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<document id="BA107DE4629AB2E6C61B91D60EEE77D4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4095.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1972764-7444-46ba-97b1-517daec66224" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="261389" ID-ZooBank="690FFEBE-F71B-4EFD-865A-944D81A12897" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459240875275" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="P. R. Pugh" docDate="2016" docId="03BC87D0FF96FFCFFF6EFC20FA9AD309" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa_4095_1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4095 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cordagalma tottoni Margulis 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FF85FFA8FF99FFDFFFF9FFACF93CD442" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of the Family Cordagalmatidae fam. nov. (Cnidaria, Siphonophora, Physonectae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698186612131" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9921552ADD79D07A27EBD3C487F82C9D">A synopsis of the Family Cordagalmatidae fam. nov. (Cnidaria, Siphonophora, Physonectae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ADC9D88F2A059CBDB37E099E5CA9B4AE">P. R. Pugh</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03BC87D0FF96FFCFFF6EFC20FA9AD309" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6087813" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119319702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6087813" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87D0FF96FFCFFF6EFC20FA9AD309" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87D0FF96FFCFFF6EFC20FA9AD309" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF96FFD0FF6EFC20FB70D7E4" box="[151,588,908,934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF96FFD0FF6EFC20FB70D7E4" blockId="15.[151,588,908,934]" box="[151,588,908,934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="D0E281AAFF96FFD0FF6EFC20FB70D7E4" bold="true" box="[151,588,908,934]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FF6EFC20FB70D7E4" bold="true" box="[151,588,908,934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FF6EFC20FB7BD7E4" authority="Margulis, 1993" authorityName="Margulis" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,583,908,934]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tottoni">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FF6EFC20F8BED7E4" bold="true" box="[151,386,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cordagalma tottoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FE70FC20FB7BD7E4" author="Margulis" box="[393,583,908,934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refString="Margulis, R. Ya. (1993) Cordagalma tottoni sp. n. - a new Siphonophora of the suborder Physonectae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Siphonophora). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 72, 14 - 19. Translation in Hydrobiological Journal, 30 (3), 79 - 84, (1994). [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1993">Margulis, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF96FFD0FF6EFC7EFA82D04D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF96FFD0FF6EFC7EFA82D04D" blockId="15.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FF6EFC7EF82DD7A9" bold="true" box="[151,273,978,1003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small, typically heart-shaped nectophores. Pedicular canal, on reaching nectosac, gives rise to only upper and lower radial canals. Lateral canals arise from the upper canal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF96FFCFFF3EFBB6FAACD2F9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF96FFD0FF3EFBB6FA10D081" blockId="15.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FF3EFBB6F807D071" bold="true" box="[199,315,1050,1075]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
The original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FD76FBB6FA4DD071" box="[655,881,1050,1075]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tottoni">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FD76FBB6FA4DD071" box="[655,881,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cordagalma tottoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on fragments of a single specimen collected, using a Juday net in the 100–0m depth zone, by the Research Vessel
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FBE6FB92FDFDD015" box="[1055,1217,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Vozrozhedenia</emphasis>
on
<date id="FFAB1006FF96FFD0FB17FB92F9F3D039" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1986-12-18">18th December 1986</date>
at 35°S 139°W, in the middle of the South Pacific Ocean. The material was said to consist of a stem, with pneumatophore and various buds, three nectophores, two gastrozooids, and several siphosomal fragments. The
<typeStatus id="54AE8864FF96FFD0FF6EFB07F9FBD081" box="[151,199,1195,1219]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
specimen has been re-examined by the present author.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF96FFD0FF3EFB63FDADD1FD" blockId="15.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
A problem with Margulis' (1993) description of the nectophores is that she had orientated them upside-down, such that she considered the conical lower part of the nectophore to be anterior. This apart, the only real distinguishing feature of the nectophores, the largest of which measured
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF96FFD0FC2EFABAFD13D16C" box="[983,1071,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF96FFD0FB2FFABAFC12D16C" box="[1238,1326,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
in width, was that the pedicular canal, on reaching the nectosac, gave rise to only the upper and lower radial canals (
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF96FFD0FAA8FA96F98AD135" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1426,1448]" captionTargetBox="[266,1317,209,1383]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[256,1331,195,1395]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cordagalma tottoni Margulis 1993. A. &amp; B. Axial and lateral view, respectively, of a nectophore, scale bar 1 mm; C. a tentillum (proximal at top), scale bar 0.1 mm; D. bract &amp; E. palpon (proximal at bottom), scale bars 1 mm. Redrawn from Margulis (1993)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261402/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 12</figureCitation>
). The lateral radial canals then arose from the upper (ventral according to Margulis) canal. This, with some difficulty, was confirmed by the present author and, thus, is in contrast to the arrangement in all other
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FAF6FA2EFCA0D1D9" box="[1295,1436,1410,1435]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FAF6FA2EFCA0D1D9" box="[1295,1436,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cordagalma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species herein described where all the radial canals arise together from the pedicular canal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF96FFD0FF3EFA67F81AD399" blockId="15.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
It is far from certain that the siphosomal zooids described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FC60FA66FD6ED1A1" author="Margulis" box="[921,1106,1482,1507]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refString="Margulis, R. Ya. (1993) Cordagalma tottoni sp. n. - a new Siphonophora of the suborder Physonectae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Siphonophora). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 72, 14 - 19. Translation in Hydrobiological Journal, 30 (3), 79 - 84, (1994). [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1993">Margulis (1993)</bibRefCitation>
actually belong to the same specimen as the detached nectophores. Some of the palpons were said to have palpacles (
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF96FFD0FB69FA42FC3CD245" box="[1168,1280,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1426,1448]" captionTargetBox="[266,1317,209,1383]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[256,1331,195,1395]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cordagalma tottoni Margulis 1993. A. &amp; B. Axial and lateral view, respectively, of a nectophore, scale bar 1 mm; C. a tentillum (proximal at top), scale bar 0.1 mm; D. bract &amp; E. palpon (proximal at bottom), scale bars 1 mm. Redrawn from Margulis (1993)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261402/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 12</figureCitation>
) while others did not. This suggests their presence and subsequent loss, which would be in marked contrast to the arrangement in other
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FF2EF99AF858D20D" box="[215,356,1590,1615]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FF2EF99AF858D20D" box="[215,356,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cordagalma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, but is in accord with that found for
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FCB6F99AFD65D20D" box="[847,1113,1590,1615]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cardianecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parchelion" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FCB6F99AFD65D20D" box="[847,1113,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cardianecta parchelion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257AFFF96FFD0FBA6F99BFDFBD20C" box="[1119,1223,1591,1615]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FB28F99AFC16D20D" bold="true" box="[1233,1322,1590,1615]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
described below. However, the re-examination showed that the palpons, which were attached at their bases, appeared not to possess palpacles. The loose gastrozooids had the proximal part of the tentacles attached, which bore, presumably, young tentilla with long pedicles and oval cnidobands, with a beak-shaped tip. There was said to be a single row of larger nematocysts on either side of the cnidoband, enclosing numerous smaller ones. No further details could be added. These are quite unlike the tentilla of
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FD7DF947FA25D341" box="[644,793,1770,1795]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FD7DF947FA25D341" box="[644,793,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. ordinatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FCA8F946FDB9D341" author="Margulis" box="[849,1157,1770,1795]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refString="Margulis, R. Ya. (1993) Cordagalma tottoni sp. n. - a new Siphonophora of the suborder Physonectae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Siphonophora). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 72, 14 - 19. Translation in Hydrobiological Journal, 30 (3), 79 - 84, (1994). [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1993">
Margulis (1993,
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF96FFD0FBF5F946FD57D341" box="[1036,1131,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1334,1356]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,195,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1248,195,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Anthemodes ordinata Haeckel, 1888. Reproduced from Haeckel (1888, Pl. XV)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261392/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 2</figureCitation>
E)
</bibRefCitation>
figured but, again, those of
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FF43F8A2F8F4D365" box="[186,456,1806,1831]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cardianecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parchelion" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FF43F8A2F8F4D365" box="[186,456,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cardianecta parchelion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257AFFF96FFD0FE2DF8A3FB7CD364" box="[468,576,1807,1831]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FDA9F8A2FB92D365" bold="true" box="[592,686,1806,1831]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
are very different. The bracts of
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FBC7F8A3FD90D364" box="[1086,1196,1807,1830]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tottoni">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FBC7F8A3FD90D364" box="[1086,1196,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. tottoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also were markedly different in having a transverse ridge demarcating a triangular distal facet on the upper side, and with a bracteal canal that was said to end below the middle of a strip of nematocysts running proximally from the distal tip of the bract. Finally, Margulis described the gonophores as being immature but, on re-examination, the sex of some could be determined and they all appeared to be female. It is, however, doubtful that this observation has any significance.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6A664EFF89FFCFFF6EFA3EF87FD1A7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261402/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[266,1317,209,1383]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF89FFCFFF6EFA3EF87FD1A7" blockId="16.[151,1436,1426,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFF6EFA3EF823D1EA" bold="true" box="[151,287,1426,1448]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF89FFCFFEDDFA3EFBB4D1EA" authority="Margulis 1993" authorityName="Margulis" authorityYear="1993" box="[292,648,1426,1448]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tottoni">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFEDDFA3EF8D7D1EA" box="[292,491,1426,1448]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cordagalma tottoni</emphasis>
Margulis 1993
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFD68FA3EFB9FD1EA" bold="true" box="[657,675,1426,1448]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
. &amp;
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFD30FA3EFBE6D1EA" bold="true" box="[713,730,1426,1448]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
. Axial and lateral view, respectively, of a nectophore, scale bar 1 mm;
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFF6EFA1CF995D184" bold="true" box="[151,169,1456,1478]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
. a tentillum (proximal at top), scale bar 0.1 mm;
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFD64FA1CFB93D184" bold="true" box="[669,687,1456,1478]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
. bract &amp;
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFCF6FA1CFA1CD184" bold="true" box="[783,800,1456,1478]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
. palpon (proximal at bottom), scale bars 1 mm. Redrawn from Margulis (1993).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF89FFCFFF3EF99AFAACD2F9" blockId="16.[151,1436,1590,1867]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Thus, until a complete specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF89FFCFFDA3F99AFA0BD20C" box="[602,823,1590,1615]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tottoni">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFDA3F99AFA0BD20C" box="[602,823,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cordagalma tottoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is collected it is impossible to know if the siphosomal zooids described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF89FFCFFE86F9F6FB0AD230" author="Margulis" box="[383,566,1626,1651]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" refString="Margulis, R. Ya. (1993) Cordagalma tottoni sp. n. - a new Siphonophora of the suborder Physonectae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Siphonophora). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 72, 14 - 19. Translation in Hydrobiological Journal, 30 (3), 79 - 84, (1994). [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1993">Margulis (1993)</bibRefCitation>
actually belong with the nectophores. Nonetheless, the fact, since confirmed by the present author, that the lateral radial canals on the nectosac arise from the upper canal is a distinguishing feature setting this species apart from all other
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF89FFCFFD5DF90EFA0DD2F9" box="[676,817,1698,1723]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFD5DF90EFA0DD2F9" box="[676,817,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cordagalma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF89FFCFFF3EF96AF89BD340" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF89FFCFFF3EF96AF89BD340" blockId="16.[151,1436,1590,1867]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFF3EF96AF85CD29D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1734,1759]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from a single specimen collected in superficial waters in the central South Pacific Ocean (c, 35°S 139°W).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF89FFCFFF3EF8A2FA9AD309" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF89FFCFFF3EF8A2FA9AD309" blockId="16.[151,1436,1590,1867]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFF3EF8A2F872D365" bold="true" box="[199,334,1806,1831]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for Arthur Knyvett Totton whose
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF89FFCFFCB7F8A3FD91D365" box="[846,1197,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Synopsis of the
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF89FFCFFBF7F8A2FD91D365" box="[1038,1197,1806,1831]" class="Diplopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Siphonophora</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, published in 1965, remains the most important work on siphonophores published to date.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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