293 lines
28 KiB
XML
293 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B1B000CFC44FB58FBE77F6A" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Thecocodium quadratum" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="260" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="259" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>128</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>237</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>356</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0049</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5639938</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719211" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510833" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719211" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B1B000CFC44FB58FBE77F6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B1B000CFC44FB58FBE77F6A" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[907,1360,1230,1254]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[907,1360,1230,1286]" box="[907,1360,1230,1254]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[907,1360,1230,1254]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7BV6X" ID-ENA="264047" authority="(Werner, 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[907,1360,1230,1254]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptilocodiidae" genus="Thecocodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadratum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[907,1360,1230,1254]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[907,1185,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">Thecocodium quadratum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Werner" box="[1198,1354,1230,1254]" firstAuthor="Werner" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" pagination="13" refId="ref76402" refString="Werner B. 1965. Lebensgeschichte und Okologie tropischer Hydroid- und Scyphopolypen. Jahresbericht / Biologische Anstalt Helgoland 1964: Ca 10 - Ca 13." type="journal article" year="1965">Werner, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1073,1194,1262,1286]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[907,1360,1230,1286]" box="[1073,1194,1262,1286]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1073,1146,1262,1286]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[151,186,841,863]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,257,787]" captionTargetId="figure-508@24.[210,1381,257,787]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 13. Thecocodium quadratum, females. (A) Specimen photographed 21-JUL-2018. Lateral view of whole animal. (B) BFLA4461, an apparently fully mature female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639974/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="259" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[831,1437,1308,1532]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Werner B." box="[831,1241,1308,1330]" page="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" year="1965">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4Q7YQ" authority="Werner, 1965: 11" authorityName="Werner" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1965" box="[831,1241,1308,1330]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptilocodiidae" genus="Ptilocodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadratum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1062,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">Ptilocodium quadratum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Werner" box="[1070,1241,1308,1330]" firstAuthor="Werner" page="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" pagination="13" refId="ref76402" refString="Werner B. 1965. Lebensgeschichte und Okologie tropischer Hydroid- und Scyphopolypen. Jahresbericht / Biologische Anstalt Helgoland 1964: Ca 10 - Ca 13." type="journal article" year="1965">Werner, 1965: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 4-5. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Werner B." page="139" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Werner" firstAuthor="Werner" page="139" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" pagination="10 - 305" refId="ref76428" refString="Werner B. 1984. 4. Stamm Cnidaria, Nesseltiere (pp. 10 - 305). In: Gruner H. E. (ed.), Wirbellose Tiere. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart." type="book chapter" year="1984">Werner, 1984: 139</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 85.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[831,1437,1308,1532]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7BV6X" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[831,1077,1366,1387]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptilocodiidae" genus="Thecocodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadratum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1077,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">Thecocodium quadratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Jarms G." box="[1117,1282,1366,1388]" page="59" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" year="1987">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jarms" box="[1117,1282,1366,1388]" firstAuthor="Jarms" page="59" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref69262" refString="Jarms G. 1987. Thecocodium quadratum (Werner 1965) redescribed, T. penicillatum sp. nov., and a method for rearing hydrozoans (pp. 57 - 66). In: Bouillon J., Boero F., Cicogna F., Cornelius P. F. S. (eds), Modern trends in the systematics, ecology, and evolution of hydroids and hydromedusae. Clarendon Press, Oxford." type="book chapter" year="1987">Jarms, 1987: 59</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8.1-8.4. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kubota S." box="[907,1080,1395,1417]" page="89" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" year="1993">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kubota" box="[907,1080,1395,1417]" firstAuthor="Kubota" page="89" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" pagination="89 - 92" refId="ref70013" refString="Kubota S. 1993. The medusa of Thecocodium quadratum (Werner) (Anthomedusae, Ptilocodiidae) from southern Japan. Publications of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 36 (1 - 2): 89 - 92." type="journal article" year="1993">Kubota, 1993: 89</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Akiyama H. & Yamazaki Y. & Kubota S." box="[1174,1432,1395,1417]" page="113" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" year="2013">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Akiyama" box="[1174,1432,1395,1417]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Akiyama" page="113" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" pagination="113 - 115" refId="ref64180" refString="Akiyama H., Yamazaki Y., Kubota S. 2013. Second record of Thecocodium quadratum (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Ptilocodiidae) in Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 68: 113 - 115." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Akiyama
|
||
<emphasis box="[1270,1325,1395,1417]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2013: 113
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 1-2.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[831,1437,1308,1532]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7BV6X" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[831,1110,1453,1475]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptilocodiidae" genus="Thecocodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadratum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,960,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">Thecocodium</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1005,1110,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">quadratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kubota S. & Hui-Tai L. T. & Tan W." box="[1140,1352,1453,1475]" page="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kubota" box="[1140,1352,1453,1475]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kubota" page="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" pagination="7 - 9" refId="ref70116" refString="Kubota S., Hui-Tai L. T., Tan W. 2018. Occurrence of a rare Thecocodium Medusa (Anthomedusae, Ptilocodiidae) From Taiwan. Kuroshio Biosphere 14: 7 - 9." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Kubota
|
||
<emphasis box="[1217,1259,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018: 7
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2A- B.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[831,1437,1308,1532]" box="[831,1409,1510,1532]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[831,1409,1510,1532]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[831,1016,1510,1532]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptilocodiidae" genus="Thecocodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,960,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">Thecocodium</emphasis>
|
||
spec.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Kubota S. & Meldonian S." box="[1039,1343,1510,1532]" page="77" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kubota & Meldonian" box="[1039,1343,1510,1532]" firstAuthor="Kubota" page="77" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" pagination="77 - 78" refId="ref70153" refString="Kubota S., Meldonian S. 2016. First Occurrence of a Rare Thecocodium Medusa (Anthomedusae, Ptilocodiidae) from Riviera Beach, Florida, USA. Biogeography 18: 77 - 78." type="journal article" year="2016">Kubota & Meldonian, 2016: 77</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="259" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[831,1437,1556,1901]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,1085,1556,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">Examined material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574504" collectingDate="2018-07-21" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<date box="[1111,1261,1556,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" value="2018-07-21">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1111,1261,1556,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" value="2018-07-21">21-JUL-2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1293,1436,1556,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
photographed; not collected.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574329" accessionNumber="MW528730" collectingDate="13 - JUN- 2020" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" specimenCode="BFLA4461" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1169,1294,1588,1612]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">BFLA4461</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1306,1432,1588,1612]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate box="[831,981,1620,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<date box="[831,855,1620,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" value="2020-06-13">13</date>
|
||
-JUN-2020
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1041,1107,1620,1644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[1129,1262,1652,1676]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528730" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">MW528730</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574319" accessionNumber="MW528731" collectingDate="13 - JUN- 2020" collectionCode="BFLA" collectorName="Dr G. Jarms" country="Kenya" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Kenya" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" specimenCode="BFLA4466" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1306,1432,1652,1676]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">BFLA4466</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[831,964,1684,1709]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate box="[982,1133,1685,1709]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<date box="[982,1006,1685,1709]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" value="2020-06-13">13</date>
|
||
-JUN-2020
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1207,1279,1685,1709]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[1291,1423,1716,1740]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528731" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">MW528731</accessionNumber>
|
||
. MHNG-INVE-0039477; schizoholotype, polyps obtained from original culture of Werner (courtesy Dr G. Jarms), origin of material
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1184,1258,1814,1838]" name="Kenya" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
; cultivated and reared medusae, preserved in
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1175,1282,1845,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<date box="[1175,1226,1845,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" value="2006-02">Feb-</date>
|
||
2006
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; 16 sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[831,949,1877,1901]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/FN422379" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">FN422379</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[831,1436,1924,2077]" lastBlockId="24.[151,757,957,1713]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,995,1924,1948]" pageId="23" pageNumber="259">Observations:</emphasis>
|
||
Medusa with bell-shaped umbrella, up to
|
||
<quantity box="[904,974,1957,1981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mesoglea thick, including lateral walls, height of apical jelly at least 1/3 of total height, not delimited as apical process. Bell margin with deep perradial clefts continued as canal-like furrows to midheight of bell and housing tentacle. Bell margin appears lobed through the clefts, between the furrows on each lobe 5-7 meridional nematocyst tracks originating from near circular canal and curving around bell margin to exumbrella and then dissolving into arrays a few isolated nematocysts clusters,>100 additional nematocyst buttons scattered on entire exumbrella. Four smooth radial canals widened to funnels at the junction to the manubrium. Four tentacles, directed upwards, lying in the canal-like exumbrellar furrows, usually contracted to length shorter than bell height, but able to extend to length at least>3 times the bell height. Tentacles at origin with a small bulb with a pink to red colour, bulb adnate to exumbrella; main trunk of tentacles appears chordoid and is transparent, tapering to tip which is whitish-opaque and sometimes slightly swollen. Manubrium large, with a spherical stomach and a small neck-like oral region, small cruciform mouth; gonads much developed surrounding the manubrium entirely, with a brilliant, intense yellow-orange colour, subdivided in 8 adradial, vertical bulges (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[638,742,1593,1617]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[151,186,841,863]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,257,787]" captionTargetId="figure-508@24.[210,1381,257,787]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 13. Thecocodium quadratum, females. (A) Specimen photographed 21-JUL-2018. Lateral view of whole animal. (B) BFLA4461, an apparently fully mature female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639974/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
), the whole appearing like a peeled orange composed of 8 wedges, perradial and interradial clefts deep. Females with>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[227,326,1689,1713]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" type="egg">200 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639974" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639974/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" startId="24.[151,186,841,863]" targetBox="[210,1381,257,787]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,841,892]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">
|
||
Fig. 13.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[235,475,841,862]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptilocodiidae" genus="Thecocodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadratum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[235,475,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">Thecocodium quadratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, females. (A) Specimen photographed 21-JUL-2018. Lateral view of whole animal. (B) BFLA4461, an apparently fully mature female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="260" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,757,1736,1887]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,302,1736,1760]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[430,500,1736,1760]" name="Kenya" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jarms" box="[523,667,1736,1760]" firstAuthor="Jarms" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref69262" refString="Jarms G. 1987. Thecocodium quadratum (Werner 1965) redescribed, T. penicillatum sp. nov., and a method for rearing hydrozoans (pp. 57 - 66). In: Bouillon J., Boero F., Cicogna F., Cornelius P. F. S. (eds), Modern trends in the systematics, ecology, and evolution of hydroids and hydromedusae. Clarendon Press, Oxford." type="book chapter" year="1987">Jarms, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[695,756,1736,1759]" name="Japan" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kubota" box="[159,314,1768,1792]" firstAuthor="Kubota" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" pagination="89 - 92" refId="ref70013" refString="Kubota S. 1993. The medusa of Thecocodium quadratum (Werner) (Anthomedusae, Ptilocodiidae) from southern Japan. Publications of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 36 (1 - 2): 89 - 92." type="journal article" year="1993">Kubota, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[336,414,1768,1792]" name="Taiwan" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kubota" box="[432,656,1768,1792]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kubota" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" pagination="7 - 9" refId="ref70116" refString="Kubota S., Hui-Tai L. T., Tan W. 2018. Occurrence of a rare Thecocodium Medusa (Anthomedusae, Ptilocodiidae) From Taiwan. Kuroshio Biosphere 14: 7 - 9." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Kubota
|
||
<emphasis box="[524,574,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Florida (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kubota & Meldonian" box="[158,465,1799,1824]" firstAuthor="Kubota" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" pagination="77 - 78" refId="ref70153" refString="Kubota S., Meldonian S. 2016. First Occurrence of a Rare Thecocodium Medusa (Anthomedusae, Ptilocodiidae) from Riviera Beach, Florida, USA. Biogeography 18: 77 - 78." type="journal article" year="2016">Kubota & Meldonian, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study).
|
||
<typeStatus box="[607,660,1800,1824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Indian Ocean, NE of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[420,526,1831,1855]" name="Kenya" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">Mombasa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(hydroid, substrate unknown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="260" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,756,1910,1998]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,269,1910,1934]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">16S Data:</emphasis>
|
||
The two obtained 16S haplotypes differed in 0.5% of their base pairs, the divergences to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[710,756,1942,1966]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material were 4.3 to 4.5% (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[440,521,1974,1998]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="260" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,756,2021,2077]" lastBlockId="24.[832,1437,956,1866]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,2021,2045]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The descriptions of this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Werner" firstAuthor="Werner" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" pagination="13" refId="ref76402" refString="Werner B. 1965. Lebensgeschichte und Okologie tropischer Hydroid- und Scyphopolypen. Jahresbericht / Biologische Anstalt Helgoland 1964: Ca 10 - Ca 13." type="journal article" year="1965">Werner, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jarms" box="[221,354,2053,2077]" firstAuthor="Jarms" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref69262" refString="Jarms G. 1987. Thecocodium quadratum (Werner 1965) redescribed, T. penicillatum sp. nov., and a method for rearing hydrozoans (pp. 57 - 66). In: Bouillon J., Boero F., Cicogna F., Cornelius P. F. S. (eds), Modern trends in the systematics, ecology, and evolution of hydroids and hydromedusae. Clarendon Press, Oxford." type="book chapter" year="1987">Jarms, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) were based on a cultivated hydroid colony and its released medusae reared to subadult stage. It was therefore with some hesitations that subsequent findings of the medusa in the plankton where attributed to this species or they were even only identified to genus level (see synonymy above). The observed specimen from Florida differed from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1390,1436,1121,1145]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material in having a slightly higher umbrella and many more exumbrellar nematocysts clusters. Moreover, the gonads are much more developed. The species has been recorded from Florida waters before (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kubota & Meldonian" firstAuthor="Kubota" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" pagination="77 - 78" refId="ref70153" refString="Kubota S., Meldonian S. 2016. First Occurrence of a Rare Thecocodium Medusa (Anthomedusae, Ptilocodiidae) from Riviera Beach, Florida, USA. Biogeography 18: 77 - 78." type="journal article" year="2016">Kubota & Meldonian, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Like
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kubota & Meldonian" firstAuthor="Kubota" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" pagination="77 - 78" refId="ref70153" refString="Kubota S., Meldonian S. 2016. First Occurrence of a Rare Thecocodium Medusa (Anthomedusae, Ptilocodiidae) from Riviera Beach, Florida, USA. Biogeography 18: 77 - 78." type="journal article" year="2016">Kubota & Meldonian (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
we are also aware that the identification of the Florida specimens as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[1089,1367,1349,1373]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptilocodiidae" genus="Thecocodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadratum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1089,1367,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">Thecocodium quadratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is to some degree questionable for biogeographic reasons. However, comparing our photos with a medusa from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[832,910,1448,1472]" name="Taiwan" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kubota" box="[1070,1296,1448,1472]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kubota" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" pagination="7 - 9" refId="ref70116" refString="Kubota S., Hui-Tai L. T., Tan W. 2018. Occurrence of a rare Thecocodium Medusa (Anthomedusae, Ptilocodiidae) From Taiwan. Kuroshio Biosphere 14: 7 - 9." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Kubota
|
||
<emphasis box="[1158,1208,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
it is evident that there are no taxonomically significant differences and this morphotype has likely a very widespread distribution. The 16S sequences from the Florida specimens differed about in 4.5% of the base pairs compared to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1011,1057,1612,1636]" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1179,1260,1612,1636]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). In comparison with other medusae this appears to us as intermediate between intraspecific or interspecific variation, but these few samples and just one marker alone cannot provide conclusive information. Because the morphology of Pacific and Atlantic medusae match, we think it should be attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[1000,1144,1808,1832]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptilocodiidae" genus="Thecocodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadratum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1000,1144,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="260">T. quadratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until more detailed genetic data prove the contrary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |