311 lines
30 KiB
XML
311 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B180001FF37FE97FEF67E38" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Turritopsis nutricula McCrady 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>128</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0049</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5639938</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710588" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5710588" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B180001FF37FE97FEF67E38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B180001FF37FE97FEF67E38" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[248,659,256,313]" box="[248,659,256,281]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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<heading bold="true" box="[248,659,256,281]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="59R4R" ID-ENA="502953" authority="McCrady, 1857" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[248,659,256,281]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[248,659,256,281]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[248,477,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">Turritopsis nutricula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="McCrady" box="[484,659,257,281]" firstAuthor="McCrady" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" pagination="55 - 90" refId="ref71739" refString="McCrady J. 1857. Description of Oceania (Turritopsis) nutricula nov. spec. and the embryological history of a singular medusan larva, found in the cavity of its bell. Proceedings of the Elliot Society of Natural History 1: 55 - 90." type="journal article" year="1857">McCrady, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[393,514,289,313]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[248,659,256,313]" box="[393,514,289,313]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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<figureCitation box="[393,464,289,313]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,186,1996,2018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,792,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-207@20.[151,1431,792,1959]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 11. Turritopsis nutricula. (A-C) Specimen BFLA4416, bell height 2 mm. (D) Specimen BFLA4416, 3 mm height. (A) Oblique view of animal. (B) Oral view, note nematocyst clusters along mouth margin and the interradially separated blocks of vacuolated cells at manubrium base. (C) Oblique view. (D) Lateral view, in the background some appendages of a decapod." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639968/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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A-D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="256" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[151,757,334,616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitation author="McCrady J." box="[151,687,334,357]" page="55" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" year="1957">
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<taxonomicName authority="McCrady, 1957: 55" authorityName="McCrady" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,687,334,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Oceania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula" subGenus="Turritopsis">
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<emphasis box="[151,470,335,356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">Oceania (Turritopsis) nutricula</emphasis>
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McCrady, 1957: 55
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 4 figs 1-10.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="20.[151,757,334,616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="59R4R" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,354,392,414]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
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<emphasis box="[151,354,392,414]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">Turritopsis nutricula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. ‒
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<treatmentCitation author="Brooks W. K." box="[392,581,392,414]" page="465" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" year="1883">
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<bibRefCitation author="Brooks" box="[392,581,392,414]" firstAuthor="Brooks" page="465" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref66473" refString="Brooks W. K. 1883. List of medusae found at Beaufort, N. C., during the summers of 1880 and 1881. Studies from the Biological Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University 2 (2): 135 - 146." type="journal article" year="1883">Brooks, 1883: 465</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. ‒
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<treatmentCitation author="Brooks W. K." page="388" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation author="Brooks" firstAuthor="Brooks" page="388" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" pagination="359 - 430" refId="ref66518" refString="Brooks W. K. 1886. The life history of the Hydromedusae. A discussion of the origin of the medusae and the significance of metagenesis. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 111: 359 - 430, pls 27 - 44." type="journal article" year="1886">Brooks, 1886: 388</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 37. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Brooks W. K. & Rittenhouse S." box="[358,681,421,443]" page="429" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" year="1907">
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<bibRefCitation author="Brooks & Rittenhouse" box="[358,681,421,443]" firstAuthor="Brooks" page="429" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" pagination="429 - 460" refId="ref66565" refString="Brooks W. K., Rittenhouse S. 1907. On Turritopsis nutricula (McCrady). Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 33: 429 - 460, pls 30 - 35." type="journal article" year="1907">Brooks & Rittenhouse, 1907: 429</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pls 30- 35, development. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[424,602,450,471]" page="143" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[424,602,450,471]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="143" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 143</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 10-13, pls 14-15. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Goy J." box="[319,476,479,500]" page="270" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation author="Goy" box="[319,476,479,500]" firstAuthor="Goy" page="270" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" pagination="263 - 296" refId="ref68549" refString="Goy J. 1979. Campagne de la Calypso au large des cotes Atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). 35. Meduses. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique 55 (Suppl.): 263 - 296." type="journal article" year="1979">Goy, 1979: 270</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 4. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Wedler E. & Larson R." page="86" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation author="Wedler & Larson" firstAuthor="Wedler" page="86" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" pagination="69 - 101" refId="ref76329" refString="Wedler E., Larson R. 1986. Athecate hydroids from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 21 (1 - 2): 69 - 101." type="journal article" year="1986">Wedler & Larson, 1986: 86</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 5B. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[442,658,507,529]" page="327" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert" box="[442,658,507,529]" firstAuthor="Schuchert" page="327" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref74418" refString="Schuchert P. 2004. Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert, 2004: 327</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 2A- B, 3D-E, revision. –
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<bibRefCitation author="Miglietta" box="[439,664,536,558]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miglietta" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" pagination="1085 - 1100" refId="ref71985" refString="Miglietta M. P., Maggioni D., Matsumoto Y. 2018 a. Phylogenetics and species delimitation of two Hydrozoa (phylum Cnidaria): Turritopsis (McCrady, 1857) and Pennaria (Goldfuss, 1820). Marine Biodiversity 49: 1085 - 1100." type="journal article" year="2018" yearSuffix="a">
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Miglietta
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<emphasis box="[536,593,536,558]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">et al.,</emphasis>
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2018a
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 2. –
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Calder D. R." box="[227,388,565,587]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E4CE23AFFC7F14EFF03668BFA6929D0" page="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" year="2019">
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<bibRefCitation author="Calder" box="[227,388,565,587]" firstAuthor="Calder" page="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref67010" refString="Calder D. R. 2019. On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa 4689 (1): 1 - 141. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4689.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">Calder, 2019: 12</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 1e.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,757,334,616]" box="[151,736,594,616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,736,594,616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitation author="Fewkes J. W." box="[151,598,594,616]" page="149" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" year="1881">
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<taxonomicName authority="Fewkes, 1881: 149" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityPageNumber="149" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,598,594,616]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Modeeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multitentaculata">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,407,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">Modeeria multitentaculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Fewkes" box="[414,598,594,616]" firstAuthor="Fewkes" page="149" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" pagination="141 - 182" refId="ref67736" refString="Fewkes J. W. 1881. Studies of the Jelly-fishes of Narragansett Bay. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 8: 141 - 182, pls 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1881">Fewkes, 1881: 149</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 3 figs 7-9.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="256" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,756,639,695]" lastBlockId="20.[832,1437,257,377]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,409,639,663]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">Examined material:</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574481" collectingDate="17 - MAY- 2020" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="BFLA4391" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode box="[439,567,639,663]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">BFLA4391</specimenCode>
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||
;
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<specimenCount box="[601,751,639,663]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingDate box="[151,312,671,695]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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||
<date box="[151,175,671,695]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" value="2020-05-17">17</date>
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-MAY-2020
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</collectingDate>
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; size
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<quantity box="[401,481,671,695]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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<accessionNumber box="[1267,1402,257,281]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528718" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">MW528718</accessionNumber>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
. –
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574474" collectingDate="28 - May- 2020" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" specimenCode="BFLA4416" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode box="[832,957,289,313]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">BFLA4416</specimenCode>
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||
;
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||
<specimenCount box="[977,1110,289,313]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
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||
<collectingDate box="[1130,1282,289,313]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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||
<date box="[1130,1157,289,313]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" value="2020-05-28">28</date>
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||
-May-2020
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity box="[1358,1432,289,313]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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||
<accessionNumber box="[832,964,353,377]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528724" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">MW528724</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="256" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[832,1437,400,616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,996,400,424]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">Observations:</emphasis>
|
||
Typical
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<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[1125,1245,401,424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[1125,1245,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">Turritopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
medusae, bell heights up to
|
||
<quantity box="[1019,1097,433,457]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, manubrium yellow, blocks of vacuolated cells at manubrium base with deep interradial clefts, thus clearly separated (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1295,1374,496,521]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,186,1996,2018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,792,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-207@20.[151,1431,792,1959]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 11. Turritopsis nutricula. (A-C) Specimen BFLA4416, bell height 2 mm. (D) Specimen BFLA4416, 3 mm height. (A) Oblique view of animal. (B) Oral view, note nematocyst clusters along mouth margin and the interradially separated blocks of vacuolated cells at manubrium base. (C) Oblique view. (D) Lateral view, in the background some appendages of a decapod." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639968/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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||
B-C), tentacle numbers about 50, base with an adaxial ocellus, tentacle tips swollen in life. Nematocyst buttons lining the mouth margin with stalks like in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1853" box="[1223,1397,593,616]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Oceania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armata">
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||
<emphasis box="[1223,1397,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">Oceania armata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[832,1436,639,696]" lastBlockId="21.[151,756,257,537]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,948,639,664]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">16S Data:</emphasis>
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||
The two 16S sequences obtained had only 0.5% base pair divergence. In order to compare them to other existing sequences, they were added to the set of sequences used in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miglietta" box="[429,687,289,313]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miglietta" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" pagination="1085 - 1100" refId="ref71985" refString="Miglietta M. P., Maggioni D., Matsumoto Y. 2018 a. Phylogenetics and species delimitation of two Hydrozoa (phylum Cnidaria): Turritopsis (McCrady, 1857) and Pennaria (Goldfuss, 1820). Marine Biodiversity 49: 1085 - 1100." type="journal article" year="2018" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Miglietta
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||
<emphasis box="[537,594,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis was made (results not shown). Both sequences of this study clustered with sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[476,607,385,409]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[476,607,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Woods Hole (GenBank numbers
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[448,749,417,441]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">EU624349 and EU624348</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and others from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[357,442,450,473]" name="Panama" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g. EU62435), thus fall within the clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[393,527,481,505]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[393,527,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miglietta" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miglietta" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" pagination="1085 - 1100" refId="ref71985" refString="Miglietta M. P., Maggioni D., Matsumoto Y. 2018 a. Phylogenetics and species delimitation of two Hydrozoa (phylum Cnidaria): Turritopsis (McCrady, 1857) and Pennaria (Goldfuss, 1820). Marine Biodiversity 49: 1085 - 1100." type="journal article" year="2018" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis box="[694,749,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639968" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639968/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" startId="20.[151,186,1996,2018]" targetBox="[151,1431,792,1959]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1436,1996,2076]" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">
|
||
Fig. 11.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[235,436,1996,2018]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[235,436,1996,2018]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="256">Turritopsis nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A-C) Specimen BFLA4416, bell height 2 mm. (D) Specimen BFLA4416, 3 mm height. (A) Oblique view of animal. (B) Oral view, note nematocyst clusters along mouth margin and the interradially separated blocks of vacuolated cells at manubrium base. (C) Oblique view. (D) Lateral view, in the background some appendages of a decapod.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="257" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,756,560,681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,301,560,584]" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Temperate to tropical coastal regions of the western Atlantic Ocean from Woods Hole to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[684,752,592,616]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[512,565,625,649]" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Atlantic Ocean,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[233,289,657,681]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[299,463,656,680]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Charleston Harbor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="257" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,756,704,1560]" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,704,728]" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The samples examined here matched unambiguously
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[331,562,736,760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[331,562,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">Turritopsis nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the restricted sense of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert" box="[265,465,768,792]" firstAuthor="Schuchert" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref74418" refString="Schuchert P. 2004. Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The yellow manubrium and particularly the interradially split blocks of vacuolated cells at the manubrium base are diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[194,312,864,887]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[194,312,864,887]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">Turritopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
medusae of this region. Moreover, the sampling site is in the same biogeographic region as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,197,928,952]" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, the latter being about
|
||
<quantity box="[535,617,928,952]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" unit="km" value="800.0">800 km</quantity>
|
||
away. There can thus be little doubt that these specimens represent the true
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[239,363,992,1016]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[239,363,992,1016]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,756,704,1560]" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">
|
||
Species delimitation in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[503,620,1024,1047]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[503,620,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">Turritopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was difficult and until the revision of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert" box="[422,608,1056,1080]" firstAuthor="Schuchert" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref74418" refString="Schuchert P. 2004. Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
most authors assumed that there is only a single, circum-globally occurring species named
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[428,554,1120,1144]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[428,554,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert" box="[569,756,1120,1144]" firstAuthor="Schuchert" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref74418" refString="Schuchert P. 2004. Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
using morphological data showed that this is not the case and re-established several previously synonymized names. This was then later confirmed using genetic data [see summary in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miglietta" box="[339,592,1248,1272]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miglietta" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" pagination="1085 - 1100" refId="ref71985" refString="Miglietta M. P., Maggioni D., Matsumoto Y. 2018 a. Phylogenetics and species delimitation of two Hydrozoa (phylum Cnidaria): Turritopsis (McCrady, 1857) and Pennaria (Goldfuss, 1820). Marine Biodiversity 49: 1085 - 1100." type="journal article" year="2018" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis box="[445,494,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and references therein]. However, so far it was not clear which of the molecular clades corresponded to the true
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[622,749,1312,1336]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[622,749,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the studies of Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis box="[578,638,1344,1368]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. included specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[417,546,1376,1400]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[417,546,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, their identity was uncertain because they were either based on young medusae or polyps. Both of them are not unambiguously identifiable. The results of the present study confirm the correct identification of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1857" box="[442,565,1504,1528]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[442,565,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miglietta" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miglietta" pageId="21" pageNumber="257" pagination="1085 - 1100" refId="ref71985" refString="Miglietta M. P., Maggioni D., Matsumoto Y. 2018 a. Phylogenetics and species delimitation of two Hydrozoa (phylum Cnidaria): Turritopsis (McCrady, 1857) and Pennaria (Goldfuss, 1820). Marine Biodiversity 49: 1085 - 1100." type="journal article" year="2018" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,198,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="257">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |