313 lines
32 KiB
XML
313 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B15000FFF2CF887FE297C3A" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Proboscidactyla ornata" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="261" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="261" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>128</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>237</mods:start>
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<mods:end>356</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0049</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5639938</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710592" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510837" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5710592" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B15000FFF2CF887FE297C3A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B15000FFF2CF887FE297C3A" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
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<subSubSection box="[227,680,1809,1833]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="25.[227,680,1809,1866]" box="[227,680,1809,1833]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
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<heading bold="true" box="[227,680,1809,1833]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4MM5T" ID-ENA="498510" authority="(McCrady, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[227,680,1809,1833]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[227,680,1809,1833]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[227,481,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Proboscidactyla ornata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="McCrady" box="[495,673,1809,1833]" firstAuthor="McCrady" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref71787" refString="McCrady J. 1859. Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History 1: 103 - 221, pls 8 - 12." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[392,515,1842,1866]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[227,680,1809,1866]" box="[392,515,1842,1866]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
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<figureCitation box="[392,465,1842,1866]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[151,186,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,257,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[163,1422,257,1891]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 14. Proboscidactyla ornata. Note that the usage of a flash brightens very much the exumbrellar nematocysts. (A-C) BFLA4357, bell size 5 mm, mature female, note that there are five radial canals leaving the manubrium. (D) BFLA4349, bell size 4 mm, subadult (?). (E) BFLA4356, bell size 4 mm, male. (F) Medusa photographed 13-MAR-2020, not collected, bell size 4 mm, note regular arrangement of exumbrellar nematocysts patches. (G) BFLA4354, bell size 4 mm, a layer of unidentified green particles is covering the subumbrella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639978/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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A-G
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[151,756,1887,1967]" box="[151,643,1887,1910]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
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<treatmentCitation author="McCrady J." box="[151,494,1887,1910]" page="149" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" year="1859">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="5BZP4" authority="McCrady, 1859: 149" authorityName="McCrady" authorityPageNumber="149" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,494,1887,1910]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Willsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis box="[151,288,1888,1909]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Willsia ornata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="McCrady" box="[294,494,1887,1910]" firstAuthor="McCrady" page="149" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref71787" refString="McCrady J. 1859. Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History 1: 103 - 221, pls 8 - 12." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady, 1859: 149</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 9 figs 9-11.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="25.[151,756,1887,1967]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,379,1916,1938]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis box="[151,379,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Proboscidactyla ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation author="Mayer A. G." box="[412,588,1917,1938]" page="189" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[412,588,1917,1938]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="189" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 189</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 20 figs 1-10, text fig. 100.
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</paragraph>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[151,756,1990,2077]" lastBlockId="25.[832,1437,257,754]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,406,1990,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574402" accessionNumber="MW528709" collectingDate="2020-03-11" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" specimenCode="BFLA4349" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="1">
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<specimenCode box="[437,565,1990,2014]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">BFLA4349</specimenCode>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[600,751,1990,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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<date box="[151,313,2022,2046]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-03-11">
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<collectingDate box="[151,313,2022,2046]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-03-11">11-MAR-2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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; size
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<quantity box="[379,447,2022,2046]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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, 17 tentacles, presumably a mature
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<specimenCount box="[235,290,2053,2077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="male">male</specimenCount>
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; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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<accessionNumber box="[993,1125,257,281]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528709" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">MW528709</accessionNumber>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574310" accessionNumber="MW528710" collectingDate="2020-03-11" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" specimenCode="BFLA4354" specimenCount="1">
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–
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<specimenCode box="[1164,1289,257,281]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">BFLA4354</specimenCode>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[1304,1433,257,281]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingDate box="[832,994,289,313]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-03-11">
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<date box="[832,994,289,313]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-03-11">11-MAR-2020</date>
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</collectingDate>
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||
; size
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||
<quantity box="[1068,1139,289,313]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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, 18 tentacles, with green subumbrella; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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<accessionNumber box="[993,1126,352,376]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528710" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">MW528710</accessionNumber>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574338" accessionNumber="MW528711" collectingDate="2020-03-13" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" specimenCode="BFLA4356" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="1">
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||
–
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||
<specimenCode box="[1164,1289,352,376]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">BFLA4356</specimenCode>
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;
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||
<specimenCount box="[1304,1433,352,376]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
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||
<collectingDate box="[832,994,384,408]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-03-13">
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<date box="[832,994,384,408]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-03-13">13-MAR-2020</date>
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</collectingDate>
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||
; size
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||
<quantity box="[1061,1129,384,408]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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||
, 21 tentacles, mature
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<specimenCount box="[1377,1432,383,407]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="male">male</specimenCount>
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; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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<accessionNumber box="[832,963,446,470]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528711" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">MW528711</accessionNumber>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574485" accessionNumber="MW528712" collectingDate="2020-03-13" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" specimenCode="BFLA4357" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1">
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–
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<specimenCode box="[996,1121,446,470]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">BFLA4357</specimenCode>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[1133,1258,447,471]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
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<collectingDate box="[1270,1432,447,471]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-03-13">
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<date box="[1270,1432,447,471]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-03-13">13-MAR-2020</date>
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</collectingDate>
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; size
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||
<quantity box="[885,954,478,502]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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, 21 tentacles, mature
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<specimenCount box="[1207,1284,478,502]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="female">female</specimenCount>
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; preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
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<accessionNumber box="[1307,1436,510,534]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528712" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">MW528712</accessionNumber>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574476" collectingDate="2020-06-11" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" specimenCode="BFLA4454, FU-014065" specimenCount="1">
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–
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<specimenCode box="[857,982,541,565]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">BFLA4454</specimenCode>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[998,1128,541,565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
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||
<collectingDate box="[1144,1294,541,565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-06-11">
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<date box="[1144,1294,541,565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-06-11">11-JUN-2020</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
; size
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||
<quantity box="[1363,1432,541,565]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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, 19 tentacles; preserved in formalin and deposited as
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<specimenCode box="[832,959,604,628]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">FU-014065</specimenCode>
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||
.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574469" collectingDate="2020-06-11" collectionCode="BFLA" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" specimenCode="BFLA4455, FU-014066" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="1">
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||
–
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<specimenCode box="[997,1123,604,628]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">BFLA4455</specimenCode>
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||
;
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||
<specimenCount box="[1138,1267,604,628]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1282,1431,604,628]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-06-11">
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||
<date box="[1282,1431,604,628]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-06-11">11-JUN-2020</date>
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</collectingDate>
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||
; size
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||
<quantity box="[887,959,636,660]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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||
, 18 tentacles, mature
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<specimenCount box="[1222,1278,636,660]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="male">male</specimenCount>
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; preserved in formalin and deposited as
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||
<specimenCode box="[1114,1240,667,691]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">FU-014066</specimenCode>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574433" collectingDate="2020-03-13" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[1270,1432,668,692]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-03-13">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1270,1432,668,692]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" value="2020-03-13">13-MAR-2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
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||
<specimenCount box="[832,962,699,723]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
photographed, not collected;
|
||
<quantity box="[1317,1390,699,723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 16 tentacles.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[832,1437,777,1401]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,994,777,801]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Observations:</emphasis>
|
||
Medusae with the characteristics of the genus, bell as wide as high,
|
||
<quantity box="[1206,1297,809,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4-6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, apical jelly about 1/3 of total height. Exumbrella with more or less linear arrays of nematocyst patches of variable length, starting from bell margin and alternating with tentacles, some reaching beyond mid part of bell, patches with up to 10 nematocysts, patches often lost in preserved animals. Manubrium rather broad, cruciform base giving impression of four (rarely 5) peradial basal pouches, gonads covering entire interradial wall of stomach, separated perradially, smooth surface; mouth rim much folded but not clearly with four lips, rim with nematocysts. Four (rarely 5) thin radial canals originate from basal manubrium pouches, branching dichotomously so that 4 to 5 ends reach circular canal (= solid strand). Tentacles only at ends of radial canals,
|
||
<quantity box="[832,926,1282,1306]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" unit="in" value="18.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="16.0">16-21 in</quantity>
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mature animals, oviform basal bulb, tapering in much extensible tentacles; abaxial side of bulb gastrodermis with a dark pigment, lost in formalin preserved animals.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[832,1436,1423,1637]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,951,1423,1447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">16S Data:</emphasis>
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See
|
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<tableCitation box="[1017,1103,1423,1447]" captionStart="Table 1. 16" captionStartId="4.[151,204,770,792]" captionTargetId="graphics-269@4.[151,1437,854,2063]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. 16S haplotype p-distances (% base pair differences in aligned sequence pairs) and number of haplotypes observed in the examined material. Only the species for which such a comparison was possible are listed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" tableUuid="0CC76BE25B080010FF58FC94FB897B14">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1169,1255,1423,1447]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[151,186,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[224,1329,261,1078]" captionTargetId="graphics-326@29.[224,1078,282,1040]" captionText="Fig. 16. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Proboscidactylidae and related taxa obtained with PhyML (GTR+G model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%).All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study. All samples are based on medusae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5646496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5646496/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
. The sequences of this study were quite divergent from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1328,1436,1456,1479]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1328,1436,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences from other regions, showing p-distances of up 7.5% and separating into distinct mitochondrial lineages. The lineage of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1098,1175,1549,1573]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1183,1436,1549,1573]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1183,1436,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Proboscidactyla ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without medusa buds is also clearly different from those here identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fewkes" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1020,1161,1613,1637]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1020,1161,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">P. gemmifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[832,1437,1659,1810]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,983,1659,1683]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Reportedly circumglobal in tropical and temperate waters, but in view of the genetic data presented below, the known distribution must be restricted to the coastal waters of the NE Atlantic.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1383,1436,1754,1778]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[926,982,1786,1810]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[992,1156,1785,1809]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Charleston Harbor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[832,1437,1832,2077]" lastBlockId="27.[151,757,257,1050]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,946,1832,1856]" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The present material (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1244,1336,1832,1856]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[151,186,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,257,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[163,1422,257,1891]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 14. Proboscidactyla ornata. Note that the usage of a flash brightens very much the exumbrellar nematocysts. (A-C) BFLA4357, bell size 5 mm, mature female, note that there are five radial canals leaving the manubrium. (D) BFLA4349, bell size 4 mm, subadult (?). (E) BFLA4356, bell size 4 mm, male. (F) Medusa photographed 13-MAR-2020, not collected, bell size 4 mm, note regular arrangement of exumbrellar nematocysts patches. (G) BFLA4354, bell size 4 mm, a layer of unidentified green particles is covering the subumbrella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639978/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) agreed well with the descriptions given in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McCrady" box="[1250,1437,1863,1888]" firstAuthor="McCrady" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref71787" refString="McCrady J. 1859. Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History 1: 103 - 221, pls 8 - 12." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady (1859)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[884,1040,1895,1920]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who had material from the same biogeographic region (warm temperate and tropical northwestern Atlantic;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Spalding" box="[1103,1366,1958,1982]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Spalding" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" pagination="573 - 583" refId="ref75002" refString="Spalding M. D., Fox H. E., Allen G. R., Davidson N., Ferdana Z. A., Finlayson M., Halpern B. S., Martin K. D., Mcmanus E., Molnar J., Recchia C. A., Robertson J. 2007. Marine Ecoregions of the World: a bioregionalization of coast and shelf areas. BioScience 57: 573 - 583." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Spalding
|
||
<emphasis box="[1217,1289,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="261">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The observed differences concerned the tentacle numbers which were 16 to 21, thus more variable than the 16 given in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[934,1090,2053,2077]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="25" pageNumber="261" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Our material observed in situ also had more nematocyst patches on the exumbrella, however, these are apparently lost rapidly in preserved material (likely also in net caught material). The maximum likelihood tree (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[457,542,353,377]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[151,186,1147,1169]" captionTargetBox="[224,1329,261,1078]" captionTargetId="graphics-326@29.[224,1078,282,1040]" captionText="Fig. 16. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Proboscidactylidae and related taxa obtained with PhyML (GTR+G model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%).All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study. All samples are based on medusae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5646496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5646496/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
) strongly suggests that our current concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[454,554,386,409]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,554,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises several mitochondrial lineages,
|
||
<emphasis box="[423,453,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">viz</emphasis>
|
||
. most likely species. This is also the reason why we separated the morphotype with medusa buds into a separate species (see below). Our medusae
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[307,408,514,537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[307,408,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were all rather fully grown, at least some with developed gonads. Because vegetative medusa budding might only occur in immature specimens, we cannot exclude that also
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[647,756,610,633]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[647,756,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have such a medusa budding. In this context, an observation noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayer" box="[398,552,674,698]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is interesting. He states that the budding variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[526,626,706,729]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[526,626,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confined to the region south of South Carolina, while the nonbudding form occurs from Florida up north to New
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,245,802,826]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Agassiz" box="[269,443,802,826]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref64014" refString="Agassiz A. 1865. North American Acalephae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 2: 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1865">Agassiz (1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Buzzards Bay),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fewkes" firstAuthor="Fewkes" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="251 - 289" refId="ref67772" refString="Fewkes J. W. 1882 a. Notes on acalephs from the Tortugas, with a description of new genera and species. In: Explorations of the surface fauna of the Gulf Stream, under the auspices of the U. S. Coast Survey, by Alexander Agassiz. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 9 (7): 251 - 289, pls 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1882" yearSuffix="a">Fewkes (1882a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[244,342,834,858]" name="Haiti" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calder" box="[417,566,834,858]" firstAuthor="Calder" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="130 - 132" refId="ref66813" refString="Calder D. R. 1970. North American record of the hydroid Proboscidactyla ornata (Hydrozoa, Proboscidactylidae). Chesapeake Science 11 (2): 130 - 132." type="journal article" year="1970">Calder (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Virginia) raised the medusa and did not report vegetative budding. This can be interpreted as two species with differing distributions being present. The northern limit of the budding form must be corrected to at least North Carolina as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[320,366,994,1018]" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Fewkes, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Fewkes" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Hydrozoa" family="Proboscidactylidae" genus="Proboscidactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[511,651,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="263">P. gemmifera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fewkes J. W." bookContentInfo="pls 1 - 7." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College" pageId="27" pageNumber="263" pagination="251 - 289" part="9" refId="ref67772" refString="Fewkes J. W. 1882 a. Notes on acalephs from the Tortugas, with a description of new genera and species. In: Explorations of the surface fauna of the Gulf Stream, under the auspices of the U. S. Coast Survey, by Alexander Agassiz. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 9 (7): 251 - 289, pls 1 - 7." title="Notes on acalephs from the Tortugas, with a description of new genera and species" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Explorations of the surface fauna of the Gulf Stream, under the auspices of the U. S. Coast Survey, by Alexander Agassiz" year="1882">Fewkes, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
came from Beaufort Inlet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |