315 lines
40 KiB
XML
315 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AD1FA957AB59D8E9016E7FD6CCA1AAF8">Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
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<treatment id="D0118A7C5B070019FC45F990FC2D79B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5705878" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5705878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B070019FC45F990FC2D79B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B070019FC45F990FC2D79B9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B07001FFC45F990FA8A7E3D" blockId="11.[906,1361,1541,1598]" box="[906,1361,1541,1565]" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
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<heading id="034F8C065B07001FFC45F990FA8A7E3D" bold="true" box="[906,1361,1541,1565]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B07001FFC45F990FA8A7E3D" ID-CoL="3ZTRD" ID-ENA="2793348" authority="(Agassiz & Mayer, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz & Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[906,1361,1541,1565]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Merga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="violacea">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B07001FFC45F990FA8A7E3D" bold="true" box="[906,1361,1541,1565]" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B07001FFC45F990FBE87E3D" bold="true" box="[906,1075,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">Merga violacea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFB8DF993FA917E3D" author="Agassiz & Mayer" box="[1090,1354,1541,1565]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="157 - 189" refId="ref64040" refString="Agassiz A., Mayer A. G. 1899. Acalephs from the Fiji Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 32 (9): 157 - 189, pls 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1899">Agassiz & Mayer, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="10A268E15B07001FFBF6F9B0FB7F7E1E" box="[1081,1188,1574,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" type="description">
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B07001FFBF6F9B0FB7F7E1E" blockId="11.[906,1361,1541,1598]" box="[1081,1188,1574,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
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<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B07001FFBF6F9B0FBAE7E1E" box="[1081,1141,1574,1598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 6. Merga violacea. (A-D) Specimen BFLA4006, bell height 12 mm. (A) Lateral view of whole animal, note that the bell is somewhat contracted and more elongate than normal. (B) Bell margin seen from oral, note the flat abaxial spurs above some of the tentacle bulbs (arrow). (C) Lateral view of stomach. (D) Bell margin, note rudimentary bulbs with short tentacle stumps. (E) Lateral view of younger animal observed 30-Jun-2018, size approximately 7 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639954/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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A-E
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="10A268E15B07001FFCF0F9C2FBE77F8C" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B07001FFCF0F9C2FC197EE1" blockId="11.[831,1437,1620,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B07001FFCF0F9C2FC197EE1" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFCF0F9C2FADB7E4A" author="Agassiz A. & Mayer A. G." box="[831,1280,1620,1642]" page="160" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="1899">
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B07001FFCF0F9C2FADB7E4A" ID-CoL="4CBFX" authority="Agassiz & Mayer, 1899: 160" authorityName="Agassiz & Mayer" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1899" box="[831,1280,1620,1642]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Pandea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="violacea">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B07001FFCF0F9C2FC3B7E49" box="[831,992,1620,1641]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">Pandea violacea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFC29F9C2FADB7E4A" author="Agassiz & Mayer" box="[998,1280,1620,1642]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" page="160" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="157 - 189" refId="ref64040" refString="Agassiz A., Mayer A. G. 1899. Acalephs from the Fiji Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 32 (9): 157 - 189, pls 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1899">Agassiz & Mayer, 1899: 160</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFAD4F9C2FC7E7EA6" author="Mayer A. G." page="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFAD4F9C2FC7E7EA6" author="Mayer" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref71587" refString="Mayer A. G. 1900. Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard 37 (2): 13 - 82, pls 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer, 1900: 34</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 1 fig. 1. –
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFBF3F9E7FB257EA7" author="Bigelow H. B." box="[1084,1278,1649,1671]" page="205" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="1909">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFBF3F9E7FB257EA7" author="Bigelow" box="[1084,1278,1649,1671]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" page="205" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 243" refId="ref64854" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1909. The Medusae. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Albatross " from October, 1904, to March, 1905. XVI. Memoirs of the Museum of comparative Zoology at Harvard College 37: 1 - 243, pls 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1909">Bigelow, 1909: 205</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 41, figs 10- 11. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFC0EF919FBB67E84" author="Mayer A. G." box="[961,1133,1679,1700]" page="119" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFC0EF919FBB67E84" author="Mayer" box="[961,1133,1679,1700]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="119" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref71665" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, pp. 735, plates 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 119</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, text fig. 64, pl. 11 fig. 7, pl. 12 fig. 1.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B07001FFCF0F95FFB8C7EDC" blockId="11.[831,1437,1620,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B07001FFCF0F95FFB8C7EDC" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFCF0F95FFB037EFF" author="Hartlaub C." box="[831,1240,1737,1759]" page="250" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="1914">
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B07001FFCF0F95FFB037EFF" ID-CoL="3ZTRH" authority="Hartlaub, 1914: 250" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityPageNumber="250" authorityYear="1914" box="[831,1240,1737,1759]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Mergintha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lobiancoi">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B07001FFCF0F95FFBD37EFE" box="[831,1032,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">Mergintha lobiancoi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFBDFF95FFB037EFF" author="Hartlaub" box="[1040,1240,1737,1759]" firstAuthor="Hartlaub" page="250" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="237 - 363" refId="ref69004" refString="Hartlaub C. 1914. Craspedote Medusen. Teil 1, Lieferung 3, Tiaridae. Nordisches Plankton 6: 237 - 363." type="journal article" year="1914">Hartlaub, 1914: 250</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 205.
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B07001FFAF0F95CFA907EFF" box="[1343,1355,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">–</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFA9BF95CFC357EDC" author="Kramp P. L." page="265" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="1953">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFA9BF95CFC357EDC" author="Kramp" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="265" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="259 - 322" refId="ref69698" refString="Kramp P. L. 1953. Hydromedusae. Scientific Report of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 6 (4): 259 - 322." type="journal article" year="1953">Kramp, 1953: 265</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, synonym.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58073B6A5B07001FFCF0F892FAD47F52" blockId="11.[831,1437,1620,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78A81C445B07001FFCF0F892FAD47F52" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B07001FFCF0F892FBDE7F39" box="[831,1029,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
|
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B07001FFCF0F892FC3F7F39" ID-CoL="3ZTRD" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz & Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[831,996,1796,1817]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Merga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="violacea">Merga violacea</taxonomicName>
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. –
|
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</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFBD8F892FB297F39" author="Hartlaub C." box="[1047,1266,1796,1818]" page="249" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFBD8F892FB297F39" author="Hartlaub" box="[1047,1266,1796,1818]" firstAuthor="Hartlaub" page="249" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="237 - 363" refId="ref69004" refString="Hartlaub C. 1914. Craspedote Medusen. Teil 1, Lieferung 3, Tiaridae. Nordisches Plankton 6: 237 - 363." type="journal article" year="1914">Hartlaub, 1914: 249</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 204, new combination. –
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||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFBE5F8B4FB3F7F17" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1066,1252,1825,1847]" page="265" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="1953">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFBE5F8B4FB3F7F17" author="Kramp" box="[1066,1252,1825,1847]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="265" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="259 - 322" refId="ref69698" refString="Kramp P. L. 1953. Hydromedusae. Scientific Report of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 6 (4): 259 - 322." type="journal article" year="1953">Kramp, 1953: 265</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. –
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||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFAC7F8B4FC6B7F74" author="Kramp P. L." page="116" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFAC7F8B4FC6B7F74" author="Kramp" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="116" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref69812" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp, 1959a: 116</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 106. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFBECF8A9FB0D7F74" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1059,1238,1854,1876]" page="107" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="1961">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFBECF8A9FB0D7F74" author="Kramp" box="[1059,1238,1854,1876]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="107" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref69868" refString="Kramp P. L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K. 40: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961: 107</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFB3DF8A9FA437F74" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1266,1432,1854,1876]" page="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFB3DF8A9FA437F74" author="Kramp" box="[1266,1432,1854,1876]" firstAuthor="Kramp" page="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref69950" refString="Kramp P. L. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report 72: 1 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1968">Kramp, 1968: 41</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 104. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D9191D7B5B07001FFC3DF8CAFB1A7F52" author="Schuchert P." box="[1010,1217,1884,1906]" page="355" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFC3DF8CAFB1A7F52" author="Schuchert" box="[1010,1217,1884,1906]" firstAuthor="Schuchert" page="355" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="195 - 396" refId="ref74456" refString="Schuchert P. 2007. The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 2. Revue suisse de Zoologie 114 (2): 195 - 396." type="journal article" year="2007">Schuchert, 2007: 355</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 69.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B07001FFCF0F8EFFBE77F8C" blockId="11.[831,1437,1620,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
|
||
? not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B07001FFCB3F8ECFBCD7FAE" ID-CoL="3ZTRD" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz & Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[892,1046,1913,1935]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Merga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="violacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B07001FFCB3F8ECFBCD7FAE" box="[892,1046,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">Merga violacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B07001FFBF4F8EFFB067FAE" author="Menon" box="[1083,1245,1913,1934]" firstAuthor="Menon" page="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref71864" refString="Menon M. G. K. 1932. The Hydromedusae of Madras. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, new series, Natural History Section 3 (2): 1 - 32, pls 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1932">Menon, 1932: 7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1 fig. 10. [? =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B07001FFC44F800FBEF7F8B" ID-CoL="4CBQ2" baseAuthorityName="Uchida" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[907,1076,1942,1963]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Pandeopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ikarii">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B07001FFC44F800FBEF7F8B" box="[907,1076,1942,1963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">Pandeopsis ikarii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B070019FCF0F852FF247999" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B070019FCF0F852FF247999" blockId="11.[831,1437,1988,2077]" lastBlockId="13.[151,756,257,441]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B07001FFCF0F852FBF87FFC" bold="true" box="[831,1059,1988,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">Examined material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8D031375B070019FBE5F852FD877939" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574520" collectingDate="26 - NOV- 2018" collectionCode="BFLA" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" specimenCode="BFLA4006" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="081E93115B07001FFBE5F852FB7C7FFC" box="[1066,1191,1988,2012]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">BFLA4006</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B07001FFB7EF852FAF57FFC" box="[1201,1326,1988,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C42E4425B07001FFAF7F852FCA37FDD" pageId="11" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B07001FFAF7F852FA897FFC" box="[1336,1362,1988,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" value="2018-11-26">26</date>
|
||
-NOV- 2018
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; size
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B07001FFC0CF873FBCD7FDC" box="[963,1046,2021,2045]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
high,
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B07001FFBA7F873FB607FDC" box="[1128,1211,2021,2045]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, pink colour; photographed and preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber id="47EBA6895B010019FE19FE97FD877939" box="[470,604,257,281]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW528650" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">MW528650</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8D031375B010019FDBBFE94FE5A7959" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574385" collectingDate="2018-06-30" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B010019FD5AFE97FF0B7919" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" value="2018-06-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C42E4425B010019FD5AFE97FF0B7919" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" value="2018-06-30">30-JUN- 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B010019FF2CFEB7FEBD7919" box="[227,358,289,313]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
photographed; size approximately
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B010019FF58FED4FF027979" box="[151,217,322,345]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, pink, only 2 rudimentary bulbs between tentacle pairs; not collected
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8D031375B010019FE59FEF4FF247999" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574439" collectingDate="2018-08-09" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" specimenCount="1">
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B010019FE79FEF7FD8C7959" box="[438,599,353,377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" value="2018-08-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C42E4425B010019FE79FEF7FD8C7959" box="[438,599,353,377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" value="2018-08-09">09-AUG-2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="4EBEF0E35B010019FDA1FEF7FD2F7959" box="[622,756,353,377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
photographed; size approximately
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B010019FDEBFE17FDA279B9" box="[548,633,385,409]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, pink; not collected.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="0CC76BE25B000018FF58F8DDFBC37F97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639954/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="248" startId="12.[151,186,1867,1889]" targetBox="[151,1436,258,1828]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B000018FF58F8DDFBC37F97" blockId="12.[151,1437,1867,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Fig. 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B000018FF2CF8DAFEA77F40" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz & Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[227,380,1867,1889]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Merga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="248" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="violacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B000018FF2CF8DAFEA77F40" box="[227,380,1867,1889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="248">Merga violacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A-D) Specimen BFLA4006, bell height 12 mm. (A) Lateral view of whole animal, note that the bell is somewhat contracted and more elongate than normal. (B) Bell margin seen from oral, note the flat abaxial spurs above some of the tentacle bulbs (arrow). (C) Lateral view of stomach. (D) Bell margin, note rudimentary bulbs with short tentacle stumps. (E) Lateral view of younger animal observed 30-Jun-2018, size approximately 7 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B010019FF58FE46FD5D7C69" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B010019FF58FE46FD5D7C69" blockId="13.[151,757,464,1097]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B010019FF58FE46FEEC79C8" bold="true" box="[151,311,464,488]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Observations:</emphasis>
|
||
Typical medusa of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B010019FD4CFE47FD1279C8" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1914" box="[643,713,465,488]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Merga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B010019FD4CFE47FD1279C8" box="[643,713,465,488]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Merga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, up to
|
||
<quantity id="9F40968F5B010019FF78FE67FEDD7A28" box="[183,262,497,521]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, characteristic light pink-purple colour of manubrium and tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B010019FDCAFD86FD8A7A08" box="[517,593,528,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 6. Merga violacea. (A-D) Specimen BFLA4006, bell height 12 mm. (A) Lateral view of whole animal, note that the bell is somewhat contracted and more elongate than normal. (B) Bell margin seen from oral, note the flat abaxial spurs above some of the tentacle bulbs (arrow). (C) Lateral view of stomach. (D) Bell margin, note rudimentary bulbs with short tentacle stumps. (E) Lateral view of younger animal observed 30-Jun-2018, size approximately 7 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639954/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A-E), without apical process but when fully grown with a thick apical jelly, shallow subumbrellar pockets present. Manubrium about half the height of subumbrella, very wide, connected for about half its length along the radial canals; stomach base and mouth cruciform, mouth rim slightly folded. Gonads on interradial surfaces of stomach, thin, smooth and not folded. Four radial canals broad, connected to stomach in its upper parts as mesenteries. Eight long, tapering tentacles, base laterally compressed and clasping bell margin, may be continued on exumbrella as an atypical, flat, abaxial spur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B010019FEFCFC06FE567B88" box="[307,397,912,936]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 6. Merga violacea. (A-D) Specimen BFLA4006, bell height 12 mm. (A) Lateral view of whole animal, note that the bell is somewhat contracted and more elongate than normal. (B) Bell margin seen from oral, note the flat abaxial spurs above some of the tentacle bulbs (arrow). (C) Lateral view of stomach. (D) Bell margin, note rudimentary bulbs with short tentacle stumps. (E) Lateral view of younger animal observed 30-Jun-2018, size approximately 7 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639954/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
); large red abaxial ocellus near abaxial end of bulb. Rarely also 9 tentacles observed. Alternating with the tentacles 2-5 small bulbs (max. total 34) with a short, blunt tentacle stump, all the same size and also with a red ocellus. Usually with brown pigment dots in the stomach wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B010019FDC8FBA6FDA27C69" box="[519,633,1072,1097]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 6. Merga violacea. (A-D) Specimen BFLA4006, bell height 12 mm. (A) Lateral view of whole animal, note that the bell is somewhat contracted and more elongate than normal. (B) Bell margin seen from oral, note the flat abaxial spurs above some of the tentacle bulbs (arrow). (C) Lateral view of stomach. (D) Bell margin, note rudimentary bulbs with short tentacle stumps. (E) Lateral view of younger animal observed 30-Jun-2018, size approximately 7 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639954/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Fig. 6C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B010019FF58FBC9FD137CB8" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B010019FF58FBC9FD137CB8" blockId="13.[151,755,1119,1176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B010019FF58FBC9FEF67C57" bold="true" box="[151,301,1119,1143]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Circumglobal in tropical to subtropical waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B010019FF24FB16FE457CB8" author="Schuchert" box="[235,414,1152,1176]" firstAuthor="Schuchert" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" pagination="195 - 396" refId="ref74456" refString="Schuchert P. 2007. The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 2. Revue suisse de Zoologie 114 (2): 195 - 396." type="journal article" year="2007">Schuchert, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="870385C85B010019FE60FB16FE3F7CB8" box="[431,484,1152,1176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="20AF7BFA5B010019FD86FB16FD1F7CB8" box="[585,708,1152,1176]" name="Fiji" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Fiji Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B010019FF58FB38FDF47DA7" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B010019FF58FB38FDF47DA7" blockId="13.[151,756,1198,1415]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B010019FF58FB38FED37CE7" bold="true" box="[151,264,1198,1223]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">16S Data:</emphasis>
|
||
The partial 16S gene sequence (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="47EBA6895B010019FDA7FB39FD367CE7" box="[616,749,1199,1223]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW528650" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">MW528650</accessionNumber>
|
||
) obtained was used to search for similar sequences in GenBank using the blastn function. Other similar sequences found were as expected of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B010019FDFEFA99FD447D07" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[561,671,1295,1319]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Pandeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species but had only identities below 89%. The similarities with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B010019FF36FAD9FE117D47" box="[249,458,1359,1383]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Pandeopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B010019FF36FAD9FEAF7D47" box="[249,372,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Pandeopsis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described below were also relatively low (<86%, see also
|
||
<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B010019FE2DFAF9FDF97DA7" box="[482,546,1391,1415]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[151,186,1937,1959]" captionTargetId="graphics-7@15.[50,1262,520,1548]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. 16S rRNA maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Pandeidae species obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) and based" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710580/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10A268E15B010019FF58FA08FC2D79B9" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B010019FF58FA08FD6A7E76" blockId="13.[151,756,1438,2070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B010019FF58FA08FED27D96" bold="true" box="[151,265,1438,1462]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The species has recently been redescribed and discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B010019FEA7FA28FDF07DF6" author="Schuchert" box="[360,555,1470,1494]" firstAuthor="Schuchert" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" pagination="195 - 396" refId="ref74456" refString="Schuchert P. 2007. The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 2. Revue suisse de Zoologie 114 (2): 195 - 396." type="journal article" year="2007">Schuchert (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but the problem with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="870385C85B010019FEC9FA48FEEF7DD6" box="[262,308,1502,1526]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality remains unresolved. No
|
||
<typeStatus id="870385C85B010019FD0AFA48FD287DD6" box="[709,755,1502,1526]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material could be located in the Harvard Museum of Zoology (A. Baldinger, pers. com.
|
||
<date id="2C061DAA5B010019FDF3F988FD6C7E16" box="[572,695,1566,1590]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" value="2019-06">June 2019</date>
|
||
), the museum Agassiz and Mayer were associated with.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B010019FF58F9C8FE6F7F96" blockId="13.[151,756,1438,2070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B010019FF58F9C8FE767E56" author="Agassiz & Mayer" box="[151,429,1630,1654]" firstAuthor="Agassiz" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" pagination="157 - 189" refId="ref64040" refString="Agassiz A., Mayer A. G. 1899. Acalephs from the Fiji Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 32 (9): 157 - 189, pls 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1899">Agassiz & Mayer (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
introduced the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B010019FD6DF9C8FF2A7EB6" authorityName="Agassiz & Mayer" authorityYear="1899" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Pandea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="violacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B010019FD6DF9C8FF2A7EB6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Pandea violacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a paper reporting on medusae collected in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="20AF7BFA5B010019FF58F908FF677E96" box="[151,188,1694,1718]" name="Fiji" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
archipelago.
|
||
<location id="5D676DB15B010019FE82F908FEB87E95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B070019FC45F990FC2D79B9:5D676DB15B010019FE82F908FEB87E95" box="[333,355,1694,1717]" country="Fiji" county="Archipelago" municipality="Notwithstanding" name="In" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">In</location>
|
||
the description – no figure was given – they state that they have also found indistinguishable medusae at the
|
||
<location id="5D676DB15B010019FEF5F948FEB87ED6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B070019FC45F990FC2D79B9:5D676DB15B010019FEF5F948FEB87ED6" box="[314,355,1758,1782]" country="Fiji" county="Archipelago" municipality="Notwithstanding" name="Dry" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Dry</location>
|
||
Tortugas
|
||
<location id="5D676DB15B010019FE03F948FDC37ED6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B070019FC45F990FC2D79B9:5D676DB15B010019FE03F948FDC37ED6" box="[460,536,1758,1782]" country="Fiji" county="Archipelago" municipality="Notwithstanding" name="Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Islands</location>
|
||
which they intended to illustrate in a subsequent publication.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B863A1105B010019FDF4F968FD2B7F36" box="[571,752,1790,1814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Notwithstanding</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, the paper dealt with specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="20AF7BFA5B010019FDD7F888FDE67F16" box="[536,573,1822,1846]" name="Fiji" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
and therefore the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="20AF7BFA5B010019FF58F8A8FF677F76" box="[151,188,1854,1878]" name="Fiji" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B16643E65B010019FF0FF8A8FE9F7F76" box="[192,324,1854,1878]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Archipelago</collectingCounty>
|
||
should be considered as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="870385C85B010019FDBFF8A8FD457F76" box="[624,670,1854,1878]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the species. This could be taxonomically important if future genetic studies show that the two populations belong to separate species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58073B6A5B010019FF58F828FC2D79B9" blockId="13.[151,756,1438,2070]" lastBlockId="13.[831,1437,257,409]" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">
|
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In one of our specimens (BFLA4006), some tentacle bulbs had atypical abaxial spurs formed by thickening of the exumbrellar epithelium (
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<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B010019FE08F868FDC17036" box="[455,538,2046,2070]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 6. Merga violacea. (A-D) Specimen BFLA4006, bell height 12 mm. (A) Lateral view of whole animal, note that the bell is somewhat contracted and more elongate than normal. (B) Bell margin seen from oral, note the flat abaxial spurs above some of the tentacle bulbs (arrow). (C) Lateral view of stomach. (D) Bell margin, note rudimentary bulbs with short tentacle stumps. (E) Lateral view of younger animal observed 30-Jun-2018, size approximately 7 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639954/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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). Several specimens also had brown dots in the stomach wall (
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<figureCitation id="C08327EF5B010019FADAFE97FA4B7939" box="[1301,1424,257,282]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[151,1436,258,1828]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 6. Merga violacea. (A-D) Specimen BFLA4006, bell height 12 mm. (A) Lateral view of whole animal, note that the bell is somewhat contracted and more elongate than normal. (B) Bell margin seen from oral, note the flat abaxial spurs above some of the tentacle bulbs (arrow). (C) Lateral view of stomach. (D) Bell margin, note rudimentary bulbs with short tentacle stumps. (E) Lateral view of younger animal observed 30-Jun-2018, size approximately 7 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5639954/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Fig. 6A, C</figureCitation>
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). There seem to be differences between Pacific and Atlantic individuals, including the colouration (comp.
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B010019FCF0FEF7FC057959" author="Bigelow" box="[831,990,353,377]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" pagination="1 - 243" refId="ref64854" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1909. The Medusae. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Albatross " from October, 1904, to March, 1905. XVI. Memoirs of the Museum of comparative Zoology at Harvard College 37: 1 - 243, pls 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1909">Bigelow, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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; or
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29469B5B010019FBC8FEF7FB637959" author="Schuchert" box="[1031,1208,353,377]" firstAuthor="Schuchert" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" refId="ref74770" refString="Schuchert P. 2020. World Hydrozoa Database. Accessed at http: // www. marinespecies. org / hydrozoa on 2020 - DEC- 11. DOI: 10.14284 / 357" type="book" year="2020">Schuchert, 2020</bibRefCitation>
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: photos of Australian
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<taxonomicName id="9FB840E95B010019FCF0FE14FC3D79B9" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz & Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[831,998,385,409]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Merga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="249" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="violacea">
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<emphasis id="6ACCE7785B010019FCF0FE14FC3D79B9" box="[831,998,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="249">Merga violacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |