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<mods:title id="6EBB5BCB5C16AE152751DF4C121A85D4">The genus Polistes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Brazil: morphological diagnoses, identification key, and geographical distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="71062F913C3415F45BF2F247ACF2D31B">Brito, Samanta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75BF376B53C0CFD1366D888842723B6B">Oliveira, Marcio L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="44BCF1F5AFBB50DA22CD4034DFCF6D95">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, AM, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="896D8FC8B4D65FF422AA6C284DE64411">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB048F2D695AF48EA7A242F7A796D692">American Museum of Natural History, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, New York, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C5BFA01EB28CCD23F0AB943575A1CB86">Somavilla, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0D0E8AD2294DC42A83F9B3A6FA4670FD">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, AM, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="F9DF4FD2E591F4D85A0EEEC833FB4E42">2024</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFA1FFEDCCEEFAC849E6FAFA" blockId="20.[151,662,1332,1395]" box="[151,662,1332,1360]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">
<heading id="D0E281CAFFA1FFEDCCEEFAC849E6FAFA" bold="true" box="[151,662,1332,1360]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFA1FFEDCCEEFAC849E6FAFA" ID-CoL="6W4PW" authority="Brethes, 1903" authorityName="Brethes" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,662,1332,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" subGenus="Epicnemius">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA1FFEDCCEEFAC849E6FAFA" bold="true" box="[151,662,1332,1360]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA1FFEDCCEEFAC84B84FAE5" bold="true" box="[151,244,1333,1360]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Polistes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA1FFEDCD7CFAC84AE4FAFA" bold="true" box="[261,404,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Epicnemius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA1FFEDCDDFFAC84A96FAFA" bold="true" box="[422,486,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">niger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B57FFA1FFEDCD94FAC949E6FAFA" author="Brethes, J." box="[493,662,1332,1359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" pagination="15 - 39" refId="ref26431" refString="Brethes, J. (1903) Contribucion al estudio de los Vespidos sudamericanos y especialmente argentinos. Anales del Museo Nacional del Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 9, 15 - 39." type="journal article" year="1903">Brèthes, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFA1FFEDCCEEFAA44A57FAC6" blockId="20.[151,662,1332,1395]" box="[151,295,1369,1395]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">
(
<figureCitation id="132E2A23FFA1FFEDCCE6FAA44A6FFAC6" box="[159,287,1369,1395]" captionStart="FIGURES 6168" captionStartId="23.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,188,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[183,1405,181,1919]" captionText="FIGURES 6168. Polistes spp. 61, 62. P. (Epicnemius) niger Brèthes. 63, 64. P. (E.) obscurus de Saussure. 65, 66. P. (E.) occipitalis Ducke. 67, 68. P. (E.) orlandoi Somavilla &amp; Carpenter. 61, 63, 65, 67. Dorsal view. 62, 64, 66, 68. Lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13736645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13736645/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Figs 61, 62</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFA1FFEDCCEEFA634973FA00" box="[151,515,1438,1462]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFA1FFEDCCEEFA634973FA00" blockId="20.[151,515,1438,1462]" box="[151,515,1438,1462]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB051188FFA1FFEDCCEEFA634973FA00" box="[151,515,1438,1462]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB410B7FFA1FFEDCCEEFA634A90FA03" author="Brethes, J." box="[151,480,1438,1462]" page="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" year="1903">
<taxonomicName id="4C154D25FFA1FFEDCCEEFA634A90FA03" ID-CoL="6W4PW" authority="Brethes, 1903: 20" authorityName="Brethes" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,480,1438,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA1FFEDCCEEFA634A53FA00" box="[151,291,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Polistes niger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B57FFA1FFEDCD53FA634A90FA03" author="Brethes, J." box="[298,480,1438,1462]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" pagination="15 - 39" refId="ref26431" refString="Brethes, J. (1903) Contribucion al estudio de los Vespidos sudamericanos y especialmente argentinos. Anales del Museo Nacional del Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 9, 15 - 39." type="journal article" year="1903">Brèthes, 1903: 20</bibRefCitation>
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,
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA1FFEDCD93FA634A8EFA00" box="[490,510,1438,1461]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="female"></specimenCount>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFA1FFEDCCEEFA194AA9F8F7" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA1FFEDCCEEFA194A06FA4B" bold="true" box="[151,374,1508,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Diagnosis. Female.</emphasis>
Body pigmentation fully black, there may be brownish-yellow reduced marks on the scutellum and metanotum. Wings pigmentation dark brown to black. Intermediate size, about
<quantity id="4CED9B43FFA1FFEDC839F9F54FFFF996" box="[1088,1167,1544,1571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
in total length. Clypeus long than it is wider, with long bristles located only in the inferior region, and medium-sized and deep punctures present only in the apical region, apex rounded, clypeus-eye touching for an extent smaller than width of antennal socket; gena width at midlength equal to or slightly wider than eye; occipital carina strong, extending through entire gena; humeri slightly projecting; mesepisternum with short and dense bristles, small and shallow punctation; propodeal concavity only in the center, propodeal striae absent; tergum I longer than wide, with short and dense bristles, weak, small and shallow punctures; tergum II wider than or as wide as long, short and dense bristles, strong punctures.
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA1FFEDCD6BF8F94A26F8AB" bold="true" box="[274,342,1796,1822]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Male.</emphasis>
Similar to the females, except that the clypeus is longer than it is wide, with a pointed apex, wing pigmentation weakly brown.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFA1FFEDCCBEF8B14B9EF83F" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFA1FFEDCCBEF8B14B9EF83F" blockId="20.[151,1436,1508,1967]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA1FFEDCCBEF8B14ADDF8D3" bold="true" box="[199,429,1868,1894]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA1FFEDCDC6F8B14804F8D3" box="[447,884,1868,1895]" country="Brazil" location="Mato Grosso" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA1FFEDCDC6F8B14A93F8D3" box="[447,483,1868,1894]" count="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
,
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in total.
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA1FFEDCEFCF8B149BEF8D3" box="[645,718,1868,1894]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA1FFEDCEA5F8B04804F8D3" box="[732,884,1868,1895]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
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,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA1FFEDCFFAF8B14FFEF8D3" box="[899,1166,1868,1894]" collectionCode="NHM" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA1FFEDCFFAF8B148D6F8D3" box="[899,934,1868,1894]" count="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA1FFEDCFC1F8B1488FF8D3" box="[952,1023,1868,1894]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA1FFEDC86EF8B14FFEF8D3" box="[1047,1166,1868,1894]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
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,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA1FFEDC8E4F8B14E1AF8D3" box="[1181,1386,1868,1894]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA1FFEDC8E4F8B14FB0F8D3" box="[1181,1216,1868,1894]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA1FFEDC8ABF8B14F85F8D3" box="[1234,1269,1868,1894]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA1FFEDC97EF8B14E12F8D3" box="[1287,1378,1868,1894]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CFBFFA1FFEDC900F8B14B9AF83F" collectionCode="MCZ" country="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<specimenCount id="9D13FD2FFFA1FFEDC900F8B14EECF8D3" box="[1401,1436,1868,1894]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED04AE63FFA1FFEDCCE6F88D4B92F83F" box="[159,226,1904,1930]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F652DFFA1FFEDCCBEF86948A8F81B" box="[199,984,1940,1967]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAA36A6FFA1FFEDCCBEF86948A8F81B" blockId="20.[151,1436,1508,1967]" box="[199,984,1940,1967]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B961EAB4FFA1FFEDCCBEF8694A11F81B" bold="true" box="[199,353,1940,1966]" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA1FFEDCD1EF8694AC0F81B" box="[359,432,1940,1966]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA1FFEDCDC2F868493FF81B" box="[443,591,1940,1967]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA1FFEDCE23F8694983F81B" box="[602,755,1940,1966]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1F844FFA1FFEDCE87F8694802F81B" box="[766,882,1940,1966]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3027636FFA1FFEDCF07F86948A4F81B" box="[894,980,1940,1966]" name="Bolivia" pageId="20" pageNumber="529">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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