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<document id="A6FC2FD40016A5A661350DFA0367B63F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.198404" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9849ccd-3ea1-46ec-ab62-8484a9bf957b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="198404" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460298094048" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gavrilov, Ilya A." docDate="2010" docId="C15987CEFF8E4C7616C5E945A9B9FA4D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02635p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2635" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acanthococcus aceris Signoret" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="3D60FFB6FF884C711652EE7AAB47FFEA" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of two new species of Pseudococcidae (Homoptera: Coccinea) and additions to the scale insect fauna of Bulgaria" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="32" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698252321460" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2D90216352A2EDE7D415D293EEB40C3F">Descriptions of two new species of Pseudococcidae (Homoptera: Coccinea) and additions to the scale insect fauna of Bulgaria</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C15987CEFF8E4C7616C5E945A9B9FA4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6199163" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119399330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6199163" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C15987CEFF8E4C7616C5E945A9B9FA4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C15987CEFF8E4C7616C5E945A9B9FA4D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection id="01EA6553FF8E4C7716C5E945A949F8B3" box="[151,526,1855,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="494F36D8FF8E4C7716C5E945A949F8B3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1855,2031]" box="[151,526,1855,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="120781B4FF8E4C7716C5E945A949F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,526,1855,1881]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8E4C7716C5E945A949F8B3" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[151,526,1855,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8E4C7716C5E945A949F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,526,1855,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8E4C7716C5E945AAD9F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,414,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">Acanthococcus aceris</emphasis>
Signoret
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01EA6553FF8E4C761694E91FA9B9FA4D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="494F36D8FF8E4C771694E91FAA59F805" blockId="6.[151,1436,1855,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8E4C771694E91FA87FF895" authority="Hodhson &amp; Trencheva, 2008" authorityName="Hodhson &amp; Trencheva" authorityYear="2008" box="[198,824,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melnikensis">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8E4C771694E91FAA9DF894" box="[198,474,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">Eriococcus melnikensis</emphasis>
Hodhson &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="2D614B29FF8E4C771423E91FA87FF895" author="Trencheva" box="[625,824,1893,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Trencheva, K. (2008) A new species of Eriococcus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) and redescriptions of Eriococcus roboris Goux and E. thymelaeae Newstead, with a key to the Eriococcus species on Quercus in the western Palaearctic. Zootaxa, 1959, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2008">Trencheva, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8E4C771511E91FA8EFF895" bold="true" box="[835,936,1893,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">syn. nov</emphasis>
. К 569,
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8E4C771773E9F0AAC9F84E" bold="true" box="[289,398,1930,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">
<collectingCountry id="31E77648FF8E4C771773E9F0AAC9F84E" box="[289,398,1930,1956]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Osogovo Mts., about
<quantity id="8E089B3DFF8E4C7714F4E9F0A9B5F84E" box="[678,754,1930,1956]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
S of Kustendil, flank of the mountain road, on twigs of
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8E4C7716C5E9CAABBEF823" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[151,249,1968,1993]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8E4C7716C5E9CAABBEF823" box="[151,249,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="3D4E1018FF8E4C771762E9CAAAFEF820" box="[304,441,1968,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" value="2008-06-22">
22.
<bibRefCitation id="2D614B29FF8E4C771706E9CAAAFEF820" author="VI" box="[340,441,1968,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" refString="Gavrilov I. A. &amp; Trapeznikova, I. V. (2008) Cytogenetic studies of European Pulvinariini (Homoptera: Coccidae). Comparative Cytogenetics, 2008 (2), 131 - 138." type="journal article" year="2008">VI.2008</bibRefCitation>
</date>
. Additionally
<specimenCount id="5FF6FD51FF8E4C771432E9CAA9F8F820" box="[608,703,1968,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" type="adult">29 adult</specimenCount>
females from different localities in
<collectingCountry id="31E77648FF8E4C771236E9CAAF95F820" box="[1124,1234,1968,1994]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="31E77648FF8E4C77128FE9CAAE76F820" box="[1245,1329,1968,1994]" name="Poland" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">Poland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="31E77648FF8E4C77136FE9CAAEDCF820" box="[1341,1435,1968,1994]" name="Ukraine" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="31E77648FF8E4C77169AE9AFAA5DF805" box="[200,282,2005,2031]" name="Russia" pageId="6" pageNumber="38">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="494F36D8FF8F4C761694EEEDAFFCFE78" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C761694EEEDAA53FF5B" bold="true" box="[198,276,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">Notes.</emphasis>
Recently, a new species
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C761407EEE2AFA8FF58" authority="Hodgson &amp; Trencheva (2008)" authorityName="Hodgson &amp; Trencheva" authorityYear="2008" box="[597,1263,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melnikensis">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C761407EEE2A828FF5B" box="[597,879,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">Eriococcus melnikensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D614B29FF8F4C76152EEEE2AFA8FF58" author="Hodgson" box="[892,1263,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Trencheva, K. (2008) A new species of Eriococcus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) and redescriptions of Eriococcus roboris Goux and E. thymelaeae Newstead, with a key to the Eriococcus species on Quercus in the western Palaearctic. Zootaxa, 1959, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2008">Hodgson &amp; Trencheva (2008)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, similar to
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7613D1EEE2ABA2FF3C" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7613D1EEE2ABA2FF3C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was described from
<collectingCountry id="31E77648FF8F4C7617A9EEC7A929FF3D" box="[507,622,189,215]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of the new species in the original description did not include a comparison of the adult females with those of
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C761237EE98AF9FFF11" box="[1125,1240,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C761237EE98AF9FFF11" box="[1125,1240,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, the description of
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C761713EF72AAEDFECB" box="[321,426,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C761713EF72AAEDFECB" box="[321,426,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="2D614B29FF8F4C761782EF72A877FEC8" author="Hodgson" box="[464,816,264,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Trencheva, K. (2008) A new species of Eriococcus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) and redescriptions of Eriococcus roboris Goux and E. thymelaeae Newstead, with a key to the Eriococcus species on Quercus in the western Palaearctic. Zootaxa, 1959, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2008">Hodgson &amp; Trencheva (2008)</bibRefCitation>
is very brief in comparison with huge description of the new species and was based on the short description by
<bibRefCitation id="2D614B29FF8F4C761512EF57AF47FEAD" author="Williams" box="[832,1024,301,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Williams, D. J. (1985) The British and some other European Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology Ser. 51, 347 - 393." type="book chapter" year="1985">Williams (1985)</bibRefCitation>
and several females collected from one population in Padova (
<collectingCountry id="31E77648FF8F4C761783EF28A94BFE86" box="[465,524,338,364]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">Italy</collectingCountry>
). The two characters used by
<bibRefCitation id="2D614B29FF8F4C76153AEF28AF80FE86" author="Hodgson" box="[872,1223,338,364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Trencheva, K. (2008) A new species of Eriococcus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) and redescriptions of Eriococcus roboris Goux and E. thymelaeae Newstead, with a key to the Eriococcus species on Quercus in the western Palaearctic. Zootaxa, 1959, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2008">Hodgson &amp; Trencheva (2008)</bibRefCitation>
for the separation of these two species were included in the key only (p. 37, l.c.). These two characters were:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="494F36D8FF8F4C761697EFE7A821FD56" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">
1)
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7616B6EFE7AA13FE5C" box="[228,340,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7616B6EFE7AA08FE5C" box="[228,335,413,438]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">A. aceris</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7617AEEFE7A803FE5C" box="[508,836,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melnikensis" subGenus="Eriococcus">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7617AEEFE7A952FE5C" box="[508,533,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C761475EFE7A9ECFE5C" box="[551,683,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">Eriococcus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7614EEEFE7A803FE5C" box="[700,836,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">melnikensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has setae on antennal segment III. However, there is no enlargement of the antennae in the figure of
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7614ACEFB8A82BFE31" box="[766,876,450,475]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7614ACEFB8A82BFE31" box="[766,876,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 11, page 29, in Hodgson &amp; Trencheva). Based on material preserved in Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, and on descriptions by Borchsenius (1949) and
<bibRefCitation id="2D614B29FF8F4C76169BEC77AACCFDCD" author="Williams" box="[201,395,525,551]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Williams, D. J. (1985) The British and some other European Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology Ser. 51, 347 - 393." type="book chapter" year="1985">Williams (1985)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7617CAEC77A946FDCC" box="[408,513,525,550]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7617CAEC77A946FDCC" box="[408,513,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can have 6 or 7 segmented antennae. When a female has 6 segments, segment III is rather long and bears 2 or 3 setae on its distal part. However, segment III is often more or less divided in two parts and then the new! segment III has no setae, because these remain on the new segment IV. It is well known, that the division or fusion of antennal segments often occurs in scale insects and sometimes a female can have different numbers of segments on two her antennae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="494F36D8FF8F4C761697ECB2A8CBFC76" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">
2)
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7616B4ECB2AAD4FD0B" box="[230,403,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melnikensis">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7616B4ECB2AAD4FD0B" box="[230,403,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. melnikensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has “ventral medium-sized macrotubular ducts only present submarginally, mainly on head and posterior abdominal segments” in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C761537EC97A89EFCEC" box="[869,985,749,774]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C761537EC97A89EFCEC" box="[869,985,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has “ventral medium-sized macrotubular ducts present medially on most abdominal segments”. However, in the figure (Fig. 7, p. 18, l.c.), only two sizes of ducts are enlarged. Moreover, the description of the new species does not include the size of these ducts; it is written (p. 14) that they are “slightly smaller” than the large ones. In the description of
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7613D0ED27AB98FC71" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7613D0ED27AB98FC71" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 28, l.c.), the sizes of the ducts are not mentioned at all.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="494F36D8FF8F4C761697EDD2AA16FB48" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">
In the description of
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7617E9EDD2A963FC2B" box="[443,548,936,961]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7617E9EDD2A963FC2B" box="[443,548,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="2D614B29FF8F4C761402EDD2A854FC28" author="Williams" box="[592,787,936,962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Williams, D. J. (1985) The British and some other European Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology Ser. 51, 347 - 393." type="book chapter" year="1985">Williams (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, the medium-sized ducts are &quot;... not numerous [and are present], in more or less single rows on abdominal segments and around submargins to head&quot;. So, there is no significant difference in this character even in the descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7615E0ED88AF5AFBE1" box="[946,1053,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7615E0ED88AF5AFBE1" box="[946,1053,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C76120BED88AE40FBE1" box="[1113,1287,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melnikensis">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C76120BED88AE40FBE1" box="[1113,1287,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. melnikensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on a study of material in St Petersburg of
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C761438EA62A99EFBDB" box="[618,729,1048,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C761438EA62A99EFBDB" box="[618,729,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from different localities, these two species appear to be identical. Unfortunately, this is not surprising because the distribution and number of ducts (or pores) varies very significantly in many scale insect species, especially in widely distributed common species, such as
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7613D1EA19AA16FB48" authority="Signoret." authorityName="Signoret." class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7613D1EA19AB98FB4B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
Signoret.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="494F36D8FF8F4C761697EAD7A9B9FA4D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">
Differences were also noted by
<bibRefCitation id="2D614B29FF8F4C76141BEAD7A8F1FB2D" author="Hodgson" box="[585,950,1197,1223]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Trencheva, K. (2008) A new species of Eriococcus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) and redescriptions of Eriococcus roboris Goux and E. thymelaeae Newstead, with a key to the Eriococcus species on Quercus in the western Palaearctic. Zootaxa, 1959, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2008">Hodgson &amp; Trencheva (2008)</bibRefCitation>
between first-instar larvae of these two species – in particular, the size and form of the spinose setae. These differences were based on a study of
<specimenCount id="5FF6FD51FF8F4C7613DFEAA8AB98FAF8" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
from one population of each species.
<collectingCountry id="31E77648FF8F4C7614C8EA82A9FCFAF8" box="[666,699,1272,1298]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">As</collectingCountry>
the variation of morphological characters in the larvae of scale insects has not been well studied, it is not known what the differences between larvae from different localities, different host plants, etc are likely to be significant. Until there is a clearer understanding of this variation, their taxonomic significance is unknown. Therefore, based on the above mentioned comments, I consider that
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7616C5EBF7AA07FA4C" box="[151,320,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melnikensis">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7616C5EBF7AA07FA4C" box="[151,320,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. melnikensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a new junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8EF04D5BFF8F4C7614DCEBF7A9B0FA4C" box="[654,759,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="7B84EACAFF8F4C7614DCEBF7A9B0FA4C" box="[654,759,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="39">A. aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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