treatments-xml/data/03/CB/A4/03CBA42AC948FFC4FE3BFA0A7F2CFA6C.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.7717/peerj.13109" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8996732a-01b8-4ffa-8646-33ff5ac5cbaa" ID-PMC="PMC8935995" ID-PubMed="35321409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377348" approvalRequired="2" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1647977351167" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Guayasamin, Juan M., Brunner, Rebecca M., Valencia-Aguilar, Anyelet, Franco-Mena, Daniela, Ringler, Eva, Medina Armijos, Anderson, Morochz, Carlos, Bustamante, Lucas, Maynard, Ross J. &amp; Culebras, Jaime" docDate="2022" docId="03CBA42AC948FFC4FE3BFA0A7F2CFA6C" docLanguage="en" docName="PeerJ.10.1-34.pdf" docOrigin="PeerJ 10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13109" docTitle="Hyalinobatrachium mashpi Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras 2022, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFF2DC52C94DFFD6FFC9FFC07B68FFE8" masterDocTitle="Two new glassfrogs (Centrolenidae: Hyalinobatrachium) from Ecuador, with comments on the endangered biodiversity of the Andes" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1668138732962" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>Two new glassfrogs (Centrolenidae: Hyalinobatrachium) from Ecuador, with comments on the endangered biodiversity of the Andes</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto Biósfera, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador &amp; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jmguayasamin@usfq.edu.ec</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Brunner, Rebecca M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Third Millennium Alliance, Quito, Ecuador &amp; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Valencia-Aguilar, Anyelet</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Behavioral Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Franco-Mena, Daniela</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto Biósfera, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ringler, Eva</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Behavioral Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Medina Armijos, Anderson</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biology &amp; Research Department, Mashpi Lodge, Mashpi, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Morochz, Carlos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biology &amp; Research Department, Mashpi Lodge, Mashpi, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bustamante, Lucas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Tropical Herping, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maynard, Ross J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Biodiversity Group, Tucson, Arizona, United States</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Culebras, Jaime</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Photo Wildlife Tours, Quito, Ecuador &amp; Fundación Cóndor Andino, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-03-18</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13109</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.7717/peerj.13109</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection box="[498,977,1482,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="5.[498,1095,1482,1549]" box="[498,977,1482,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[498,831,1482,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,831,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[839,977,1483,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection box="[498,1095,1522,1549]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="5.[498,1095,1482,1549]" box="[498,1095,1522,1549]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">LSID: 0815B7E6-33FB-42D9-A367-4FB50885C256</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="5.[498,1129,1570,1637]" box="[498,1015,1570,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading bold="true" box="[498,1015,1570,1597]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="6">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,801,1570,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Suggested English name:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Glassfrog" box="[810,1015,1570,1596]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi Glassfrog</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[498,1129,1570,1637]" box="[498,1129,1610,1637]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,806,1610,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Suggested Spanish name:</emphasis>
Rana de Cristal de Mashpi
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[498,1542,1658,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712756308" collectingDate="2019-09-28" collectionCode="CJ" collectorName="Jaime Culebras &amp; Carlos Morochz" country="Ecuador" elevation="1040" latitude="0.16334" location="Mashpi Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.86736" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="CJ11642" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,618,1658,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus box="[498,613,1658,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[626,727,1658,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">CJ11642</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount box="[738,861,1658,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
<locationDeviation box="[869,1143,1658,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">from San Vicente River</locationDeviation>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1157,1281,1658,1685]" degrees="0.16334" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="0.16334">0.16334 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1294,1436,1658,1685]" degrees="78.86736" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-78.86736">78.86736 W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity box="[1448,1542,1658,1685]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1040.0">
<elevation box="[1448,1542,1658,1685]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1040.0">1,040 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l.), 
<taxonomicName authority="Reserve" authorityName="Reserve" box="[573,761,1698,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBA42AC948FFC4FE3BFA0A7F2CFA6C:8EBD43E7C948FFD3FDF4F9627991F955" box="[573,761,1698,1725]" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.16334" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.86736" name="Mashpi Reserve" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Pichincha Province">Mashpi Reserve</location>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[774,1003,1698,1724]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pichincha Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1016,1115,1698,1724]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, collected by 
<collectorName box="[1276,1452,1698,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Jaime Culebras</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName box="[498,688,1738,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carlos Morochz</collectorName>
on 
<date box="[736,963,1738,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2019-09-28">
<collectingDate box="[736,963,1738,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2019-09-28">28 September 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[498,1542,1658,1924]" box="[498,1316,1778,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712756303" box="[498,1312,1778,1804]" collectingDate="2019-09-28" collectionCode="CJ" collectorName="Jaime Culebras &amp; Carlos Morochz" country="Ecuador" elevation="1040" latitude="0.16334" location="Paratopotypes" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.86736" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="CJ11643-44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha Province">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,680,1778,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBA42AC948FFC4FE3BFA0A7F2CFA6C:8EBD43E7C948FFD3FE3BF93279CAF8E4" box="[498,674,1778,1804]" name="Paratopotypes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratopotypes</location>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[688,832,1778,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">CJ11643–44</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount box="[845,980,1778,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="adult">adult males</specimenCount>
with same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[498,1542,1658,1924]" lastBlockId="6.[498,1542,234,301]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712756309" collectingDate="2014-12-14" collectionCode="MZUTI" collectorName="Carlos Morochz &amp; Lucas Bustamante" country="Ecuador" elevation="1137" latitude="0.15469" location="Amagusa Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.85322" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="MZUTI-3921" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,624,1818,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus box="[498,618,1818,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[631,791,1818,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZUTI-3921</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount box="[803,926,1818,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
from 
<locationDeviation box="[998,1176,1818,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amagusa River</locationDeviation>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1190,1313,1817,1844]" degrees="0.15469" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="0.15469">0.15469 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1326,1467,1817,1844]" degrees="78.85322" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-78.85322">78.85322 W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.137" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1137.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.137" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1137.0">1,137 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l.), 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBA42AC948FFC4FE3BFA0A7F2CFA6C:8EBD43E7C948FFD3FD91F882784EF8B4" box="[600,806,1858,1884]" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.15469" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.85322" name="Amagusa Reserve" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Pichincha Province">Amagusa Reserve</location>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[817,1043,1857,1883]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pichincha Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1054,1153,1857,1883]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, collected by 
<collectorName box="[1305,1492,1857,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carlos Morochz</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName box="[498,711,1898,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lucas Bustamante</collectorName>
on 
<date box="[759,982,1897,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2014-12-14">
<collectingDate box="[759,982,1897,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2014-12-14">14 December 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
. CJ11645,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712756305" collectingDate="2019-10-28" collectionCode="MZUTI" collectorName="Jaime Culebras" country="Ecuador" elevation="1126" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" latitude="0.15469" location="Tayra Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.85322" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="MZUTI-3921" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Pichincha Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[1108,1232,1897,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
from 
<locationDeviation lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
tributary of the 
<taxonomicName authority="River" authorityName="River" box="[498,655,234,260]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi River</taxonomicName>
</locationDeviation>
(0.11463 N, 78.88307 W; 
<quantity box="[958,1052,234,261]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.126" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1126.0">
<elevation box="[958,1052,234,261]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.126" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1126.0">1,126 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l.), 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBA42AC948FFC4FE3BFA0A7F2CFA6C:8EBD43E7C94BFFD0FBA5FF2B7E7AFEED" box="[1132,1298,235,261]" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.15469" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.85322" name="Tayra Reserve" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Pichincha Province">Tayra Reserve</location>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1310,1538,234,260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pichincha Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[498,597,274,300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, collected by 
<collectorName box="[758,934,274,300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Jaime Culebras</collectorName>
on 
<date box="[983,1182,274,300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2019-10-28">
<collectingDate box="[983,1182,274,300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2019-10-28">28 October 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[498,1542,322,866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,734,322,348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Generic placement.</emphasis>
The new species is placed in the genus 
<taxonomicName authority="Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch (1991)" authorityName="sensu Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch" authorityYear="1991" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Hyalinobatrachium 
<bibRefCitation author="Ruiz-Carranza PM &amp; Lynch JD" box="[498,862,362,388]" journalOrPublisher="Lozania" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 30" part="57" refId="ref17080" refString="Ruiz-Carranza PM, Lynch JD. 1991. Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia I. Propuesta de una nueva clasificacion generica. Lozania 57: 1 - 30." title="Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia I. Propuesta de una nueva clasificacion generica" type="journal article" year="1991">Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch (1991)</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as modified by 
<bibRefCitation author="Guayasamin JM &amp; Castroviejo-Fisher S &amp; Trueb L &amp; Ayarzaguena J &amp; Rada M &amp; Vila C." box="[1059,1354,362,388]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 11" part="2100" refId="ref15114" refString="Guayasamin JM, Castroviejo-Fisher S, Trueb L, Ayarzaguena J, Rada M, Vila C. 2009. Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa 2100: 1 - 11 DOI 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2100.1.1." title="Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni" type="journal article" year="2009">
<emphasis box="[1059,1354,362,388]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guayasamin et al. (2009)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, on the basis of morphological and molecular data. The molecular phylogeny (
<figureCitation box="[1237,1302,401,428]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[524,589,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[529,1448,236,1738]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@7.[498,1146,241,1710]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2 Phylogenetic position of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and H. nouns sp. nov. Phy- logenetic relationships of Hyalinobatrachium inferred from the 16S mitochondrial gene under ML cri- terion. All sequences were downloaded from GenBank, except those in red (Material S2). Genbank codes are listed next to each terminal. Associated locality data is available at Genbank, as well as in Guayasamin et al. (2008, 2020), Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2014), and Twomey, Delia &amp; Castroviejo-Fisher (2014). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-2" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377352/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) places the new species within the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch" authorityYear="1991" box="[793,1020,441,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[793,1020,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyalinobatrachium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with high confidence. Phenotypically, the main diagnostic traits of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch" authorityYear="1991" box="[794,1021,481,507]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[794,1021,481,507]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyalinobatrachium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are: (1) completely transparent ventral parietal peritoneum; (2) digestive tract and bulbous liver are covered by iridophores; (3) absent humeral spines; (4) white bones in life; (5) males call from the undersides of leaves; (6) females place the eggs on the undersides of leaves; (7) males provide extended parental care; and (8) tympanum with an orientation that places it almost on a horizontal plane (instead of a more lateral plane as observed in other glassfrog genera). All the aforementioned characteristics are present in 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[1025,1342,720,746]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1025,1342,720,746]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1348,1437,721,747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
We note that we have observed males on the same leaves as egg clutches for continuous days, but additional studies are necessary to confirm that these observations actually represent extended paternal care.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="6.[498,1542,895,1320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,626,895,921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[634,953,896,922]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[634,953,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[961,1052,896,922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinguished from other species in the genus mainly by its dorsal coloration (
<emphasis box="[954,980,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">i.e</emphasis>
., head with light yellow spots that may form an interorbital bar; dorsum lime green with small light yellow spots) and by its transparent pericardium (
<emphasis box="[659,685,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">i.e</emphasis>
., red heart visible in ventral view). 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[1099,1418,1015,1041]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1099,1418,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1425,1516,1016,1042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is most similar to 
<emphasis box="[686,1082,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Barrera-Rodriguez &amp; Ruiz-Carranza" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[686,898,1056,1081]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">H. aureoguttatum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[911,1082,1055,1081]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talamancae">H. talamancae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1097,1428,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1097,1222,1055,1081]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">H. valerioi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Starrett &amp; Savage" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1235,1428,1056,1081]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vireovittatum">H. vireovittatum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[498,1542,895,1320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
the new species described below. Differences among these species are indicated in 
<tableCitation box="[1456,1542,1095,1121]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[117,172,248,269]" captionTargetBox="[108,1525,290,1777]" captionText="Table 1 Differences between Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov., H. nouns sp. nov., and similar and closely related species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D45B4C945FFDEFFBCFF387E27FEE6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableUuid="DF1D45B4C945FFDEFFBCFF387E27FEE6">Table 1</tableCitation>
and 
<figureCitation box="[550,654,1135,1162]" captionStart-0="Figure 3" captionStart-1="Figure 4" captionStart-2="Figure 5" captionStartId-0="10.[524,589,1432,1454]" captionStartId-1="11.[524,589,1432,1454]" captionStartId-2="12.[116,181,609,631]" captionTargetBox-0="[498,1541,235,1419]" captionTargetBox-1="[498,1541,235,1419]" captionTargetBox-2="[90,1541,235,596]" captionTargetId-0="figure-120@10.[498,1527,234,1404]" captionTargetId-1="figure-106@11.[498,1527,234,1404]" captionTargetId-2="figure-393@12.[90,1519,234,581]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="Figure 3 Dorsal and ventral photos of glassfrogs in life. (A) Male of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov., CJ11642 (holotype). (B) Gravid female of H. mashpi sp. nov., Mashpi Reserve, Ecuador. (C) Male of H. nouns sp. nov., ZSFQ0537. (D) Male of H. nouns sp. nov., MZUTI3299 (holotype). (E) Male of H. aureoguttatum, Ecuador. (F) Gravid female of H. aureoguttatum, Ecuador. Photos by Jaime Culebras (A, B, D, E, F) and Ross Maynard (C). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-3" captionText-1="Figure 4 Dorsal and ventral photos of glassfrogs in life. (A, B) Male of Hyalinobatrachium vireovittatum, Costa Rica. (C, D) Male of H. talamancae, Costa Rica. (E, F) Male of H. valerioi, Costa Rica. Photos by Jaime Culebras (A, C, D, E, F) and Josué Alberto Vargas (B). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-4" captionText-2="Figure 5 Dorsal patterns of glassfrogs in life. (A) Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov., CJ11642 (holotype). (B) H. nouns sp. nov., ZSFQ0537. (C) H. aureoguttatum, SC 435. (D) H. talamancae, Costa Rica. (E) H. vireovittatum, Costa Rica. (F) H. valerioi, Costa Rica.Photos by Jaime Culebras (A, D, E, F), Jose Vieira (B) and Luis Coloma (C). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-5" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377354" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377356" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377358" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6377354/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6377356/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6377358/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 3–5</figureCitation>
. The new species is morphologically cryptic with 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[1237,1542,1135,1161]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1237,1542,1135,1161]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyalinobatrachium nouns</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[498,590,1175,1201]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(described below); however, the two new species exhibit a considerable genetic distance (16S; 4.6–4.7%), which is particularly remarkable given that they are found at relatively close geographic proximity (straight distance = 18.9 km), but separated by the Intag-Guayllabamba river valley.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[498,1542,1356,1902]" box="[498,1352,1356,1383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,710,1356,1382]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Characterization.</emphasis>
The following combination of characters are found in
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[498,1542,1356,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[498,818,1397,1423]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[498,818,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[826,920,1397,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (1) dentigerous process of the vomer lacking teeth; (2) snout truncate in dorsal view and slightly protruding in lateral view; (3) tympanum oriented almost horizontally; tympanic annulus barely visible, hidden under skin; tympanic membrane differentiated, with coloration similar to that of surrounding skin; (4) dorsal skin shagreen; (5) ventral skin areolate; cloacal ornamentation absent, paired round tubercles below vent absent; (6) parietal peritoneum and pericardium translucent (in life, red heart visible in ventral view); liver, viscera and testes covered by iridophores; (7) liver bulbous; (8) humeral spines absent; (9) hand webbing formula: I (2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[1361,1374,1670,1686]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">+</superScript>
–2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[1403,1431,1670,1687]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1/2</superScript>
)—(3 
<superScript attach="right" box="[1492,1503,1669,1687]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–</superScript>
–3) II (2–2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[579,590,1709,1727]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–</superScript>
)—(3 
<superScript attach="none" box="[651,664,1710,1726]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">+</superScript>
–3 
<superScript attach="none" box="[693,721,1710,1727]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1/4</superScript>
) III (2–2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[831,844,1710,1726]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">+</superScript>
)—(1 
<superScript attach="none" box="[904,932,1710,1727]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3/4</superScript>
–2) IV; (10) foot webbing moderate; webbing formula: I 1 
<superScript attach="none" box="[636,649,1750,1766]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">+</superScript>
—(2–2 
<superScript attach="right" box="[729,742,1750,1766]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">+</superScript>
) II (1–1 
<superScript attach="none" box="[838,866,1750,1767]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1/3</superScript>
)—2 
<superScript attach="left" box="[917,945,1750,1767]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1/4</superScript>
III (1 
<superScript attach="none" box="[1014,1042,1750,1767]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1/3</superScript>
–1 
<superScript attach="none" box="[1071,1099,1750,1767]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1/2</superScript>
) —(2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[1167,1180,1750,1766]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">+</superScript>
–2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[1209,1236,1750,1767]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1/4</superScript>
) IV (2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[1316,1344,1750,1767]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1/2</superScript>
–2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[1373,1401,1750,1767]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1/3</superScript>
)—1 V; (11) fingers and toes with thin lateral fringes; ulnar and tarsal folds absent; (12) nuptial excrescence present as a small pad on Finger I (Type V), prepollex not enlarged; prepollical spine not projecting (spine not exposed); (13) when appressed, Finger I longer than II;
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377352/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[524,589,1767,1789]" targetBox="[529,1448,236,1738]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[524,1515,1766,1935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[524,1461,1766,1789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Figure 2 Phylogenetic position of 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[873,1145,1766,1788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
sp. nov. and 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1285,1376,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. nouns</emphasis>
sp. nov.
</emphasis>
Phy- logenetic relationships of 
<emphasis box="[772,958,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hyalinobatrachium</emphasis>
inferred from the 16S mitochondrial gene under ML cri- terion. All sequences were downloaded from GenBank, except those in red (Material S2). Genbank codes are listed next to each terminal. Associated locality data is available at Genbank, as well as in 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guayasamin et al. (2008</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[643,688,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2020</emphasis>
), 
<emphasis box="[708,1001,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2014)</emphasis>
, and 
<emphasis box="[1056,1470,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Twomey, Delia &amp; Castroviejo-Fisher (2014)</emphasis>
. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-2
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF1D45B4C945FFDEFFBCFF387E27FEE6" box="[117,1359,248,270]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D45B4C945FFDEFFBCFF387E27FEE6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[117,172,248,269]" targetBox="[108,1525,290,1777]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph blockId="8.[117,1359,248,270]" box="[117,1359,248,270]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Table 1 Differences between 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[412,684,248,270]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[412,684,248,270]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[691,770,248,269]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[782,873,249,270]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[782,873,249,270]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. nouns</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[880,958,248,269]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and similar and closely related species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<table box="[108,1525,290,1777]" gridcols="8" gridrows="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<tr box="[108,1525,290,429]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th box="[108,288,290,429]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Species</th>
<th box="[304,396,290,429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SVL in mm (adult males)</th>
<th box="[411,741,290,429]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dorsal pattern</th>
<th box="[759,868,290,429]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hear coloration in life</th>
<th box="[884,1001,290,429]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Interorbital bar</th>
<th box="[1025,1121,290,429]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type of call</th>
<th box="[1137,1296,290,429]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Biogeographic 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1265,320,342]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">distribution/</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1228,349,371]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Country/</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1290,378,400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Elevation (m a.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1172,407,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">s.l.)</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1312,1525,290,429]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1312,1388,290,312]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sources</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,449,588]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th box="[108,288,449,588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName box="[108,247,449,470]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adespinosai">
<emphasis box="[108,247,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. adespinosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,449,588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">20.5–22.2</td>
<td box="[411,741,449,588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pale yellowish green with small pale yellow spots and minute gray to black melanophores</td>
<td box="[759,868,449,588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Red</td>
<td box="[884,1001,449,588]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Absent</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,449,588]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pulsed</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,449,588]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amazonian slopes of the Andes Ecuador 1,670–1,795</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,449,588]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis box="[1312,1487,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Guayasamin et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1400,478,499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(2019a)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,603,713]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th box="[108,288,603,713]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Twomey, Delia &amp; Castroviejo-Fisher" authorityYear="2014" box="[108,252,603,625]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anachoretus">
<emphasis box="[108,252,603,625]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. anachoretus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,603,713]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">20.6–21.4</td>
<td box="[411,741,603,713]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Apple green with small yellow spots and minute melanophores</td>
<td box="[759,868,603,713]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Red</td>
<td box="[884,1001,603,713]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Absent</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,603,713]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pulsed</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,603,713]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amazonian slopes of the Andes Peru 2,001–2,050</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,603,713]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis box="[1312,1480,603,625]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Twomey, Delia &amp;</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1499,632,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Castroviejo-Fisher</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1389,662,683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(2014)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,728,926]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th box="[108,288,728,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Barrera-Rodriguez &amp; Ruiz-Carranza" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[108,279,729,750]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">
<emphasis box="[108,279,729,750]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. aureoguttatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,728,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">20.4–24.0</td>
<td box="[411,741,728,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Greenish yellow with large, bright yellow spots and, in some populations, dark flecks</td>
<td box="[759,868,728,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Usually red, but also red and white, or white</td>
<td box="[884,1001,728,926]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Usually absent</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,728,926]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tonal</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,728,926]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chocó, Pacific slopes of Andes Colombia, Ecuador, Panama 0–1,340</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,728,926]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis box="[1312,1512,728,750]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Barrera-Rodriguez &amp;</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1469,758,779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ruiz-Carranza</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1389,787,808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(1989)</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1401,1521,787,808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Guayasamin</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1443,816,838]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al. (2020)</emphasis>
, this study
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,941,1139]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th box="[108,288,941,1139]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cannatella" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[108,202,941,963]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis box="[108,202,941,963]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. bergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,941,1139]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">20.3–22.4</td>
<td box="[411,741,941,1139]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Apple green with small yellow spots and minute melanophores</td>
<td box="[759,868,941,1139]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mostly white</td>
<td box="[884,1001,941,1139]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Absent</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,941,1139]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tonal</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,941,1139]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amazonian lowlands and Amazonian slopes of the Andes Peru, Bolivia 300–1,980</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,941,1139]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis box="[1312,1483,941,962]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Castroviejo-Fisher</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1443,971,992]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al. (2009)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1154,1352]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th box="[108,288,1154,1352]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[108,219,1154,1176]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chirripoi">
<emphasis box="[108,219,1154,1176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. chirripoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,1154,1352]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24–27</td>
<td box="[411,741,1154,1352]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Greenish yellow with small yellow spots</td>
<td box="[759,868,1154,1352]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Red</td>
<td box="[884,1001,1154,1352]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Absent</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,1154,1352]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pulsed</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1154,1352]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Central America (Costa Rica, Panama); Chocó (Colombia and Ecuador) 0–320</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1154,1352]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation author="Savage JM" box="[1312,1442,1155,1176]" journalOrPublisher="USA; London, UK: The University of Chicago Press" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref17108" refString="Savage JM. 2002. The amphibians and reptiles of CostaRica: a herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. Chicago, IL, USA; London, UK: The University of Chicago Press, 934." title="The amphibians and reptiles of CostaRica: a herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. Chicago, IL" type="book" year="2002">
<emphasis box="[1312,1442,1155,1176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Savage (2002)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<emphasis box="[1452,1525,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kubicki</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1388,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(2007)</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1401,1521,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Guayasamin</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1443,1213,1234]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al. (2020)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1367,1565]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th box="[108,288,1367,1565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[108,288,1367,1389]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colymbiphyllum">
<emphasis box="[108,288,1367,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. colymbiphyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,1367,1565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">23–30</td>
<td box="[411,741,1367,1565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Greenish yellow with yellow spots</td>
<td box="[759,868,1367,1565]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Red</td>
<td box="[884,1001,1367,1565]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Absent</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,1367,1565]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pulsed</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1367,1565]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Central America (Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama); Chocó (Colombia) 0–1,710</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1367,1565]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis box="[1312,1505,1367,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">McCranie &amp; Wilson</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1389,1397,1418]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(2002)</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1401,1465,1397,1418]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Savage</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1389,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(2002)</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1401,1474,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kubicki</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1388,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(2007)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1580,1777]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th box="[108,288,1580,1777]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch" authorityYear="1998" box="[108,233,1580,1602]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeralda">
<emphasis box="[108,233,1580,1602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. esmeralda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,1580,1777]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18.4–22.3</td>
<td box="[411,741,1580,1777]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Greenish yellow with yellow spots and some minute dark dots</td>
<td box="[759,868,1580,1777]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Red or red and white</td>
<td box="[884,1001,1580,1777]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Absent</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,1580,1777]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Unknown</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1580,1777]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amazonian slopes of the Andes Colombia 1,026–1,700</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1580,1777]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis box="[1312,1478,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ruiz Carranza &amp;</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1453,1609,1631]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lynch (1998)</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1328,1457,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Acosta-Galvis</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[1328,1388,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(2017)</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1401,1487,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Twomey,</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Delia &amp; 
<bibRefCitation author="Castroviejo-Fisher S &amp; Guayasamin JM &amp; Gonzalez-Voyer A &amp; Vila C." box="[1328,1499,1726,1777]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="66 - 80" part="41" refId="ref14259" refString="Castroviejo-Fisher S, Guayasamin JM, Gonzalez-Voyer A, Vila C. 2014. Neotropical diversification seen through glassfrogs. Journal of Biogeography 41 (1): 66 - 80 DOI 10.1111 / jbi. 12208." title="Neotropical diversification seen through glassfrogs" type="journal article" year="2014">Castroviejo-Fisher (2014)</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[1421,1541,1797,1819]" box="[1421,1541,1797,1819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(Continued)</paragraph>
<caption box="[117,323,248,270]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[117,172,248,269]" targetBox="[108,1525,290,1515]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[117,323,248,270]" box="[117,323,248,270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 1 (continued)</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<table box="[108,1525,290,1515]" gridcols="8" gridrows="40" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<tr box="[108,1525,290,312]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th box="[108,283,290,312]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Species</th>
<th box="[304,396,290,312]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SVL in</th>
<th box="[411,743,290,312]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dorsal pattern</th>
<th box="[759,868,290,312]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hear</th>
<th box="[884,1001,290,312]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Interorbital</th>
<th box="[1025,1121,290,312]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type of</th>
<th box="[1137,1296,290,312]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Biogeographic</th>
<th box="[1312,1525,290,312]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1312,1388,290,312]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sources</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,320,342]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[304,396,320,342]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mm</td>
<td box="[759,868,320,342]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">coloration</td>
<td box="[884,1001,320,342]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">bar</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,320,342]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">call</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,320,342]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1265,320,342]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">distribution/</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,349,371]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[304,396,349,371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(adult</td>
<td box="[759,868,349,371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">in life</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,349,371]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1228,349,371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Country/</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,378,400]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[304,396,378,400]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">males)</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,378,400]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1290,378,400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Elevation (m a.</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,407,429]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,407,429]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1172,407,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">s.l.)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,448,471]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th box="[108,283,448,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,245,448,470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[108,210,448,470]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,210,448,470]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,448,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">19.7–20.9</td>
<td box="[411,743,448,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Greenish yellow with small and</td>
<td box="[759,868,448,471]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Red</td>
<td box="[884,1001,448,471]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Usually</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,448,471]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pulsed</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,448,471]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pacific slopes of</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,448,471]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">This study</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,478,500]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[108,283,478,500]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,166,478,499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nov.</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[411,743,478,500]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">diffuse yellow spots</td>
<td box="[884,1001,478,500]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">present</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,478,500]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">the Andes</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,507,529]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,507,529]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ecuador</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,536,558]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,536,558]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">976–1,137</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,574,596]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th box="[108,283,574,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,283,574,595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[108,198,574,595]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,198,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. nouns</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[205,283,574,595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,574,596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">19.1–21.3</td>
<td box="[411,743,574,596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Greenish yellow with small and</td>
<td box="[759,868,574,596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Red</td>
<td box="[884,1001,574,596]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Usually</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,574,596]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Unknown</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,574,596]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pacific slopes of</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,574,596]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">This study</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,603,625]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[411,743,603,625]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">diffuse yellow spots</td>
<td box="[884,1001,603,625]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">present</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,603,625]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">the Andes</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,632,654]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,632,654]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ecuador</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,662,684]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,662,684]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1,177–1,420</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,699,721]" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th box="[108,283,699,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lynch &amp; Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[108,242,699,721]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucidum">
<emphasis box="[108,242,699,721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. pellucidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,699,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">20.4–21.4</td>
<td box="[411,743,699,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Greenish yellow with small yellow</td>
<td box="[759,868,699,721]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">White</td>
<td box="[884,1001,699,721]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Absent</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,699,721]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tonal</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,699,721]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Amazonian</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,699,721]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1312,1494,699,721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lynch &amp; Duellman</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,728,750]" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[411,743,728,750]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">spots</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,728,750]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">slopes of the</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,728,750]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1328,1389,729,750]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(1973)</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1401,1521,729,750]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guayasamin</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,758,780]" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,758,780]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Andes</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,758,780]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1328,1443,758,779]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al. (2020)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,787,809]" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,787,809]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ecuador, Peru</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,816,838]" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,816,838]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">523–1,740</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,854,876]" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th box="[108,283,854,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[108,208,854,875]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">
<emphasis box="[108,208,854,875]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. valerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,854,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">19.5–24.0</td>
<td box="[411,743,854,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Greenish yellow with large and</td>
<td box="[759,868,854,876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Red or red</td>
<td box="[884,1001,854,876]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Usually</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,854,876]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tonal</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,854,876]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Central</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,854,876]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation author="Savage JM" box="[1312,1442,854,875]" journalOrPublisher="USA; London, UK: The University of Chicago Press" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref17108" refString="Savage JM. 2002. The amphibians and reptiles of CostaRica: a herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. Chicago, IL, USA; London, UK: The University of Chicago Press, 934." title="The amphibians and reptiles of CostaRica: a herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. Chicago, IL" type="book" year="2002">
<emphasis box="[1312,1442,854,875]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savage (2002)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<emphasis box="[1452,1525,854,875]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kubicki</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,883,905]" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[411,743,883,905]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">diffuse yellow spots</td>
<td box="[759,868,883,905]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">and white</td>
<td box="[884,1001,883,905]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">absent</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,883,905]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">América,</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,883,905]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1328,1388,883,904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(2007)</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1401,1521,883,904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guayasamin</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,912,934]" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,912,934]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chocó, Pacific</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,912,934]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1328,1443,912,934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al. (2020)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,941,963]" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,941,963]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">slopes of the</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,971,993]" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,971,993]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Andes</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1000,1022]" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,1000,1022]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Costa Rica,</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1029,1051]" gridrow="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,1029,1051]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Colombia,</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1058,1080]" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,1058,1080]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ecuador</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1087,1110]" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[1137,1296,1087,1110]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0–1,500</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1125,1147]" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th box="[108,283,1125,1147]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Starrett &amp; Savage" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[108,266,1126,1147]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vireovittatum">
<emphasis box="[108,266,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. vireovittatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,1125,1147]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">21.5–23.0</td>
<td box="[411,743,1125,1147]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Greenish yellow with small yellow</td>
<td box="[759,868,1125,1147]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Red</td>
<td box="[884,1001,1125,1147]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Present or</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,1125,1147]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tonal</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1125,1147]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Central America</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1125,1147]" gridcol="7" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation author="Savage JM" box="[1312,1442,1125,1146]" journalOrPublisher="USA; London, UK: The University of Chicago Press" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref17108" refString="Savage JM. 2002. The amphibians and reptiles of CostaRica: a herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. Chicago, IL, USA; London, UK: The University of Chicago Press, 934." title="The amphibians and reptiles of CostaRica: a herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. Chicago, IL" type="book" year="2002">
<emphasis box="[1312,1442,1125,1146]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savage (2002)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<emphasis box="[1452,1525,1125,1146]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kubicki</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1154,1176]" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[411,743,1154,1176]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">spots. Dark green middorsal</td>
<td box="[884,1001,1154,1176]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">absent</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1154,1176]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Costa Rica</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1154,1176]" gridcol="7" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1328,1388,1155,1176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(2007)</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1401,1485,1155,1176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Campos-</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1183,1206]" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[411,743,1183,1206]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">stripe outlined by yellow</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1183,1206]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">250–1,957</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1183,1206]" gridcol="7" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1328,1476,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Villalobos et al.</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1213,1235]" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td box="[411,743,1213,1235]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">paravertebral stripes</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1213,1235]" gridcol="7" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1328,1389,1213,1234]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(2020)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1250,1273]" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th box="[108,283,1250,1273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[108,247,1250,1272]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talamancae">
<emphasis box="[108,247,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. talamancae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,1250,1273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">24–26</td>
<td box="[411,743,1250,1273]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Greenish yellow with small yellow</td>
<td box="[759,868,1250,1273]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Red</td>
<td box="[884,1001,1250,1273]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Present or</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,1250,1273]" gridcol="5" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tonal</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1250,1273]" gridcol="6" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Central America</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1250,1273]" gridcol="7" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation author="Kubicki B." box="[1312,1444,1250,1271]" journalOrPublisher="Brenesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="25 - 30" part="66" refId="ref15810" refString="Kubicki B. 2006. Rediscovery of the green-striped glass frog Hyalinobatrachium talamancae (Anura Centrolenidae) in Costa Rica. Brenesia 66: 25 - 30." title="Rediscovery of the green-striped glass frog Hyalinobatrachium talamancae (Anura Centrolenidae) in Costa Rica" type="journal article" year="2006">
<emphasis box="[1312,1444,1250,1271]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kubicki (2006</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Kubicki B." box="[1457,1502,1251,1272]" journalOrPublisher="Costa Rica: Editorial INBio" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref15838" refString="Kubicki B. 2007. Glass Frogs of Costa Rica / Ranas de Vidrio de Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Editorial INBio." title="Glass Frogs of Costa Rica / Ranas de Vidrio de Costa Rica" type="book" year="2007">
<emphasis box="[1457,1502,1251,1272]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2007</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
);
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1280,1302]" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[411,743,1280,1302]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">spots. Dark green middorsal</td>
<td box="[884,1001,1280,1302]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">absent</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1280,1302]" gridcol="6" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Costa Rica</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1280,1302]" gridcol="7" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1328,1467,1280,1301]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Zamora-Roda,</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1309,1331]" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[411,743,1309,1331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">stripe present.</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1309,1331]" gridcol="6" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">475–1,600</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1309,1331]" gridcol="7" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Herrera-Martínez &amp;</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1338,1359]" gridrow="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td box="[1312,1525,1338,1359]" gridcol="7" gridrow="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1328,1466,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Salazar (2021)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1376,1398]" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th box="[108,283,1376,1398]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName box="[108,184,1376,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yaku">
<emphasis box="[108,184,1376,1397]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. yaku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[304,396,1376,1398]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">20.8–22.3</td>
<td box="[411,743,1376,1398]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Green with small yellow spots and</td>
<td box="[759,868,1376,1398]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Red</td>
<td box="[884,1001,1376,1398]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Absent</td>
<td box="[1025,1121,1376,1398]" gridcol="5" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tonal</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1376,1398]" gridcol="6" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Amazonian</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1376,1398]" gridcol="7" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1312,1487,1376,1397]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guayasamin et al.</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1405,1427]" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[411,743,1405,1427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">minute melanophores; posterior</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1405,1427]" gridcol="6" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lowlands</td>
<td box="[1312,1525,1405,1427]" gridcol="7" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis box="[1328,1399,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(2017a)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1434,1456]" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[411,743,1434,1456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">head and anterior half of the</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1434,1456]" gridcol="6" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ecuador</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1463,1485]" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[411,743,1463,1485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">body with few small dark green</td>
<td box="[1137,1296,1463,1485]" gridcol="6" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">300–360</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1525,1493,1515]" gridrow="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td box="[411,743,1493,1515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">spots placed middorsally</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<footnote pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<paragraph blockId="9.[90,544,1528,1570]" box="[90,139,1528,1547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[90,139,1528,1547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Note:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[90,544,1528,1570]" box="[122,544,1551,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sources of traits are indicated in the last column.</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph blockId="9.[498,1541,1643,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(14) diameter of eye about 2 times wider than disc on Finger III; (15) coloration in life: dorsal surfaces lime green with small light yellow spots; (16) coloration in preservative: dorsal surfaces creamish white, with minute lavender melanophores; (17) eye coloration in life: iris yellow to golden-yellow; pupil surrounded by lavender ring; (18) melanophores absent from fingers and toes, except Toes IV and V; (19) males call from underside of leaves; advertisement call consisting of single pulsed note, with duration of 0.37–0.46 s, peak frequency at 5.25–5.60 kHz, maximum frequency at 5.46–5.81 kHz, and minimum</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377354/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[524,589,1432,1454]" targetBox="[498,1541,235,1419]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph blockId="10.[524,1516,1432,1571]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[524,1089,1432,1454]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 3 Dorsal and ventral photos of glassfrogs in life.</emphasis>
(A) Male of 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[1219,1481,1432,1453]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1219,1481,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, CJ11642 (holotype). (B) Gravid female of 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[970,1067,1461,1483]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[970,1067,1461,1483]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1072,1147,1462,1483]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Reserve" authorityName="Reserve" box="[1156,1308,1461,1483]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi Reserve</taxonomicName>
, Ecuador. (C) Male of 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[524,613,1491,1512]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[524,613,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. nouns</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[623,703,1491,1512]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ZSFQ0537. (D) Male of 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[962,1051,1491,1512]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[962,980,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[994,1051,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nouns</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1061,1141,1491,1512]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MZUTI3299 (holotype). (E) Male of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Barrera-Rodriguez &amp; Ruiz-Carranza" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[524,694,1520,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">
<emphasis box="[524,694,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. aureoguttatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Ecuador. (F) Gravid female of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Barrera-Rodriguez &amp; Ruiz-Carranza" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[1000,1171,1520,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">
<emphasis box="[1000,1171,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. aureoguttatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Ecuador. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Photos by Jaime Culebras (A, B, D, E, F) and Ross Maynard (C)</emphasis>
. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-3
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="10.[498,1542,1626,1932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
frequency at 4.62–4.92 kHz; (20) males attend egg clutches located on the underside of leaves overhanging streams; clutch size of 31 or 32 embryos (
<emphasis box="[1223,1239,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 2); (21) SVL in adult males 19.7–20.9 mm (mean = 20.5; 
<emphasis box="[912,928,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 5); females unknown; and (22) enameled tubercles absent from sides of head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[498,1542,1626,1932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,862,1785,1812]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description of the holotype</emphasis>
. CJ11642, adult male with SVL 20.6 mm. Head wider than long (head width 39% of SVL; head length 78% of head width). Snout truncate in dorsal view and slightly protruding in lateral view. Loreal region concave, nostrils slightly protuberant, elliptical; internarial region concave; canthus rostralis not well defined. Eyes
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377356" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377356/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[524,589,1432,1454]" targetBox="[498,1541,235,1419]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph blockId="11.[524,1516,1432,1542]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[524,1113,1432,1454]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 4 Dorsal and ventral photos of glassfrogs in life.</emphasis>
(A, B) Male of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Starrett &amp; Savage" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vireovittatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hyalinobatrachium vireovittatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Costa Rica. (C, D) Male of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[896,1034,1461,1483]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talamancae">
<emphasis box="[896,1034,1461,1483]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. talamancae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Costa Rica. (E, F) Male of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1298,1397,1461,1483]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">
<emphasis box="[1298,1397,1461,1483]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. valerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Costa Rica. 
<emphasis box="[524,1199,1490,1512]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Photos by Jaime Culebras (A, C, D, E, F) and Josué Alberto Vargas (B)</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[524,1516,1432,1542]" box="[1099,1515,1520,1542]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-4</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="11.[498,1541,1592,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
small, directed anterolaterally, eyes about 50 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1020,1030,1592,1610]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<superScript attach="left" box="[1020,1030,1592,1610]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ǫ</superScript>
</emphasis>
relative to midline (where anterior-facing eyes would be 90 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[700,710,1632,1650]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<superScript attach="left" box="[700,710,1632,1650]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ǫ</superScript>
</emphasis>
relative to midline). Tympanum barely visible, oriented almost horizontally; tympanic membrane differentiated and pigmented as surrounding skin. Dentigerous processes on vomers absent; choanae large, oval, separated widely (distance about the same as between nostrils); tongue round, white in preservative, anterior 4/5 attached to mouth; posterior border of tongue widely notched; vocal slits present, extending along floor of mouth lateral to tongue; enameled glands absent from lower part of upper jaw. Ulnar fold absent; humeral spine absent. Relative length of fingers:
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377358/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[116,181,609,631]" targetBox="[90,1541,235,596]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph blockId="12.[116,1515,609,689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[116,564,609,631]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 5 Dorsal patterns of glassfrogs in life.</emphasis>
(A) 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[609,868,609,630]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[609,868,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[875,951,610,631]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, CJ11642 (holotype). (B) 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[1193,1279,610,631]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nouns" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1193,1279,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. nouns</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1286,1362,610,631]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ZSFQ0537. (C) 
<taxonomicName authority=", SC" authorityName="SC" box="[116,323,638,660]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">
<emphasis box="[116,134,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[144,285,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">aureoguttatum</emphasis>
, SC
</taxonomicName>
435. (D) 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[414,552,638,660]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talamancae">
<emphasis box="[414,552,638,660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. talamancae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Costa Rica. (E) 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Starrett &amp; Savage" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[711,868,639,660]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vireovittatum">
<emphasis box="[711,729,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[740,868,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">vireovittatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Costa Rica. (F) 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1025,1124,638,660]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">
<emphasis box="[1025,1124,638,660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. valerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Costa Rica. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Photos by Jaime Culebras (A, D, E, F), Jose Vieira (B) and 
<taxonomicName box="[393,513,667,689]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Luis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloma">Luis Coloma</taxonomicName>
(C)
</emphasis>
. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-5
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="12.[498,1542,744,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
II &lt;I &lt;IV &lt;III; finger discs rounded, about the same size as discs on toes, disc on Finger III 42% of eye width; hand webbing reduced between Fingers I–III, moderate between Fingers III and IV, with formula I 2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[828,841,819,835]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</superScript>
—3 
<superScript attach="left" box="[882,893,818,836]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">–</superScript>
II 2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[944,955,818,836]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">–</superScript>
—3 
<superScript attach="left" box="[996,1024,819,836]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1/5</superScript>
III 2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[1085,1098,819,835]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</superScript>
—1 
<superScript attach="left" box="[1138,1166,819,836]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3/4</superScript>
IV. Prepollex concealed; subarticular tubercles round, faint; few small supernumerary tubercles present, palmar tubercle round, of moderate size and difficult to see, thenar tubercle ovoid; nuptial excrescences present as a small pad on external edge of Finger I (Type V). Hind limbs slender, tibia length 55% of SVL; tarsal fold absent; discs of toes round; inner metatarsal tubercle small, outer metatarsal tubercle round, both very difficult to distinguish. Webbing formula of feet: I 1 
<superScript attach="none" box="[721,734,1058,1074]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</superScript>
—2 II 1—2 
<superScript attach="left" box="[866,894,1058,1075]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1/4</superScript>
III 1 
<superScript attach="none" box="[955,983,1058,1075]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1/2</superScript>
—2 
<superScript attach="left" box="[1024,1037,1058,1074]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</superScript>
IV 2 
<superScript attach="none" box="[1098,1126,1058,1075]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1/2</superScript>
—1 V. In preservative, dorsal skin creamish white, with minute dark lavender melanophores (only visible under the stereomicroscope); dorsal skin shagreen; skin on venter areolate; cloacal opening at level of upper thighs, small and non-enameled cloacal warts present. Parietal peritoneum and pericardium translucent (in life, the red heart is visible ventrally); urinary bladder lacking iridophores; liver, viscera, and tested fully covered by iridophores. Kidneys rounded, approximately bean-shaped; liver bulbous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[498,1542,1365,1591]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,713,1365,1391]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
Dorsal surfaces apple green to yellowish green with diffuse yellow spots; head with light yellow spots that may form an interorbital bar. Melanophores absent from fingers and toes, except Toes IV and V. Ventrally, parietal peritoneum and pericardium transparent, with a red heart always visible. Gall bladder and urinary bladder covered by translucent peritonea; hepatic and visceral peritonea covered by white iridophores; ventral vein red. Iris yellow, with numerous minute lavender spots. Bones white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[498,1541,1627,1813]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,819,1627,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Coloration in preservative</emphasis>
. Dorsal surfaces creamish white dotted with minute dark lavender melanophores; venter uniform cream, with partial translucence; pericardium translucent; visceral peritoneum covered by iridophores. Iris white with minute lavender melanophores. Melanophores absent from hands and feet, except from some few present on dorsal surfaces of Toes IV and V.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[498,1539,1848,1915]" box="[498,1419,1848,1875]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,934,1848,1875]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Measurements of holotype (in mm)</emphasis>
. CJ11642, adult male. SVL = 20.6, femur
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[498,1539,1848,1915]" box="[498,1539,1888,1915]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">length = 11.4, tibia length = 11.3, foot length = 9.6, head length = 6.2, head width = 8.0,</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377364/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[116,181,886,908]" targetBox="[91,1517,235,855]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[116,1515,885,995]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figure 6 Visual representation of 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[485,762,885,907]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[485,762,885,907]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[776,859,886,907]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
advertisement call, with comparisons of two similar species, 
<taxonomicName box="[116,295,915,936]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[116,295,915,936]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. aureoguttatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[350,457,915,937]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[350,457,915,937]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. valerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The call of each species is depicted in three forms: (Top) oscillograms, waveforms representing amplitude changes over time; (Middle) spectrograms, plots of frequency over time, with higher amplitudes represented by brighter colors; and (Bottom) power spectra, representing the relative amplitude of each frequency. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-6
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377366" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377366/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[524,589,1511,1533]" targetBox="[498,1541,1071,1498]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[524,1515,1511,1650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[524,1420,1511,1533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 7 Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of glassfrog species’ calls.</emphasis>
Variables analyzed include: peak frequency, maximum frequency, minimum frequency, call duration, and inter-call duration. Sample size as follows: 
<taxonomicName box="[832,969,1570,1591]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adespinosai">
<emphasis box="[832,969,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. adespinosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
one individual, 10 calls; 
<taxonomicName box="[1200,1369,1570,1591]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">
<emphasis box="[1200,1369,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. aureoguttatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
six individuals, 24 calls; 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[602,698,1599,1621]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[602,698,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[704,777,1599,1620]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
two individuals, 12 calls; 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lynch &amp; Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1015,1147,1599,1621]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucidum">
<emphasis box="[1015,1147,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. pellucidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
one individual, 41 calls; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Castroviejo-Fisher, Ayarzaguena &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2007" box="[1376,1470,1600,1621]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatayoi">
<emphasis box="[1376,1470,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. tatayoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
four individuals, 26 calls; 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[721,820,1628,1650]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">
<emphasis box="[721,820,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. valerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
three individuals, 70 calls. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-7
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="13.[498,1542,1705,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">interorbital distance = 2.4,eye diameter = 2.6, tympanum diameter = 0.6, arm length = 4.2, hand length = 6.3, Finger I length = 4.6, Finger II length = 4.1, width of Finger III = 1.1.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[498,1542,1807,1914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,663,1807,1833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Vocalizations</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[682,758,1807,1833]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[116,181,886,908]" captionTargetBox="[91,1517,235,855]" captionTargetId="figure-83@13.[90,1519,234,857]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6 Visual representation of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. advertisement call, with comparisons of two similar species, H. aureoguttatum and H. valerioi. The call of each species is depicted in three forms: (Top) oscillograms, waveforms representing amplitude changes over time; (Middle) spectrograms, plots of frequency over time, with higher amplitudes represented by brighter colors; and (Bottom) power spectra, representing the relative amplitude of each frequency. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-6" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377364/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[773,787,1808,1834]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[524,589,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[498,1541,1071,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-165@13.[498,1283,1071,1483]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7 Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of glassfrog species’ calls. Variables analyzed include: peak frequency, maximum frequency, minimum frequency, call duration, and inter-call duration. Sample size as follows:H.adespinosai one individual, 10 calls; H. aureoguttatum six individuals, 24 calls; H.mashpi sp. nov. two individuals, 12 calls; H. pellucidum one individual, 41 calls; H.tatayoi four individuals, 26 calls; H. valerioi three individuals, 70 calls. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-7" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377366/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</figureCitation>
). We measured call variables from two individuals, each from a different locality, 
<taxonomicName authority="Reserve" authorityName="Reserve" box="[706,891,1847,1874]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi Reserve</taxonomicName>
(CJ11642; call code LBE-C-051) and Tayra Reserve (CJ11645; call code LBE-C-052). The call of 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[1024,1343,1887,1913]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1024,1343,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1352,1443,1888,1914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation box="[1462,1527,1887,1913]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[116,181,886,908]" captionTargetBox="[91,1517,235,855]" captionTargetId="figure-83@13.[90,1519,234,857]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6 Visual representation of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. advertisement call, with comparisons of two similar species, H. aureoguttatum and H. valerioi. The call of each species is depicted in three forms: (Top) oscillograms, waveforms representing amplitude changes over time; (Middle) spectrograms, plots of frequency over time, with higher amplitudes represented by brighter colors; and (Bottom) power spectra, representing the relative amplitude of each frequency. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-6" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377364/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF1D45B4C943FFD8FFBCFF387F4AFEE6" box="[117,1058,248,270]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D45B4C943FFD8FFBCFF387F4AFEE6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[117,172,248,269]" targetBox="[108,1524,290,1076]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph blockId="14.[117,1058,248,270]" box="[117,1058,248,270]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Table 2 Acoustic differences between 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[500,772,248,270]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[500,772,248,270]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[779,857,248,269]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and related species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<table box="[108,1524,290,1076]" gridcols="8" gridrows="25" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<tr box="[108,1524,290,312]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th box="[108,285,290,312]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Species</th>
<th box="[301,470,290,312]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Call codes</th>
<th box="[497,724,290,312]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Call structure</th>
<th box="[750,889,290,312]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Call duration</th>
<th box="[911,1060,290,312]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Inter-call</th>
<th box="[1077,1188,290,312]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Peak</th>
<th box="[1213,1360,290,312]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Maximum</th>
<th box="[1377,1524,290,312]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1377,1479,290,312]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Minimum</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,320,342]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td box="[750,889,320,342]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(s)</td>
<td box="[911,1060,320,342]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">interval (s)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,320,342]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">frequency</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,320,342]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">frequency</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,320,342]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1377,1475,320,342]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">frequency</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,349,371]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td box="[1077,1188,349,371]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(kHz)</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,349,371]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(kHz)</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,349,371]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1377,1435,349,371]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(kHz)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,390,412]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th box="[108,285,390,412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[108,210,390,412]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,210,390,412]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[301,470,390,412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">LBE-C-051, LBE-</td>
<td box="[497,724,390,412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 note per call; pulsed;</td>
<td box="[750,889,390,412]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.37–0.46</td>
<td box="[911,1060,390,412]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">10.07–17.48</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,390,412]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5.25–5.6</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,390,412]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5.46–5.81 (5.62</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,390,412]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4.62–4.92 (4.79</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,419,442]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th box="[108,285,419,442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,201,420,441]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[301,470,419,442]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C-052</td>
<td box="[497,724,419,442]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8–10 pulses per note</td>
<td box="[750,889,419,442]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(0.43 ± 0.03)</td>
<td box="[911,1060,419,442]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(12.8 ± 2.17)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,419,442]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(5.38 ±</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,419,442]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">± 0.11)</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,419,442]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">± 0.10)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,449,471]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[108,285,449,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">two individuals,</th>
<td box="[1077,1188,449,471]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.12)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,478,500]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[108,285,478,500]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">12 calls</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,515,538]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th box="[108,285,515,538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName box="[108,253,515,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adespinosai">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,253,515,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. adespinosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[301,470,515,538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">LBE-C-050</td>
<td box="[497,724,515,538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 note per call; pulsed;</td>
<td box="[750,889,515,538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.448–0.646</td>
<td box="[911,1060,515,538]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">10.87–30.04</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,515,538]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4.87–5.04</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,515,538]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5.0–5.25</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,515,538]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4.32–4.75</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,545,567]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1">
<th box="[108,285,545,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">one individual</th>
<td box="[497,724,545,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">~12 pulses per note</td>
<td box="[750,889,545,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(0.543 ±</td>
<td box="[911,1060,545,567]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(20.12 ± 8.77)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,545,567]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(4.94 ±</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,545,567]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(5.11 ± 0.08)</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,545,567]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(4.57 ± 0.15)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,574,596]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[108,285,574,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">10 calls</th>
<td box="[750,889,574,596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.07)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,574,596]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.07)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,611,634]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th box="[108,285,611,634]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName box="[108,285,612,633]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,285,612,633]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. aureoguttatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[301,470,611,634]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">LBE-C-053–057</td>
<td box="[497,724,611,634]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 note per call; tonal;</td>
<td box="[750,889,611,634]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.078–0.087</td>
<td box="[911,1060,611,634]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.99–5.20</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,611,634]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6.63–7.41</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,611,634]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7.78–8.90 (8.11</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,611,634]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5.16–5.91</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,641,663]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1">
<th box="[108,285,641,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">six individuals</th>
<td box="[497,724,641,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">harmonics present</td>
<td box="[750,889,641,663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(0.082 ±</td>
<td box="[911,1060,641,663]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(3.24 ± 0.79)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,641,663]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(6.87 ±</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,641,663]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">± 0.27)</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,641,663]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(5.62 ± 0.21)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,670,692]" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[108,285,670,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">24 calls</th>
<td box="[750,889,670,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.002)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,670,692]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.25)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,707,730]" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th box="[108,285,707,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[108,224,707,729]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chirripoi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,224,707,729]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. chirripoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[301,470,707,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">LBE-C-010</td>
<td box="[497,724,707,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 note per call; pulsed;</td>
<td box="[750,889,707,730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.235–0.274</td>
<td box="[911,1060,707,730]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">84.3</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,707,730]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4.48</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,707,730]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4.99–5.77 (5.38</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,707,730]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4.16–4.21</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,737,759]" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1">
<th box="[108,285,737,759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">one individual</th>
<td box="[497,724,737,759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">12–13 pulses per note</td>
<td box="[750,889,737,759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(0.255 ±</td>
<td box="[911,1060,737,759]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(only 2 notes</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,737,759]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(4.48 ± 0)</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,737,759]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">± 0.05)</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,737,759]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(4.19 ± 0.04)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,766,788]" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[108,285,766,788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">two calls</th>
<td box="[750,889,766,788]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.03)</td>
<td box="[911,1060,766,788]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">in recording)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,803,826]" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th box="[108,285,803,826]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lynch &amp; Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[108,248,803,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucidum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,248,803,825]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. pellucidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[301,470,803,826]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">LBE-C-003</td>
<td box="[497,724,803,826]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 note per call; tonal</td>
<td box="[750,889,803,826]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.1–0.146</td>
<td box="[911,1060,803,826]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.67–5.35</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,803,826]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5.60–5.86</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,803,826]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5.86–6.14</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,803,826]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5.05–5.32</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,833,855]" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th box="[108,285,833,855]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 individual</th>
<td box="[750,889,833,855]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(0.129 ±</td>
<td box="[911,1060,833,855]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(2.94 ± 0.79)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,833,855]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(5.70 ±</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,833,855]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(6.0 ± 0.06)</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,833,855]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(5.16 ± 0.07)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,862,884]" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[108,285,862,884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">41 calls</th>
<td box="[750,889,862,884]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.009)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,862,884]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.06)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,899,922]" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th box="[108,285,899,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Castroviejo-Fisher, Ayarzaguena &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2007" box="[108,208,900,921]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatayoi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,208,900,921]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. tatayoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[301,470,899,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">LBE-C-058</td>
<td box="[497,724,899,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 note per call; tonal</td>
<td box="[750,889,899,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.076–0.276</td>
<td box="[911,1060,899,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.05–21.68</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,899,922]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4.45–5.11</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,899,922]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4.83–5.40 (5.14</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,899,922]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3.30–4.61 (4.24</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,929,951]" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th box="[108,285,929,951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">four individuals</th>
<td box="[750,889,929,951]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(0.143 ±</td>
<td box="[911,1060,929,951]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(7.64 ± 4.92)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,929,951]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(4.82 ±</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,929,951]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">± 0.17)</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,929,951]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">± 0.34)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,958,980]" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[108,285,958,980]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">26 calls</th>
<td box="[750,889,958,980]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.04)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,958,980]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.77)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,995,1018]" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th box="[108,285,995,1018]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,213,995,1017]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. valerioi</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[301,470,995,1018]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName authority="ML" authorityName="ML" box="[301,336,996,1018]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">ML</taxonomicName>
201469,
</td>
<td box="[497,724,995,1018]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 note per call; tonal;</td>
<td box="[750,889,995,1018]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.065–0.10</td>
<td box="[911,1060,995,1018]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.76–8.00</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,995,1018]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6.46–7.24</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,995,1018]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7.22–7.90</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,995,1018]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4.09–5.88 (5.12</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,1025,1047]" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th box="[108,285,1025,1047]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">three individuals</th>
<td box="[301,470,1025,1047]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ML201473,</td>
<td box="[497,724,1025,1047]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">harmonics present</td>
<td box="[750,889,1025,1047]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(0.079 ±</td>
<td box="[911,1060,1025,1047]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(4.27 ± 1.21)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,1025,1047]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(6.77 ±</td>
<td box="[1213,1360,1025,1047]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(7.53 ± 0.17)</td>
<td box="[1377,1524,1025,1047]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">± 0.51)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1524,1054,1076]" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[108,285,1054,1076]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">70 calls</th>
<td box="[301,470,1054,1076]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ML201475</td>
<td box="[750,889,1054,1076]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.01)</td>
<td box="[1077,1188,1054,1076]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.19)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<footnote pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph blockId="14.[90,918,1090,1132]" box="[90,139,1090,1109]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[90,139,1090,1109]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Note:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[90,918,1090,1132]" box="[122,918,1112,1132]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">For each variable, data range is followed by the mean and standard deviation in parentheses.</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph blockId="14.[498,1542,1187,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">consists of a single pulsed (amplitude-modulated) note, which starts with one lower-frequency pulse followed by ~9 more consistent pulses at a slightly higher dominant frequency. We analyzed variables from both individuals: four calls from CJ11645 and eight calls from CJ11642. Calls in our field recordings had a duration of 0.373–0.461 s</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[498,1542,1187,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
(mean = 0.425 ± 0.027 SD, 
<emphasis box="[825,841,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
= 12). Time between calls ranged from 10.07–17.48 s (mean = 12.80 ± 2.166 SD, 
<emphasis box="[819,835,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
= 10); intervals between 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[1129,1249,1387,1413]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">
<emphasis box="[1129,1249,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
calls were longer when a sympatric glassfrog (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[738,1020,1427,1453]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Espadarana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prosoblepon">
<emphasis box="[738,1020,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Espadarana prosoblepon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) called in the interim period. Peak frequency was 5.25–5.6 kHz (mean = 5.38 kHz ± 0.12 SD; 
<emphasis box="[1070,1086,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
= 12), with a maximum frequency of 5.46–5.81 kHz (mean = 5.38 kHz ± 0.11 SD; 
<emphasis box="[1032,1048,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
= 12) and a minimum frequency of 4.62–4.92 kHz (mean = 4.79 kHz ± 0.10 SD; 
<emphasis box="[1032,1048,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
= 12).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[498,1542,1187,1892]" lastBlockId="15.[498,1542,234,1934]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
We compared the calls of 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[841,962,1586,1612]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[841,962,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[970,1062,1587,1613]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
to those of phenotypically and/or genotypically similar species within the same genus: 
<emphasis box="[1119,1514,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName box="[1119,1292,1626,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adespinosai">H. adespinosai</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1305,1514,1627,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">H. aureoguttatum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lynch &amp; Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[498,662,1666,1692]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucidum">
<emphasis box="[498,662,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. pellucidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Castroviejo-Fisher, Ayarzaguena &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2007" box="[677,795,1666,1691]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatayoi">
<emphasis box="[677,795,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. tatayoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[861,984,1666,1692]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">
<emphasis box="[861,984,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. valerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation box="[1002,1090,1666,1692]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="14.[117,172,248,269]" captionTargetBox="[108,1524,290,1076]" captionText="Table 2 Acoustic differences between Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and related species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D45B4C943FFD8FFBCFF387F4AFEE6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="DF1D45B4C943FFD8FFBCFF387F4AFEE6">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The call of 
<taxonomicName box="[1248,1418,1666,1692]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adespinosai">
<emphasis box="[1248,1418,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. adespinosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a single pulsed (amplitude-modulated) note, consisting of ~12 pulses (mean call duration = 0.54 s ± 0.007 SD, 
<emphasis box="[645,661,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
= 10). Time between calls ranged from 10.87–30.04 s (mean inter-call interval = 20.12 s ± 8.77 SD). Mean peak/fundamental frequency was 4.94 kHz (±0.07 SD; range = 4.87–5.04 kHz), with a mean maximum frequency of 5.11 (±0.08 SD; range = 5.0–5.25 kHz) and a mean minimum frequency of 4.57 (±0.15 SD; range = 4.32–4.75 kHz). The call of 
<taxonomicName box="[661,869,235,260]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">
<emphasis box="[661,869,235,260]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. aureoguttatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[887,951,234,260]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[116,181,886,908]" captionTargetBox="[91,1517,235,855]" captionTargetId="figure-83@13.[90,1519,234,857]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6 Visual representation of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. advertisement call, with comparisons of two similar species, H. aureoguttatum and H. valerioi. The call of each species is depicted in three forms: (Top) oscillograms, waveforms representing amplitude changes over time; (Middle) spectrograms, plots of frequency over time, with higher amplitudes represented by brighter colors; and (Bottom) power spectra, representing the relative amplitude of each frequency. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-6" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377364/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation box="[965,1051,234,260]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="14.[117,172,248,269]" captionTargetBox="[108,1524,290,1076]" captionText="Table 2 Acoustic differences between Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and related species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D45B4C943FFD8FFBCFF387F4AFEE6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="DF1D45B4C943FFD8FFBCFF387F4AFEE6">Table 2</tableCitation>
) consists of a very short, single tonal note (mean call duration = 0.082 s ± 0.002 SD, 
<emphasis box="[1002,1018,275,300]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
= 24). Time between calls ranged from 1.99–5.20 s (mean inter-call interval = 3.24 s ± 0.79 SD, 
<emphasis box="[1156,1172,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
= 23). Mean peak/fundamental frequency was 6.86 kHz (±0.25 SD; range = 6.55–7.41 kHz; 
<emphasis box="[1199,1215,355,380]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
= 24 calls). Two harmonics are present. We measured call variables from individuals recorded in Canandé (0.5112 N, 79.1343 W; 457 m), Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador, in December 2018 by AVA (LBE- 053–55), and in 
<taxonomicName authority="Lodge Reserve" authorityName="Lodge Reserve" box="[688,950,473,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi Lodge Reserve</taxonomicName>
(0.17057 N, 78.888 W; 721–723 m) in March 2019 by RMB (LBE-056, 057).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The call of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[659,791,553,579]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chirripoi">
<emphasis box="[659,791,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. chirripoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a single pulsed (amplitude-modulated) note, consisting of ~12 pulses (mean call duration = 0.255 s ± 0.03 SD, 
<emphasis box="[1059,1075,594,619]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
= 2). Since our recording only included two bouts of calling, we were unable to include 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1063,1198,633,659]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chirripoi">
<emphasis box="[1063,1198,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. chirripoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the DAPC analysis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">The interval between the two calls was 84.3 s. Peak/fundamental frequency was 4.48 kHz, with a maximum frequency of 4.99–5.77 kHz and a minimum frequency of 4.16–4.21 kHz. We measured call variables from one individual recorded in Reserva Itapoa (0.51307 N, 79.134 W; 321 m), Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador, in July 2016 by JC (LBE-019).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1934]" box="[530,1393,832,858]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The call of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lynch &amp; Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[665,829,832,858]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucidum">
<emphasis box="[665,829,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. pellucidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of a short, single tonal note (mean call
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
duration = 0.129 s ± 0.009 SD, 
<emphasis box="[856,872,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
= 41). Time between calls ranged from 1.67–5.35 s (mean inter-call interval = 2.94 s ± 0.79 SD). Mean peak/fundamental frequency was 5.70 kHz (±0.06 SD; range = 5.60–5.86 kHz), with a mean maximum frequency of 6.0 (± 0.06 SD, range 5.86–6.14 kHz) and a mean minimum frequency of 5.16 (±0.07 SD, range 5.05–5.32 kHz). We measured call variables from one individual (USNM 286708) recorded at Río Azuela, Napo Province, Ecuador, by Roy McDiarmid on February 23th, 1979.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The call of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Castroviejo-Fisher, Ayarzaguena &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2007" box="[659,776,1112,1137]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatayoi">
<emphasis box="[659,776,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. tatayoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of a short, single tonal note (mean call duration = 0.143 s ± 0.04 SD, 
<emphasis box="[631,647,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
= 26). Time between calls ranged from 2.05–21.68 s (mean inter-call interval = 7.64 s ± 4.92 SD). Mean peak/fundamental frequency was 4.82 kHz (±1.77 SD; range = 4.45–5.11 kHz), with a mean maximum frequency of 5.14 (±0.17 SD, range 4.83–5.40 kHz) and a mean minimum frequency of 4.24 (±0.34 SD, range 3.30–4.61 kHz). We measured call variables from four individuals recorded in Jama Coaque Reserve (0.108264 S, 80.117701 W; 700 m), Manabí Province, Ecuador, in March 2019 by RMB.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The call of 
<taxonomicName box="[659,780,1390,1416]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">
<emphasis box="[659,780,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. valerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[796,860,1390,1416]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[116,181,886,908]" captionTargetBox="[91,1517,235,855]" captionTargetId="figure-83@13.[90,1519,234,857]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6 Visual representation of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. advertisement call, with comparisons of two similar species, H. aureoguttatum and H. valerioi. The call of each species is depicted in three forms: (Top) oscillograms, waveforms representing amplitude changes over time; (Middle) spectrograms, plots of frequency over time, with higher amplitudes represented by brighter colors; and (Bottom) power spectra, representing the relative amplitude of each frequency. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-6" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377364/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) consists of a single tonal note (mean call duration = 0.079 s ± 0.01 SD, 
<emphasis box="[651,667,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
= 70). Time between calls ranged from 1.76–8.00 s (mean inter-call interval = 4.27 s ± 1.2 SD). Mean peak frequency was 6.77 kHz (±0.19 SD;
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">range = 6.46–7.24 kHz). Harmonics are likely present but are difficult to discern in the available recordings. We measured call variables from three individuals recorded in Costa Rica (Limón and Rincón de Oso) by Roy McDiarmid. We used the following recordings from the Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology: ML212787, ML212788, and ML213430.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Results from the discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed that the calls of 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[634,755,1748,1774]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[634,755,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[764,855,1749,1775]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
cluster separately, and are thus acoustically distinct from 
<emphasis box="[498,893,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName box="[498,671,1788,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adespinosai">H. adespinosai</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[684,893,1789,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">H. aureoguttatum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lynch &amp; Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[909,1073,1788,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucidum">
<emphasis box="[909,1073,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. pellucidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Castroviejo-Fisher, Ayarzaguena &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2007" box="[1088,1206,1789,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatayoi">
<emphasis box="[1088,1206,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. tatayoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[1273,1396,1788,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">
<emphasis box="[1273,1396,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. valerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[1414,1480,1788,1815]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[524,589,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[498,1541,1071,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-165@13.[498,1283,1071,1483]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7 Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of glassfrog species’ calls. Variables analyzed include: peak frequency, maximum frequency, minimum frequency, call duration, and inter-call duration. Sample size as follows:H.adespinosai one individual, 10 calls; H. aureoguttatum six individuals, 24 calls; H.mashpi sp. nov. two individuals, 12 calls; H. pellucidum one individual, 41 calls; H.tatayoi four individuals, 26 calls; H. valerioi three individuals, 70 calls. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-7" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377366/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Overlap occurred between 
<taxonomicName box="[816,1025,1829,1854]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoguttatum">
<emphasis box="[816,1025,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. aureoguttatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1087,1210,1828,1854]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">
<emphasis box="[1087,1210,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. valerioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clusters, as well as between 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Castroviejo-Fisher, Ayarzaguena &amp; Vila" authorityYear="2007" box="[498,614,1869,1894]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatayoi">
<emphasis box="[498,614,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. tatayoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[670,838,1868,1894]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adespinosai">
<emphasis box="[670,838,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. adespinosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clusters. This suggests that the calls of these pairs may not be adequate for species identification alone; more field recordings with genetic verification of
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF1D45B4C95DFFC6FDC4FF38793CFEA0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D45B4C95DFFC6FDC4FF38793CFEA0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[525,580,248,269]" targetBox="[516,1525,349,638]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph blockId="16.[525,1515,248,328]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Table 3 Results from the discriminant analysis of principle components (DAPC), comparing the advertisement calls of 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[750,1022,277,299]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[750,1022,277,299]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1030,1107,278,299]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with those of closely related species (see Fig. 7).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<table box="[516,1525,349,638]" gridcols="4" gridrows="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<tr box="[516,1525,349,371]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<th box="[939,992,349,371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PC1</th>
<th box="[1205,1259,349,371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PC2</th>
<th box="[1471,1525,349,371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PC3</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[516,1525,390,412]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th box="[516,725,390,412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[516,687,390,412]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PCA Eigenvalues</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[939,992,390,412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">23.76</td>
<td box="[1205,1259,390,412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.48</td>
<td box="[1471,1525,390,412]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.16</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[516,1525,428,450]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th box="[516,1525,428,450]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[516,660,428,450]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PCA Loadings</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[516,1525,465,487]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th box="[516,725,465,487]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[516,671,465,487]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Peak Frequency</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[939,992,465,487]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.08</td>
<td box="[1205,1259,465,487]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">−0.57</td>
<td box="[1471,1525,465,487]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">−0.09</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[516,1525,503,525]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th box="[516,725,503,525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[516,724,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Call (Note) Duration</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[939,992,503,525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">−0.02</td>
<td box="[1205,1259,503,525]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.023</td>
<td box="[1471,1525,503,525]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.05</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[516,1525,540,563]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th box="[516,725,540,563]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[516,692,540,562]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Inter-call Interval</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[939,992,540,563]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">−0.99</td>
<td box="[1205,1259,540,563]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">−0.14</td>
<td box="[1471,1525,540,563]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.02</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[516,1525,578,600]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th box="[516,725,578,600]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[516,725,578,600]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Maximum Frequency</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[939,992,578,600]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.11</td>
<td box="[1205,1259,578,600]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">−0.78</td>
<td box="[1471,1525,578,600]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">−0.19</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[516,1525,616,638]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th box="[516,725,616,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[516,721,616,637]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Minimum Frequency</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[939,992,616,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.04</td>
<td box="[1205,1259,616,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">−0.21</td>
<td box="[1471,1525,616,638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.98</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<footnote pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1116,651,693]" box="[498,547,651,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,547,651,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Note:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1116,651,693]" box="[530,1116,674,693]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Most variation (99.9%) was retained by three principal components.</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1517,749,855]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
the calling species are thus recommended for future studies. Nearly all (99.9%) of the variance was retained by three principal components. 
<tableCitation box="[1137,1224,789,815]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="16.[525,580,248,269]" captionTargetBox="[516,1525,349,638]" captionText="Table 3 Results from the discriminant analysis of principle components (DAPC), comparing the advertisement calls of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. with those of closely related species (see Fig. 7)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D45B4C95DFFC6FDC4FF38793CFEA0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="DF1D45B4C95DFFC6FDC4FF38793CFEA0">Table 3</tableCitation>
lists the eigenvalues and variable loadings of each principal component.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,891,1197]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,693,891,917]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Natural history.</emphasis>
Most individuals of 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[940,1259,891,917]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[940,1259,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1268,1359,892,918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were found on the underside of leaves among riverine vegetation (
<figureCitation box="[1102,1177,931,957]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[524,589,1636,1658]" captionTargetBox="[501,1520,237,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-46@17.[498,1523,234,1608]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8 Parental care in Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. (A) Male calling at San Vicente River, Mashpi Reserve, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. (B) Male at tributary of the Mashpi River, Tayra Reserve, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Photos by Carlos Morochz (A) and Jaime Culebras (B). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377370/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1192,1206,931,957]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="18.[524,589,1021,1043]" captionTargetBox="[498,1541,235,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-178@18.[498,1527,234,993]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 9 Habitat of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. (A) Tributary of the Mashpi River, Tayra Reserve, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. (B) Mashpi Reserve, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. (C) Tayra Reserve, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. (D) Habitat loss in the vicinity of Tayra Reserve, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Photos by Jaime Culebras. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-9" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377373/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">9</figureCitation>
). These frogs are difficult to observe because they are found 3–14 m above ground along steep creeks. Males have been observed calling in the months of April, May, June, August, September, October and November. Males that were guarding egg clutches while calling were observed during the rainy season (18 February 2019; 7 May 2021) and dry season (October 2014, June 2015, and August 2021). Examined egg clutches contain 31–34 eggs (
<emphasis box="[1245,1261,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
= 3). A female with mature eggs visible through the skin was observed on 27 May 27 2015.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,1233,1498]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,651,1233,1259]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[670,749,1233,1259]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="19.[524,589,1317,1339]" captionTargetBox="[522,1519,1346,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-142@19.[588,1470,236,1249]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 10 Distribution of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and H. nouns sp. nov. in Ecuador. Note that localities of the two new taxa are separated by the Intag-Guayllabamba valley. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-10" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377375/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[775,1094,1233,1259]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[775,1094,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1103,1194,1233,1259]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is only known from the following localities in the 
<taxonomicName authority="river" authorityName="River" box="[803,953,1273,1299]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi river</taxonomicName>
basin, Pichincha Province, Ecuador: (i) 
<taxonomicName authority="Lodge Reserve" authorityName="Lodge Reserve" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi Lodge Reserve</taxonomicName>
(San Vicente River, 1,040–1,101 m; Laguna River, 1,069 m); (ii) Amagusa Reserve (Amagusa River, 1,137 m; 
<taxonomicName authority="Chico River" authorityName="Chico River" box="[904,1140,1352,1378]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi Chico River</taxonomicName>
, 1,130 m); and (iii) Tayra Reserve, 976–1,126 m. Unidentified and closely related frogs from Colombia (Departamento de Risaralda, MAR 2147; Departamento de Valle del Cauca; MAR 2222; 
<figureCitation box="[1307,1371,1432,1458]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[524,589,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[529,1448,236,1738]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@7.[498,1146,241,1710]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2 Phylogenetic position of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and H. nouns sp. nov. Phy- logenetic relationships of Hyalinobatrachium inferred from the 16S mitochondrial gene under ML cri- terion. All sequences were downloaded from GenBank, except those in red (Material S2). Genbank codes are listed next to each terminal. Associated locality data is available at Genbank, as well as in Guayasamin et al. (2008, 2020), Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2014), and Twomey, Delia &amp; Castroviejo-Fisher (2014). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-2" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) may prove to be conspecifics of 
<taxonomicName box="[713,834,1472,1498]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">
<emphasis box="[713,834,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,1534,1720]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,820,1534,1560]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Evolutionary relationships</emphasis>
. Our phylogenetic analyses (
<figureCitation box="[1158,1222,1534,1561]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[524,589,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[529,1448,236,1738]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@7.[498,1146,241,1710]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2 Phylogenetic position of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and H. nouns sp. nov. Phy- logenetic relationships of Hyalinobatrachium inferred from the 16S mitochondrial gene under ML cri- terion. All sequences were downloaded from GenBank, except those in red (Material S2). Genbank codes are listed next to each terminal. Associated locality data is available at Genbank, as well as in Guayasamin et al. (2008, 2020), Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2014), and Twomey, Delia &amp; Castroviejo-Fisher (2014). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-2" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) reveal 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[591,682,1575,1601]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as sister to undetermined haplotypes from the Colombian Andes
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,1534,1720]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(MAR 2147, 2222) and a new species from the Toisán Mountain Range, described below. Other closely related taxa are endemic to Central America: 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Starrett &amp; Savage" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1201,1394,1655,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vireovittatum">
<emphasis box="[1201,1394,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. vireovittatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[498,669,1694,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talamancae">
<emphasis box="[498,669,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. talamancae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[688,753,1694,1720]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[524,589,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[529,1448,236,1738]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@7.[498,1146,241,1710]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2 Phylogenetic position of Hyalinobatrachium mashpi sp. nov. and H. nouns sp. nov. Phy- logenetic relationships of Hyalinobatrachium inferred from the 16S mitochondrial gene under ML cri- terion. All sequences were downloaded from GenBank, except those in red (Material S2). Genbank codes are listed next to each terminal. Associated locality data is available at Genbank, as well as in Guayasamin et al. (2008, 2020), Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2014), and Twomey, Delia &amp; Castroviejo-Fisher (2014). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-2" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,1756,1863]" lastBlockId="17.[498,1542,1801,1908]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,636,1757,1783]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[882,966,1756,1782]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">
<emphasis box="[882,966,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is used as a noun in apposition and refers to the Mashpi area in northwestern Ecuador. There are several conservation efforts to preserve the last patches of forest remaining in Mashpi (
<emphasis box="[1150,1180,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">e.g</emphasis>
., 
<taxonomicName authority="Lodge Reserve, Tayra Reserve, Amagusa Reserve, Mancomunidad" authorityName="Lodge Reserve, Tayra Reserve, Amagusa Reserve, Mancomunidad" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi Lodge Reserve, Tayra Reserve, Amagusa Reserve, Mancomunidad</taxonomicName>
del Chocó Andino, Chocó Andino Biosphere Reserve). 
<taxonomicName box="[613,699,1841,1867]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">
<emphasis box="[613,699,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Yumbo word that means ‘friend of water’, an apt description of this glassfrog, which depends on healthy streams for its reproduction.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377370/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[524,589,1636,1658]" targetBox="[501,1520,237,1605]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="17.[524,1516,1636,1746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[524,1142,1636,1658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Figure 8 Parental care in 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[785,1057,1636,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[785,1057,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1064,1142,1637,1658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A) Male calling at San Vicente River, 
<taxonomicName authority="Reserve" authorityName="Reserve" box="[524,676,1666,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi Reserve</taxonomicName>
, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. (B) Male at tributary of the 
<taxonomicName authority="River, Tayra Reserve" authorityName="River, Tayra Reserve" box="[1236,1512,1666,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi River, Tayra Reserve</taxonomicName>
, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Photos by Carlos Morochz (A) and Jaime Culebras (B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[524,1516,1636,1746]" box="[1099,1515,1724,1746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-8</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6377373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6377373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6377373/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[524,589,1021,1043]" targetBox="[498,1541,235,1008]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph blockId="18.[524,1515,1021,1131]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[524,1097,1021,1043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Figure 9 Habitat of 
<taxonomicName authority="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras, 2022" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Brunner &amp; Valencia-Aguilar &amp; Franco-Mena &amp; Ringler &amp; Medina Armijos &amp; Morochz &amp; Bustamante &amp; Maynard &amp; Culebras" authorityYear="2022" box="[735,1009,1021,1043]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[735,1009,1021,1043]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1018,1097,1021,1042]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A) Tributary of the 
<taxonomicName authority="River, Tayra Reserve" authorityName="River, Tayra Reserve" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi River, Tayra Reserve</taxonomicName>
, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. (B) 
<taxonomicName authority="Reserve" authorityName="Reserve" box="[950,1107,1050,1072]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">Mashpi Reserve</taxonomicName>
, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. (C) Tayra Reserve, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. (D) Habitat loss in the vicinity of Tayra Reserve, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Photos by Jaime Culebras. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13109/fig-9
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="18.[498,1541,1186,1412]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,748,1186,1212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Conservation status.</emphasis>
We recommend that 
<taxonomicName box="[1009,1329,1186,1212]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mashpi">
<emphasis box="[1009,1329,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hyalinobatrachium mashpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
be listed as Endangered, following IUCN Red List criteria B1ab(iii): extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 5,000 km 
<superScript attach="left" box="[745,755,1260,1277]" fontSize="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</superScript>
; known to exist at no more than 5 localities; and continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in area, extent, and/or quality of habitat. The main threats for this species are habitat loss and contamination due to cattle ranching, agriculture, and mining activities (see Discussion).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>