127 lines
11 KiB
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127 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3917.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39ff92ed-ddb8-4ec4-af8a-19e3288fdbd1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287785" ID-ZooBank="D8CB263D-645B-46CE-B797-461B6A86A98A" checkinTime="1460978373835" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Łukowiak, Magdalena" docDate="2015" docId="2125D91F1B3229687ED9C605F557FF5D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03917p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3917 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@3c794a36" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Calthropellidae Lendenfeld 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="DD1CA1671B20297B7E4EC039F41BFF89" masterDocTitle="Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1645026518126" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Łukowiak, Magdalena</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3917</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3917.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">39ff92ed-ddb8-4ec4-af8a-19e3288fdbd1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">287785</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D8CB263D-645B-46CE-B797-461B6A86A98A</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6108547" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6108547" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2125D91F1B3229687ED9C605F557FF5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2125D91F1B3229687ED9C605F557FF5D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[151,664,1596,1622]" box="[151,664,1596,1622]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,664,1596,1622]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,664,1596,1622]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Family
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<taxonomicName authority="Lendenfeld, 1907" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1907" box="[246,664,1596,1622]" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
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Calthropellidae
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<bibRefCitation author="Lendenfeld" box="[448,664,1596,1622]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Lendenfeld, R. Von (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11 (1 - 2), 59 - 374." type="journal article" year="1907">
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Lendenfeld,
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<number box="[605,664,1596,1622]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1907.0">1907</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1436,1667,2016]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Some calthrops occurring in the studied material (
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<figureCitation box="[733,814,1667,1692]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[166,1401,539,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[165,1402,539,1838]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicules of sponges of the order Astrophorida; A—Mesodichotriaene, family Pachastrellidae; B—Dichotriaene, family Pachastrellidae; C – G—Mesotriaenes of Pachastrella - like sponge, family Pachastrellidae; H – J—Calthrops of Calthropella sp., family Calthropellidae; K—Spicule of the order Astrophorida; L—Triaene of Brachiaster cf. claudlevii, family Pachastrellidae; M—Triaene of Triptolemma cladosum, family Pachastrellidae; N – O—Calthrop and dichotriaene of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287790/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Figs.
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<date box="[799,814,1667,1692]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<number box="[799,814,1667,1692]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="5.0">5</number>
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</date>
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</figureCitation>
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I, J) belong most likely to calthropellid sponges. This small astrophorid family is, like the family
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<taxonomicName box="[679,852,1703,1728]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Pachastrellidae</taxonomicName>
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, characterized by calthrop megascleres, modified triaenes and tetractines, mesotriaenes and oxeas (van
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<bibRefCitation author="Soest" box="[797,1080,1739,1764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Soest, R. W. M., van & Hooper, J. N. A. (2002 b) Family Calthropellidae Lendenfeld, 1906. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Soest, R. W. M. van (Eds.), Systema Porifera. Guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 127 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">
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Soest & Hooper
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<number box="[1005,1065,1739,1764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2002.0">2002</number>
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b
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Thus some of the calthrops discussed here may belong to the
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<taxonomicName box="[539,681,1775,1800]" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[539,681,1775,1800]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Calthropella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like sponge. However, the more precise taxonomic assignment of studied spicules is not possible unless the whole set of spicules is preserved.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1436,1667,2016]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Calthropellids are reported from warmer parts of the oceans, from moderately deep water (about
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<quantity box="[1287,1358,1847,1872]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
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depth) and occasionally from the littoral zone, with records from the North Atlantic, Mediterranean, South and East Africa,
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<collectingCountry box="[237,349,1919,1944]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[408,558,1919,1944]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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(van
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<bibRefCitation author="Soest" box="[623,886,1919,1944]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Soest, R. W. M., van & Hooper, J. N. A. (2002 b) Family Calthropellidae Lendenfeld, 1906. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Soest, R. W. M. van (Eds.), Systema Porifera. Guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 127 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">
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Soest & Hooper
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<number box="[812,872,1919,1944]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2002.0">2002</number>
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b
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</bibRefCitation>
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). There are two species of
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<taxonomicName box="[1188,1330,1919,1944]" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1188,1330,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Calthropella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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recorded from
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<collectingCountry box="[218,321,1955,1980]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Australia</collectingCountry>
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adjacent areas:
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<taxonomicName authority="Levi & Levi, 1983" authorityName="Levi & Levi" authorityYear="1983" box="[516,1086,1955,1980]" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Enigmatica" subGenus="Pachataxa">
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<emphasis box="[516,831,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. (Pachataxa) enigmatica</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Levi" box="[850,1078,1955,1980]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Levi, C. & Levi, P. (1983) Eponges Tetractinellides et Lithistides bathyales de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 5, 101 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">
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Lévi & Lévi,
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<number box="[1021,1078,1956,1980]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1983.0">1983</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry box="[1166,1345,1955,1980]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Bergquist, 1961" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1961" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Novaezealandiae" subGenus="Corticellopsis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. (Corticellopsis) novaezealandiae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergquist" box="[538,720,1991,2016]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1961) A collection of Porifera from Northern New Zealand, with descriptions of seventeen new species. Pacific Science, 15 (1), 33 - 48." type="journal article" year="1961">
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Bergquist,
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<number box="[663,720,1991,2016]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1961.0">1961</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry box="[798,952,1991,2016]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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, so the studied spicules may belong to one of these species, or to a related fossil species. Because of these doubts, these spicules are assigned only to
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<taxonomicName box="[151,293,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[151,293,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Calthropella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |