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<document id="BE4C29D273194BB955EB0E32C3ACA8FA" ID-CLB-Dataset="160070" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5194.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6aa6dacd-1e74-46ac-a345-2fc691f92608" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7154442" ID-ZooBank="96B016A1-5D9B-4013-9F9D-597A6C2FC277" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1665090774762" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M. &amp; Zilli, Alberto" docDate="2022" docId="03E76362FFF8103914C7789EFAE1FF33" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5194.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5194 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Vadina hodeei Worthy &amp; González &amp; Zilli 2022" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="328" masterDocId="FFDE1B1AFFE3102214507809FFACF97F" masterDocTitle="A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="328" updateTime="1699388669752" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="AE32FC8620DD43DAE06FEDBF757455C6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="BDB5F268663C84E3989609DEF02E1CCA">A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="ED905A2FA59AA76926FDB0199673AE49" type="personal">
<mods:role id="64A30E70CDE522113AB4AD722F71F34F">
<mods:roleTerm id="95ECC914BB16E19E37B5D26FC5BA05BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8D944998648934D523CF9043B2BA14BE">Worthy, Robert</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="42FEB392696D1E2B352219FBED50D8A7" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0879-6472</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="66FE6222F5D10988F070965101E100DB">10 The Hill, Church Hill, Caterham, Surrey CR 3 6 SD, U. K. castnia @ btopenworld. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0879 - 6472 Austin Achieve Public Schools, Austin, Texas, (Research Associate, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity), USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B8343F372F20818D3F7444BDBDE44389" type="email">castnia@btopenworld.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="4A1E822281BB31E92EFC63DA18F79073">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="9469D62EC3F63CFB08D8C1A249E5ABBE">Zilli, Alberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F089E00AC012EB00358D908FB4F1DC3B">Natural History Museum, Insects Division, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="8DD49B644C0CADFD07B723D99A504857">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="36005059F8A480B150D75AB93607F21E">
<mods:date id="683C4B68CC1DEA13F36B35BE8BC3867C">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4B3536799B365EB22ABC035990F27D96">2022-10-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DA2579C46F2B39EBE25E5C0DC210B5A0">5194</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5710B1AC64166FACAA6DDFD1D9490EE3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="64C1C5FE0E1927E3D8763325F8FBBC7E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5194.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E76362FFF8103914C7789EFAE1FF33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7157402" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202149921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7157402" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E76362FFF8103914C7789EFAE1FF33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E76362FFF8103914C7789EFAE1FF33" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<subSubSection id="C35481FFFFF8103914C7789EFE6DF9CE" box="[151,449,151,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF1D274FFF8103914C7789EFE6DF9CE" blockId="27.[151,449,151,213]" box="[151,449,151,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<heading id="D0B96518FFF8103914C7789EFE6DF9CE" bold="true" box="[151,449,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF8103914C7789EFE6DF9CE" ID-CoL="9VHXH" authority="(Oberthur, 1881)" authorityName="Worthy &amp; González &amp; Zilli" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Oberthur" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[151,449,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Vadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hodeei">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914C7789EFE6DF9CE" bold="true" box="[151,449,151,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914C7789EFF4BF9CD" bold="true" box="[151,231,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">hodeei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFAF85FFF8103914A6789EFE15F9CE" author="Oberthur, C." box="[246,441,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" pagination="27 - 38" refId="ref30430" refString="Oberthur, C. (1881) Lepidopteres d'Amerique. Etudes d'Entomologie, 6, xxv - xxvi + 27 - 38, pls. 4 - 6 + 10." type="journal article" year="1881">Oberthür, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35481FFFFF8103914CE78B2FBE2F867" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF1D274FFF8103914CE78B2FEECF9AA" blockId="27.[151,449,151,213]" box="[158,320,187,213]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
(
<figureCitation id="1375CEF1FFF8103914F678B2FE94F9AA" box="[166,312,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1264,1288]" captionTargetBox="[389,1199,350,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-77@19.[382,1206,342,1238]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. A–C: Vadina hodeei hodeei (Oberthür, 1881): A, ♂ HT, corrupta (Schaus, 1896), Colombia, ex Schaus, USNMENT01244439 (USNM); B, ♂ HT, amazona (Knop, 1925), Campo Santo, Bogota, Colombia, 1922, ex Pfeiffer (ETHZ); C, ♀ HT, hodeei, Nouv[elle] Grenade, pris par l’Indien Eujenio Garzon, ex Oberthür, NHMUK010474215 (NHMUK). D, E: Vadina hodeei kruegeri (Niepelt, 1927): D, ♂ HT, West-Columbien, 500 meter, März–Juni 27, ex Niepelt (MfN); E, ♀, Chuchuvi, Esmeraldas, Ecuador, 700m, September 2012 (coll. MB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154462/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Figs. 10A–C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1D274FFF8103914C77909FBE2F867" blockId="27.[151,1102,255,282]" box="[151,1102,255,282]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
“
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF8103914F278F6FEE4F868" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[162,328,255,279]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hodeei">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914F278F6FEE4F868" bold="true" box="[162,328,255,279]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Castnia Hodeei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, OBERTHüR.”
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFAF85FFF8103915887909FDD8F867" author="Oberthur, C." box="[472,628,256,280]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" pagination="27 - 38" refId="ref30430" refString="Oberthur, C. (1881) Lepidopteres d'Amerique. Etudes d'Entomologie, 6, xxv - xxvi + 27 - 38, pls. 4 - 6 + 10." type="journal article" year="1881">Oberthür, 1881</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF81039162E7908FCCCF867" box="[638,864,256,282]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Études d’Entomologie</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF81039173678F6FCDFF868" bold="true" box="[870,883,255,279]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">6</emphasis>
: 29–30, Pl. IV, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35481FFFFF8103914C7794FFE0BFABB" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF1D274FFF8103914C7794FFB0DF8D7" blockId="27.[151,1437,325,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914C7794FFEEAF820" bold="true" box="[151,326,325,352]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Type material:</emphasis>
All the evidence indicates that this species was described from a single female collected by Eujenio Garzón. We therefore consider the specimen as the
<typeStatus id="54F56CD6FFF8103916A97963FCF7F8FB" box="[761,859,362,388]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by [likely] monotypy (
<figureCitation id="1375CEF1FFF8103910217963FB71F8FB" box="[1137,1245,362,388]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1264,1288]" captionTargetBox="[389,1199,350,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-77@19.[382,1206,342,1238]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. A–C: Vadina hodeei hodeei (Oberthür, 1881): A, ♂ HT, corrupta (Schaus, 1896), Colombia, ex Schaus, USNMENT01244439 (USNM); B, ♂ HT, amazona (Knop, 1925), Campo Santo, Bogota, Colombia, 1922, ex Pfeiffer (ETHZ); C, ♀ HT, hodeei, Nouv[elle] Grenade, pris par l’Indien Eujenio Garzon, ex Oberthür, NHMUK010474215 (NHMUK). D, E: Vadina hodeei kruegeri (Niepelt, 1927): D, ♂ HT, West-Columbien, 500 meter, März–Juni 27, ex Niepelt (MfN); E, ♀, Chuchuvi, Esmeraldas, Ecuador, 700m, September 2012 (coll. MB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154462/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
). At the time of description, it was in the collection of Charles Oberthür (1845–1924), it is now in
<collectionCode id="ED5F4AB1FFF8103910607987FB32F8D7" box="[1072,1182,398,424]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1D274FFF81039149779BBFB03FBDB" blockId="27.[151,1437,325,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<materialsCitation id="3B26D829FFF81039149779BBFC26FB6B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921371478" collectorName="M. Steinheil" country="Colombia" location="Nouvelle-Grenade" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF81039149779BBFEC6F8B4" bold="true" box="[199,362,433,460]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<typeStatus id="54F56CD6FFF81039149779BBFEAEF8B3" box="[199,258,434,460]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFAF85FFF81039152379BBFD86F8B3" author="Oberthur, C." box="[371,554,434,460]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" pagination="27 - 38" refId="ref30430" refString="Oberthur, C. (1881) Lepidopteres d'Amerique. Etudes d'Entomologie, 6, xxv - xxvi + 27 - 38, pls. 4 - 6 + 10." type="journal article" year="1881">Oberthür (1881)</bibRefCitation>
states “Superbe espèce découverte en
<collectingCountry id="F35992E4FFF8103917B379BBFB1EF8B3" box="[995,1202,434,460]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Nouvelle-Grenade</collectingCountry>
par l’indien Eujenio Garzon, qui chassait autrefois pour le compte du regretté
<collectorName id="26BBB7A2FFF81039177579DFFC1FF88F" box="[805,947,470,496]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">M. Steinheil</collectorName>
, de Munich, et de qui nous avons reçu une collection formée surtout aux environs de Santa-Rosa et de Carare.”
</materialsCitation>
;
<collectingCountry id="F35992E4FFF8103917C479F3FBCFFB6B" box="[916,1123,506,532]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Nouvelle-Grenade</collectingCountry>
is now known as
<materialsCitation id="3B26D829FFF81039117779F3FB07FBDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921371451" country="Colombia" county="We" latitude="6.3425837" location="Santa Rosa" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.00997" municipality="Oberthur" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santander" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F35992E4FFF81039117779F3FA35FB6B" box="[1319,1433,506,532]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCounty id="6290AAF8FFF8103914C77A17FF10FB47" box="[151,188,542,568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">We</collectingCounty>
believe that
<collectingMunicipality id="6B95480EFFF8103915187A17FE01FB47" box="[328,429,542,568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Oberthür</collectingMunicipality>
misinterpreted the locality and that rather than the specimens being collected at
<location id="8E9184AFFFF8103911707A17FA30FB47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E76362FFF8103914C7789EFAE1FF33:8E9184AFFFF8103911707A17FA30FB47" box="[1312,1436,542,568]" country="Colombia" county="We" latitude="6.3425837" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.00997" municipality="Oberthur" name="Santa Rosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" stateProvince="Santander">Santa Rosa</location>
and
<location id="8E9184AFFFF8103914987A4BFEBFFB23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E76362FFF8103914C7789EFAE1FF33:8E9184AFFFF8103914987A4BFEBFFB23" box="[200,275,578,604]" country="Colombia" county="We" latitude="6.3425837" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.00997" municipality="Oberthur" name="Carare" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" stateProvince="Santander">Carare</location>
they were collected at
<location id="8E9184AFFFF81039164F7A4BFCB2FB23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E76362FFF8103914C7789EFAE1FF33:8E9184AFFFF81039164F7A4BFCB2FB23" box="[543,798,578,604]" country="Colombia" county="We" latitude="6.3425837" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.00997" municipality="Oberthur" name="Santa Rosa del Carare" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" stateProvince="Santander">Santa Rosa del Carare</location>
, which is a place in
<collectingRegion id="498A1C96FFF81039105C7A4BFB4AFB23" box="[1036,1254,578,604]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Santander province</collectingRegion>
at
<geoCoordinate id="EE7AB4B3FFF81039115C7A4BFA30FB23" box="[1292,1436,578,604]" degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" precision="1" seconds="33.3" value="6.3425837">6°20’33.3”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE7AB4B3FFF8103914C77A6FFE90FBFE" box="[151,316,614,641]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" precision="1" seconds="35.9" value="-74.00997">74°00’35.9”W</geoCoordinate>
. Oberthür does point out that the collection he received from Garzon was collected mainly at the two localities so it cannot be certain that this is the
<typeStatus id="54F56CD6FFF8103916F37A83FD7FFBDB" box="[675,723,650,676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">type</typeStatus>
locality, but it does seem highly probable
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1D274FFF8103914977AA4FEB4FB93" blockId="27.[151,1437,325,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914977AA4FE0DFBB7" bold="true" box="[199,417,685,712]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Taxonomic status:</emphasis>
A valid species of
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF8103916267AA7FD68FBB7" authorityName="Worthy &amp; González &amp; Zilli" authorityYear="2022" box="[630,708,686,712]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Vadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103916267AA7FD68FBB7" box="[630,708,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Vadina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fixed as the
<typeStatus id="54F56CD6FFF8103917037AA7FC2FFBB7" box="[851,899,686,712]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">type</typeStatus>
species of this genus in the present publication,
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914C77ADBFEB4FB93" bold="true" box="[151,280,722,748]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">comb. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1D274FFF8103914977AFFFE0BFABB" blockId="27.[151,1437,325,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914977AFFFEDFFA70" bold="true" box="[199,371,757,784]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Male genitalia</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="1375CEF1FFF8103915DB7AFFFE49FA6F" box="[395,485,758,784]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1170,1194]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,185,1137]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[201,1385,179,1145]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genitalia drawings. A: ♂ Amauta procera (coll. RW); B: ♂ A. cacica (coll. RW); C: ♂ A. angusta (coll. RW); D: ♂ A. papilionaris amethystina (NHMUK); E: ♂ A. p. papilionaris (coll. RW); F: ♂ A. p. lionela (coll. RW); G: ♂ Vadina h. hodeei (NHMUK); H: ♂ V. h. kruegeri (coll. RW)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154450/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
) Uncus and anterior section of gnathos apophysis slightly sclerotised, more so than the tegumen. Gnathos slightly sclerotised, bifid and pointed anteriad. Cucullus and valvula rounded. Ventral margin of valva slightly concave. Sacculus almost quadrate. Ventral margin of valve slightly concave. Phallus slightly to moderately curved, its distal section slightly larger than twice the length of coecum, very slightly tapered.Subterminal portion of phallus enlarged. Terminal portion of phallus not contorted, open caudally and widely enlarged finishing in an almost pointed tip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35481FFFFF8103914977BC4FE2BFD2A" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF1D274FFF8103914977BC4FE2BFD2A" blockId="27.[151,1437,325,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914977BC4FECFFA98" bold="true" box="[199,355,973,999]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Distribution:</emphasis>
This appears to be a rare species, the nominotypical subspecies of which seems to be confined to northern and central areas of
<collectingCountry id="F35992E4FFF8103916407BFBFD2DFD73" box="[528,641,1010,1036]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, particularly in the
<collectingRegion id="498A1C96FFF8103917387BFBFC48FD73" box="[872,996,1010,1036]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
valley. We know of records from the following departments: Bolívar,
<collectingRegion id="498A1C96FFF8103916587C1FFDD6FD4F" box="[520,634,1046,1072]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Santander</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="498A1C96FFF8103916D77C1FFD72FD4F" box="[647,734,1046,1072]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="498A1C96FFF8103916BB7C1FFC22FD4F" box="[747,910,1046,1072]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="498A1C96FFF8103917977C1FFBD6FD4F" box="[967,1146,1046,1072]" country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
(doubtful) (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFAF85FFF8103911627C1FFEBCFD2B" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Rios, S. D." pageId="27" pageNumber="328" pagination="275 - 280" refId="ref29417" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Rios, S. D. (2013) Amauta hodeei (Oberthur, 1881) and its subspecies (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), with comments on the life and times of Brother Apolinar Maria. Biodiversity Journal, 4 (2), 275 - 280." type="journal article" year="2013">
González
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914C77C32FF63FD2B" box="[151,207,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="1375CEF1FFF8103915777C33FED6FD2A" box="[295,378,1082,1109]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[366,1221,487,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-127@35.[365,1222,486,1504]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 15. Distribution map of all known collecting localities of Vadina hodeei, sspp. hodeei (blue circles) and kruegeri (red squares). The black circle is the type locality of hodeei, the black star is the type locality of amazona and the black square is the type locality of kruegeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154478/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35481FFFFF8103914977C54FE8FFCE6" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF1D274FFF8103914977C54FD43FC77" blockId="27.[151,1437,325,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914977C54FEE3FD08" bold="true" box="[199,335,1117,1143]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Discussion:</emphasis>
Despite the somewhat wide area of distribution, the nominotypical subspecies appears to be rare and was only known from old specimens until a male was collected in 2019. It is replaced on the western slopes of the Western Cordillera of
<collectingCountry id="F35992E4FFF8103915E57CAFFD8FFDBF" box="[437,547,1190,1216]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and in western
<collectingCountry id="F35992E4FFF8103916817CAFFC82FDBF" box="[721,814,1190,1216]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
by
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF8103917077CAFFA34FDBF" authority="(Niepelt, 1927) (Gonzalez et al. 2013)" authorityName="Gonzalez et al." authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Niepelt" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[855,1432,1190,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hodeei" subSpecies="kruegeri">
ssp.
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103917D87CAFFC4BFDBF" box="[904,999,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">kruegeri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFAF85FFF8103917A47CAFFB22FDBF" author="Niepelt, W." box="[1012,1166,1190,1216]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" pagination="239 - 241" refId="ref30405" refString="Niepelt, W. (1927) Neue Falter von Columbien. Internationale entomologische Zeitschrift, 21 (28), 239 - 241." type="journal article" year="1927">Niepelt, 1927</bibRefCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFAF85FFF8103910F47CAFFA3CFDBF" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Rios, S. D." box="[1188,1424,1190,1216]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" pagination="275 - 280" refId="ref29417" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Rios, S. D. (2013) Amauta hodeei (Oberthur, 1881) and its subspecies (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), with comments on the life and times of Brother Apolinar Maria. Biodiversity Journal, 4 (2), 275 - 280." type="journal article" year="2013">
González
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103911467CAEFAE1FDBF" box="[1302,1357,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; in the past
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF8103915467CC3FED9FD9B" authorityName="Niepelt" authorityYear="1927" box="[278,373,1226,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kruegeri">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103915467CC3FED9FD9B" box="[278,373,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">kruegeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered to be even rarer than
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF8103917777CC3FBD7FD9B" authority="(Gonzalez et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Gonzalez" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[807,1147,1226,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hodeei">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103917777CC3FCDEFD9B" box="[807,882,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">hodeei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFAF85FFF8103917D17CC3FBDFFD9B" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Rios, S. D." box="[897,1139,1226,1252]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" pagination="275 - 280" refId="ref29417" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Rios, S. D. (2013) Amauta hodeei (Oberthur, 1881) and its subspecies (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), with comments on the life and times of Brother Apolinar Maria. Biodiversity Journal, 4 (2), 275 - 280." type="journal article" year="2013">
González
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103917A57CC2FB83FD9B" box="[1013,1071,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but in recent years more material has become available from western
<collectingCountry id="F35992E4FFF8103916DC7CE7FD47FC77" box="[652,747,1262,1288]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1D274FFF8103914977D1BFE8FFCE6" blockId="27.[151,1437,325,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
There is an error in
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFAF85FFF8103915FC7D1BFD01FC53" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Rios, S. D." box="[428,685,1298,1324]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" pagination="275 - 280" refId="ref29417" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Rios, S. D. (2013) Amauta hodeei (Oberthur, 1881) and its subspecies (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), with comments on the life and times of Brother Apolinar Maria. Biodiversity Journal, 4 (2), 275 - 280." type="journal article" year="2013">
González
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF81039164E7D1AFDF4FC53" box="[542,600,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
; in the examined material
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF81039178D7D1BFBDBFC53" box="[989,1143,1298,1324]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
was listed as “[this is the
<typeStatus id="54F56CD6FFF8103914C77D3FFF6BFC2F" box="[151,199,1334,1360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF81039150D7D3FFDB1FC2F" authorityName="Worthy &amp; González &amp; Zilli" authorityYear="2022" box="[349,541,1334,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corrupta">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF81039150D7D3FFDB1FC2F" box="[349,541,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Castnia corrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFAF85FFF8103916E87D3FFCF5FC2F" author="Schaus, W." box="[696,857,1334,1360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" pagination="147 - 154" refId="ref30711" refString="Schaus, W. (1896) New species of Heterocera from tropical America. Journal of the New York entomological Society, 4 (4), 147 - 154." type="journal article" year="1896">Schaus (1896)</bibRefCitation>
and now considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF8103910B57D3EFEEFFC0A" authority="hodeei (Lamas, 1995)" authorityName="hodeei (Lamas" authorityYear="1995" baseAuthorityName="Lamas" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="hodeei" variety="hodeei">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103910B57D3EFA31FC2F" box="[1253,1437,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">V. hodeei hodeei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFAF85FFF8103914CF7D53FE96FC0A" author="Lamas, G." box="[159,314,1370,1397]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref29900" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
]”. In fact, the specimen mentioned, misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF8103917F07D53FB89FC0B" authorityName="Worthy &amp; González &amp; Zilli" authorityYear="2022" box="[928,1061,1370,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corrupta">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103917F07D53FB89FC0B" box="[928,1061,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">C. corrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is the
<typeStatus id="54F56CD6FFF81039102D7D53FB01FC0B" box="[1149,1197,1370,1396]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF8103910877D53FEB2FCE6" authority="Knop, 1925" authorityName="Knop" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazona">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103910877D53FA30FC0B" box="[1239,1436,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Castnia amazona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFAF85FFF8103914C77D77FEB2FCE6" author="Knop, T." box="[151,286,1406,1433]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" pagination="42 - 43" refId="ref29778" refString="Knop, T. (1925) Castnia amazona nov. spec. und Papilio androgeus (Cr.). nov. var. fassli. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 39 (11), 42 - 43." type="journal article" year="1925">Knop, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35481FFFFF8103914977DA8FAE1FF33" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF1D274FFF8103914977DA8FAE1FF33" blockId="27.[151,1437,325,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914977DA8FE19FCC4" bold="true" box="[199,437,1441,1467]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Material examined:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF8103915EF7DABFD89FCC3" box="[447,549,1442,1468]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="male">12 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF8103916317DABFD7CFCC3" box="[609,720,1442,1468]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
were examined for this study. As well as the
<typeStatus id="54F56CD6FFF8103910B57DABFA8CFCC3" box="[1253,1312,1442,1468]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF81039111B7DABFA3AFCC3" box="[1355,1430,1442,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hodeei">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF81039111B7DABFA3AFCC3" box="[1355,1430,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">hodeei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF8103914C77DCEFF55FC9F" authorityName="Worthy &amp; González &amp; Zilli" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,249,1479,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corrupta">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103914C77DCEFF55FC9F" box="[151,249,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">corrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA9F7FFF8103915607DCEFE39FC9F" authorityName="Knop" authorityYear="1925" box="[304,405,1479,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazona">
<emphasis id="B93A0E66FFF8103915607DCEFE39FC9F" box="[304,405,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">amazona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we have examined from
<collectingCountry id="F35992E4FFF8103916E87DCFFC8AFC9F" box="[696,806,1478,1504]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Colombia</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF81039177D7DCFFCFCFC9F" box="[813,848,1478,1504]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
Guamoco, F. Johnson;
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF8103910087DCFFBD7FC9F" box="[1112,1147,1478,1504]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
Caucaval [
<collectingRegion id="498A1C96FFF8103910A77DCFFAECFC9F" box="[1271,1344,1478,1504]" country="Colombia" name="Cauca" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Cauca</collectingRegion>
valley], F. Johnson (
<collectionCode id="ED5F4AB1FFF8103915707DE3FED0FF7B" box="[288,380,1514,1540]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">AMNH</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF8103915C17DE3FE65FF7B" box="[401,457,1514,1540]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
<collectingRegion id="498A1C96FFF8103915817DE3FD89FF7B" box="[465,549,1514,1540]" country="Colombia" name="Bogota" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Bogota</collectingRegion>
, Fre. Appolinaire Marie, 1931 (
<collectionCode id="ED5F4AB1FFF8103917DE7DE3FC46FF7B" box="[910,1002,1514,1540]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">MNHN</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF8103917AE7DE3FB9AFF7B" box="[1022,1078,1514,1540]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
Muzo, ex Joicey;
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF81039115A7DE3FA81FF7B" box="[1290,1325,1514,1540]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
Nouvelle
<collectingCountry id="F35992E4FFF8103914C77E07FF55FF57" box="[151,249,1550,1576]" name="Grenada" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Grenade</collectingCountry>
, reçu du frère Apolinar Maria en
<date id="FFF0F4B4FFF8103916207E07FD40FF57" box="[624,748,1550,1576]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" value="1923-03">Mars 1923</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF8103916A77E07FCB6FF57" box="[759,794,1550,1576]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
1925, Ap. Maria, ex Joicey;
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF8103910307E07FB2BFF57" box="[1120,1159,1550,1576]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF8103910D77E07FB0AFF57" box="[1159,1190,1550,1576]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
ex Joicey, Ap. Maria;
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF8103914C77E3BFF16FF33" box="[151,186,1586,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
Muzo, ex Hopp; (
<collectionCode id="ED5F4AB1FFF8103915D77E3BFE54FF33" box="[391,504,1586,1612]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF81039165A7E3BFD81FF33" box="[522,557,1586,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
Boyacá;
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF8103916C77E3BFD16FF33" box="[663,698,1586,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
no data (
<collectionCode id="ED5F4AB1FFF8103917717E3BFCD4FF33" box="[801,888,1586,1612]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D4819FDFFF8103917DC7E3BFC03FF33" box="[908,943,1586,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
Quipama, Boyacá,
<date id="FFF0F4B4FFF8103910DB7E3BFAA9FF33" box="[1163,1285,1586,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" value="2019-04">April 2019</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5F4AB1FFF8103911447E3BFAECFF33" box="[1300,1344,1586,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">DC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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