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<mods:title id="928B692635630600BD2E639BBF823E5D">A revision of the soft coral genus, Eunephthya Verrill, 1869 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Nephtheidae), with a description of four new species from South Africa</mods:title>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9E413736BCAACEFD94F8E8" ID-CoL="84NKM" authority="Verrill, 1869" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1869" box="[238,548,1775,1801]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9E413736BCAACEFE33F8E8" bold="true" box="[238,387,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eunephthya</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E413737DBAACEFD94F8E8" author="Verrill" box="[393,548,1775,1801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1869) Critical remarks on halcyonoid polyps, No. 3. American Journal of Science and Arts, 47 (March 1869), 282 - 285." type="journal article" year="1869">Verrill, 1869</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9E413736C5AB10FE7CF8A6" ID-CoL="84NKM" authority="Verrill, 1869: 284" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="284" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,460,1841,1863]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9E413736C5AB10FEA0F8A6" box="[151,272,1841,1863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eunephthya</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E41373744AB10FE7CF8A6" author="Verrill" box="[278,460,1841,1863]" page="284" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E41373744AB10FE2AF8A6" author="Verrill" box="[278,410,1841,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1869) Critical remarks on halcyonoid polyps, No. 3. American Journal of Science and Arts, 47 (March 1869), 282 - 285." type="journal article" year="1869">Verrill, 1869</bibRefCitation>
: 284
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; 1922: 2830;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E41373431AB10FCB0F8A6" author="Broch" box="[611,768,1841,1863]" page="61" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E41373431AB10FD6EF8A6" author="Broch" box="[611,734,1841,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Broch, H. (1939) Some South African shallow water octactinians. Kungliga fysiografiska sallskapets i Lund forhandlingar, 9 (6), 48 - 79. [Also available as a separate with page numbers 1 - 32.]" type="journal article" year="1939">Broch 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 61
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9E413736C5AB71FE62F887" ID-CoL="84M4J" authority="Kukenthal 1906a: 67" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,466,1872,1894]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9E413736C5AB71FF44F887" box="[151,244,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Capnella</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E413736A8AB71FE62F887" author="Kukenthal" box="[250,466,1872,1894]" page="67" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E413736A8AB71FE1CF887" author="Kukenthal" box="[250,428,1872,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1906 a) Alcyonacea. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Damper &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899, 13, 1 - 111, plates 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1906" yearSuffix="a">Kükenthal 1906a</bibRefCitation>
: 67
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E4137378FAB71FD1AF887" author="Thomson" box="[477,682,1872,1894]" page="575" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E4137378FAB71FDC9F884" author="Thomson" box="[477,633,1872,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Thomson, J. S. (1910) The Alcyonaria of the Cape of Good Hope and Natal. Alcyonacea. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 47 (3), 549 - 589, plates 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1910">Thomson 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 575
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580;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E413734B8AB71FC3BF887" author="Broch" box="[746,907,1872,1894]" page="61" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E413734B8AB71FCD4F884" author="Broch" box="[746,868,1872,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Broch, H. (1939) Some South African shallow water octactinians. Kungliga fysiografiska sallskapets i Lund forhandlingar, 9 (6), 48 - 79. [Also available as a separate with page numbers 1 - 32.]" type="journal article" year="1939">Broch 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 61
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E413735C4AB71FBFCF884" author="Utinomi" box="[918,1100,1872,1894]" page="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E413735C4AB71FB97F887" author="Utinomi" box="[918,1063,1872,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Utinomi, H. (1960) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). I. The genera Capnella, Scleronephthya and Chondronephthya (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 8 (1), 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Utinomi 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 30
</treatmentCitation>
31;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E4137322CAB71FA93F884" author="Verseveldt" box="[1150,1315,1872,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1977) Australian Octocorallia (Coelenterata). Australian Journal of Marine &amp; Freshwater Research, 28, 171 - 240." type="journal article" year="1977">Verseveldt 1977</bibRefCitation>
(part): 185;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E41373695AB4FFE32F865" author="Williams" box="[199,386,1902,1924]" page="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E41373695AB4FFEEFF865" author="Williams" box="[199,351,1902,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Williams, G. C. (1988) Four new species of southern African octocorals (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea), with a further diagnostic revision of the genus Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 92, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1988">Williams 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 19
</treatmentCitation>
26; 1992a: 328335
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB052D64FF9E413736C5ABAFFC5CF801" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Non
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9E4137369AABACFD95F842" ID-CoL="84NKM" authority="Kukenthal 1906a: 69" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="1906" box="[200,549,1933,1955]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9E4137369AABACFEF1F842" box="[200,321,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eunephthya</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E4137371DABACFD95F842" author="Kukenthal" box="[335,549,1933,1955]" page="69" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E4137371DABACFDB0F842" author="Kukenthal" box="[335,512,1933,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1906 a) Alcyonacea. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Damper &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899, 13, 1 - 111, plates 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1906" yearSuffix="a">Kükenthal 1906a</bibRefCitation>
: 69
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 1906b: 6568; 1907: 317381;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E4137353CABACFBA7F842" author="Broch" box="[878,1047,1933,1955]" page="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E4137353CABACFC44F842" author="Broch" box="[878,1012,1933,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Broch, H. (1912 a) Die Alcyonarien des Trondhjemsfjordes. I. Alcyonacea. Det Kungliga Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 1911, 7, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1912" yearSuffix="a">Broch 1912a</bibRefCitation>
: 35
</treatmentCitation>
43; 1912b: 1921; 1928: 319; 1939: 61;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E413736BFAB8CFE7BF820" author="Jungersen" box="[237,459,1963,1986]" page="1164" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E413736BFAB8CFE3EF820" author="Jungersen" box="[237,398,1963,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Jungersen, F. E. (1915) Alcyonaria, Antipatharia og Madreporaria. Meddelelser om Gronland, 23, 1155 - 1212." type="journal article" year="1915">Jungersen 1915</bibRefCitation>
:
<date id="FFAB2C8AFF9E413737C5AB8AFE7BF820" box="[407,459,1963,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1164" valueMax="1181">1164</date>
</treatmentCitation>
1181; 1916: 918;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E413734C1AB8AFCE3F820" author="Molander" box="[659,851,1963,1985]" page="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E413734C1AB8AFC82F820" author="Molander" box="[659,818,1963,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Molander, A. R. (1915) Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum. VII. Alcyonacea. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 51 (11), 1 - 94, plates 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1915">Molander 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
16, 4547, 7084, pl. 2; 1918: 1118;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E4137328DAB8AFA26F820" author="Thorpe" box="[1247,1430,1963,1985]" page="510" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E4137328DAB8AFAD4F820" author="Thorpe" box="[1247,1380,1963,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Thorpe, L. (1928) Alcyonaria of the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 36, 479 - 531, plates 30 - 34." type="journal article" year="1928">Thorpe 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 510
</treatmentCitation>
- 514, pl. 31, 32;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E41373734ABEBFD8BF801" author="Deichmann" box="[358,571,1994,2016]" page="58" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E41373734ABEBFDA8F801" author="Deichmann" box="[358,536,1994,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 53, 1 - 317, plates 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 58
</treatmentCitation>
66, pl. 4;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9E413734FAABEBFC09F801" author="Tixier-Durivault" box="[680,953,1994,2016]" page="248" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9E413734FAABEBFC3AF801" author="Tixier-Durivault" box="[680,906,1994,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. (1961) Les octocoralliaires du Golfe de Guinee et des Iles du Cap-Vert (Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea). Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la &quot; Calypso &quot;, 5, 239 - 262." type="journal article" year="1961">Tixier-Durivault 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 248
</treatmentCitation>
250
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F59C1FF9F413636C5ACB9FB0AFF4E" box="[151,1210,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9F413636C5ACB9FB0AFF4E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,497]" box="[151,1210,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9F413636C5ACB9FE82FF51" bold="true" box="[151,306,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="54AEB4E8FF9F413636C5ACB9FF62FF51" box="[151,210,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9F4136376BACB9FD09FF4E" authority="Verrill, 1865" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1865" box="[313,697,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9F4136376BACB9FD91FF51" box="[313,545,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nephthya thyrsoidea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9F4136347AACB6FD09FF4E" author="Verrill" box="[552,697,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1865) Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific exploring expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Captain John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. With descriptions of some additional species from the west coast of North America. Part II. Alcyonaria. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, 4 (10), 181 - 196, plates 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1865">Verrill, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation:
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9F413635A9ACB6FB35FF4E" author="Verrill" box="[1019,1157,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1869) Critical remarks on halcyonoid polyps, No. 3. American Journal of Science and Arts, 47 (March 1869), 282 - 285." type="journal article" year="1869">Verrill 1869</bibRefCitation>
: 284
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F59C1FF9F41313695AC9AFC2BF80D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B961D658FF9F41363695AC9AFEF1FF35" bold="true" box="[199,321,187,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9F41363719AC9AFE68FF32" box="[331,472,187,211]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Nephtheidae</taxonomicName>
with upright, arborescent or bushy colonies with distinct stalk. Polyps grouped on catkins that may be arranged on short branches or lobes or may arise directly from unbranched stalk. Polyps contractile, club-shaped and typically curving inwards towards catkin axis. Polyps and polyparium surface heavily armed with flat rods, spindles, asymmetrical clubs, leaf clubs, and large irregular sclerite forms. Some unilaterally spinose or leaf spindles always present in abaxial (convex) surface of polyp, arranged with spines or leaves protruding from surface. Adaxial (concave) surface of polyp lacking sclerites or with spindles arranged transversely. Tentacles with spindles and flat rods. Sclerites of stalk surface are small radiates and tuberculate spheroids. Interior sclerites absent or of same form as stalk surface. Interior canal walls typically have thick mesoglea. Sclerites colorless.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9F413636C5AB77FD3FF825" blockId="3.[151,1436,1878,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9F413636C5AB77FEA2F88A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1878,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE. 1.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood tree for combined analysis of
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9F41363551AB76FCFEF88D" box="[771,846,1879,1900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">mtMutS</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9F4136350BAB76FC32F88D" box="[857,898,1879,1900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">COI</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9F413635E2AB76FC64F88D" box="[944,980,1879,1900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">28S</emphasis>
rDNA gene regions. Values above branches are bootstrap values for ML analysis of combined dataset; values in italics below branches are bootstrap values for maximum parsimony analysis of combined dataset. Asterisk indicates node that is in conflict between analyses (see text); ns: bootstrap value &lt;50. Shaded box shows species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9F4136373AAB8EFE70F825" box="[360,448,1967,1988]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9F4136373AAB8EFE70F825" box="[360,448,1967,1988]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from tropical waters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF98413136C5AB92FC2BF80D" blockId="4.[151,1435,1971,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF98413136C5AB92FEA3F829" bold="true" box="[151,275,1971,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF984131374BAB95FE65F828" box="[281,469,1972,1993]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF984131374BAB95FE65F828" box="[281,469,1972,1993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Capnella imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
RMNH Coel. 38645; a, leaf clubs of polyp; b, leaf capstans from top of stalk; c, leaf capstans from base of stalk; d, tuberculate spheroids and irregular bodies from interior of stalk.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F59C1FF9941303695ACB6FDD8FC07" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9941303695ACB6FE01FF32" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303695ACB6FED0FF51" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
Cold-water regions of southern
<collectingCountry id="F3024ADAFF9941303485ACB6FCDCFF4E" box="[727,876,151,175]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Cape Peninsula to northern Transkei, depth
<quantity id="4CEDA7AFFF9941303320ACB6FF6EFF32" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="240.0" valueMin="10.0">10 240 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF99413036BEAC9AFE15FF32" author="Williams" box="[236,421,187,211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Williams, G. C. (1992 b) Biogeography of the octocorallian coelenterate fauna of southern Africa. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 46, 351 - 401." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="b">Williams 1992b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9941303695ACFEFAFAFD29" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303695ACFEFE09FF19" bold="true" box="[199,441,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Taxonomic History.</emphasis>
In
<date id="FFAB2C8AFF99413037BDACFEFD32FF16" box="[495,642,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1869-03">March 1869</date>
, Verrill described the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413035BBACFEFBDFFF16" box="[1001,1135,223,247]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413035BBACFEFBDFFF16" box="[1001,1135,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(family
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413032B2ACFEFADFFF16" box="[1248,1391,223,247]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Nephtheidae</taxonomicName>
) to accommodate
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303710AD22FD6EFEFA" authority="Verrill, 1865" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1865" box="[322,734,259,283]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303710AD22FD83FEFA" box="[322,563,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nephthya thyrsoidea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303416AD22FD6EFEFA" author="Verrill" box="[580,734,259,283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1865) Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific exploring expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Captain John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. With descriptions of some additional species from the west coast of North America. Part II. Alcyonaria. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, 4 (10), 181 - 196, plates 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1865">Verrill, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a species from the Cape of Good Hope,
<collectingCountry id="F3024ADAFF99413032AEAD22FA28FEFA" box="[1276,1432,259,283]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. Simultaneously, he included in this genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303423AD09FC2DFEDE" authority="Verrill, 1869" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1869" box="[625,925,295,319]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303423AD09FCB4FEDE" box="[625,772,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. glomerata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF994130355EAD06FC2DFEDE" author="Verrill" box="[780,925,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1869) Critical remarks on halcyonoid polyps, No. 3. American Journal of Science and Arts, 47 (March 1869), 282 - 285." type="journal article" year="1869">Verrill, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a species from
<collectingCountry id="F3024ADAFF9941303200AD06FB7AFEDE" box="[1106,1226,295,319]" name="Greenland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Greenland</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303287AD06FA2CFEDE" author="Kukenthal" box="[1237,1436,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Diagnosen neuer Alcyonarien aus der Ausbeute der Deutschen Tiefseeexpedition. Zoologische Anzeiger, 25, 299 - 303." type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal (1902)</bibRefCitation>
subsequently described a similar South African species as
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303577AD6AFC55FE82" box="[805,997,331,355]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303577AD6AFC55FE82" box="[805,997,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nephthya rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which he later transferred to
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303367AD6AFED5FE67" authority="Kukenthal 1903" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1903" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303367AD6AFA2CFE82" box="[1333,1436,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF99413036CCAD4FFEEDFE67" author="Kukenthal" box="[158,349,366,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1903) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien. II. Die Familie der Nephthyiden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, (Syst.), 19 (1), 99 - 172." type="journal article" year="1903">Kükenthal 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Recognizing the similarities between his and Verrills material, Kükenthal (1906: 82) also moved
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413036BEADB2FE34FE4B" box="[236,388,402,426]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413036BEADB2FE34FE4B" box="[236,388,402,426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. thyrsoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413037FFADB3FDA4FE4B" box="[429,532,402,426]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413037FFADB3FDA4FE4B" box="[429,532,402,426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a genus that takes priority over
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413035C6ADB3FBAAFE4B" box="[916,1050,402,426]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413035C6ADB3FBAAFE4B" box="[916,1050,402,426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by one month. Kükenthal (1906) designated Verrills
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303728AD96FDBDFE2F" box="[378,525,438,462]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303728AD96FDBDFE2F" box="[378,525,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="54AEB4E8FF9941303433AD96FD21FE2E" box="[609,657,439,463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303541AD97FC29FE2F" box="[787,921,438,462]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303541AD97FC29FE2F" box="[787,921,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, and incorporated into that genus a variety of other northern hemisphere genera, including
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF994130355AADFBFBB6FE10" authority="Marenzeller" authorityName="Marenzeller" box="[776,1030,473,497]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF994130355AADFBFCC5FE10" box="[776,885,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gersemia</emphasis>
Marenzeller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303240ADF8FB65FE10" authority="Danielssen" authorityName="Danielssen" box="[1042,1237,473,497]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Drifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303240ADF8FBFEFE10" box="[1042,1102,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Drifa</emphasis>
Danielssen
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303343ADFBFE84FDF4" authority="Koren &amp; Danielssen" authorityName="Koren &amp; Danielssen" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Duva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303343ADFBFAFEFE10" box="[1297,1358,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Duva</emphasis>
Koren &amp; Danielssen
</taxonomicName>
(for a historical discussion of subsequent views on the relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF994130329EADDCFEBCFDD8" authority="Kukenthal" authorityName="Kukenthal" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF994130329EADDCFA2CFDF4" box="[1228,1436,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya sensu</emphasis>
Kükenthal
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF994130371CAE03FE0BFDD8" box="[334,443,546,569]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF994130371CAE03FE0BFDD8" box="[334,443,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gersemia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303452AE00FD04FDD8" author="Thorpe" box="[512,692,545,569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Thorpe, L. (1928) Alcyonaria of the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 36, 479 - 531, plates 30 - 34." type="journal article" year="1928">Thorpe (1928))</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303497AE00FC25FDD8" author="Verrill" box="[709,917,545,569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1922) Alcyonaria. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 - 1918, 8 G, 3 - 87." type="journal article" year="1922">Verrill (1922: 28)</bibRefCitation>
later disputed Kükenthals interpretation of
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413036C5AE64FEADFDBC" box="[151,285,581,605]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413036C5AE64FEADFDBC" box="[151,285,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, stating clearly that he had designated the South African
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413035E3AE67FBFAFDBC" box="[945,1098,581,605]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413035E3AE67FBFAFDBC" box="[945,1098,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. thyrsoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="54AEB4E8FF99413032CCAE64FB7EFDBC" box="[1182,1230,581,605]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
of the genus, and recommending that the name not be applied to northern hemisphere species, including
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303237AE48FB47FD61" box="[1125,1271,616,640]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303237AE48FB47FD61" box="[1125,1271,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which he now referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303775AEADFED3FD45" box="[295,355,652,676]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Drifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303775AEADFED3FD45" box="[295,355,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Drifa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Subsequent authors ignored Verrills recommendations, however, and continued to use
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413036C5AE91FD93FD29" authority="Kukenthal, 1906" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,547,688,712]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413036C5AE91FED2FD29" box="[151,354,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya sensu</emphasis>
Kükenthal, 1906
</taxonomicName>
for northern hemisphere species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF99413035CDAE91FB97FD29" author="Broch" box="[927,1063,688,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Broch, H. (1928) Alcyonarians, with a systematic-biogeographical discussion of the northern Eunephthya - species. Meddelelser fra Det Zoologiske Museum, Oslo, 16, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1928">Broch 1928</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303260AE91FBDDFD29" author="Broch" box="[1074,1133,688,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Broch, H. (1939) Some South African shallow water octactinians. Kungliga fysiografiska sallskapets i Lund forhandlingar, 9 (6), 48 - 79. [Also available as a separate with page numbers 1 - 32.]" type="journal article" year="1939">1939</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF994130322BAE91FA8DFD29" author="Deichmann" box="[1145,1341,688,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 53, 1 - 317, plates 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9941303695AEF2FDD8FC07" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303695AEF2FE20FD0A" author="Verrill" box="[199,400,723,747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1922) Alcyonaria. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 - 1918, 8 G, 3 - 87." type="journal article" year="1922">Verrill (1922: 29)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF994130344FAEF5FC06FD0A" authority="Kukenthal, 1902" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1902" box="[541,950,723,748]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF994130344FAEF5FD6BFD0D" box="[541,731,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella rugosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF99413034BFAEF2FC1DFD0A" author="Kukenthal" box="[749,941,723,747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Diagnosen neuer Alcyonarien aus der Ausbeute der Deutschen Tiefseeexpedition. Zoologische Anzeiger, 25, 299 - 303." type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
to be a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413032F9AEF4FAF3FD0D" box="[1195,1347,724,748]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413032F9AEF4FAF3FD0D" box="[1195,1347,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. thyrsoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but he maintained the generic distinction between the South African species (
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303581AED6FBE9FCEE" box="[979,1113,759,783]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303581AED6FBE9FCEE" box="[979,1113,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413032F2AED6FAB6FCEE" box="[1184,1286,759,783]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413032F2AED6FAB6FCEE" box="[1184,1286,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose
<typeStatus id="54AEB4E8FF9941303339AED9FA2BFCF1" box="[1387,1435,760,784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
species is
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303759AF3AFCADFCD2" authority="Quoy &amp; Gaimard,1833" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1833" box="[267,797,795,819]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imbricatum">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303759AF3AFDBCFCD2" box="[267,524,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Alcyonium imbricatum</emphasis>
Quoy &amp; Gaimard,1833
</taxonomicName>
, a zooxanthellate species from the tropical Indo-Pacific.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF99413036C5AF1EFEF6FCB6" author="Utinomi" box="[151,326,831,855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Utinomi, H. (1960) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). I. The genera Capnella, Scleronephthya and Chondronephthya (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 8 (1), 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Utinomi (1960</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303705AF1EFE20FCB6" author="Utinomi" box="[343,400,831,855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Utinomi, H. (1961) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). II The boreal genera Gersemia, Duva, Drifa and Pseudodrifa (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 9 (1), 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
) later revised both genera, retaining the southern hemisphere and Indo-Pacific species (including
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303745AF45FE02FC9A" box="[279,434,867,891]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303745AF45FE02FC9A" box="[279,434,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. thyrsoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413037B9AF42FDE2FC9A" box="[491,594,867,891]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413037B9AF42FDE2FC9A" box="[491,594,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but reinstating
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF994130354BAF42FC36FC9B" box="[793,902,867,890]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF994130354BAF42FC36FC9B" box="[793,902,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gersemia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413035C8AF42FC67FC9A" box="[922,983,867,891]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Drifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413035C8AF42FC67FC9A" box="[922,983,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Drifa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413035B8AF45FB97FC9A" box="[1002,1063,868,891]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Duva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413035B8AF45FB97FC9A" box="[1002,1063,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Duva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a new genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303341AF42FEF4FC7F" authority="Utinomi, 1961" authorityName="Utinomi" authorityYear="1961" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Pseudodrifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303341AF42FA2CFC9A" box="[1299,1436,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudodrifa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF99413036C5AFA7FEF4FC7F" author="Utinomi" box="[151,324,902,926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Utinomi, H. (1961) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). II The boreal genera Gersemia, Duva, Drifa and Pseudodrifa (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 9 (1), 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1961">Utinomi, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
to accommodate the northern hemisphere species.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303591AFA7FB24FC7F" author="Verseveldt" box="[963,1172,902,926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1977) Australian Octocorallia (Coelenterata). Australian Journal of Marine &amp; Freshwater Research, 28, 171 - 240." type="journal article" year="1977">Verseveldt (1977)</bibRefCitation>
likewise included
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413033D6AFA6FEBDFC23" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413033D6AFA6FEBDFC23" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. thyrsoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303720AF8BFE69FC23" box="[370,473,938,962]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303720AF8BFE69FC23" box="[370,473,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413034EBAF8BFC90FC23" box="[697,800,938,962]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413034EBAF8BFC90FC23" box="[697,800,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
numerous additional species from both tropical and temperate southern hemisphere locations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F59C1FF9941333695AFD3FA2CFE15" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9941303695AFD3FBFCFAE2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303695AFD3FE8BFBEB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1010,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
Based on morphological distinctions and supported by molecular phylogenetic data, the species currently included within
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303790A834FD99FBCC" box="[450,553,1045,1069]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303790A834FD99FBCC" box="[450,553,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be divided among three or four distinct clades (Fig. 1). The cold-water species from southern
<collectingCountry id="F3024ADAFF99413037C5A818FD97FBB0" box="[407,551,1081,1105]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">South Africa</collectingCountry>
constitute one well-supported clade (Fig. 1), for which we reinstate the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413036C5A87CFEADFB94" box="[151,285,1117,1141]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413036C5A87CFEADFB94" box="[151,285,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Zooxanthellate, tropical species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303481A87CFC8AFB94" box="[723,826,1117,1141]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303481A87CFC8AFB94" box="[723,826,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Indian Ocean and Great Barrier Reef of
<collectingCountry id="F3024ADAFF99413036C5A8A1FF4EFB79" box="[151,254,1152,1176]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
fall into a separate, well-supported clade (Fig. 1).
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF994130351EA8A1FC62FB79" box="[844,978,1152,1176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF994130351EA8A1FC62FB79" box="[844,978,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished morphologically from the tropical
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303732A885FE77FB5D" box="[352,455,1188,1212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303732A885FE77FB5D" box="[352,455,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the sclerites found in the interior of the stalk, which in
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303298A885FA81FB5D" box="[1226,1329,1188,1212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303298A885FA81FB5D" box="[1226,1329,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are large ovals and irregular forms (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303799A8E6FD38FB3E" author="Verseveldt" box="[459,648,1223,1247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1976) Alcyonaria from the Seychelles (Coelenterata Octocorallia). Revue zoologique africaine, 90 (3), 497 - 513." type="journal article" year="1976">Verseveldt 1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF99413034C4A8E6FD7FFB3E" author="Verseveldt" box="[662,719,1223,1247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1977) Australian Octocorallia (Coelenterata). Australian Journal of Marine &amp; Freshwater Research, 28, 171 - 240." type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig. 2). In
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303526A8E9FC4AFB01" box="[884,1018,1224,1248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303526A8E9FC4AFB01" box="[884,1018,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the interior sclerites (if present) are small radiates and spheroids of the same
<typeStatus id="54AEB4E8FF9941303430A8CDFD22FAE5" box="[610,658,1260,1284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
found in the stalk surface (Figs. 517).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9941303695A92EFEF1F96D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Molecular phylogenetic analyses place
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF994130342CA931FCBBFAC6" box="[638,779,1295,1319]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF994130342CA931FCBBFAC6" box="[638,779,1295,1319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on a long branch, not closely related to any other members of the genus (Fig. 1).
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413037D5A915FDA5FAAA" box="[391,533,1331,1355]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413037D5A915FDA5FAAA" box="[391,533,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413035D3A912FC58FAAA" box="[897,1000,1331,1355]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413035D3A912FC58FAAA" box="[897,1000,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF994130324FA912FB13FAAA" box="[1053,1187,1331,1355]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF994130324FA912FB13FAAA" box="[1053,1187,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 610% at
<emphasis id="B961D658FF994130336CA915FA25FAAA" box="[1342,1429,1332,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">mtMutS</emphasis>
, genetic distance values (uncorrected p) that are consistent with average differences among other morphologically distinct soft coral genera (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303799A95BFD51FA73" author="McFadden" box="[459,737,1402,1426]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="McFadden, C. S., Alderslade, P., Ofwegen, L. P. van, Johnsen, H. &amp; Rusmevichientong, A. (2006 b) Phylogenetic relationships within the tropical soft coral genera Sarcophyton and Lobophytum (Anthozoa, Octocorallia). Invertebrate Biology, 125 (4), 288 - 305." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">McFadden et al. 2006b</bibRefCitation>
), and larger than the average differences typically recorded among congeners (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303738A9BFFDD3FA57" author="McFadden" box="[362,611,1438,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="McFadden, C. S., Benayahu, Y., Pante, E., Thoma, J. N., Nevarez, P. A. &amp; France, S. C. (2011) Limitations of mitochondrial gene barcoding in Octocorallia. Molecular Ecology Resources, 11, 19 - 31." type="journal article" year="2011">McFadden et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, the leaf clubs and “leaf-capstans” (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303224A9BFFA9EFA57" author="Verseveldt" box="[1142,1326,1438,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1977) Australian Octocorallia (Coelenterata). Australian Journal of Marine &amp; Freshwater Research, 28, 171 - 240." type="journal article" year="1977">Verseveldt 1977</bibRefCitation>
) found in the polyps and surface of the stalk of
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303467A9E2FD72FA3B" box="[565,706,1474,1498]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303467A9E2FD72FA3B" box="[565,706,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 2ac) differ markedly from the sclerite forms found in most other described species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303794A9C7FCB1FA1F" authority="Verseveldt 1977" authorityName="Verseveldt" authorityYear="1977" box="[454,769,1510,1534]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303794A9C7FD9DFA1F" box="[454,557,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF994130346EA9C7FD49FA1F" author="Verseveldt" box="[572,761,1510,1534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1977) Australian Octocorallia (Coelenterata). Australian Journal of Marine &amp; Freshwater Research, 28, 171 - 240." type="journal article" year="1977">Verseveldt 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Although molecular data for additional species and genes are needed to support the genetic distinctions among these clades, the morphological differences alone suggest that genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413036B1AA0CFEFAF9A4" box="[227,330,1581,1605]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413036B1AA0CFEFAF9A4" box="[227,330,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be restricted to the
<typeStatus id="54AEB4E8FF99413034DCAA0FFD0EF9A7" box="[654,702,1582,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303579AA0FFC0CF9A4" box="[811,956,1581,1605]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303579AA0FFC0CF9A4" box="[811,956,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the other tropical species should be placed in a separate genus.
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303789AA70FDD1F988" box="[475,609,1617,1641]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303789AA70FDD1F988" box="[475,609,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly distinct, morphologically and genetically, from both of these tropical clades.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9941303695AAB9FDB6F831" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303695AAB9FE9EF951" box="[199,302,1688,1712]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303695AAB9FE9EF951" box="[199,302,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from cold-water regions of
<collectingCountry id="F3024ADAFF994130348BAAB9FCF0F951" box="[729,832,1688,1712]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
are, however, morphologically similar to the South African
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413036A6AA9CFECAF934" box="[244,378,1725,1749]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413036A6AA9CFECAF934" box="[244,378,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with unilaterally spinose spindles in the polyps and radiates in the stalk. Although
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9941303374AA9DFF51F919" author="Verseveldt" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1977) Australian Octocorallia (Coelenterata). Australian Journal of Marine &amp; Freshwater Research, 28, 171 - 240." type="journal article" year="1977">Verseveldt (1977)</bibRefCitation>
did not illustrate tentacle sclerites or mention the presence of transverse spindles in the adaxial surface of the polyp, several Australian species also share these characters with
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413035ECAB24FBF4F8FC" box="[958,1092,1797,1821]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413035ECAB24FBF4F8FC" box="[958,1092,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(P. Alderslade, pers. comm.). Molecular data are available for just one cold-water Australian species, but suggest that it falls outside of the South African
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413036A8AB6CFE30F884" box="[250,384,1869,1893]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413036A8AB6CFE30F884" box="[250,384,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade, and is more closely related to the tropical
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413035B6AB6CFBFBF884" box="[996,1099,1869,1893]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413035B6AB6CFBFBF884" box="[996,1099,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (Fig. 1). Additional molecular and morphological work will be necessary to further elucidate the relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF99413032B4AB51FADCF869" box="[1254,1388,1904,1928]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF99413032B4AB51FADCF869" box="[1254,1388,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the cold-water Australian species currently included within
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9941303561ABB4FC2AF84C" box="[819,922,1941,1965]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9941303561ABB4FC2AF84C" box="[819,922,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but these preliminary molecular data suggest that they are generically distinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A41333695ACB6FEC0FE66" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The northern hemisphere genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333460ACB9FDDEFF51" box="[562,622,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Drifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333460ACB9FDDEFF51" box="[562,622,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Drifa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also bears a strong morphological resemblance to both
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413332B4ACB9FADCFF51" box="[1254,1388,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413332B4ACB9FADCFF51" box="[1254,1388,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AC9DFF4EFF35" box="[151,254,188,212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AC9DFF4EFF35" box="[151,254,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and several previous authors synonymized all three genera as
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A4133358CAC9DFBF5FF35" box="[990,1093,188,212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A4133358CAC9DFBF5FF35" box="[990,1093,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333205AC9DFB52FF35" author="Broch" box="[1111,1250,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Broch, H. (1939) Some South African shallow water octactinians. Kungliga fysiografiska sallskapets i Lund forhandlingar, 9 (6), 48 - 79. [Also available as a separate with page numbers 1 - 32.]" type="journal article" year="1939">Broch 1939</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413332A3AC9DFA20FF35" author="Madsen" box="[1265,1424,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia (Stolonifera - Telestacea - Xeniidea - Alcyonacea - Gorgonacea). Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (13), 1 - 65, plate 1." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen 1944</bibRefCitation>
). While
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336B1ACC1FEAFFF19" box="[227,287,224,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Drifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336B1ACC1FEAFFF19" box="[227,287,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Drifa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares a similar colony growth form and non-retractile polyps with the other two genera, it lacks the unilaterally spinose and leaf spindles characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333543AD25FC27FEFD" box="[785,919,260,284]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333543AD25FC27FEFD" box="[785,919,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413335FAAD25FBE5FEFD" author="Utinomi" box="[936,1109,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Utinomi, H. (1960) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). I. The genera Capnella, Scleronephthya and Chondronephthya (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 8 (1), 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Utinomi (1960</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333236AD25FB2DFEFD" author="Utinomi" box="[1124,1181,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Utinomi, H. (1961) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). II The boreal genera Gersemia, Duva, Drifa and Pseudodrifa (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 9 (1), 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
) further distinguished
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AD09FF64FEA1" box="[151,212,296,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Drifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AD09FF64FEA1" box="[151,212,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Drifa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333749AD09FE32FEA1" box="[283,386,296,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Capnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333749AD09FE32FEA1" box="[283,386,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Capnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on differences in the density of sclerites in the internal canal walls, but this character appears to vary among species rather than genera (pers. ob.). Material of
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333593AD6DFC4EFE85" box="[961,1022,332,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Drifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333593AD6DFC4EFE85" box="[961,1022,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Drifa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suitable for molecular analysis is not currently available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A41333695ADB5FA2CFE15" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
A chronological list of species originally described as belonging to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A4133321CADB5FB64FE4D" box="[1102,1236,404,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A4133321CADB5FB64FE4D" box="[1102,1236,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and their current classification is given here. Historically, a number of other species have been transferred, incorrectly, to
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5ADFDFEADFE15" box="[151,285,476,500]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5ADFDFEADFE15" box="[151,285,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other genera, and discussions of those can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333593ADFDFBDAFE15" author="Madsen" box="[961,1130,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia (Stolonifera - Telestacea - Xeniidea - Alcyonacea - Gorgonacea). Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (13), 1 - 65, plate 1." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen (1944)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413332F2ADFDFAF8FE15" author="Utinomi" box="[1184,1352,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Utinomi, H. (1960) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). I. The genera Capnella, Scleronephthya and Chondronephthya (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 8 (1), 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Utinomi (1960</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333301ADFDFA20FE15" author="Utinomi" box="[1363,1424,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Utinomi, H. (1961) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). II The boreal genera Gersemia, Duva, Drifa and Pseudodrifa (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 9 (1), 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
):
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F59C1FF9A413336C5AE05FA26F9E3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A413336C5AE05FC6EFDDD" blockId="6.[151,1351,548,1292]" box="[151,990,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB052D64FF9A413336C5AE05FC6EFDDD" box="[151,990,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AE05FD9BFDDD" ID-CoL="85QWP" authority="Verrill, 1869" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,555,548,572]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AE05FE26FDDD" box="[151,406,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya glomerata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413337CFAE05FD9BFDDD" author="Verrill" box="[413,555,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1869) Critical remarks on halcyonoid polyps, No. 3. American Journal of Science and Arts, 47 (March 1869), 282 - 285." type="journal article" year="1869">Verrill, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A4133346EAE05FD42FDDD" ID-CoL="37NHL" box="[572,754,548,572]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Drifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A4133346EAE05FD42FDDD" box="[572,754,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Drifa glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A41333576AE05FC66FDDD" author="Verrill" box="[804,982,548,572]" page="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333576AE05FC1FFDDD" author="Verrill" box="[804,943,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1922) Alcyonaria. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 - 1918, 8 G, 3 - 87." type="journal article" year="1922">Verrill 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 29
</treatmentCitation>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A413336C5AE69FB9AFDBE" blockId="6.[151,1351,548,1292]" box="[151,1066,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AE69FD9EFDBE" ID-CoL="6GYGR" authority="Verrill, 1869" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,558,583,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AE69FE2AFD81" box="[151,410,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya thyrsoidea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413337F3AE66FD9EFDBE" author="Verrill" box="[417,558,583,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1869) Critical remarks on halcyonoid polyps, No. 3. American Journal of Science and Arts, 47 (March 1869), 282 - 285." type="journal article" year="1869">Verrill, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A4133346CAE69FCF1FD81" ID-CoL="6GYGR" box="[574,833,584,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A4133346CAE69FCF1FD81" box="[574,833,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya thyrsoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see this publication)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A413336C5AE4DFBF2FD46" blockId="6.[151,1351,548,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB052D64FF9A413336C5AE4DFBF2FD46" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AE4DFDD5FD65" ID-CoL="85QWN" authority="Wright &amp; Studer, 1889" authorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,613,620,644]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AE4DFEEEFD65" box="[151,350,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya fusca</emphasis>
Wright &amp; Studer, 1889
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333427AE4DFC30FD65" ID-CoL="5XZLJ" box="[629,896,620,644]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Chondronephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333427AE4DFC30FD65" box="[629,896,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chondronephthya fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A413335E0AE4DFBCAFD65" author="Utinomi" box="[946,1146,620,644]" page="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413335E0AE4DFBE3FD65" author="Utinomi" box="[946,1107,620,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Utinomi, H. (1960) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). I. The genera Capnella, Scleronephthya and Chondronephthya (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 8 (1), 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Utinomi 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 35
</treatmentCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AEB1FD95FD46" ID-CoL="85QWY" authority="Studer, 1891" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,549,655,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AEB1FE20FD49" box="[151,400,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya racemosa</emphasis>
Studer, 1891
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333467AEB1FC82FD49" ID-CoL="4NWHJ" box="[565,818,656,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Pseudodrifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333467AEB1FC82FD49" box="[565,818,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudodrifa racemosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A41333536AEAEFB8BFD46" author="Utinomi" box="[868,1083,655,679]" page="244" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333536AEAEFBB4FD46" author="Utinomi" box="[868,1028,655,679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Utinomi, H. (1961) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). II The boreal genera Gersemia, Duva, Drifa and Pseudodrifa (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 9 (1), 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1961">Utinomi 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 244
</treatmentCitation>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A413336C5AE95FBF6FCD6" blockId="6.[151,1351,548,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB052D64FF9A413336C5AE95FBF6FCD6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AE95FDE2FD2D" ID-CoL="6GYGX" authority="Hickson, 1905" authorityName="Hickson" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,594,692,716]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maldivensis">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AE95FE17FD2D" box="[151,423,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya maldivensis</emphasis>
Hickson, 1905
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333430AE95FCD7FD2D" ID-CoL="3VMCT" box="[610,871,692,716]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maldivensis">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333430AE95FCD7FD2D" box="[610,871,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Litophyton maldivensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A413335CBAE95FBDFFD2D" author="Hickson" box="[921,1135,692,716]" page="173" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413335CBAE95FB89FD2D" author="Hickson" box="[921,1081,692,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Hickson, S. J. (1908) On the systematic position of Eunephthya maldivensis Hickson. Zoologische Anzeiger 33 (5 / 6), 173 - 176." type="journal article" year="1908">Hickson 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 173
</treatmentCitation>
-176)
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AEF9FD6FFD0E" ID-CoL="85QWX" authority="Thomson &amp; Henderson, 1905" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Henderson" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,735,727,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AEF9FE3AFD11" box="[151,394,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya purpurea</emphasis>
Thomson &amp; Henderson, 1905
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413334BDAEF9FBA8FD11" ID-CoL="34QWL" box="[751,1048,728,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Dendronephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413334BDAEF9FBA8FD11" box="[751,1048,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dendronephthya purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A41333218AEF6FA8EFD0E" author="Kukenthal" box="[1098,1342,727,751]" page="379" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333218AEF6FAB9FD0E" author="Kukenthal" box="[1098,1289,727,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1907) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien. II. Die Familie der Nephthyiden. 3. Teil. Die Gattungen Eunephthya Verrill und Gersemia Marenzeller. Zoologische Jahrbucher, (Syst.), 24, 317 - 390." type="journal article" year="1907">Kükenthal, 1907</bibRefCitation>
: 379
</treatmentCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AEDDFDE7FCF5" ID-CoL="85QWF" authority="Kukenthal, 1906" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,599,764,788]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AEDDFE25FCF5" box="[151,405,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya antarctica</emphasis>
Kükenthal, 1906
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333435AEDCFC5FFCF5" ID-CoL="3FXF5" authority="P. Alderslade" authorityName="P. Alderslade" box="[615,1007,764,788]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333435AEDCFCFDFCF5" box="[615,845,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gersemia antarctica</emphasis>
, P. Alderslade
</taxonomicName>
pers. comm.)
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AF01FDF7FCD6" ID-CoL="85QWT" authority="Kukenthal, 1906" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,583,799,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AF01FE35FCD9" box="[151,389,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya japonica</emphasis>
Kükenthal, 1906
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333405AF01FC9DFCD9" ID-CoL="6KFRH" box="[599,813,800,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333405AF01FC9DFCD9" box="[599,813,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gersemia japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A4133350DAF3EFB8DFCD6" author="Ofwegen" box="[863,1085,799,823]" page="112" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A4133350DAF3EFBB8FCD6" author="Ofwegen" box="[863,1032,799,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ofwegen, L. P. van (2005) A new genus of nephtheid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae) from the Indo- Pacific. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 79 (4), 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="2005">Ofwegen 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 112
</treatmentCitation>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A413336C5AF65FBF0FC9E" blockId="6.[151,1351,548,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB052D64FF9A413336C5AF65FBF0FC9E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AF65FDFFFCBD" ID-CoL="85QX2" authority="Kukenthal, 1906" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,591,836,860]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiculosa">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AF65FE3EFCBD" box="[151,398,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya spiculosa</emphasis>
Kükenthal, 1906
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A4133340DAF65FCCDFCBD" ID-CoL="4VQ33" box="[607,893,836,860]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Scleronephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiculosa">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A4133340DAF65FCCDFCBD" box="[607,893,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Scleronephthya spiculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A413335FDAF65FB3DFCBD" author="Ofwegen" box="[943,1165,836,860]" page="112" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413335FDAF65FBE9FCBD" author="Ofwegen" box="[943,1113,836,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ofwegen, L. P. van (2005) A new genus of nephtheid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae) from the Indo- Pacific. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 79 (4), 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="2005">Ofwegen 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 112
</treatmentCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AF49FD92FC9E" ID-CoL="85QWR" authority="Gravier, 1913" authorityName="Gravier" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,546,871,896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AF49FE31FC61" box="[151,385,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya hicksoni</emphasis>
Gravier, 1913
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333461AF49FC15FC9E" ID-CoL="3FXFD" authority="P. Alderslade" authorityName="P. Alderslade" box="[563,933,871,896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333461AF49FCBBFC61" box="[563,779,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gersemia hicksoni,</emphasis>
P. Alderslade
</taxonomicName>
pers. comm.)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A413336C5AFADFB9EFC45" blockId="6.[151,1351,548,1292]" box="[151,1070,908,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB052D64FF9A413336C5AFADFB9EFC45" box="[151,1070,908,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AFADFDFFFC45" ID-CoL="85QWK" authority="Molander, 1915" authorityName="Molander" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,591,908,932]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flavescens">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AFADFE27FC45" box="[151,407,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya flavescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413337CFAFADFDFFFC45" author="Molander" box="[413,591,908,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Molander, A. R. (1915) Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum. VII. Alcyonacea. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 51 (11), 1 - 94, plates 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1915">Molander, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333432AFADFCA6FC45" ID-CoL="37NHL" box="[608,790,908,932]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Drifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333432AFADFCA6FC45" box="[608,790,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Drifa glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A4133351AAFADFB96FC45" author="Utinomi" box="[840,1062,908,932]" page="240" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A4133351AAFADFC40FC45" author="Utinomi" box="[840,1008,908,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Utinomi, H. (1961) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). II The boreal genera Gersemia, Duva, Drifa and Pseudodrifa (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 9 (1), 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1961">Utinomi, 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 240
</treatmentCitation>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A413336C5AF91FC45FC0D" blockId="6.[151,1351,548,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB052D64FF9A413336C5AF91FC45FC0D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AF91FDC1FC26" ID-CoL="85QWQ" authority="Molander, 1915" authorityName="Molander" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,625,943,968]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="groenlandica">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AF91FE07FC29" box="[151,439,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya groenlandica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413337EDAF8EFDC1FC26" author="Molander" box="[447,625,943,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Molander, A. R. (1915) Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum. VII. Alcyonacea. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 51 (11), 1 - 94, plates 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1915">Molander, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413334D3AF91FC14FC29" ID-CoL="4NWHG" box="[641,932,944,968]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Pseudodrifa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="groenlandica">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413334D3AF91FC14FC29" box="[641,932,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudodrifa groenlandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A41333585AF8EFB1EFC26" author="Utinomi" box="[983,1198,943,967]" page="244" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333585AF8EFBC7FC26" author="Utinomi" box="[983,1143,943,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Utinomi, H. (1961) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). II The boreal genera Gersemia, Duva, Drifa and Pseudodrifa (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 9 (1), 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1961">Utinomi 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 244
</treatmentCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AFF5FDA9FC0D" ID-CoL="865GL" authority="Molander, 1915" authorityName="Molander" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,537,980,1004]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rosea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AFF5FED0FC0D" box="[151,352,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya rosea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A4133373AAFF5FDA9FC0D" author="Molander" box="[360,537,980,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Molander, A. R. (1915) Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum. VII. Alcyonacea. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 51 (11), 1 - 94, plates 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1915">Molander, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333478AFF4FD6DFC0D" ID-CoL="384V4" box="[554,733,980,1004]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Duva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multiflora">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333478AFF4FD6DFC0D" box="[554,733,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Duva multiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A4133355DAFF5FC5CFC0D" author="Utinomi" box="[783,1004,980,1004]" page="239" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A4133355DAFF5FC07FC0D" author="Utinomi" box="[783,951,980,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Utinomi, H. (1961) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). II The boreal genera Gersemia, Duva, Drifa and Pseudodrifa (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 9 (1), 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1961">Utinomi, 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 239
</treatmentCitation>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A413336C5AFD9FC4AFBB6" blockId="6.[151,1351,548,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB052D64FF9A413336C5AFD9FC4AFBB6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5AFD9FDCAFBEE" ID-CoL="85QX3" authority="Molander, 1915" authorityName="Molander" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,634,1015,1040]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5AFD9FE72FBF1" box="[151,450,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya spitzbergensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A4133379AAFD6FDCAFBEE" author="Molander" box="[456,634,1015,1039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Molander, A. R. (1915) Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum. VII. Alcyonacea. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 51 (11), 1 - 94, plates 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1915">Molander, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413334D8AFD8FC8EFBF1" ID-CoL="384V4" box="[650,830,1016,1040]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Duva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multiflora">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413334D8AFD8FC8EFBF1" box="[650,830,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Duva multiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A41333522AFD6FBFEFBEE" author="Utinomi" box="[880,1102,1015,1039]" page="239" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333522AFD6FBA7FBEE" author="Utinomi" box="[880,1047,1015,1039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Utinomi, H. (1961) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). II The boreal genera Gersemia, Duva, Drifa and Pseudodrifa (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 9 (1), 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1961">Utinomi, 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 239
</treatmentCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5A83DFD82FBD5" authority="Thorpe, 1928" authorityName="Thorpe" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,562,1052,1076]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abrolhosa">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5A83DFE24FBD5" box="[151,404,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya abrolhosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413337C9A83DFD82FBD5" author="Thorpe" box="[411,562,1052,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Thorpe, L. (1928) Alcyonaria of the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 36, 479 - 531, plates 30 - 34." type="journal article" year="1928">Thorpe, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333410A83DFC75FBD5" ID-CoL="6NKHK" authority="P. Alderslade" authorityName="P. Alderslade" box="[578,965,1052,1076]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Klyxum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abrolhosum">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333410A83DFC94FBD5" box="[578,804,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Klyxum abrolhosum</emphasis>
, P. Alderslade
</taxonomicName>
pers. comm.)
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5A861FDB9FBB6" authority="Thorpe, 1928" authorityName="Thorpe" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,521,1087,1112]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brochi">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5A861FEDBFBB9" box="[151,363,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya brochi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333721A81EFDB9FBB6" author="Thorpe" box="[371,521,1087,1111]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Thorpe, L. (1928) Alcyonaria of the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 36, 479 - 531, plates 30 - 34." type="journal article" year="1928">Thorpe, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333448A861FCD0FBB6" ID-CoL="6NKHH" authority="P. Alderslade" authorityName="P. Alderslade" box="[538,864,1087,1112]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Klyxum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brochi">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333448A861FD0EFBB9" box="[538,702,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Klyxum brochi</emphasis>
, P. Alderslade
</taxonomicName>
pers. comm.)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A413336C5A845FC43FB9D" blockId="6.[151,1351,548,1292]" box="[151,1011,1124,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5A845FDB6FB9D" authority="Thorpe, 1928" authorityName="Thorpe" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,518,1124,1148]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="whitei">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5A845FED8FB9D" box="[151,360,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya whitei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A4133373DA845FDB6FB9D" author="Thorpe" box="[367,518,1124,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Thorpe, L. (1928) Alcyonaria of the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 36, 479 - 531, plates 30 - 34." type="journal article" year="1928">Thorpe, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333444A845FCE9FB9D" ID-CoL="6NKH8" authority="P. Alderslade" authorityName="P. Alderslade" box="[534,857,1124,1148]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Klyxum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="whitei">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333444A845FD07FB9D" box="[534,695,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Klyxum whitei</emphasis>
, P. Alderslade
</taxonomicName>
pers. comm.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A413336C5A8A9FC64FB7E" blockId="6.[151,1351,548,1292]" box="[151,980,1159,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB052D64FF9A413336C5A8A9FC64FB7E" box="[151,980,1159,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5A8A9FDAEFB7E" ID-CoL="85QWG" authority="Utinomi, 1951" authorityName="Utinomi" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,542,1159,1184]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5A8A9FEC4FB41" box="[151,372,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya bicolor</emphasis>
Utinomi, 1951
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A4133347DA8A8FD74FB41" ID-CoL="384V2" box="[559,708,1160,1184]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Duva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A4133347DA8A8FD74FB41" box="[559,708,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Duva bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A413334A4A8A6FC7CFB7E" author="Utinomi" box="[758,972,1159,1183]" page="239" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413334A4A8A6FC26FB7E" author="Utinomi" box="[758,918,1159,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Utinomi, H. (1961) A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). II The boreal genera Gersemia, Duva, Drifa and Pseudodrifa (n. g.). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 9 (1), 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1961">Utinomi 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 239
</treatmentCitation>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A413336C5A88DFBBEFAED" blockId="6.[151,1351,548,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB052D64FF9A413336C5A88DFBBEFAED" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5A88DFDA9FB25" ID-CoL="85QWS" authority="Utinomi, 1951" authorityName="Utinomi" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,537,1196,1220]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hirotai">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5A88DFEDEFB25" box="[151,366,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya hirotai</emphasis>
Utinomi, 1951
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A4133347BA88DFC8DFB25" ID-CoL="5YGZY" box="[553,829,1196,1220]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Chromonephthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hirotai">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A4133347BA88DFC8DFB25" box="[553,829,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chromonephthea hirotai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A4133353DA88DFBFCFB25" author="Ofwegen" box="[879,1100,1196,1220]" page="111" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A4133353DA88DFBA8FB25" author="Ofwegen" box="[879,1048,1196,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ofwegen, L. P. van (2005) A new genus of nephtheid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae) from the Indo- Pacific. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 79 (4), 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="2005">Ofwegen 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 111
</treatmentCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5A8F1FD35FB06" ID-CoL="85QWZ" authority="Utinomi, 1951" authorityName="Utinomi" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,645,1231,1256]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="serratospiculata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5A8F1FE6BFB09" box="[151,475,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya serratospiculata</emphasis>
Utinomi, 1951
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413334C4A8F1FBA6FB09" ID-CoL="5YJ44" box="[662,1046,1232,1256]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Chromonephthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="serratospiculata">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413334C4A8F1FBA6FB09" box="[662,1046,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chromonephthea serratospiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<treatmentCitation id="0AB42C5BFF9A4133321DA8EEFA9EFB06" author="Ofwegen" box="[1103,1326,1231,1255]" page="180" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A4133321DA8EEFB48FB06" author="Ofwegen" box="[1103,1272,1231,1255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ofwegen, L. P. van (2005) A new genus of nephtheid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae) from the Indo- Pacific. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 79 (4), 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="2005">Ofwegen 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 180
</treatmentCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413336C5A8D5FDEAFAED" authority="Tixier-Durivault, 1961" authorityName="Tixier-Durivault" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,602,1268,1292]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413336C5A8D5FEE6FAED" box="[151,342,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya alba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A4133370EA8D5FDEAFAED" author="Tixier-Durivault" box="[348,602,1268,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. (1961) Les octocoralliaires du Golfe de Guinee et des Iles du Cap-Vert (Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea). Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la &quot; Calypso &quot;, 5, 239 - 262." type="journal article" year="1961">Tixier-Durivault, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(genus unknown but not
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333525A8D5FC4DFAED" ID-CoL="84NKM" box="[887,1021,1268,1292]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333525A8D5FC4DFAED" box="[887,1021,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA0A4AFF9A41333695A916FA26F9E3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1334,1538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
In addition to four new species described below, we include in
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333590A917FBF8FAAF" ID-CoL="84NKM" box="[962,1096,1334,1358]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333590A917FBF8FAAF" box="[962,1096,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eunephthya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
two common South African species, the
<typeStatus id="54AEB4E8FF9A41333776A97AFEE4FA92" box="[292,340,1371,1395]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413337EBA97DFD4DFA93" ID-CoL="6GYGR" authority="Verrill, 1865" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1865" box="[441,765,1370,1395]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413337EBA97DFDE0FA92" box="[441,592,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. thyrsoidea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333430A97BFD45FA93" author="Verrill" box="[610,757,1370,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1865) Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific exploring expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Captain John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. With descriptions of some additional species from the west coast of North America. Part II. Alcyonaria. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, 4 (10), 181 - 196, plates 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1865">Verrill, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A4133356BA97DFB30FA93" ID-CoL="6GYH2" authority="Williams, 1988" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1988" box="[825,1152,1370,1395]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="susanae" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A4133356BA97DFC05FA92" box="[825,949,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. susanae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333595A97BFBC8FA93" author="Williams" box="[967,1144,1370,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Williams, G. C. (1988) Four new species of southern African octocorals (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea), with a further diagnostic revision of the genus Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 92, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1988">Williams, 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2526B23FF9A413332D8A97AFB5EFA93" box="[1162,1262,1370,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Both of these species are described well elsewhere (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333410A95FFD5BFA77" author="Williams" box="[578,747,1406,1430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Williams, G. C. (1988) Four new species of southern African octocorals (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea), with a further diagnostic revision of the genus Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 92, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1988">Williams 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A413334A5A95FFCF0FA77" author="Williams" box="[759,832,1406,1430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Williams, G. C. (1992 a) The Alcyonacea of Southern Africa. Stoloniferous octocorals and soft corals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). Annals of the South African Museum, 100 (3), 249 - 358." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">1992a</bibRefCitation>
), but we present new images of the colony form (Fig. 3b, e) and sclerites (Figs. 1117) of these species here for comparison. In addition to the sclerite forms described and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A41333730A9E7FDA2FA3F" author="Williams" box="[354,530,1478,1502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Williams, G. C. (1988) Four new species of southern African octocorals (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea), with a further diagnostic revision of the genus Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 92, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1988">Williams (1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8477BBFF9A4133344DA9E7FDD7FA3F" author="Williams" box="[543,615,1478,1502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Williams, G. C. (1992 a) The Alcyonacea of Southern Africa. Stoloniferous octocorals and soft corals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). Annals of the South African Museum, 100 (3), 249 - 358." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">1992a</bibRefCitation>
), it should be noted that both
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A413335E5A9E9FB80FA3E" ID-CoL="6GYH2" box="[951,1072,1480,1503]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="susanae" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A413335E5A9E9FB80FA3E" box="[951,1072,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. susanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2526B23FF9A4133326AA9E6FB2BFA3F" box="[1080,1179,1478,1502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1571C9FF9A41333283A9E9FAD7FA3F" ID-CoL="6GYGR" box="[1233,1383,1478,1503]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
<emphasis id="B961D658FF9A41333283A9E9FAD7FA3F" box="[1233,1383,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. thyrsoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also have small spindles in the tentacles (Figs. 11d, 13a, 15d), similar to those of the four new species described below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>