treatments-xml/data/96/0C/87/960C8792160D753256E3FBDBB043BD41.xml

<document id="3F683CAFF5EF07822886A1792F368C0D" ID-CLB-Dataset="8980" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f91a52d-de34-47ed-80ac-9dc7c1bf915c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4398015" ID-ZooBank="560370FE-B271-48D2-A720-DB9034CE308E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609211755247" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kluge, Nikita J." docDate="2020" docId="960C8792160D753256E3FBDBB043BD41" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4820.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4820 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Demoulinia Gillies 1990" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="441" masterDocId="6A35FFEA160C75315674FFF5B178BE78" masterDocTitle="Demoulinia Gillies 1990 and two unnamed genera of the plesiomorphon Protopatellata (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="464" masterPageNumber="438" pageNumber="439" updateTime="1698848356202" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="C467373FE095ABCE5110375B2F1A4D4D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8368084A6D914E38FB6693C9F14E4FE7">
<mods:title id="F4FE3C873B15084BD5A3AC260601E5C5">Demoulinia Gillies 1990 and two unnamed genera of the plesiomorphon Protopatellata (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C48446EE769B988C22C8970D5612EBA7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E6117D38B29514E08D455D77C4F3D7EF">
<mods:roleTerm id="FD477A8DE5AA354C94190B494603550B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2C39794F3DDF6A5E53107AC351A02865">Kluge, Nikita J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="43350E11B6934E012182A2ED7C6ECFC6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D9872BF6A15745D7C6475366087DCB58" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="0E7160F57B0E3E646AB87233C5655EC4">
<mods:title id="90E9C6D177E23EA409FB027D796BB011">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="13E83BBC29EB33DAD4F675495B508F45">
<mods:date id="844B13E887A6BDA6E69807A7D96DDDEC">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2CA29B926093F2BEAF673BE2081281FD" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="72616F3AFF940ECFB26DCDA6967C0BD8">2020-07-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="FF4EE61453E7BA698906DB2D16BCBB36" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F93088F57AD525F1A6215FE7BA635B5E">4820</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="6103D634ED708103FCF1872C62DD82F6" type="issue">
<mods:number id="D246614EE6FD6FCA8226CFEC09B9202D">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A22BB345D1DD00167A2F74711260DE32" unit="page">
<mods:start id="CDA42F00AA1A485EAA160B9E0BE8DD23">438</mods:start>
<mods:end id="3CB1A32F4DDF4AE1CBF0E344C70369F3">464</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="A060216FA594EF8D1B09257C694CDFE1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="985828BD6651E7756734751E545AA192" type="CLB-Dataset">8980</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DBF92F6BF2E414EDE1E24FB64C6523E1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DA4A1F1D88B5A395C2F92D9E476D58ED" type="GBIF-Dataset">8f91a52d-de34-47ed-80ac-9dc7c1bf915c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A35E639D771A53F0F6870B24B31C660E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F4D8C373990B9E543FC7BFCDCCE873A0" type="Zenodo-Dep">4398015</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F2AE5794AA3B3943A1154B29DD1E91E2" type="ZooBank">560370FE-B271-48D2-A720-DB9034CE308E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="960C8792160D753256E3FBDBB043BD41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398131" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176569592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4398131" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:960C8792160D753256E3FBDBB043BD41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/960C8792160D753256E3FBDBB043BD41" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="441" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">
<subSubSection id="56BF650F160D753056E3FBDBB36DBA31" box="[151,533,1070,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160D753056E3FBDBB36DBA31" blockId="1.[151,1437,1070,2033]" box="[151,533,1070,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">
<heading id="455281E8160D753056E3FBDBB36DBA31" bold="true" box="[151,533,1070,1097]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D753056E3FBDBB36DBA31" bold="true" box="[151,533,1070,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">
Autapomorphies of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D753057F1FBDBB376BA31" ID-CoL="42WK" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1990" box="[389,526,1070,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D753057F1FBDBB376BA31" bold="true" box="[389,526,1070,1097]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">Demoulinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56BF650F160D753256B3FBA7B043BD41" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="441" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" type="description">
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160D753056B3FBA7B1BCBB3D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1070,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D753056B3FBA7B19FBA14" bold="true" box="[199,231,1106,1132]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">(1)</emphasis>
In male imago, the terminal (3rd) segment of gonostylus has unique structure: it is hooked and pointed; cuticle of its outer side (directed caudally) is thick, rigid, smooth and sharply convex, while cuticle of its other sides is thin and rugose (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160D7530571AFB6EB089BACE" box="[366,497,1179,1206]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–61" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1374,1398]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,310,1351]" captionTargetId="figure-80@16.[151,1436,309,1351]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 57–61. Male genitalia of Demoulinia spp. 57, D. insularis (paratype of D. assimilis), subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle. 58–61, D. crassi: 58, subimaginal gonostyli extracted from larva; 59, imaginal genitalia; 60–61, apex of imaginal gonostylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">Figs 60–61</figureCitation>
). In subimago, the terminal segment of gonostylus is also pointed, with larger outer side and smaller inner side (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160D753057B8FB4AB367BAA2" box="[460,543,1215,1242]" captionStart="FIGURES 62–66" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,193,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-32@17.[151,1435,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 62–66. Male genitalia of Demoulinia crassi. 62, penis, ventral view (left muscles not shown); 63, genitalia, ventral view (penis dotted; left gonovectal muscle and right styligeral muscle not shown); 64, penis (dotted), posterior view (left muscle not shown); 65, subimaginal gonostyli crumpled under larval cuticle; 66, exuviae subimaginal of gonostyli (gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, segments of gonostylus; m.gv, gonovectal-sternal muscle; m.g-t, gonovectal-tergal muscle; m.pp, paces of attachment of muscles going to paraprocts; m.sg, sterno-styligeral muscle; usg, unistyliger)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
), but its subimaginal cuticle is entirely thin and covered with microtrichia, as are other gonostylar segments and most of other body parts. This shape of the terminal gonostylar segment is already expressed in subimaginal gonostyli which are crumpled under larval cuticle before moult to subimago (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160D75305363FAF2B4EFBB59" box="[1303,1431,1286,1313]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–61" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1374,1398]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,310,1351]" captionTargetId="figure-80@16.[151,1436,309,1351]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 57–61. Male genitalia of Demoulinia spp. 57, D. insularis (paratype of D. assimilis), subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle. 58–61, D. crassi: 58, subimaginal gonostyli extracted from larva; 59, imaginal genitalia; 60–61, apex of imaginal gonostylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">Figs 57–58</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160D753056E3FADFB1CFBB3D" box="[151,183,1322,1349]" captionStart="FIGURES 62–66" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,193,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-32@17.[151,1435,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 62–66. Male genitalia of Demoulinia crassi. 62, penis, ventral view (left muscles not shown); 63, genitalia, ventral view (penis dotted; left gonovectal muscle and right styligeral muscle not shown); 64, penis (dotted), posterior view (left muscle not shown); 65, subimaginal gonostyli crumpled under larval cuticle; 66, exuviae subimaginal of gonostyli (gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, segments of gonostylus; m.gv, gonovectal-sternal muscle; m.g-t, gonovectal-tergal muscle; m.pp, paces of attachment of muscles going to paraprocts; m.sg, sterno-styligeral muscle; usg, unistyliger)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">65</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160D753056B3FABAB0D1B865" blockId="1.[151,1437,1070,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">
Male imagines are known for 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D7530546DFABAB306BB10" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1970" box="[537,638,1359,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassi">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D7530546DFABAB306BB10" box="[537,638,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">D. crassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only. Conclusion that another species, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D75305242FABAB5C2BB11" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[1078,1210,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D75305242FABAB5C2BB11" box="[1078,1210,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">D. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D75305296FABAB41EBB11" authorityName="Gattolliat" authorityYear="2003" box="[1250,1382,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D75305296FABAB41EBB11" box="[1250,1382,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">D. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) has the same structure of the terminal gonostylar segment, is based on the fact that the same shape occurs in subimaginal gonostyli located under larval cuticle of a 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160D753054D5FA62B279BBC9" box="[673,769,1431,1457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D7530555DFA62B2D6BBC9" authorityName="Gattolliat" authorityYear="2003" box="[809,942,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D7530555DFA62B2D6BBC9" box="[809,942,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">D. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160D753055CAFA62B56CBBC9" box="[958,1044,1430,1457]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–61" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1374,1398]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,310,1351]" captionTargetId="figure-80@16.[151,1436,309,1351]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 57–61. Male genitalia of Demoulinia spp. 57, D. insularis (paratype of D. assimilis), subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle. 58–61, D. crassi: 58, subimaginal gonostyli extracted from larva; 59, imaginal genitalia; 60–61, apex of imaginal gonostylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
). Among the type specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D753053F5FA62B181BBAD" authorityName="Gattolliat" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D753053F5FA62B181BBAD" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">D. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only one male larva is mature enough to examine this character (Gattolliat, personal communication); the description of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D7530574DFA2AB0C6BB81" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[313,446,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D7530574DFA2AB0C6BB81" box="[313,446,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">D. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on the single female larva (see below); no other specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D75305283FA2AB404BB81" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[1271,1404,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D75305283FA2AB404BB81" box="[1271,1404,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">D. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D753056E3F9F6B063B865" authorityName="Gattolliat" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,283,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D753056E3F9F6B063B865" box="[151,283,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">D. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160D753056B3F9D3B28AB8A9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1070,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D753056B3F9D3B190B838" bold="true" box="[199,232,1574,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">(2)</emphasis>
Larva has unique shape of labial palp (which retains all 3 segments and muscle moving 3rd segment): its 2nd segment bears a large distal-medial projection of nearly quadrate form; more distal angle of this projection is rounded, and more proximal angle bears a small sclerotized point; distal margin of the projection of 2nd palpomere and apex of 3rd palpomere bear heavy spine-like setae (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160D7530548BF966B207B8D5" box="[767,895,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–31" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-16@10.[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 26–31. Labium of Demoulinia crassi. 26, cross section of glossae and paraglossae; 27, labium and maxilla; 28–31, exuviae of glossae, paraglossae and labial palp: 28–29, with focus on ventral side; 30–31, with focus on dorsal side (gl:dl, dorsolateral row of stout setae on glossa; gl:m, median row of stout setae on glossa; gl:vm, setae corresponding to ventro-median row of glossa; pg:dm, dorso-median row of long setae on paraglossa; pg:la, latero-apical long setae of paraglossa; pg:vm, long setae corresponding to ventro-median row of paraglossa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398027/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">Figs 29, 31</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160D753055FEF966B5F5B8D5" author="Wuillot, J. &amp; Gillies, M. T." box="[906,1165,1683,1709]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" pagination="213 - 217" refId="ref11494" refString="Wuillot, J. &amp; Gillies, M. T. (1993) Cheleocloeon, a new genus of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) from West Africa. Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale, 26 (3), 213 - 217." type="journal article" year="1993">Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1993</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 21; 
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160D75305299F966B4E0B8D5" author="Gattolliat, J. - L." box="[1261,1432,1683,1709]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref10074" refString="Gattolliat, J. - L. (2003) The genera Demoulinia Gillies and Potamocloeon Gillies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Madagascar. Zootaxa, 184 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 184.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Gattolliat 2003</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6). Shape and setation of other parts of labium are also unusual [see (9)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160D753056B3F92FB0B9B945" blockId="1.[151,1437,1070,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D753056B3F92FB190B88C" bold="true" box="[199,232,1754,1780]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">(3)</emphasis>
Tibiae of all larval legs lack patella-tibial suture. Row of long hairs on outer-anterior side (at the place corresponding to the outer-proximal end of the patella-tibial suture, had it been present) is stretched along tibia and curved S-shaped (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160D75305714F8D6B0CDB945" box="[352,437,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–38" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-32@11.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 32–38. Larval legs of Demoulinia spp. 32–37, D. crassi: 32, exuviae of hind leg; 33, inner side of fore tarsus; 34, femoral-tibial of hind leg, focus on anterior side; 35–37, claws. 38, D. insularis (holotype), fragment of claw with subimaginal claws inside (arrow shows row of vestigial denticles on inner side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160D753356B3F8B2B245BE81" blockId="1.[151,1437,1070,2033]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="440" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">
Unlike larvae, subimago and imago of both sexes have patella-tibial suture on middle and hind legs, but not on fore leg (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160D75305689F89EB0FAB9FE" box="[253,386,1899,1926]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–70" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-16@18.[151,1435,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 67–70. Females of Demoulinia crassi. 67–68, female imago; 69–70, subimaginal exuviae of tibia and tarsus: 69, middle leg; 70, fore leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398041/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">Figs 69–70</figureCitation>
). Absence of this suture on fore legs of female subimago and imago testifies that 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D7530536CF89EB4E4B9FD" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1990" box="[1304,1436,1899,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D7530536CF89EB4E4B9FD" box="[1304,1436,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">Demoulinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the plesiomorphon Protopatellata 
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160D753054F9F87AB2DDB9D1" author="Kluge, N. J. &amp; Novikova, E. A." box="[653,933,1935,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref11014" refString="Kluge, N. J. &amp; Novikova, E. A. (2011) Systematics of the mayfly taxon Acentrella (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), with description of new Asian and African species. Russian Entomological Journal, 20 (1), 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 20.1.01" type="journal article" year="2011">Kluge &amp; Novikova 2011</bibRefCitation>
, while the larval structure is derived. Among 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D753056E3F846B184B9B5" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,252,1971,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
, the patella-tibial suture is smoothed out or lost in some taxa whose larvae have strengthened legs and are adapted for inhabiting rapidly flowing streams, such as 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D7530548BF822B530B989" authority="Lestage 1918" authorityName="Lestage" authorityYear="1918" box="[767,1096,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptiloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D7530548BF822B2D4B989" box="[767,940,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">Centroptiloides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160D753055C6F822B530B989" author="Lestage, J. - A." box="[946,1096,2007,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" pagination="65 - 114" refId="ref11245" refString="Lestage, J. - A. (1918) Les Ephemeres d'Afrique (Notes critiques sur les especes connues). Revue Zoologique Africaine, 6, 65 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19452" type="journal article" year="1918">Lestage 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160D75335208F822B058BEC9" authority="Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1994" authorityName="Wuillot &amp; Gillies" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Dicentroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="440" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160D75305208F822B45EB989" box="[1148,1318,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="439">Dicentroptilum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160D75335358F822B058BEC9" author="Wuillot, J. &amp; Gillies, M. T." lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="440" pageId="1" pageNumber="439" pagination="133 - 140" refId="ref11535" refString="Wuillot, J. &amp; Gillies, M. T. (1994) Dicentroptilum, a new genus of mayflies (Baetidae, Ephemeroptera) from Africa. Aquatic Insects, 16 (3), 133 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429409361547" type="journal article" year="1994">Wuillot &amp; Gillies 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
among Protopatellata or 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335443FF62B2A1BEC9" authority="Waltz &amp; McCafferty 1985" authorityName="Waltz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1985" box="[567,985,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Moribaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335443FF62B3CABEC9" box="[567,690,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Moribaetis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E753354C3FF62B2A1BEC9" author="Waltz, R. D. &amp; McCafferty, W. P." box="[695,985,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="239 - 251" refId="ref11449" refString="Waltz, R. D. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1985) Moribaetis: A new genus of Neotropical Baetidae (Ephemeroptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 87 (1), 239 - 251." type="journal article" year="1985">Waltz &amp; McCafferty 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
among Anteropatellata (
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E7533529EFF62B06ABEAD" author="Kluge, N. J. &amp; Bernal Vega, J. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="231 - 257" refId="ref10874" refString="Kluge, N. J. &amp; Bernal Vega, J. A. (2018) Redescription of the Central American genus Moribaetis Waltz &amp; McCafferty 1985 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Zootaxa, 4521 (2), 231 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4521.2.5" type="journal article" year="2018">Kluge &amp; Bernal Vega 2018</bibRefCitation>
: figs 25–27). The complete loss of patella-tibial suture on slender legs of the « 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533520DFF4EB5B2BEAD" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1145,1226,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E7533520DFF4EB5B2BEAD" box="[1145,1226,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Cloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
»- 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160E753352AAFF4EB46ABEAD" box="[1246,1298,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">type</typeStatus>
» [see (4)] is a unique feature of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335705FF2AB08DBE81" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1990" box="[369,501,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335705FF2AB08DBE81" box="[369,501,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Demoulinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not found in other 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753354A7FF2AB241BE81" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[723,825,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160E753356B3FEF7B330BF65" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,584,258,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356B3FEF7B330BF65" bold="true" box="[199,584,258,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
Other characters of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753357CCFEF7B339BF65" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1990" box="[440,577,258,285]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753357CCFEF7B339BF65" bold="true" box="[440,577,258,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Demoulinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160E753356B3FED3B591BFD5" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356B3FED3B190BF38" bold="true" box="[199,232,294,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">(4)</emphasis>
Larva of the « 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753357FDFED2B0A2BF39" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[393,474,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753357FDFED2B0A2BF39" box="[393,474,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Cloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160E75335796FED2B36FBF39" box="[482,535,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">type</typeStatus>
», adapted for inhabiting stagnant water (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160E753355ADFED2B563BF39" box="[985,1051,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-32@5.[151,1436,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Larva of Demoulinia crassi. 1, Female larva of last instar; 2–3, exuviae of male larvae: 2, left half of prothorax and mesothorax; 3, abdomen; 4, abdomen of male subimago extracted from mature larva (to show hypodermal larval coloration); 5, tergalius III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398017/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
): abdomen is relatively long, cerci and paracercus are subequal, with dense and long primary swimming setae (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160E7533558FFEBEB505BF1D" box="[1019,1149,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–44" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-16@12.[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 39–44. Exuviae of larval abdomen of Demoulinia spp. 39–43, D. crassi: 39, lateral and posterior area of abdominal tergum VII; 40, anterior-lateral area of abdominal sternum VI; 41, caudalii; 42, fragment of cercus; 43, paraproct. 44, D. insularis (holotype), median margin of paraproct (scale bar refers to Figs 39, 40, 42, 43)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398031/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Figs 41–42</figureCitation>
) (that is the siphlonuroid swimming specialization initial for 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533545DFE9AB3A2BFF2" box="[553,730,367,394]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
); legs are long and slender, with slender femora [see (11)] and long claws [see (13)]; tergalii are large and adopted for effective respiratory movements [see (14)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160E753356B3FE43B598BF8D" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356B3FE43B190BFA8" bold="true" box="[199,232,438,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">(5)</emphasis>
Labrum with long setae irregularly scattered on outer surface, i.e. without constant submedian pair and without pair of regular submarginal setal rows (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160E7533540EFE2EB395BF8D" box="[634,749,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@6.[151,1436,181,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6–12. Labrum of Demoulinia spp., dorsal view. 6–7, D. insularis (holotype). 8–12, D. crassi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398019/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Figs 7–11</figureCitation>
). This is also seen in some other baetid taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160E753356B3FE0AB57CBC1A" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
Within one population of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335793FE0AB334BC60" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1970" box="[487,588,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassi">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335793FE0AB334BC60" box="[487,588,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">D. crassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, some individuals have long setae more or less evenly scattered over whole outer surface (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160E75335743FDD6B0F0BC45" box="[311,392,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@6.[151,1436,181,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6–12. Labrum of Demoulinia spp., dorsal view. 6–7, D. insularis (holotype). 8–12, D. crassi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398019/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), in some others long setae form a pair of irregular rows parallel to distal margin (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160E7533536CFDD6B424BC45" box="[1304,1372,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@6.[151,1436,181,1836]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6–12. Labrum of Demoulinia spp., dorsal view. 6–7, D. insularis (holotype). 8–12, D. crassi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398019/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). The same variability occurs in 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753357CBFDB2B33BBC19" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[447,579,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753357CBFDB2B33BBC19" box="[447,579,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">D. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533541EFDB2B396BC19" authorityName="Gattolliat" authorityYear="2003" box="[618,750,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E7533541EFDB2B396BC19" box="[618,750,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">D. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see discussion below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160E753356B3FD9FB0F0BAD9" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356B3FD9FB190BCFC" bold="true" box="[199,232,618,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">(6)</emphasis>
Mandibles of the « 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753357B8FD9EB318BCFD" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1869" box="[460,608,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753357B8FD9EB318BCFD" box="[460,608,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Centroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160E7533541DFD9EB3E7BCFD" box="[617,671,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">type</typeStatus>
». In most 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533556EFD9EB204BCFD" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[794,892,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
the kinetodontium is fused with the incisor; in this case the left prostheca is wide, terminated with 3–6 blunt denticles and 2–4 pointed denticles; all denticles of incisor, kinetodontium, prostheca and mola are visible in one view (
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E753355EFFD46B55EBCB5" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[923,1062,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" refId="ref10407" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge 2004</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 29B); this structure of mandibles can be termed « 
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753357E2FD22B362BC89" bold="true" box="[406,538,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753357E2FD22B0A6BC89" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[406,478,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753357E2FD22B0A6BC89" bold="true" box="[406,478,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Baetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160E75335791FD22B362BC89" box="[485,538,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
». In some non-related taxa, mandibles have a modified structure, which can be termed « 
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E7533568FFD0FB0A9BD6D" bold="true" box="[251,465,762,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533568FFD0FB0EDBD6D" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1869" box="[251,405,762,789]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E7533568FFD0FB0EDBD6D" bold="true" box="[251,405,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Centroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160E753357E8FD0EB0A9BD6D" box="[412,465,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
»: kinetodontium is separated from incisor (but remains to be immovable) and rotated perpendicular to the plane of mandible, so that its denticles hide one another in dorsal or ventral view; left prostheca is bifurcate and rotated in the same manner (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160E753354FDFCB6B274BD25" box="[649,780,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–20" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,292,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-56@8.[151,1436,273,1844]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–20. Mandibles of Demoulinia crassi. 13, 16, 19, left mandible; 14, 17, 20, right mandible; 15, apex of right mandible, proximal view (inc, incisor; kd, kinetodontium; prs, prostheca)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398023/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Figs 14–15</figureCitation>
). This « 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335511FCB6B281BD25" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1869" box="[869,1017,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335511FCB6B281BD25" box="[869,1017,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Centroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160E75335275FCB6B54CBD25" box="[1025,1076,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">type</typeStatus>
» of mandibles occurs in the unrelated taxa 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335756FC92B0DEBDF9" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1990" box="[290,422,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335756FC92B0DEBDF9" box="[290,422,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Demoulinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753357C1FC92B331BDF9" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1869" box="[437,585,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753357C1FC92B331BDF9" box="[437,585,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Centroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533542CFC92B2FEBDF9" authority="Kluge 2012 a" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="2012" box="[600,902,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Anafroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E7533542CFC92B394BDF9" box="[600,748,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Anafroptilum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E75335481FC92B2FEBDF9" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[757,902,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="361 - 376" refId="ref10494" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2012 a) Non-African representatives of the plesiomorphon Protopatellata (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Russian Entomological Journal, 20 (4), 361 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 20.4.02" type="journal article" year="2012">Kluge 2012a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E753355E1FC92B5CBBDF9" author="Kluge, N. J. &amp; Novikova, E. A." box="[917,1203,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="453 - 472" refId="ref11135" refString="Kluge, N. J. &amp; Novikova, E. A. (2017) Occurrence of Anafroptilum Kluge 2012 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Oriental Region. Zootaxa, 4282 (3), 453 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4282.3.2" type="journal article" year="2017">Kluge &amp; Novikova 2017</bibRefCitation>
: figs 13–14, 38–39), 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753356E3FC7EB252BDDD" authority="Jacob (in Jacob &amp; Glazaczow)" box="[151,810,907,934]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Pseudocentroptiloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356E3FC7EB0E8BDDD" box="[151,400,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Pseudocentroptiloides</emphasis>
Jacob (in Jacob &amp; Glazaczow) 1987
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335540FC7EB507BDDD" authority="Jacobus et al. 2006" authorityName="Jacobus" authorityYear="2006" box="[820,1151,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Securiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335540FC7EB2DABDDD" box="[820,930,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Securiops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E753355DCFC7EB507BDDD" author="Jacobus, L. M. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. &amp; Gattolliat, J. - L." box="[936,1151,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="129 - 140" refId="ref10265" refString="Jacobus, L. M., McCafferty, W. P. &amp; Gattolliat, J. - L. (2006) Taxonomy of Afrotropical Securiops, new genus, and Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). African Entomology, 14 (1), 129 - 140." type="journal article" year="2006">
Jacobus 
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335273FC7EB54FBDDD" box="[1031,1079,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753352FDFC7EB4E4BDDD" authority="Kluge 2020" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="2020" box="[1161,1436,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Monilistylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="subgen. nov.">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753352FDFC7EB46BBDDD" box="[1161,1299,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Monilistylus</emphasis>
Kluge 2020
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E753356EBFC5AB04FBDB1" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[159,311,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="573 - 587" refId="ref10765" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2020 a) New subgenus Monilistylus subgen. n. and a new species Procloeon (Monilistylus) ornatipennis sp. n. (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae: Procloeon). Zootaxa, 4742 (3), 573 - 587. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4742.3.11" type="journal article" year="2020">Kluge 2020a</bibRefCitation>
: figs 18–25), 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753357A2FC5AB3A6BDB1" authority="Eaton 1881" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[470,734,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Callibaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753357A2FC5AB329BDB1" box="[470,593,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Callibaetis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E7533542EFC5AB3A6BDB1" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[602,734,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="191 - 197" refId="ref9955" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1881) An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 17, 191 - 197." type="journal article" year="1881">Eaton 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335498FC5AB57ABDB1" authority="Day 1955" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1955" box="[748,1026,942,969]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Paracloeodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335498FC5AB2FEBDB1" box="[748,902,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Paracloeodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E753355FBFC5AB57ABDB1" author="Day, W. C." box="[911,1026,942,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="121 - 137" refId="ref9838" refString="Day, W. C. (1955) New genera of mayflies from California (Ephemeroptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 31, 121 - 137." type="journal article" year="1955">Day 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533527BFC5AB583BDB1" authority="Day 1955" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1955" box="[1039,1275,942,969]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Apobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E7533527BFC5AB507BDB1" box="[1039,1151,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Apobaetis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E753352FCFC5AB583BDB1" author="Day, W. C." box="[1160,1275,942,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="121 - 137" refId="ref9838" refString="Day, W. C. (1955) New genera of mayflies from California (Ephemeroptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 31, 121 - 137." type="journal article" year="1955">Day 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533537CFC5AB087BD95" authority="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1995" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Waltzoyphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E7533537CFC5AB4E4BDB1" box="[1288,1436,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Waltzoyphius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E753356E3FC26B087BD95" author="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P." box="[151,511,978,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="233 - 243" refId="ref11291" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1995) Three distinctive new genera of Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from South America. Annales de Limnologie, 31 (4), 233 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1995021" type="journal article" year="1995">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and some other taxa (e.g., see Protopatellata gen. sp. 1 below); among them, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533530CFC26B193BA68" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Securiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E7533530CFC26B193BA68" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Securiops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533568EFC02B08BBA69" box="[250,499,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Pseudocentroptiloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E7533568EFC02B08BBA69" box="[250,499,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Pseudocentroptiloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533545FFC02B3CDBA69" authority="Kluge, 2020" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="2020" box="[555,693,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Procloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Monilistylus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E7533545FFC02B3CDBA69" box="[555,693,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Monilistylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to the holophyletic taxon 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335246FC02B5D1BA69" authorityName="Bengtsson" authorityYear="1915" box="[1074,1193,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Procloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procloeon</taxonomicName>
/g1 within 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533536AFC02B40ABA69" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1310,1394,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cloeon</taxonomicName>
/fg1 (
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E753356EBFBEEB04CBA4D" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[159,308,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="573 - 587" refId="ref10765" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2020 a) New subgenus Monilistylus subgen. n. and a new species Procloeon (Monilistylus) ornatipennis sp. n. (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae: Procloeon). Zootaxa, 4742 (3), 573 - 587. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4742.3.11" type="journal article" year="2020">Kluge 2020a</bibRefCitation>
), while 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753357FFFBEEB35DBA4D" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1955" box="[395,549,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Paracloeodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753357FFFBEEB35DBA4D" box="[395,549,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Paracloeodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335446FBEEB3DABA4D" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1955" box="[562,674,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Apobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335446FBEEB3DABA4D" box="[562,674,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Apobaetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753354DBFBEEB252BA4D" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[687,810,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Callibaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753354DBFBEEB252BA4D" box="[687,810,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Callibaetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E7533552BFBEEB28BBA4D" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1995" box="[863,1011,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Waltzoyphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E7533552BFBEEB28BBA4D" box="[863,1011,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Waltzoyphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to the holophyletic taxon Baetovectata (
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E7533577FFBCAB35DBA21" author="Kluge, N. J. &amp; Novikova, E. A." box="[267,549,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref11014" refString="Kluge, N. J. &amp; Novikova, E. A. (2011) Systematics of the mayfly taxon Acentrella (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), with description of new Asian and African species. Russian Entomological Journal, 20 (1), 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 20.1.01" type="journal article" year="2011">Kluge &amp; Novikova 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Most other representatives of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753355F0FBCAB2A0BA21" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[900,984,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cloeon</taxonomicName>
/fg1 and Baetovectata have mandibles of the « 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753356BAFB96B06CBA04" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[206,276,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356BAFB96B06CBA04" box="[206,276,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Baetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160E75335768FB96B029BA05" box="[284,337,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">type</typeStatus>
», that testifies to multiple independent transformations of mandibles from the 
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753352CFFB96B5B1BA05" bold="true" box="[1211,1225,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">«</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753352BDFB96B477BA04" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1225,1295,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753352BDFB96B477BA04" box="[1225,1295,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Baetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160E75335363FB96B432BA05" box="[1303,1354,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">type</typeStatus>
» to the « 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753356D1FB72B041BAD9" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1869" box="[165,313,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356D1FB72B041BAD9" box="[165,313,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Centroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160E75335736FB72B000BAD9" box="[322,376,1159,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">type</typeStatus>
».
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160E753356B3FB5FB0B0BB76" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356B3FB5FB190BABC" bold="true" box="[199,232,1194,1220]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">(7)</emphasis>
Maxilla with a regular row of long setae on apico-ventral side just laterad of canines (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160E753352BBFB5EB45DBABD" box="[1231,1317,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-32@9.[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21–25. Demoulinia spp. 21–23, D. crassi; 24–25, D. insularis (holotype); 21, 22, 24, maxilla (21, with focus on ventral side; 22, with focus on dorsal side; d1, d2, d3, dentisetae; p1, p2, p3, segments of maxillary palp); 23, 25, hypopharynx and superlingua." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398025/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E75335346FB5EB1ABBA91" author="Gattolliat, J. - L." pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref10074" refString="Gattolliat, J. - L. (2003) The genera Demoulinia Gillies and Potamocloeon Gillies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Madagascar. Zootaxa, 184 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 184.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Gattolliat 2003</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5). All three maxillary canines and all three dentisetae are long, slender and bent in one direction (the « 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753356D1FB06B18EBB75" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[165,246,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356D1FB06B18EBB75" box="[165,246,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Cloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160E7533568AFB06B049BB75" box="[254,305,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">type</typeStatus>
» of maxilla).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160E753356B3FAE3B5A1BB01" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356B3FAE3B190BB48" bold="true" box="[199,232,1302,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">(8)</emphasis>
Maxillary palp is 3-segmented, with 3rd segment short and separated from 2nd segment by integral ring groove (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160E75335681FACEB032BB2D" box="[245,330,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-32@9.[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21–25. Demoulinia spp. 21–23, D. crassi; 24–25, D. insularis (holotype); 21, 22, 24, maxilla (21, with focus on ventral side; 22, with focus on dorsal side; d1, d2, d3, dentisetae; p1, p2, p3, segments of maxillary palp); 23, 25, hypopharynx and superlingua." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398025/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). In most other mayflies maxillary palp varies between 3-segmented and 2-segmented, often with 2nd and 3rd segments incompletely separated; 3rd segment never has muscle attached to its base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160E753356B3FA76B43EB855" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
In the original descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335450FA76B3F4BBE4" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1970" box="[548,652,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassi">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335450FA76B3F4BBE4" box="[548,652,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">D. crassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753354B3FA76B235BBE5" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[711,845,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753354B3FA76B235BBE5" box="[711,845,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">D. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the maxillary palp was described and figured as 2segmented (
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E7533576AFA52B0B3BBB9" author="Crass, R. S." box="[286,459,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="37 - 100" refId="ref9802" refString="Crass, R. S. (1947) The May-flies (Ephemeroptera) of Natal and the Eastern Cape. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (1), 37 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Crass 1947: 88</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 27e; 
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E7533544AFA52B2A7BBB9" author="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P." box="[574,991,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="357 - 362" refId="ref11347" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1998) New species of Cloeon and Demoulinia (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Madagascar. Entomological News, 109 (5), 357 - 362." type="journal article" year="1998">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1998: 360</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 15). However, in the specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753356E3FA3EB186BB9C" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,254,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassi">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356E3FA3EB186BB9C" box="[151,254,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">D. crassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined from 
<collectingCountry id="66B27614160E753357CFFA3EB335BB9D" box="[443,589,1483,1509]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, the maxillary palp is 3-segmented (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160E75335599FA3EB53ABB9D" box="[1005,1090,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-32@9.[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21–25. Demoulinia spp. 21–23, D. crassi; 24–25, D. insularis (holotype); 21, 22, 24, maxilla (21, with focus on ventral side; 22, with focus on dorsal side; d1, d2, d3, dentisetae; p1, p2, p3, segments of maxillary palp); 23, 25, hypopharynx and superlingua." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398025/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). The 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160E753352F8FA3EB596BB9D" box="[1164,1262,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335362FA3EB4E4BB9D" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[1302,1436,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335362FA3EB4E4BB9D" box="[1302,1436,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">D. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has one maxillary palp broken off, and another one clearly 3-segmented (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160E753355BBFA1AB55CB871" box="[975,1060,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-32@9.[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21–25. Demoulinia spp. 21–23, D. crassi; 24–25, D. insularis (holotype); 21, 22, 24, maxilla (21, with focus on ventral side; 22, with focus on dorsal side; d1, d2, d3, dentisetae; p1, p2, p3, segments of maxillary palp); 23, 25, hypopharynx and superlingua." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398025/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
). In the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753353F5FA1AB181B855" authorityName="Gattolliat" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753353F5FA1AB181B855" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">D. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the maxillary palp was correctly described and figured as 3-segmented (
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E75335251F9E6B597B855" author="Gattolliat, J. - L." box="[1061,1263,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref10074" refString="Gattolliat, J. - L. (2003) The genera Demoulinia Gillies and Potamocloeon Gillies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Madagascar. Zootaxa, 184 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 184.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Gattolliat 2003: 4</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160E753356B3F9C3B0BEB935" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356B3F9C3B190B828" bold="true" box="[199,232,1590,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">(9)</emphasis>
Labium has unusual structure of glossae and paraglossae (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160E753355F0F9C2B54CB829" box="[900,1076,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–31" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-16@10.[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 26–31. Labium of Demoulinia crassi. 26, cross section of glossae and paraglossae; 27, labium and maxilla; 28–31, exuviae of glossae, paraglossae and labial palp: 28–29, with focus on ventral side; 30–31, with focus on dorsal side (gl:dl, dorsolateral row of stout setae on glossa; gl:m, median row of stout setae on glossa; gl:vm, setae corresponding to ventro-median row of glossa; pg:dm, dorso-median row of long setae on paraglossa; pg:la, latero-apical long setae of paraglossa; pg:vm, long setae corresponding to ventro-median row of paraglossa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Figs 26, 28, 30</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160E75335235F9C2B597B829" author="Gattolliat, J. - L." box="[1089,1263,1591,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref10074" refString="Gattolliat, J. - L. (2003) The genera Demoulinia Gillies and Potamocloeon Gillies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Madagascar. Zootaxa, 184 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 184.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Gattolliat 2003</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7). Glossa is widened, wider than paraglossa, semicircular; two glossae are closely contiguous medially; spine-like setae of median row are few and shifted on dorsal side of glossa. Ventral side of glossa is entirely covered with numerous irregularly situated long hair-like setae. Dorsal side of glossa, in addition to setae of median row and a regular dorsolateral row, has irregularly situated setae in distal half. Paraglossa with concavity on median side, which allows overlap with glossa not only laterally, but partly ventrally; setae of latero-apical and ventro-median longitudinal rows are long and situated irregularly, not forming regular rows; only dorso-median row is regular. Labial palp has peculiar structure [see (2)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160E753356B3F8A3B260B9C1" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356B3F8A3B18DB908" bold="true" box="[199,245,1878,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">(10)</emphasis>
Hind wings are absent. Larval metanotum without vestiges of hind protoptera. Hind wings are lost in many other 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753356ADF88EB047B9ED" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[217,319,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
; among Protopatellata, these are 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E753354C2F88EB220B9ED" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1990" box="[694,856,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Potamocloeon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753354C2F88EB220B9ED" box="[694,856,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Potamocloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335513F88EB29DB9ED" authorityName="Muller-Liebenau" authorityYear="1982" box="[871,997,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Indocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335513F88EB29DB9ED" box="[871,997,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Indocloeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, part of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160E75335233F88EB5A3B9ED" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="2012" box="[1095,1243,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Anafroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E75335233F88EB5A3B9ED" box="[1095,1243,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">Anafroptilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, part of Rhithrocloeoninae and Protopatellata gen. sp. 1 described below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160E753256B3F837B2D7BEAD" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,825]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="441" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160E753356B3F837B18CB9A4" bold="true" box="[199,244,1986,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="440">(11)</emphasis>
Femora of larval legs are slender, parallel-sided; spine-like setae are pointed, irregularly situated and equally small on outer and inner sides of femur (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160F753254C7FF62B27FBEC9" box="[691,775,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–38" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-32@11.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 32–38. Larval legs of Demoulinia spp. 32–37, D. crassi: 32, exuviae of hind leg; 33, inner side of fore tarsus; 34, femoral-tibial of hind leg, focus on anterior side; 35–37, claws. 38, D. insularis (holotype), fragment of claw with subimaginal claws inside (arrow shows row of vestigial denticles on inner side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398029/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). As in most other 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F753255A3FF62B544BEC9" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[983,1084,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
, two stout apical setae are present (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160F753256BDFF4EB062BEAD" box="[201,282,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–38" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-32@11.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 32–38. Larval legs of Demoulinia spp. 32–37, D. crassi: 32, exuviae of hind leg; 33, inner side of fore tarsus; 34, femoral-tibial of hind leg, focus on anterior side; 35–37, claws. 38, D. insularis (holotype), fragment of claw with subimaginal claws inside (arrow shows row of vestigial denticles on inner side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398029/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
) (on individual legs number of stout apical setae is 3 or 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160F753256B3FF2BB04DBF39" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F753256B3FF2BB18DBE80" bold="true" box="[199,245,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">(12)</emphasis>
Larval tibiae of all legs without outer-apical stout seta (in contrast to many other 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F753252F3FF2AB596BE82" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1159,1262,223,250]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
). Tibia [lacking patella-tibial suture – see (3)] with small pointed spine-like setae on outer side and longer spine-like setae on inner side (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160F753256A0FED2B050BF39" box="[212,296,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–38" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-32@11.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 32–38. Larval legs of Demoulinia spp. 32–37, D. crassi: 32, exuviae of hind leg; 33, inner side of fore tarsus; 34, femoral-tibial of hind leg, focus on anterior side; 35–37, claws. 38, D. insularis (holotype), fragment of claw with subimaginal claws inside (arrow shows row of vestigial denticles on inner side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398029/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160F753256B3FEBFB5E4BF8E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F753256B3FEBFB18EBF1C" bold="true" box="[199,246,330,356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">(13)</emphasis>
Larval claw is long and slender, with 2 rows of small denticles on proximal part (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160F7532520CFEBEB581BF1D" box="[1144,1273,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–38" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-32@11.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 32–38. Larval legs of Demoulinia spp. 32–37, D. crassi: 32, exuviae of hind leg; 33, inner side of fore tarsus; 34, femoral-tibial of hind leg, focus on anterior side; 35–37, claws. 38, D. insularis (holotype), fragment of claw with subimaginal claws inside (arrow shows row of vestigial denticles on inner side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398029/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Figs 35–38</figureCitation>
). For 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F7532534CFEBEB4E4BF1C" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1970" box="[1336,1436,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassi">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F7532534CFEBEB4E4BF1C" box="[1336,1436,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. crassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fine pectination of claw was reported and figured in the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160F75325274FE9AB5D6BFF1" author="Crass, R. S." box="[1024,1198,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" pagination="37 - 100" refId="ref9802" refString="Crass, R. S. (1947) The May-flies (Ephemeroptera) of Natal and the Eastern Cape. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (1), 37 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Crass 1947: 88</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 27c). The claws of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F753256C1FE66B042BFD5" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[181,314,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F753256C1FE66B042BFD5" box="[181,314,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F75325704FE66B08CBFD5" authorityName="Gattolliat" authorityYear="2003" box="[368,500,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F75325704FE66B08CBFD5" box="[368,500,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were originally described and figured as edentate (
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160F75325244FE66B1BCBFA9" author="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P." pageId="3" pageNumber="441" pagination="357 - 362" refId="ref11347" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1998) New species of Cloeon and Demoulinia (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Madagascar. Entomological News, 109 (5), 357 - 362." type="journal article" year="1998">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1998: 360</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 17; 
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160F75325752FE42B094BFA9" author="Gattolliat, J. - L." box="[294,492,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref10074" refString="Gattolliat, J. - L. (2003) The genera Demoulinia Gillies and Potamocloeon Gillies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Madagascar. Zootaxa, 184 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 184.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Gattolliat 2003: 4</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 9). Actually, the 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160F753254A8FE42B246BFA9" box="[732,830,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F75325516FE42B29EBFA9" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[866,998,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F75325516FE42B29EBFA9" box="[866,998,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has very small denticles on claws (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160F7532531BFE42B1CFBF8D" captionStart="FIGURES 32–38" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-32@11.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 32–38. Larval legs of Demoulinia spp. 32–37, D. crassi: 32, exuviae of hind leg; 33, inner side of fore tarsus; 34, femoral-tibial of hind leg, focus on anterior side; 35–37, claws. 38, D. insularis (holotype), fragment of claw with subimaginal claws inside (arrow shows row of vestigial denticles on inner side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398029/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
). The same is true for the 
<typeStatus id="C11E8826160F753257AEFE2EB33DBF8D" box="[474,581,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F7532541FFE2EB397BF8D" authorityName="Gattolliat" authorityYear="2003" box="[619,751,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F7532541FFE2EB397BF8D" box="[619,751,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gattolliat, personal communication).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160F753256B3FE0BB04CBC19" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F753256B3FE0BB18DBC60" bold="true" box="[199,245,510,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">(14)</emphasis>
Tergalii of all pairs I–VII are wide, with anal rib poorly developed or absent (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160F7532521DFE0AB5CABC61" box="[1129,1202,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-32@5.[151,1436,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Larva of Demoulinia crassi. 1, Female larva of last instar; 2–3, exuviae of male larvae: 2, left half of prothorax and mesothorax; 3, abdomen; 4, abdomen of male subimago extracted from mature larva (to show hypodermal larval coloration); 5, tergalius III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398017/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Figs 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160F753252CBFE0BB471BC61" box="[1215,1289,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–51" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1996,2020]" captionTargetBox="[169,1415,424,1960]" captionTargetId="figure-127@13.[161,1425,417,1972]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 45–51. Demoulinia crassi, tergalii I–VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398033/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">45–51</figureCitation>
). Tergalii are capable of for rhythmical respiratory movements, that allows larva to inhabit places with stagnant water (observed for 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F753256CBFDB2B05CBC18" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1970" box="[191,292,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassi">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F753256CBFDB2B05CBC18" box="[191,292,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. crassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1A3684160F753256B3FD9FB043BD41" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F753256B3FD9FB309BCFD" bold="true" box="[199,625,618,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">
Species composition of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F75325795FD9FB312BCFD" authorityName="Gillies" authorityYear="1990" box="[481,618,618,645]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F75325795FD9FB312BCFD" bold="true" box="[481,618,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Demoulinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Two species: 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F75325562FD9EB5CABCFD" authority="(Demoulin 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Demoulin" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[790,1202,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassi">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F75325562FD9EB29EBCFC" box="[790,998,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Demoulinia crassi</emphasis>
(Demoulin 1971)
</taxonomicName>
distributed in 
<collectingCountry id="66B27614160F7532532FFD9EB1A7BCD1" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F7532576CFD7AB20DBCD1" authority="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1998" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[280,885,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F7532576CFD7AB37EBCD1" box="[280,518,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Demoulinia insularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160F7532547AFD7AB20DBCD1" author="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P." box="[526,885,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" pagination="357 - 362" refId="ref11347" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1998) New species of Cloeon and Demoulinia (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Madagascar. Entomological News, 109 (5), 357 - 362." type="journal article" year="1998">Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F753255EBFD7AB447BCD1" authority="Gattolliat 2003" authorityName="Gattolliat" authorityYear="2003" box="[927,1343,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F753255EBFD7AB5F5BCD1" box="[927,1165,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Demoulinia assimilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A344B75160F753252E1FD7AB447BCD1" author="Gattolliat, J. - L." box="[1173,1343,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref10074" refString="Gattolliat, J. - L. (2003) The genera Demoulinia Gillies and Potamocloeon Gillies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Madagascar. Zootaxa, 184 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 184.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Gattolliat 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37E257ED160F7532533CFD7AB4EBBCD1" box="[1352,1427,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) distributed in 
<collectingCountry id="66B27614160F75325740FD46B0C5BCB5" box="[308,445,691,717]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. Synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F7532541CFD46B395BCB5" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[616,749,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F7532541CFD46B395BCB5" box="[616,749,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F75325550FD46B2D1BCB5" authorityName="Gattolliat" authorityYear="2003" box="[804,937,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F75325550FD46B2D1BCB5" box="[804,937,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is argued below. Larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F75325290FD46B432BCB4" baseAuthorityName="Demoulin" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1252,1354,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassi">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F75325290FD46B432BCB4" box="[1252,1354,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. crassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F753253F5FD46B181BC89" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F753253F5FD46B181BC89" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by paraproct structure (
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160F75325484FD22B2E0BC89" box="[752,920,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–44" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-16@12.[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 39–44. Exuviae of larval abdomen of Demoulinia spp. 39–43, D. crassi: 39, lateral and posterior area of abdominal tergum VII; 40, anterior-lateral area of abdominal sternum VI; 41, caudalii; 42, fragment of cercus; 43, paraproct. 44, D. insularis (holotype), median margin of paraproct (scale bar refers to Figs 39, 40, 42, 43)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Figs 43 and 44</figureCitation>
) and by denticles on claws, which are distinct in 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F753256C0FD0EB060BD6C" baseAuthorityName="Demoulin" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[180,280,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassi">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F753256C0FD0EB060BD6C" box="[180,280,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. crassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160F75325753FD0EB0DEBD6D" box="[295,422,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–38" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-32@11.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 32–38. Larval legs of Demoulinia spp. 32–37, D. crassi: 32, exuviae of hind leg; 33, inner side of fore tarsus; 34, femoral-tibial of hind leg, focus on anterior side; 35–37, claws. 38, D. insularis (holotype), fragment of claw with subimaginal claws inside (arrow shows row of vestigial denticles on inner side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398029/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Figs 35–37</figureCitation>
) and poorly expressed or absent in 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F75325545FD0EB2CCBD6D" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="1998" box="[817,948,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F75325545FD0EB2CCBD6D" box="[817,948,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="869E2A01160F753255B7FD0EB56FBD6D" box="[963,1047,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–38" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-32@11.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 32–38. Larval legs of Demoulinia spp. 32–37, D. crassi: 32, exuviae of hind leg; 33, inner side of fore tarsus; 34, femoral-tibial of hind leg, focus on anterior side; 35–37, claws. 38, D. insularis (holotype), fragment of claw with subimaginal claws inside (arrow shows row of vestigial denticles on inner side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398029/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
). Imagines and eggs are known for 
<taxonomicName id="D9A54D07160F753256E3FCEAB184BD40" baseAuthorityName="Demoulin" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[151,252,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Demoulinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassi">
<emphasis id="2CD1EA96160F753256E3FCEAB184BD40" box="[151,252,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="441">D. crassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>