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[339,501,1781,1805]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Navas-Pereira" box="[517,745,1781,1805]" firstAuthor="Navas-Pereira" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="817 - 824" refId="ref72770" refString="Navas-Pereira D. 1980. Hydromedusae of the Bay of Sepetiba (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 40: 817 - 824." type="journal article" year="1980">Navas-Pereira, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,204,1813,1837]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[310,366,1813,1837]" name="United States of America" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[379,459,1813,1837]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Dry
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[523,616,1813,1837]" name="Haiti" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
|
||
archipelago. The record for the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[358,422,1845,1869]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu" box="[485,653,1845,1869]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Xu" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="495 - 945" refId="ref76917" refString="Xu Z. Z., Huang J. Q., Lin M., Guo D. H., Wang C. G. 2014. The superclass Hydrozoa of the Phylum Cnidaria in China. Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 456, vol. 2, pp. 495 - 945, China Ocean Press, Bejing. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis box="[528,577,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is based on a juvenile, indeterminable animal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="273" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,756,1924,2078]" lastBlockId="37.[831,1437,257,1945]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,1925,1949]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
This is a rare species of which only a few specimens have been reported. Our samples separated into two size categories which also had slight morphological differences, but explainable by different developmental stages being present. The smaller (bell size up to 3 mm) corresponded more to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer's" firstAuthor="Mayer's" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer’s (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description, while the larger ones corresponds to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bigelow's" box="[863,1055,321,345]" firstAuthor="Bigelow's" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="99 - 189" refId="ref65151" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1938. Medusae taken during the years 1929 and 1930. Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. VIII. Zoologica, N. Y. 23: 99 - 189." type="journal article" year="1938">Bigelow’s (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
specimen. The only difference to Bigelow’s material was the length of the tentacles and the presence of terminal knobs in the shorter pair of tentacles. However, this is easily explained by damage during the collecting process of Bigelow’s material. Also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[894,1098,481,505]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="25" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref69926" refString="Kramp P. L. 1965. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Dana Report 63: 1 - 162." type="book chapter" year="1965">Kramp (1965: 25)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed that the distal parts of the tentacles are often lost in net material. In one of our specimens, one knob was also missing (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1323,1425,545,569]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[151,186,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,257,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-4@39.[151,1435,257,1856]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 23. Zancleopsis dichotoma, large form, sizes refer to the total bell height, including the apical process. (A-C) BFLA4467, size 12 mm, female, note in B that one of the short tentacles lacks a terminal knob. (D) BFLA4436, size 10 mm, part of long tentacles with capitate side branches. (E) BFLA4408, size 15 mm, close up of manubrium with male gonads. (F) Animal observed 11-APR-2019, size approximately 10-15 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640004/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[831,988,577,602]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[1118,1361,577,601]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Gemmaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1118,1361,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Gemmaria dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on several, but apparently all immature medusa of 3 mm bell height. He characterised them as having only a single pair of branched tentacles. This is certainly attributable to the rather young stages he had. Also in some of our younger stages the short tentacles were either just developing or absent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1181,1278,769,793]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-7@38.[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 22. Zancleopsis dichotoma, small form. (A-C) BFLA4171, bell height 3 mm, stomach filled with prey items, note well developed short tentacles. (D) BFLA4170, bell height 3 mm, gonads just begin to develop.(E-F) BFLA4248, bell height 2 mm, immature, note that one of the short tentacles (upper one) is only just developing, while the opposite bulb appears to be devoid of a tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640000/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[831,1437,257,1945]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">
|
||
Were it not for the 16S results, we would have attributed without hesitation the two forms to two different developmental stages of the same species. The 16S barcode sequences separated the large and small forms into two distinct lineages (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1156,1245,929,953]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[151,186,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-7@38.[151,1434,257,1921]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 22. Zancleopsis dichotoma, small form. (A-C) BFLA4171, bell height 3 mm, stomach filled with prey items, note well developed short tentacles. (D) BFLA4170, bell height 3 mm, gonads just begin to develop.(E-F) BFLA4248, bell height 2 mm, immature, note that one of the short tentacles (upper one) is only just developing, while the opposite bulb appears to be devoid of a tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640000/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
) which differed maximally in 6.2% of their aligned bases. We have no reference values of what constitutes intraspecific variation for this family, but the value is quite high compared to other species (comp.
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1197,1275,1057,1081]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[831,1437,257,1945]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Due to the absence of any other diagnostic feature, we preferred for the moment to regard these two forms as belonging to the same species and representing younger and older stages. Many hydromedusae are known to continue their growth even when their gonads get mature. Note also that both forms were found at different times of the year (August to October versus April to June). If the two forms belong to the same species, then the differences in the 16S sequences deserves nevertheless some thoughts, beyond the possibility that they are simply stochastic variations observed in the small number of specimens. It can be argued that the larger forms are certainly also older and have thus spent more time in the current of the Gulfstream. This would then imply that the two forms come from quite different localities, the different 16S haplotypes might therefore come from separate populations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[831,1437,257,1945]" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[831,1042,1633,1657]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref69950" refString="Kramp P. L. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report 72: 1 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1968">Kramp (1968: 39)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suspected that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[1232,1382,1633,1657]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Gemmaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1232,1382,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Z. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1928" box="[831,993,1665,1689]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tentaculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,993,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Z. tentaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are conspecific [for descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1928" box="[831,986,1697,1721]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tentaculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,986,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="273">Z. tentaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[1047,1199,1697,1721]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref69926" refString="Kramp P. L. 1965. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Dana Report 63: 1 - 162." type="book chapter" year="1965">Kramp (1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp" box="[1216,1271,1697,1721]" firstAuthor="Kramp" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref69950" refString="Kramp P. L. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report 72: 1 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="249 - 297" refId="ref65621" refString="Bouillon J. 1978 b. Hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie, Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie 1: Anthomedusae Capitata (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 19 (3): 249 - 297." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon (1978b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[945,1130,1729,1753]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="249 - 297" refId="ref65621" refString="Bouillon J. 1978 b. Hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie, Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie 1: Anthomedusae Capitata (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 19 (3): 249 - 297." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon (1978b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[1149,1204,1729,1753]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="37" pageNumber="273" pagination="245 - 266" refId="ref65831" refString="Bouillon J. 1985. Notes additionelles sur les hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Hydrozoa-Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 2 (2): 245 - 266." type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) kept them distinct, but he also had some doubts about the suitability of the distinguishing traits. Some of them are linked to the developmental stage (size and shape of bell, position and shape of the gonads, length and form of tentacles), others are clearly due to damages and losses during the collecting process (tentacle lengths and terminal knobs).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |