86 lines
11 KiB
XML
86 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document id="04B05823EF9CE4F8486B3BDC7E32C4E5" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e1adf209-6be2-429d-a679-45663c3f0cac" ModsDocID="20017" checkinTime="1252781333163" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Wilson, E. O." docDate="2003" docId="7F6D53E521E99AFEDE4091A21568F01A" docLanguage="en" docName="20017_fallax_group_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017" docTitle="Pheidole obscurithorax Wilson, 2003, new status" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="331" masterDocId="A91F8D984DB0B911B8B6DFE9067AB44B" masterDocTitle="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." pageNumber="331" updateTime="1701311087258" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="B45075FF51CC7825E89B427770A74216" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="864A421832290154D699A24526B95B21">
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<mods:title id="4CD095ED5D4387216791F5A7E7FF836D">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="2E1C69A3AAE6F2AEFDDD9D5DC5248D5D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="9910F98C8A27E4FF7104402AE0CB11D8">
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<mods:roleTerm id="49441FB5C625AA575D5391438732547B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BCE837ED58362E24328F52C83387D6A3">Wilson, E. O.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9B2C6C243278CB7079B144A8DBF818D8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="BF4FBAC35F0A882C534E67023E326B32">2003</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="9A5622B173F71C5085C360390A7420E7">Harvard University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="B5763AA9922A9E6DCAEA381F74FEFE20">
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<mods:placeTerm id="03CBF61023EC0C61762D2C1E985D5B1C">Cambridge, MA</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:location id="4180E4B3E8EFF0B10E3D9644ABEC2D1B">
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<mods:url id="1E65CC651D205EEDD38BDFACAC1BA67E">http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="07A95E35D1057857854DF7AD03849E20">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B58B2E510EC9DFF2A71C9D6102433C84" type="HNS-Pub">20017</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="7F6D53E521E99AFEDE4091A21568F01A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274889" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119781" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F6D53E521E99AFEDE4091A21568F01A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F6D53E521E99AFEDE4091A21568F01A" lastPageNumber="331" pageNumber="331">
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<subSubSection id="9BDAB7B9BAF81E3F04D1F1C5E5737229" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8F31A179C8D898F37EBE15B93D89A5F0" pageNumber="331">
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<taxonomicName id="F01B3EA31D7D8AD83FE096E9AF741EDB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181813" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole obscurithorax Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole obscurithorax Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurithorax">Pheidole obscurithorax Naves</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="92F9651FA8C01F42DDD969DD2A386ABA">new status</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="285809DE4164167AF44B056CE2FAE2CE" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9D28D8DA082B02C23F4EF3CB947820FD" pageNumber="331">
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<taxonomicName id="35B70F7FEDE809FA85310E84BDFA6A2E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151282" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole fallax obscurithorax Naves" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole fallax obscurithorax Naves" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="fallax" subSpecies="obscurithorax">Pheidole fallax obscurithorax Naves</taxonomicName>
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1985: 61; first valid use of name for
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<taxonomicName id="9C6DFA6B25959CE6A874E657CAD09EBF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:228898" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole obscurithorax subsp. arenicola var. obscurithorax" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole obscurithorax st. arenicola var. obscurithorax Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="obscurithorax" subSpecies="arenicola" variety="obscurithorax">Pheidole obscurithorax st. arenicola var. obscurithorax</taxonomicName>
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Santschi 1923d: 58, unavailable name (quadrinomial).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5D52B7A48B6ED5237B1217EF4B49822A" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="87521E274A166AB52C098E90A83C6AC4" pageNumber="331">Types Naturhist. Mus. Basel.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6C4AEBD946B3723D6821F597FA08AAAD" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="B8D19AE31D1B54D38706D9E5EC2142D5" pageNumber="331">
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Etymology L
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<taxonomicName id="5CD47F72B4FFB2875D933C32D61AB12C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181813" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole obscurithorax Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole obscurithorax Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurithorax">obscurithorax</taxonomicName>
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, dark thorax.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FDE30ED2B917207F8E72953E733AEAFD" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EC5270F6795AF3C071F48CE8E192D45E" pageNumber="331">
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Diagnosis A member of the
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<taxonomicName id="D414BD6401328997EE33E528D191C5D1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33735" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole fallax Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole fallax Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">fallax</taxonomicName>
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group close to the species listed in the heading, distinguished as follows. Major: large (Head Width 1.70-1.80 mm); medium to dark reddish brown; robust; with relatively short scapes (Scape Length/Head Width 0.50-0.59 mm); posterior half of head heavily rugoreticulate; anterior half of first gastral tergite heavily shagreened and opaque; petiolar node thick from the side and from above, as illustrated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A260847D6ABABEA6D87759F10F28F103" type="description">
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<paragraph id="59158630B7FC8599B8DF76F1CD69B5AE" pageNumber="331">Minor: dorsa of petiolar and postpetiolar nodes foveolate and opaque; anterior fringe of median strip of first gastral tergite shagreened.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C8E8B710BB38CE79094BA43A5DAB37A4" pageNumber="331">Measurements (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.70, HL 1.84, SL 0.98, EL 0.24, PW 0.86. Paralectotype minor: HW 0.62, HL 0.80, SL 0.94, EL 0.18, PW 0.48.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6B4EF4CDD7242FA74891EACC3B38C6FB" pageNumber="331">Color Major: head light reddish brown; mesosoma, waist, and appendages medium reddish brown; gaster dark reddish brown. Minor: body medium reddish brown to plain dark brown; appendages light reddish to yellowish or light plain brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D5330B0FA03F017A7AEA32059473EB59" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="7B6DE9B9A820DD84F0B6F6F2BA93236C" pageNumber="331">
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Range Kempf (1972b) reports
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<taxonomicName id="C1FB2D90FBC3B2736C6CBE8B20D1A983" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181813" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole obscurithorax Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole obscurithorax Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurithorax">obscurithorax</taxonomicName>
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from Cordoba, Formosa, and Santa Fe in northern Argentina. I have also seen series from the Parana River and Canindeyii Province in Paraguay. In 1950 I discovered a colony nesting in Mobile, Alabama, within a kilometer of the ship docking area, an ideal entry point for exotic species, such as
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<taxonomicName id="8EFE5C3D1DE8DD9D00E4C3C6D424CE46" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181813" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole obscurithorax Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole obscurithorax Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurithorax">obscurithorax</taxonomicName>
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, that occur in or near potential embarkation areas along or close to the banks of the Paraguay and La Plata Rivers of southwestern Brazil, Paraguay and Brazil. Shipping has occurred regularly over decades between these areas and the ports of the southern United States.
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<taxonomicName id="DA7F74C2866CFB3140D8A29F9481BA98" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181813" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole obscurithorax Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole obscurithorax Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurithorax">P. obscurithorax</taxonomicName>
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has since been found in Baldwin County, Alabama, across the bay from Mobile, and in adjacent, westernmost Florida (Naves 1985). Walter Tschinkel (personal communication) reports its appearance around Tallahassee, Florida, in the late 1990s.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F3F7B548EFA65E0598AB00F5F899A99C" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="7693B751FACE600FEB7876514520EBDB" pageNumber="331">
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Biology The Mobile, Alabama, colony mentioned above occupied a large crater nest in open, sandy soil. Stefan Cover, Lloyd Davis Jr., and Mark Deyrup (Cover, personal communication), found the species in western Florida mostly in disturbed areas, but once in secondary forest in a creek valley. On several instances the nests were located close to those of the imported fire ant,
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<taxonomicName id="254D4357F464FC7BCC643397E0974495" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:144431" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Solenopsis invicta Buren" lsidName-HNS="Solenopsis invicta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invicta">Solenopsis invicta</taxonomicName>
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, suggesting superior resistance to this formidable invasive.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="27B37CC5C199646FED2C2B8D8C9A7228" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="608647573FC27F699B05BD54CDAEF2AD" pageNumber="331">figure Upper: lectotype, major. Lower: paralectotype minor. ARGENTINA: Alta Gracia, Cordoba. Scale bars = 1 mm.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |