442 lines
69 KiB
XML
442 lines
69 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="53961F6C46B9D51C681CA285243816BF">Rediscovery and redescription of Cassidulus infidus (Echinoidea: Cassidulidae) from Northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1FF7BFBE52E492843FD98DCAFC527D94">Souto, Camilla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1DB17511DEFE4903B4856FC6ABECC8AA">Manso, Cynthia L. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="479C8FE0FC0EACEB2242DEF48F470AB4">Martins, Luciana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="57FEC54506D87858B56931E9E3C8BCA7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4AB0E8B295FAAA62840C8BCCF57DE2F8">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BC87ACFFE2FFEC92A5F96CFF5D863F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678694" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119422546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678694" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87ACFFE2FFEC92A5F96CFF5D863F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87ACFFE2FFEC92A5F96CFF5D863F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="C30F6531FFE2FFEA92A5F96CFEAF832A" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE2FFEA92A5F96CFDE582C9" blockId="1.[151,600,1735,1794]" box="[151,600,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0E281D6FFE2FFEA92A5F96CFDE582C9" bold="true" box="[151,600,1735,1761]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE2FFEA92A5F96CFDE582C9" authority="Mortensen 1948" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,600,1735,1761]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE2FFEA92A5F96CFDE582C9" bold="true" box="[151,600,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE2FFEA92A5F96CFECA82C9" bold="true" box="[151,375,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B4BFFE2FFEA934CF96CFDE582C9" author="Mortensen" box="[382,600,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) New Echinoida (Cassiduloida; Clypeasteroida). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 111, 67 - 72." type="journal article" year="1948" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen 1948b</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE2FFEA92A5F941FEAF832A" blockId="1.[151,600,1735,1794]" box="[151,274,1770,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE2FFEA92ADF941FEB4832A" box="[159,265,1770,1794]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1263,1286]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1265,1288]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionStartId-5="6.[151,250,1080,1103]" captionStartId-6="6.[151,250,1737,1760]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1395,155,1139]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,357,1922]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,690,1242]" captionTargetBox-3="[177,1390,207,1226]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1433,1482,1907]" captionTargetBox-5="[164,1436,201,1057]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,1213,1716]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[191,1396,155,1139]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,331,1922]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,669,1242]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,159,1244]" captionTargetId-4="figure@5.[151,1436,1460,1921]" captionTargetId-5="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1059]" captionTargetId-6="figure@6.[151,1436,1213,1716]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionTargetPageId-5="6" captionTargetPageId-6="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: shape of test in (A) aboral, (B) oral, (C) side and (D) posterior views. Scale bar is 2 mm long." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus infidus SMNH-Type- 4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA- 314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA- 757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA- 314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) apical disc with four genital pores in dark gray, five ocular plates in light gray enclosing ocular pores, and hydropores represented by small open circles; and (B) poriferous and interporiferous zones of ambulacrum II, pore pairs in dark gray, miliary tubercles represented by small open circles and primary by two concentric circles. Scale bars are 0.5 and 0.1 mm long, respectively." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) floscele with peristome aperture in light solid gray, bourrelets shaded, naked zone pits in dark solid gray, sphaeridial pits in solid black, phyllopores and primary tubercles represented by small open circles and three concentric circles, respectively, and (B) basicoronal plates around peristome aperture in light gray, from specimen 12.86 mm long; (C) internal oral surface of phyllode IV (phyllopores in solid black) from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (D) SEM of sphaeridium from pit in interambulacrum 5. Scale bars for A-C are 1 mm and for D is 10 µm long." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) internal view of periproct from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (B) periproctal plate pattern showing primary tubercles represented by two concentric circles and miliary tubercles represented by small black circles from specimen 12.86 mm long. Scale bars are 0.5 mm long." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: miliary spines from (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; and primary spines from (C) aboral surface, (D) bourrelets, (E) oral surface, and (F) just under hood, near periproct. Scale bars are in µm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. SEM of external appendages of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314: (A) complete ophicephalous pedicellaria from the edge of the test, (B) single valve of ophicephalous pedicellaria depicted in (A), (C) external and (D) internal view of tridentate pedicellaria from periproctal plate; and (E) SEM of primary tubercle from the oral side of the test. Scale bars for A-D are 10 µm and for (E) is 100 µm long." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/279092/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/279094/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/279095/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/279096/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/279097/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/279098/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30F6531FFE2FFEA92A5F899FE89834F" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE2FFEA92A5F899FE89834F" blockId="1.[151,1435,1842,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB051194FFE2FFEA92A5F899FE89834F" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE2FFEA92A5F899FDF48360" authority="Mortensen 1948a: 215" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="215" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,585,1842,1864]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
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||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE2FFEA92A5F899FEE98360" box="[151,340,1842,1864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB410ABFFE2FFEA936FF898FDF48360" author="Mortensen" box="[349,585,1842,1864]" page="215" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" year="1948">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B4BFFE2FFEA936FF898FDA98360" author="Mortensen" box="[349,532,1843,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A monograph of the Echinoidea. IV. 1. Holectypoida, Cassiduloida. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 363 pp." type="book" year="1948" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1948a</bibRefCitation>
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: 215
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB410ABFFE2FFEA9064F898FC8A8360" author="Mortensen" box="[598,823,1842,1864]" page="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" year="1948">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B4BFFE2FFEA9064F898FCB28360" author="Mortensen" box="[598,783,1842,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) New Echinoida (Cassiduloida; Clypeasteroida). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 111, 67 - 72." type="journal article" year="1948" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen 1948b</bibRefCitation>
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: 67
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB410ABFFE2FFEA9176F899FBBA8360" author="Tommasi" box="[836,1031,1842,1864]" page="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" year="1966">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B4BFFE2FFEA9176F899FC5C8360" author="Tommasi" box="[836,993,1842,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1966) Lista dos equinoides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 11, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1966">Tommasi 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 21
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
[as
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE2FFEA9604F899FABD8360" box="[1078,1280,1842,1864]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infindus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE2FFEA9604F899FABD8360" box="[1078,1280,1842,1864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Cassidulus infindus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
];
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB410ABFFE2FFEA972AF898FE8D834F" author="Manso" page="184" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B4BFFE2FFEA972AF898FF40834F" author="Manso" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Manso, C. L. C., Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R. (2008) Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil). Biota Neotropica, 8 (3), 179 - 196." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Manso
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<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE2FFEA9754F898FA2B8360" box="[1382,1430,1842,1864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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. 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 184
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F6531FFE2FFE992A5F838FD9381FD" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE2FFEA92A5F838FE4883DC" blockId="1.[151,1436,1939,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE2FFEA92A5F838FEBB8384" bold="true" box="[151,262,1939,1964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Material.</emphasis>
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Baía de Todos os Santos, BA,
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<collectingCountry id="F302762AFFE2FFEA9053F83FFD188384" box="[609,677,1940,1964]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE21507DFFE2FFEA9087F83FFCA98384" box="[693,788,1940,1964]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-12.8">12º48' S</geoCoordinate>
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||
;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE21507DFFE2FFEA9113F83FFC368384" box="[801,907,1940,1964]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-38.5">38º30' W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<date id="FFAB107AFFE2FFEA91ADF83FFBE88384" box="[927,1109,1940,1964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" value="1996-08-29">29 August 1996</date>
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||
,
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<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE2FFEA9652F83FFB1F8384" box="[1120,1186,1940,1964]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="3.5">3.5 m</quantity>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D13FD33FFE2FFEA969CF83FFA8A8384" box="[1198,1335,1940,1964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
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(UFBA- 314);
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<collectingCountry id="F302762AFFE2FFEA92E8F813FE8283F8" box="[218,319,1976,2000]" name="El Salvador" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Salvador</collectingCountry>
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, BA,
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<collectingCountry id="F302762AFFE2FFEA93B2F813FE7983F8" box="[384,452,1976,2000]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE21507DFFE2FFEA93E7F813FD8583F8" box="[469,568,1976,2000]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-13.016666">13º01’ S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE21507DFFE2FFEA9077F813FD0883F8" box="[581,693,1976,2000]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-38.483334">38º29’ W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<date id="FFAB107AFFE2FFEA90FBF813FC2A83F8" box="[713,919,1976,2000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" value="2008-02-11">February 2008, 11</date>
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m,
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<specimenCount id="9D13FD33FFE2FFEA91F1F813FBFE83F8" box="[963,1091,1976,2000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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(UFBA-757); Bahia,
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<collectingCountry id="F302762AFFE2FFEA9709F813FA3F83F8" box="[1339,1410,1976,2000]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D13FD33FFE2FFEA97BCF813FEBC83DC" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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(SMNH-Type-4859).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF6A6632FFE1FFE992A5FB22FE448097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[191,1395,155,1139]" targetPageId="2">
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||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE1FFE992A5FB22FE448097" blockId="2.[151,1436,1161,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE1FFE992A5FB22FEAE80B7" bold="true" box="[151,275,1161,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Drawings of
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE1FFE993ADFB21FDE78088" box="[415,602,1162,1184]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
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||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE1FFE993ADFB21FDE78088" box="[415,602,1162,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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UFBA-314 showing: shape of test in (A) aboral, (B) oral, (C) side and (D) posterior views. Scale bar is 2 mm long.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE1FFE992F5FB4FFCAE816D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1252,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE1FFE992F5FB4FFE6180D5" bold="true" box="[199,476,1252,1277]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Comparative material.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE1FFE993D5FB4EFD4280D5" box="[487,767,1253,1277]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE1FFE993D5FB4EFD4280D5" box="[487,767,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Cassidulus caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F302762AFFE1FFE99116FB4EFC3780D5" box="[804,906,1253,1277]" name="British Virgin Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Anegada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Virgin British Islands,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D13FD33FFE1FFE99695FB4EFA8880D5" box="[1191,1333,1253,1277]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED04AE7FFFE1FFE9977BFB4EFA2180D5" box="[1353,1436,1253,1277]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFAB107AFFE1FFE992A5FAA3FF538108" box="[151,238,1288,1312]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" value="33-11-26">112633</date>
|
||
: 12.89 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE9935FFAA3FE638108" box="[365,478,1288,1312]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.621" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="16.21">16.21 mm</quantity>
|
||
in TL);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE1FFE99008FAA2FD4C8109" box="[570,753,1289,1313]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE1FFE99008FAA2FD4C8109" box="[570,753,1289,1313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Cassidulus mitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F302762AFFE1FFE991D4FAA3FB908108" box="[998,1069,1288,1312]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D13FD33FFE1FFE9960AFAA3FB7C8108" box="[1080,1217,1288,1312]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(UFBA-756: 26.76 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE992F4FA86FE85816D" box="[198,312,1325,1349]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.176" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="31.76">31.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
in TL; IBZ/UFRJ-EE338:
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE9905CFA86FD00816D" box="[622,701,1325,1349]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
in TL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE1FFE992F5FAFBFD9381FD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1252,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE1FFE992F5FAFBFE008141" bold="true" box="[199,445,1360,1385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Amended Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral edges of test straightened, anterior and posterior margins rounded. Aboral surface inflated with greatest height posterior to the apical disc; oral surface strongly concave. Phyllodes with one row per half ambulacrum. Large deep pits on posterior ambulacrum. Periproct small, wider than long, almost round; periproctal groove narrow and deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F6531FFE1FFEC92F5FA4BFF5D863F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE1FFE992F5FA4BFEBB82F9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1252,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE1FFE992F5FA4BFEC981D1" bold="true" box="[199,372,1504,1529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Test small, wide and low (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE1FFE9909BFA4BFD5581D0" box="[681,744,1504,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,155,1139]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[191,1396,155,1139]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: shape of test in (A) aboral, (B) oral, (C) side and (D) posterior views. Scale bar is 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D); largest specimen with
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE99609FA4BFB1381D0" box="[1083,1198,1504,1528]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.286" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="12.86">12.86 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length,
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE9971BFA4BFA2181D0" box="[1321,1436,1504,1528]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.044" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="10.44">10.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE9933BF9AEFED28235" box="[265,367,1541,1565]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.07" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="5.07">5.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height. Aboral surface inflated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE1FFE99135F9AEFCF68235" box="[775,843,1541,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,331,1922]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus infidus SMNH-Type- 4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA- 314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA- 757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA- 314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F) with greatest height posterior of apical disc on a small elevation above the periproct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE1FFE99000F982FDC88269" box="[562,629,1577,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,331,1922]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus infidus SMNH-Type- 4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA- 314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA- 757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA- 314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C); oral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE1FFE99165F982FC268269" box="[855,923,1577,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,331,1922]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus infidus SMNH-Type- 4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA- 314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA- 757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA- 314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, D) concave, especially in the midline. Test height between 40–52% of TL (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6970301FFE1FFE99033F9E6FDEB824D" box="[513,598,1613,1637]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1335,201,595]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Test measurements (in millimeters) of specimens of Cassidulus infidus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6A6632FFE7FFEF92A5FF33FC608486" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="DF6A6632FFE7FFEF92A5FF33FC608486">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Smallest specimens (
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE9916FF9E6FBBF824D" box="[861,1026,1613,1637]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.755" metricValueMax="8.84" metricValueMin="6.67" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="7.755" valueMax="8.84" valueMin="6.67">6.67–8.84 mm</quantity>
|
||
of TL) oval in outline. Large specimens (
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE992D2F9DAFE2F82A1" box="[224,402,1649,1673]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.116" metricValueMax="1.286" metricValueMin="0.946" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="11.16" valueMax="12.86" valueMin="9.46">9.46–12.86 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length) have straightened lateral edges, and rounded anterior and posterior margins, being slightly wider in the posterior region. Young specimens (
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE99113F93EFC658285" box="[801,984,1685,1709]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.63" metricValueMax="3.68" metricValueMin="3.58" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="3.63" valueMax="3.68" valueMin="3.58">3.58 – 3.68 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length) almost circular and flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE1FFE992ADF912FF5E82F9" box="[159,227,1721,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,331,1922]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus infidus SMNH-Type- 4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA- 314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA- 757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA- 314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE1FFE992F7F976FED983AD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1252,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Apical disc: Anterior, monobasal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE1FFE9907FF976FD2D82DD" box="[589,656,1757,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1263,1286]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,690,1242]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,669,1242]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) apical disc with four genital pores in dark gray, five ocular plates in light gray enclosing ocular pores, and hydropores represented by small open circles; and (B) poriferous and interporiferous zones of ambulacrum II, pore pairs in dark gray, miliary tubercles represented by small open circles and primary by two concentric circles. Scale bars are 0.5 and 0.1 mm long, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A), less than 40% of TL from anterior edge and bearing four genital pores. These were completely developed in individuals larger than
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE991A7F8AAFC438331" box="[917,1022,1793,1817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.67" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="6.67">6.67 mm</quantity>
|
||
; however, they were opened only in the specimens with 7.71, 8.84 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE9902DF88EFD2C8315" box="[543,657,1829,1853]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.286" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="12.86">12.86 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL. Ocular plates small and differ in size from one another. Number of hydropores in madreporic plate varies according to the size of the specimen, but not exceeding 30 pores in the largest specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE1FFE892F7F83AFAAA8517" blockId="2.[151,1437,1252,2033]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,319]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Ambulacra: Petaloid region occupying 1/3 of the aboral region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE1FFE9919DF83AFC4F8381" box="[943,1010,1937,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,155,1139]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[191,1396,155,1139]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: shape of test in (A) aboral, (B) oral, (C) side and (D) posterior views. Scale bar is 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279092/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Petals narrow; short (18–22% of TL); almost equal in length, with 10–12 pores per row in petals II, III and IV, and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE99614F81EFB3583E5" box="[1062,1160,1973,1997]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="13.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="10.0">10–16 in</quantity>
|
||
petals I and V (
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE9970BF81EFA2183E5" box="[1337,1436,1973,1997]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10–13 in</quantity>
|
||
inner and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B5FFFE1FFE99339F872FECD83D9" box="[267,368,2009,2033]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">14–16 in</quantity>
|
||
outer rows). Petal I slightly shorter than petal V; opened distally. Poriferous zones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE1FFE99709F872FAC283D9" box="[1339,1407,2009,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1263,1286]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,690,1242]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,669,1242]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) apical disc with four genital pores in dark gray, five ocular plates in light gray enclosing ocular pores, and hydropores represented by small open circles; and (B) poriferous and interporiferous zones of ambulacrum II, pore pairs in dark gray, miliary tubercles represented by small open circles and primary by two concentric circles. Scale bars are 0.5 and 0.1 mm long, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B) almost equal in length. Two, rarely three, primary tubercles, surrounded by miliary tubercles between the consecutive pore pairs. Interporiferous zones of petals wider than a single poriferous zone.. Ambulacral plates single; pores rounded and approximately equal in size when in the same row, except for the three proximal pore pairs, which are smaller. Outer pores larger than inner. Outer and inner pores not conjugated by a deep furrow. One primary tubercle and 3–4 miliary spines in each ambulacral plate of petals. Plates beyond petals with small single pores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A6632FFE0FFE892A5F83CFDB683DA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[151,1436,357,1922]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE0FFE892A5F83CFDB683DA" blockId="3.[151,1436,1943,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE0FFE892A5F83CFEAF8385" bold="true" box="[151,274,1943,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE0FFE8932AF83CFE6F8385" box="[280,466,1943,1965]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE0FFE8932AF83CFE6F8385" box="[280,466,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SMNH-Type-4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA-314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA-757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA-314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A6632FFE7FFEF92A5FF33FC608486" ID-Table-UUID="DF6A6632FFE7FFEF92A5FF33FC608486" box="[151,989,152,174]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6A6632FFE7FFEF92A5FF33FC608486" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[151,1335,201,595]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE7FFEF92A5FF33FC608486" blockId="4.[151,989,152,174]" box="[151,989,152,174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE7FFEF92A5FF33FEB98485" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Test measurements (in millimeters) of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE7FFEF912FFF33FC6A8486" box="[797,983,152,174]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE7FFEF912FFF33FC6A8486" box="[797,983,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE7FFEF92ADFF62FAA1867B" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<table id="F915C41AFFE7001492A5FF62FA8A867B" box="[151,1335,201,595]" gridcols="5" gridrows="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<tr id="352534F8FFE7001492A5FF62FA8A84F7" box="[151,1335,201,223]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001492A5FF62FE2684F7" box="[151,411,201,223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Specimens</th>
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001490D8FF62FC8C84F7" box="[746,817,201,223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Length</th>
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001491AFFF62FC6684F7" box="[925,987,201,223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Width</th>
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE700149673FF62FB3B84F7" box="[1089,1158,201,223]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Height</th>
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001496C2FF62FA8A84F7" box="[1264,1335,201,223]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">TH/TL</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352534F8FFE7001492A5FF59FA8A8521" box="[151,1335,242,265]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001492A5FF59FE268521" box="[151,411,242,265]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">UFBA-314 (1)</th>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001490D8FF59FC8C8521" box="[746,817,242,265]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">12.86</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001491AFFF59FC668521" box="[925,987,242,265]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">10.44</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE700149673FF59FB3B8521" box="[1089,1158,242,265]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">5.07</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001496C2FF59FA8A8521" box="[1264,1335,242,265]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">0.40</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352534F8FFE7001492A5FEB0FA8A8519" box="[151,1335,283,305]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001492A5FEB0FE268519" box="[151,411,283,305]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">SMNH-Type-4859</th>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001490D8FEB0FC8C8519" box="[746,817,283,305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">10.03</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001491AFFEB0FC668519" box="[925,987,283,305]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">7.80</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE700149673FEB0FB3B8519" box="[1089,1158,283,305]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">5.33</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001496C2FEB0FA8A8519" box="[1264,1335,283,305]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">0.53</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352534F8FFE7001492A5FEEEFA8A8573" box="[151,1335,325,347]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001492A5FEEEFE268573" box="[151,411,325,347]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">UFBA-314 (2)</th>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001490D8FEEEFC8C8573" box="[746,817,325,347]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">9.46</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001491AFFEEEFC668573" box="[925,987,325,347]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">7.59</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE700149673FEEEFB3B8573" box="[1089,1158,325,347]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">4.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001496C2FEEEFA8A8573" box="[1264,1335,325,347]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">0.43</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352534F8FFE7001492A5FEC4FA8A85AD" box="[151,1335,367,389]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001492A5FEC4FE2685AD" box="[151,411,367,389]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">UFISITAB- ECH123 (1)</th>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001490D8FEC4FC8C85AD" box="[746,817,367,389]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">8.84</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001491AFFEC4FC6685AD" box="[925,987,367,389]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">8.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE700149673FEC4FB3B85AD" box="[1089,1158,367,389]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">4.37</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001496C2FEC4FA8A85AD" box="[1264,1335,367,389]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">0.49</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352534F8FFE7001492A5FE33FA8A8586" box="[151,1335,408,430]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001492A5FE33FE268586" box="[151,411,408,430]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">UFBA-757 (1)</th>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001490D8FE33FC8C8586" box="[746,817,408,430]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">7.98</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001491AFFE33FC668586" box="[925,987,408,430]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">6.57</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE700149673FE33FB3B8586" box="[1089,1158,408,430]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">3.71</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001496C2FE33FA8A8586" box="[1264,1335,408,430]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">0.46</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352534F8FFE7001492A5FE6AFA8A85F0" box="[151,1335,449,472]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001492A5FE6AFE2685F0" box="[151,411,449,472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">UFBA-314 (3)</th>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001490D8FE6AFC8C85F0" box="[746,817,449,472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">7.71</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001491AFFE6AFC6685F0" box="[925,987,449,472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">6.35</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE700149673FE6AFB3B85F0" box="[1089,1158,449,472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">3.29</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001496C2FE6AFA8A85F0" box="[1264,1335,449,472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">0.43</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352534F8FFE7001492A5FE41FA8A8629" box="[151,1335,490,513]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001492A5FE41FE268629" box="[151,411,490,513]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">UFISITAB- ECH123 (2)</th>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001490D8FE41FC8C8629" box="[746,817,490,513]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">6.67</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001491AFFE41FC668629" box="[925,987,490,513]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">6.28</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE700149673FE41FB3B8629" box="[1089,1158,490,513]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">2.94</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001496C2FE41FA8A8629" box="[1264,1335,490,513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">0.44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352534F8FFE7001492A5FDB8FA8A8602" box="[151,1335,531,554]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001492A5FDB8FE268602" box="[151,411,531,554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">UFBA-314 (4)</th>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001490D8FDB8FC8C8602" box="[746,817,531,554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">3.68</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001491AFFDB8FC668602" box="[925,987,531,554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">3.26</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE700149673FDB8FB3B8602" box="[1089,1158,531,554]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">0.60</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001496C2FDB8FA8A8602" box="[1264,1335,531,554]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">0.16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352534F8FFE7001492A5FD96FA8A867B" box="[151,1335,573,595]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76F45D84FFE7001492A5FD96FE26867B" box="[151,411,573,595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">UFBA-314 (5)</th>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001490D8FD96FC8C867B" box="[746,817,573,595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">3.58</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001491AFFD96FC66867B" box="[925,987,573,595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">3.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE700149673FD96FB3B867B" box="[1089,1158,573,595]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">0.74</td>
|
||
<td id="76F45D84FFE7001496C2FD96FA8A867B" box="[1264,1335,573,595]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">0.26</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A6632FFE7FFEF92A5FB44FCCE8149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279094/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[151,1436,690,1242]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE7FFEF92A5FB44FCCE8149" blockId="4.[151,1436,1263,1377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE7FFEF92A5FB44FEAF812C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1263,1286]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE7FFEF93AEFB44FDEB812D" box="[412,598,1263,1285]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE7FFEF93AEFB44FDEB812D" box="[412,598,1263,1285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
UFBA-314 showing: (A) apical disc with four genital pores in dark gray, five ocular plates in light gray enclosing ocular pores, and hydropores represented by small open circles; and (B) poriferous and interporiferous zones of ambulacrum II, pore pairs in dark gray, miliary tubercles represented by small open circles and primary by two concentric circles. Scale bars are 0.5 and 0.1 mm long, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE7FFEF92F7FA25FAAD818E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1422,2022]" box="[197,1296,1422,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Interambulacra: Interambulacral plates wide at the ambitus and narrowing towards the apical disc.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE7FFEF92F7FA19FE888272" blockId="4.[151,1437,1422,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Floscelle: Bourrelets well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF9045FA19FD0081E2" box="[631,701,1458,1482]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1265,1288]" captionTargetBox="[177,1390,207,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,159,1244]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) floscele with peristome aperture in light solid gray, bourrelets shaded, naked zone pits in dark solid gray, sphaeridial pits in solid black, phyllopores and primary tubercles represented by small open circles and three concentric circles, respectively, and (B) basicoronal plates around peristome aperture in light gray, from specimen 12.86 mm long; (C) internal oral surface of phyllode IV (phyllopores in solid black) from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (D) SEM of sphaeridium from pit in interambulacrum 5. Scale bars for A-C are 1 mm and for D is 10 µm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279095/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A), not tooth-like, bearing 40–55 spines which covers the entire peristomial aperture. Single buccal pore in each ambulacral basicoronal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF962DFA7DFBDB81C6" box="[1055,1126,1494,1518]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1265,1288]" captionTargetBox="[177,1390,207,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,159,1244]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) floscele with peristome aperture in light solid gray, bourrelets shaded, naked zone pits in dark solid gray, sphaeridial pits in solid black, phyllopores and primary tubercles represented by small open circles and three concentric circles, respectively, and (B) basicoronal plates around peristome aperture in light gray, from specimen 12.86 mm long; (C) internal oral surface of phyllode IV (phyllopores in solid black) from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (D) SEM of sphaeridium from pit in interambulacrum 5. Scale bars for A-C are 1 mm and for D is 10 µm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279095/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Phyllodes single pored, parallel and enlarged near the peristome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF905DFA51FD08823A" box="[623,693,1530,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1265,1288]" captionTargetBox="[177,1390,207,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,159,1244]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) floscele with peristome aperture in light solid gray, bourrelets shaded, naked zone pits in dark solid gray, sphaeridial pits in solid black, phyllopores and primary tubercles represented by small open circles and three concentric circles, respectively, and (B) basicoronal plates around peristome aperture in light gray, from specimen 12.86 mm long; (C) internal oral surface of phyllode IV (phyllopores in solid black) from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (D) SEM of sphaeridium from pit in interambulacrum 5. Scale bars for A-C are 1 mm and for D is 10 µm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279095/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C), with 6–8 pores in each row. Two to three (rarely four or five) sphaeridia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF9329F9B5FEE3821E" box="[283,350,1566,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1265,1288]" captionTargetBox="[177,1390,207,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,159,1244]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) floscele with peristome aperture in light solid gray, bourrelets shaded, naked zone pits in dark solid gray, sphaeridial pits in solid black, phyllopores and primary tubercles represented by small open circles and three concentric circles, respectively, and (B) basicoronal plates around peristome aperture in light gray, from specimen 12.86 mm long; (C) internal oral surface of phyllode IV (phyllopores in solid black) from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (D) SEM of sphaeridium from pit in interambulacrum 5. Scale bars for A-C are 1 mm and for D is 10 µm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279095/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D) in deep pits (sometimes enclosed;
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF913EF9B5FCED821E" box="[780,848,1566,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1265,1288]" captionTargetBox="[177,1390,207,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,159,1244]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) floscele with peristome aperture in light solid gray, bourrelets shaded, naked zone pits in dark solid gray, sphaeridial pits in solid black, phyllopores and primary tubercles represented by small open circles and three concentric circles, respectively, and (B) basicoronal plates around peristome aperture in light gray, from specimen 12.86 mm long; (C) internal oral surface of phyllode IV (phyllopores in solid black) from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (D) SEM of sphaeridium from pit in interambulacrum 5. Scale bars for A-C are 1 mm and for D is 10 µm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279095/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A), arranged in a double series along the midline of the phyllodes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE7FFEF92F7F9CDFB5D82EF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1422,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Peristome: Slightly wider than long (almost equant) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF9127F9CDFCE58256" box="[789,856,1638,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1265,1288]" captionTargetBox="[177,1390,207,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,159,1244]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) floscele with peristome aperture in light solid gray, bourrelets shaded, naked zone pits in dark solid gray, sphaeridial pits in solid black, phyllopores and primary tubercles represented by small open circles and three concentric circles, respectively, and (B) basicoronal plates around peristome aperture in light gray, from specimen 12.86 mm long; (C) internal oral surface of phyllode IV (phyllopores in solid black) from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (D) SEM of sphaeridium from pit in interambulacrum 5. Scale bars for A-C are 1 mm and for D is 10 µm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279095/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B), and located in a depression on the oral region of the test, displaced towards the anterior edge (center of opening situated 38–43% of TL from the anterior edge). Peristome of smallest specimens circular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF9042F905FD0E82EE" box="[624,691,1710,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,331,1922]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus infidus SMNH-Type- 4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA- 314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA- 757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA- 314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G), becoming pentagonal as the individual grows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE7FFEF92F7F979FC848352" blockId="4.[151,1437,1422,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Periproct: Supramarginal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF93C2F979FD8982C2" box="[496,564,1746,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,331,1922]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus infidus SMNH-Type- 4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA- 314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA- 757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA- 314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E), wider than long, and situated in a deep depression near the posterior edge of test, beyond the petals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF93F1F95DFDBA8326" box="[451,519,1782,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,331,1922]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus infidus SMNH-Type- 4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA- 314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA- 757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA- 314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Anal opening surrounded by a fringe of depressed spines with serrated edges and placed in the top position (middle-left side). Periproct composed by eight large and four to seven small plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF92ADF895FF5C837E" box="[159,225,1854,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,1482,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1460,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) internal view of periproct from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (B) periproctal plate pattern showing primary tubercles represented by two concentric circles and miliary tubercles represented by small black circles from specimen 12.86 mm long. Scale bars are 0.5 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Each periproctal plate bears 4–5 primary and 13-30 miliary tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF9628F895FBE1837E" box="[1050,1116,1854,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,1482,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1460,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: (A) internal view of periproct from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (B) periproctal plate pattern showing primary tubercles represented by two concentric circles and miliary tubercles represented by small black circles from specimen 12.86 mm long. Scale bars are 0.5 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B), and tridentate pedicellariae. Periproct of smaller specimens almost circular in shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE7FFEF92F7F82DFE9A83CE" blockId="4.[151,1437,1422,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Naked zone: Along the midline of the entire oral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE7FFEF917EF82DFC3283B6" box="[844,911,1926,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,331,1922]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus infidus SMNH-Type- 4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA- 314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA- 757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA- 314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, D), in ambulacrum III and interambulacrum 5, deeply pitted and bearing small and thin miliary spines, numerous in the former and sparsely distributed in the latter region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A6632FFE6FFEE92A5FB5AFA2D81AA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279095/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[177,1390,207,1226]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE6FFEE92A5FB5AFA2D81AA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1265,1411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE6FFEE92A5FB5AFEAF812F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1265,1288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE6FFEE93A9FB59FDE88120" box="[411,597,1266,1288]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE6FFEE93A9FB59FDE88120" box="[411,597,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
UFBA-314 showing: (A) floscele with peristome aperture in light solid gray, bourrelets shaded, naked zone pits in dark solid gray, sphaeridial pits in solid black, phyllopores and primary tubercles represented by small open circles and three concentric circles, respectively, and (B) basicoronal plates around peristome aperture in light gray, from specimen 12.86 mm long; (C) internal oral surface of phyllode IV (phyllopores in solid black) from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (D) SEM of sphaeridium from pit in interambulacrum 5. Scale bars for A-C are 1 mm and for D is 10 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A6632FFE6FFEE92A5F83CFBA283C2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279096/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[151,1433,1482,1907]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE6FFEE92A5F83CFBA283C2" blockId="5.[151,1436,1943,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE6FFEE92A5F83CFEAF8385" bold="true" box="[151,274,1943,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE6FFEE93AFF83CFDEA8385" box="[413,599,1943,1965]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE6FFEE93AFF83CFDEA8385" box="[413,599,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
UFBA-314 showing: (A) internal view of periproct from specimen 9.46 mm long; and (B) periproctal plate pattern showing primary tubercles represented by two concentric circles and miliary tubercles represented by small black circles from specimen 12.86 mm long. Scale bars are 0.5 mm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A6632FFE5FFED92A5FB93FF0280A3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279097/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[164,1436,201,1057]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE5FFED92A5FB93FF0280A3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1080,1163]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE5FFED92A5FB93FEAF8066" bold="true" box="[151,274,1080,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE5FFED93AFFB93FDEA8066" box="[413,599,1080,1102]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE5FFED93AFFB93FDEA8066" box="[413,599,1080,1102]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
UFBA-314 showing: miliary spines from (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; and primary spines from (C) aboral surface, (D) bourrelets, (E) oral surface, and (F) just under hood, near periproct. Scale bars are in µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A6632FFE5FFED92A5F962FE118314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279098/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[151,1436,1213,1716]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE5FFED92A5F962FE118314" blockId="6.[151,1436,1737,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE5FFED92A5F962FEAE82F7" bold="true" box="[151,275,1737,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM of external appendages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D39FFE5FFED9053F961FCA182C8" box="[609,796,1738,1760]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA8FFE5FFED9053F961FCA182C8" box="[609,796,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
UFBA-314: (A) complete ophicephalous pedicellaria from the edge of the test, (B) single valve of ophicephalous pedicellaria depicted in (A), (C) external and (D) internal view of tridentate pedicellaria from periproctal plate; and (E) SEM of primary tubercle from the oral side of the test. Scale bars for A-D are 10 µm and for (E) is 100 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE5FFED92F7F8C8FDFE83B7" blockId="6.[151,1436,1891,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Tuberculation: Slightly crenulate tubercles with circular scrobicules and small perforated mamelons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE5FFED970AF8C8FAC18353" box="[1336,1404,1891,1915]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1737,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1213,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1213,1716]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM of external appendages of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314: (A) complete ophicephalous pedicellaria from the edge of the test, (B) single valve of ophicephalous pedicellaria depicted in (A), (C) external and (D) internal view of tridentate pedicellaria from periproctal plate; and (E) SEM of primary tubercle from the oral side of the test. Scale bars for A-D are 10 µm and for (E) is 100 µm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279098/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Oral tubercles larger than adoral ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE5FFEC92F7F800FB398534" blockId="6.[151,1436,1891,2023]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,535]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Spines: Four
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AE8818FFE5FFED936EF807FE2A83EC" box="[348,407,1964,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of primary spines cover the test: aboral spines short, thick, distally serrated, with enlarged tip, sometimes club-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE5FFED93D3F864FD9583CF" box="[481,552,1999,2023]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1080,1103]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,201,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1059]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: miliary spines from (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; and primary spines from (C) aboral surface, (D) bourrelets, (E) oral surface, and (F) just under hood, near periproct. Scale bars are in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279097/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C); spines at bourrelets thick, serrated, slightly curved and with enlarged tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE4FFEC92ADFF3CFF588487" box="[159,229,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1080,1103]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,201,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1059]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: miliary spines from (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; and primary spines from (C) aboral surface, (D) bourrelets, (E) oral surface, and (F) just under hood, near periproct. Scale bars are in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279097/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D); oral spines near the edges are long, straight, smooth proximally, distally serrated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE4FFEC96FAFF3CFAB08487" box="[1224,1293,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1080,1103]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,201,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1059]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: miliary spines from (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; and primary spines from (C) aboral surface, (D) bourrelets, (E) oral surface, and (F) just under hood, near periproct. Scale bars are in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279097/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E) and positioned towards the center, partially covering the naked zone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE4FFEC9165FF17FC2084FC" box="[855,925,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,331,1922]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus infidus SMNH-Type- 4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA- 314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA- 757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA- 314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D); spines above periproct long and straight, covering the whole depression (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE4FFEC93CBFF74FD8684DF" box="[505,571,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,357,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,331,1922]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cassidulus infidus SMNH-Type- 4859 (holotype): (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; UFBA- 314: (C) aboral, (D) oral and (E) periproctal surface of largest specimen; UFBA- 757: (F) side view of test; and UFBA- 314: (G) oral surface of smallest specimen. Scale bars are 2 mm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279093/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E), and proximally serrated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE4FFEC9148FF74FC0184DF" box="[890,956,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1080,1103]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,201,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1059]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: miliary spines from (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; and primary spines from (C) aboral surface, (D) bourrelets, (E) oral surface, and (F) just under hood, near periproct. Scale bars are in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279097/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Miliary spines throughout the test small (aboral smaller than oral), serrated, widening distally where there is a crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE4FFEC91CFFEAFFB828534" box="[1021,1087,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1080,1103]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,201,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1059]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Drawings of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314 showing: miliary spines from (A) aboral and (B) oral surface; and primary spines from (C) aboral surface, (D) bourrelets, (E) oral surface, and (F) just under hood, near periproct. Scale bars are in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279097/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36BAFFE4FFEC92F7FE8CFF5D863F" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Pedicellariae: Ophicephalous pedicellariae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE4FFEC9083FE8CFD4E8568" box="[689,755,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1737,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1213,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1213,1716]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM of external appendages of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314: (A) complete ophicephalous pedicellaria from the edge of the test, (B) single valve of ophicephalous pedicellaria depicted in (A), (C) external and (D) internal view of tridentate pedicellaria from periproctal plate; and (E) SEM of primary tubercle from the oral side of the test. Scale bars for A-D are 10 µm and for (E) is 100 µm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279098/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B) sparsely distributed at aboral surface, but numerous on the margins. Coarse teeth only on blades; teeth on distal edge of blades longer and sharper than along its sides. Valves ending in a hook, which articulates with a hollow stalk, with a broad, smooth and circular neck. Tridentate pedicellariae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A3FFFE4FFEC9304FE3FFEC58584" box="[310,376,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1737,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1213,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1213,1716]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM of external appendages of Cassidulus infidus UFBA- 314: (A) complete ophicephalous pedicellaria from the edge of the test, (B) single valve of ophicephalous pedicellaria depicted in (A), (C) external and (D) internal view of tridentate pedicellaria from periproctal plate; and (E) SEM of primary tubercle from the oral side of the test. Scale bars for A-D are 10 µm and for (E) is 100 µm long." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279098/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D) only around the periproct and on periproctal plates. Three large tridentate valves (c. 200 μm in length) mounted on thick and small stalk (c. 235 μm in length). Valves widen distally and bear fine teeth on their distal edges, which interdigitate with those on adjacent valves. Globiferous and triphyllous pedicellariae not found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |