722 lines
89 KiB
XML
722 lines
89 KiB
XML
<document id="A9B122F130B11A7DD4E411B5203F560F" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065X-75.3.617" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13251327" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1723000028449" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Asano, Makoto" docDate="2021" docId="03AE4D53182EFFFCFD50FD52FC93FBA2" docLanguage="en" docName="TheColeopBull.75.3.617-628.pdf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 75 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-75.3.617" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F824235CA89CB83023C7D5789122F870.3:TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="F824235CA89CB83023C7D5789122F870" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Intybia pelegrini subsp. pelegrini" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="624" masterDocId="FF97352B182CFFF4FFB6FF8EFF92FF8A" masterDocTitle="Larval Structures and Bionomics of Two Species of the Genus Intybia Pascoe (Coleoptera: Melyridae: Malachiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="617" pageNumber="618" updateTime="1723000626199" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9D6CF6E23AB431E9681528C658027583">Larval Structures and Bionomics of Two Species of the Genus Intybia Pascoe (Coleoptera: Melyridae: Malachiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D1637E6F3E158B07C2C61B8D80A05B05" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0C8704F4F822ED315ADB5DD2277DC133">Asano, Makoto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="36FAB3E7E09132EA947FD08371CF85E1">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3DADCF6C85E069B29530C2E55282047F">
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<mods:date id="8FA7BF492AC0E990986EEE7AEEDC5D0B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3BE630D49F5540E3D5E5DA0182F6A1BF">2021-12-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F22DB1392F23E7AB95B8CC6F797F3A8C">75</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C61ADCC89589C823872CC3A223B8C160">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9B5D7B84B91A0779EB1B606302C76754">617</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="8313C2287756B05DF1912EA4AF47B32E">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-75.3.617</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="016DD161B63184CB6148F4D6DFB3D609">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="31819E70782177436CA3904C33988055" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065X-75.3.617</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E600A7506F35768926B746C6EDA197B9" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AE4D53182EFFFCFD50FD52FC93FBA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE4D53182EFFFCFD50FD52FC93FBA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE4D53182EFFFCFD50FD52FC93FBA2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="624" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">
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<subSubSection id="C31DAFCE182EFFF6FD50FD52FC7BFC95" pageId="2" pageNumber="618" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182EFFF6FD50FD52FBC9FD78" blockId="2.[742,1115,732,754]" box="[742,1115,732,754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">
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<heading id="D0F04B29182EFFF6FD50FD52FBC9FD78" box="[742,1115,732,754]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="618" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0787C6182EFFF6FD50FD52FBC9FD78" authority="(Pic, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Pic" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[742,1115,732,754]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pelegrini" subSpecies="pelegrini">
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<emphasis id="B9732057182EFFF6FD50FD52FBC9FD78" bold="true" box="[742,1115,732,754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">
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<emphasis id="B9732057182EFFF6FD50FD52FC7AFD78" bold="true" box="[742,1000,732,754]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">INTYBia pelegriNi pelegriNi</emphasis>
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(Pic, 1910)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182EFFF6FCE1FC84FC7BFC95" blockId="2.[809,1047,778,826]" box="[855,1001,778,799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">
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<heading id="D0F04B29182EFFF6FCE1FC84FC7BFC95" box="[855,1001,778,799]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="618" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B9732057182EFFF6FCE1FC84FC7BFC95" bold="true" box="[855,1001,778,799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">Mature Instar</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31DAFCE182EFFFCFC9FFCAAFC93FBA2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="624" pageId="2" pageNumber="618" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182EFFF6FC9FFCAAFB85FCB3" blockId="2.[809,1047,778,826]" box="[809,1047,804,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182EFFF6FC86FCAAFC13FCB3" box="[816,897,804,826]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[197,236,1774,1793]" captionTargetBox="[175,1193,195,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[173,1193,193,1747]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 17–18. Larval habitus. 17) Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 18) I. takaraensis. A–F show the locations of glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251333/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182EFFF6FC3DFCAAFB82FCB3" box="[907,1040,804,825]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[176,215,1656,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 19–25. Larval structures. 19) Head in dorsal view of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 20) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 21) Head in ventral view of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 22) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 23) Left antenna of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 24) Labrum of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 25) Left mandible of I. takaraensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">19, 21, 23, 24</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182EFFF6FD73FCC1FCF1FBE5" blockId="2.[684,1172,847,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">
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<emphasis id="B9732057182EFFF6FD73FCC1FC1BFCEF" bold="true" box="[709,905,847,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">Larval Coloration.</emphasis>
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Head capsule light brown except dark brown ventral part and black around stemmata, mandibles light brown except dark brown anterior margin, antennae and mouthparts light brown; legs translucent; thoracic tergites orange except for white anterior and posterior margins, pronotum with dark brown markings in middle and meso-metanota with white markings posteriorly; abdominal tergites I, II, III, VI and VII maroon, tergites IV, V and VIII creamy white; urogomphi black (
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182EFFF6FD58FBD4FCA0FBE5" box="[750,818,1114,1136]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,236,1357,1376]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,195,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-164@3.[173,1193,195,1331]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–7. Larval development of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini. 1) Eggs; 2) Third instar larva feeding on siblings; 3) Sixth instar larva; 4) Pupa; 5) Pupal third antennomere; 6) Abdominal sternites of female; 7) Adults feeding on dead chironomid larva. sp = spinae; s4 = abdominal sternite VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251329/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182EFFF6FC8BFBD4FCC5FBE5" box="[829,855,1114,1135]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[197,236,1774,1793]" captionTargetBox="[175,1193,195,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[173,1193,193,1747]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 17–18. Larval habitus. 17) Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 18) I. takaraensis. A–F show the locations of glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251333/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">17</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182EFFF7FD73FBFAFE9AF9E3" blockId="2.[684,1172,847,1722]" lastBlockId="3.[172,659,1487,1722]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="619" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">
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<emphasis id="B9732057182EFFF6FD73FBFAFC13FB00" bold="true" box="[709,897,1140,1162]" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">Larval Structure.</emphasis>
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Head capsule suboblong; frons with about 28 pairs of setae and 1 pair of pores; epicranial plate with about 28 pairs of setae (
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182EFFF6FD02FB4AFD6DFB53" box="[692,767,1220,1242]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[176,215,1656,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 19–25. Larval structures. 19) Head in dorsal view of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 20) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 21) Head in ventral view of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 22) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 23) Left antenna of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 24) Labrum of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 25) Left mandible of I. takaraensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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). Clypeus transverse, weakly pigmented. Labrum about 2.5 times as broad as long, 3 median and 2 short, thick setae along labro-epipharyngeal margin arranged as figured and 19 setae and 6 pores on antero-median region (
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182EFFF6FC29FAA1FC76FACE" box="[927,996,1327,1349]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[176,215,1656,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 19–25. Larval structures. 19) Head in dorsal view of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 20) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 21) Head in ventral view of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 22) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 23) Left antenna of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 24) Labrum of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 25) Left mandible of I. takaraensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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). Number of stemmata 4; anterior 3 arranged in transverse row. Antenna 3-segmented; antennomere II with conical sensorium, 3 setae and 1 pore; III with 1 long seta, 4 short setae and 1 pore (
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182EFFF6FC17FA14FC7BFA25" box="[929,1001,1433,1456]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[176,215,1656,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 19–25. Larval structures. 19) Head in dorsal view of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 20) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 21) Head in ventral view of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 22) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 23) Left antenna of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 24) Labrum of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 25) Left mandible of I. takaraensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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). Mandibles each with distinct teeth on cutting edge; ventral margin ridged and provided with single tooth, which is cleft at apex; external face with 3 long setae and 1 short seta (
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182EFFF6FD55F98AFCBCF993" box="[739,814,1540,1562]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[176,215,1656,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 19–25. Larval structures. 19) Head in dorsal view of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 20) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 21) Head in ventral view of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 22) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 23) Left antenna of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 24) Labrum of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 25) Left mandible of I. takaraensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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). Maxillary palpi 3-segmented, palpomere I with 1 short seta, II with 3 short setae along apical margin, III slightly longer than preceding, with 1 short seta and pore at middle (
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182EFFF6FB89F9DAFB1AF9E3" box="[1087,1160,1620,1642]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[176,215,1656,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 19–25. Larval structures. 19) Head in dorsal view of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 20) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 21) Head in ventral view of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 22) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 23) Left antenna of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 24) Labrum of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 25) Left mandible of I. takaraensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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). Labial palpi 2-segmented, palpomere I with 1 short seta and pore, II slightly longer than preceding, with 1 pore at middle (
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182EFFF6FCD3F92AFC23F933" box="[869,945,1700,1722]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[176,215,1656,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 19–25. Larval structures. 19) Head in dorsal view of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 20) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 21) Head in ventral view of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 22) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 23) Left antenna of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 24) Labrum of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 25) Left mandible of I. takaraensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="618">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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). Maxillary stipes and postmentum distinctly visible, the former bearing 19 setae and 2 pores, the latter 7 pairs of setae and 1 pair of pores, and 5 pairs of setae on peripheral membrane (
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182FFFF7FEA9F991FEF5F9BE" box="[287,359,1567,1589]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[176,215,1656,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 19–25. Larval structures. 19) Head in dorsal view of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 20) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 21) Head in ventral view of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 22) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 23) Left antenna of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 24) Labrum of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 25) Left mandible of I. takaraensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251335/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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). Cardo invaginated behind stipes, only basal border with 2 setae seen ventrally (
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<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182FFFF7FF02F9DAFF6EF9E3" box="[180,252,1620,1642]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[176,215,1656,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1171,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 19–25. Larval structures. 19) Head in dorsal view of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 20) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 21) Head in ventral view of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 22) Ditto of I. takaraensis; 23) Left antenna of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 24) Labrum of I. pelegrini pelegrini; 25) Left mandible of I. takaraensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251335/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF78ACCD182FFFF7FF73FAC3FD32FA1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13251329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251329/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="619" startId="3.[197,236,1357,1376]" targetBox="[173,1193,195,1330]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182FFFF7FF73FAC3FD32FA1B" blockId="3.[173,1193,1357,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">
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<emphasis id="B9732057182FFFF7FF73FAC3FE8FFAEA" bold="true" box="[197,285,1357,1376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">Figs. 1–7.</emphasis>
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Larval development of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0787C6182FFFF7FDB6FAC3FD74FAEA" baseAuthorityName="Pic" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[512,742,1357,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pelegrini" subSpecies="pelegrini">
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<emphasis id="B9732057182FFFF7FDB6FAC3FD74FAEA" box="[512,742,1357,1376]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">Intybia pelegrini pelegrini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9732057182FFFF7FD44FAC3FC96FAEA" bold="true" box="[754,772,1357,1376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">1)</emphasis>
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Eggs;
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<emphasis id="B9732057182FFFF7FCF5FAC3FCC7FAEA" bold="true" box="[835,853,1357,1376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">2)</emphasis>
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Third instar larva feeding on siblings;
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<emphasis id="B9732057182FFFF7FF1BFAEBFF2DFAF2" bold="true" box="[173,191,1381,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">3)</emphasis>
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Sixth instar larva;
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<emphasis id="B9732057182FFFF7FED4FAEBFEE6FAF2" bold="true" box="[354,372,1381,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">4)</emphasis>
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Pupa;
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<emphasis id="B9732057182FFFF7FE06FAEBFE50FAF2" bold="true" box="[432,450,1381,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">5)</emphasis>
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Pupal third antennomere;
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<emphasis id="B9732057182FFFF7FD13FAEBFD25FAF2" bold="true" box="[677,695,1381,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">6)</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal sternites of female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182FFFF7FC7DFAEBFC4EFAF2" bold="true" box="[971,988,1381,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">7)</emphasis>
|
||
Adults feeding on dead chironomid larva. sp = spinae; s4 = abdominal sternite VI.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182FFFF3FF73F9E1FE3BFC58" blockId="3.[172,659,1487,1722]" lastBlockId="7.[172,660,796,1725]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="623" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">
|
||
Thorax smooth and covered with short setae over entire surface, with 1 pair of glands with short duct and balloon-like sac on each segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182FFFF7FDDCF92AFD4CFA6E" box="[618,734,1487,1722]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[197,236,1774,1793]" captionTargetBox="[175,1193,195,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[173,1193,193,1747]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 17–18. Larval habitus. 17) Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 18) I. takaraensis. A–F show the locations of glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="619">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum about 1.8 times as broad as long, about 1.4 times as broad as head, with 2 pairs of pigmented areas as follows: larger, elongate medi- an pair and crescent-shaped lateral ones; pronotum bearing 4 pairs of long setae on the antero-lateral portions, 2 pairs of long setae on the basal portion, 3 pairs of long setae and 1 pair of glands (A) on the middle. Meso- and metanota subequal in width, each with 1 pair of pigmented areas near base. Mesonotum bearing 4 pairs of long setae on the antero-lateral portions, 1 pair of long setae on the basal portion, and 1 pair of glands (B) on the middle. Metanotum bearing 2 pairs of long setae on the antero-lateral portions, 1 pair of long setae on the basal portion and 1 pair of long setae and glands (C) on the middle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF78ACCD1828FFF0FF06F90EFDB9F94E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251331" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13251331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251331/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="620" startId="4.[176,215,1664,1683]" targetBox="[151,1171,193,1637]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC451828FFF0FF06F90EFDB9F94E" blockId="4.[152,1171,1664,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="620">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571828FFF0FF06F90EFE82F919" bold="true" box="[176,272,1664,1683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="620">Figs. 8–16.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval development of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571828FFF0FE5AF90EFD05F919" box="[492,663,1664,1683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="620">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61828FFF0FE5AF90EFD01F919" baseAuthorityName="Nakane" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[492,659,1664,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takaraensis">Intybia takaraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571828FFF0FD2CF90EFD53F919" bold="true" box="[666,705,1664,1683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="620">8–9)</emphasis>
|
||
Precopulatory behavior;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571828FFF0FC2FF90EFC27F919" bold="true" box="[921,949,1664,1683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="620">10)</emphasis>
|
||
Mating;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571828FFF0FBB5F90EFB8CF919" bold="true" box="[1027,1054,1664,1683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="620">11)</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs oviposited between the leaf veins of dead leaf;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571828FFF0FE4BF916FD8BF921" bold="true" box="[509,537,1688,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="620">12)</emphasis>
|
||
Ditto, pellicle removed;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571828FFF0FD43F916FC83F921" bold="true" box="[757,785,1688,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="620">13)</emphasis>
|
||
Second instar larvae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571828FFF0FC63F916FC63F921" bold="true" box="[981,1009,1688,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="620">14)</emphasis>
|
||
Sixth instar larva;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571828FFF0FF2EF93EFF26F949" bold="true" box="[152,180,1712,1731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="620">15)</emphasis>
|
||
Sixth instar larva on sand grains;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571828FFF0FE61F93EFE66F949" bold="true" box="[471,500,1712,1731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="620">16)</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF78ACCD1829FFF1FF73F960FB0CF88B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13251333" box="[197,1182,1774,1793]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251333/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="621" startId="5.[197,236,1774,1793]" targetBox="[175,1193,195,1746]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC451829FFF1FF73F960FB0CF88B" blockId="5.[197,1182,1774,1793]" box="[197,1182,1774,1793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="621">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571829FFF1FF73F960FEA3F88B" bold="true" box="[197,305,1774,1793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="621">Figs. 17–18.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval habitus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571829FFF1FE7DF960FE75F88B" bold="true" box="[459,487,1774,1793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="621">17)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61829FFF1FE5BF960FD5CF88B" baseAuthorityName="Pic" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[493,718,1774,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pelegrini" subSpecies="pelegrini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571829FFF1FE5BF960FD5CF88B" box="[493,718,1774,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="621">Intybia pelegrini pelegrini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571829FFF1FD6FF960FD67F88B" bold="true" box="[729,757,1774,1793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="621">18)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61829FFF1FD4DF961FCFDF88B" baseAuthorityName="Nakane" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[763,879,1774,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takaraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571829FFF1FD4DF961FCFDF88B" box="[763,879,1774,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="621">I. takaraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–F show the locations of glands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF78ACCD182AFFF2FF06F9F6FC94F936" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13251335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="622" startId="6.[176,215,1656,1675]" targetBox="[151,1171,193,1629]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182AFFF2FF06F9F6FC94F936" blockId="6.[152,1171,1656,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FF06F9F6FE8EF901" bold="true" box="[176,284,1656,1675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">Figs. 19–25.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval structures.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FE78F9F6FE78F901" bold="true" box="[462,490,1656,1675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">19)</emphasis>
|
||
Head in dorsal view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C6182AFFF2FD0AF9F6FC0DF901" baseAuthorityName="Pic" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[700,927,1656,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pelegrini" subSpecies="pelegrini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FD0AF9F6FC0DF901" box="[700,927,1656,1675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">Intybia pelegrini pelegrini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FC1DF9F6FC5AF901" bold="true" box="[939,968,1656,1675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">20)</emphasis>
|
||
Ditto of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C6182AFFF2FBAEF9F7FB1EF901" baseAuthorityName="Nakane" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1048,1164,1656,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takaraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FBAEF9F7FB8DF901" box="[1048,1055,1657,1675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FB9CF9F6FB1EF901" box="[1066,1164,1656,1675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">takaraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FF2EF91EFF26F929" bold="true" box="[152,180,1680,1699]" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">21)</emphasis>
|
||
Head in ventral view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C6182AFFF2FE3CF91FFDA9F929" baseAuthorityName="Pic" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[394,571,1680,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pelegrini" subSpecies="pelegrini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FE3CF91FFE03F929" box="[394,401,1681,1699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FE2AF91EFDA9F929" box="[412,571,1680,1699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">pelegrini pelegrini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FDF1F91EFDF1F929" bold="true" box="[583,611,1680,1699]" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">22)</emphasis>
|
||
Ditto of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C6182AFFF2FD07F91FFCB7F929" baseAuthorityName="Nakane" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[689,805,1680,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takaraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FD07F91FFD2AF929" box="[689,696,1681,1699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FD75F91EFCB7F929" box="[707,805,1680,1699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">takaraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FC87F91EFCDFF929" bold="true" box="[817,845,1680,1699]" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">23)</emphasis>
|
||
Left antenna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C6182AFFF2FC6DF91FFB1FF929" baseAuthorityName="Pic" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[987,1165,1680,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pelegrini" subSpecies="pelegrini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FC6DF91FFC70F929" box="[987,994,1681,1699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FC5BF91EFB1FF929" box="[1005,1165,1680,1699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">pelegrini pelegrini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FF2EF926FF26F931" bold="true" box="[152,180,1704,1723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">24)</emphasis>
|
||
Labrum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C6182AFFF2FEACF927FE59F931" baseAuthorityName="Pic" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[282,459,1704,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pelegrini" subSpecies="pelegrini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FEACF927FEB3F931" box="[282,289,1705,1723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FE9AF926FE59F931" box="[300,459,1704,1723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">pelegrini pelegrini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FE60F926FE61F931" bold="true" box="[470,499,1704,1723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">25)</emphasis>
|
||
Left mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C6182AFFF2FD3BF927FC92F931" baseAuthorityName="Nakane" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[653,768,1704,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takaraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FD3BF927FD06F931" box="[653,660,1705,1723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182AFFF2FD28F926FC92F931" box="[670,768,1704,1723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="622">takaraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF78ACCD182BFFF3FF71FF4CFCF9FF5F" box="[199,875,193,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623" startId="7.[199,249,194,213]" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182BFFF3FF71FF4CFCF9FF5F" blockId="7.[199,875,193,213]" box="[199,875,193,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FF71FF4CFE9CFF5E" bold="true" box="[199,270,193,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Ovipositions per female and egg stage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C6182BFFF3FD33FF4CFCF4FF5F" baseAuthorityName="Pic" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[645,870,194,213]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pelegrini" subSpecies="pelegrini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FD33FF4CFCF4FF5F" box="[645,870,194,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Intybia pelegrini pelegrini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182BFFF3FF1BFF60FBFCFD50" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<table id="F9070EE5182B000BFF1BFF60FB01FD50" box="[173,1171,238,730]" gridcols="6" gridrows="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFF60FB01FE8B" box="[173,1171,238,257]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFF60FB01FE8B" box="[173,1171,238,257]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FF1BFF60FD18FE8B" bold="true" box="[173,650,238,257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">A) Specimen A1 (in captivity 3 June–1 August 2019).</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFE9CFB01FEAF" box="[173,1171,274,293]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="623" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFE9CFE85FEAF" box="[173,279,274,293]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FF1BFE9CFE85FEAF" bold="true" box="[173,279,274,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Oviposition</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FE9CFD38FEAF" box="[545,682,274,293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FD95FE9CFD3AFEAF" bold="true" box="[547,680,274,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Duration since</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFE9CFB01FEAF" box="[1084,1171,274,293]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FB8AFE9CFB01FEAF" bold="true" box="[1084,1171,274,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Egg stage</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFEA4FB01FEB7" box="[173,1171,298,317]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFEA4FE85FEB7" box="[173,279,298,317]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FF1BFEA4FF4CFEB7" bold="true" box="[173,222,298,317]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">event</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FEA4FE64FEB7" box="[352,502,298,317]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FED6FEA4FE64FEB7" bold="true" box="[352,502,298,317]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Oviposition date</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FEA4FD38FEB7" box="[545,682,298,317]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FD97FEA4FD38FEB7" bold="true" box="[545,682,298,317]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">last oviposition</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FEA4FCD8FEB7" box="[742,842,298,317]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FD50FEA4FCD8FEB7" bold="true" box="[742,842,298,317]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Clutch size</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FEA4FB9DFEB7" box="[902,1039,298,317]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FC31FEA4FB9DFEB7" bold="true" box="[903,1039,298,317]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Egg hatch date</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFEA4FB01FEB7" box="[1084,1171,298,317]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FBF6FEA4FB1DFEB7" bold="true" box="[1088,1167,298,317]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">duration</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFEC5FB01FED5" box="[173,1171,331,351]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFEC5FE85FED5" box="[173,279,331,351]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">1</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FEC5FE64FED5" box="[352,502,331,351]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">4 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FEC5FD38FED5" box="[545,682,331,351]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FEC5FCD8FED5" box="[742,842,331,351]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FEC5FB9DFED5" box="[902,1039,331,351]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">10 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFEC5FB01FED5" box="[1084,1171,331,351]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFEECFB01FEFF" box="[173,1171,354,373]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFEECFE85FEFF" box="[173,279,354,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">2</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FEECFE64FEFF" box="[352,502,354,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">9 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FEECFD38FEFF" box="[545,682,354,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FEECFCD8FEFF" box="[742,842,354,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">13</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FEECFB9DFEFF" box="[902,1039,354,373]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">16 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFEECFB01FEFF" box="[1084,1171,354,373]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFEF7FB01FE06" box="[173,1171,377,396]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFEF7FE85FE06" box="[173,279,377,396]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">3</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FEF7FE64FE06" box="[352,502,377,396]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">17 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FEF7FD38FE06" box="[545,682,377,396]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FEF7FCD8FE06" box="[742,842,377,396]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FEF7FB9DFE06" box="[902,1039,377,396]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">24 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFEF7FB01FE06" box="[1084,1171,377,396]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFE1EFB01FE29" box="[173,1171,400,419]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFE1EFE85FE29" box="[173,279,400,419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">4</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FE1EFE64FE29" box="[352,502,400,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">22 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FE1EFD38FE29" box="[545,682,400,419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FE1EFCD8FE29" box="[742,842,400,419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">13</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FE1EFB9DFE29" box="[902,1039,400,419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">29 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFE1EFB01FE29" box="[1084,1171,400,419]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFE28FB01FE30" box="[173,1171,422,442]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFE28FE85FE30" box="[173,279,422,442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">5</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FE28FE64FE30" box="[352,502,422,442]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">27 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FE28FD38FE30" box="[545,682,422,442]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FE28FCD8FE30" box="[742,842,422,442]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">13</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FE28FB9DFE30" box="[902,1039,422,442]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">3 July</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFE28FB01FE30" box="[1084,1171,422,442]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFE33FB01FE5B" box="[173,1171,445,465]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFE33FE85FE5B" box="[173,279,445,465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FE33FE64FE5B" box="[352,502,445,465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">1 July</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FE33FD38FE5B" box="[545,682,445,465]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FE33FCD8FE5B" box="[742,842,445,465]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FE33FB9DFE5B" box="[902,1039,445,465]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">7 July</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFE33FB01FE5B" box="[1084,1171,445,465]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFE5AFB01FE6D" box="[173,1171,468,487]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFE5AFE85FE6D" box="[173,279,468,487]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">7</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FE5AFE64FE6D" box="[352,502,468,487]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">6 July</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FE5AFD38FE6D" box="[545,682,468,487]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FE5AFCD8FE6D" box="[742,842,468,487]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">13</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FE5AFB9DFE6D" box="[902,1039,468,487]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">13 July</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFE5AFB01FE6D" box="[1084,1171,468,487]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFE76FB01FD81" box="[173,1171,504,523]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFE76FB01FD81" box="[173,1171,504,523]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FF1BFE76FD1BFD81" bold="true" box="[173,649,504,523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">B) Specimen A2 (in captivity 3 June–7 August 2019).</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFD95FB01FDA5" box="[173,1171,539,559]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="623" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFD95FE85FDA5" box="[173,279,539,559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FF1BFD95FE85FDA4" bold="true" box="[173,279,539,558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Oviposition</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FD95FD38FDA5" box="[545,682,539,559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FD95FD95FD3AFDA4" bold="true" box="[547,680,539,558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Duration since</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFD95FB01FDA5" box="[1084,1171,539,559]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FB8AFD92FB01FDA5" bold="true" box="[1084,1171,540,559]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Egg stage</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFDBDFB01FDCD" box="[173,1171,563,583]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFDBDFE85FDCD" box="[173,279,563,583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FF1BFDBAFF4CFDCD" bold="true" box="[173,222,564,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">event</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FDBDFE64FDCD" box="[352,502,563,583]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FED6FDBDFE64FDCD" bold="true" box="[352,502,563,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Oviposition date</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FDBDFD38FDCD" box="[545,682,563,583]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FD97FDBAFD38FDCC" bold="true" box="[545,682,563,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">last oviposition</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FDBDFCD8FDCD" box="[742,842,563,583]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FD50FDBDFCD8FDCC" bold="true" box="[742,842,563,582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Clutch size</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FDBDFB9DFDCD" box="[902,1039,563,583]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FC30FDBAFB9DFDCD" bold="true" box="[902,1039,564,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Egg hatch date</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFDBDFB01FDCD" box="[1084,1171,563,583]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FBF6FDBDFB1DFDCC" bold="true" box="[1088,1167,563,582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">duration</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFDDBFB01FDE2" box="[173,1171,597,616]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFDDBFE85FDE2" box="[173,279,597,616]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">1</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FDDBFE64FDE2" box="[352,502,597,616]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">7 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FDDBFD38FDE2" box="[545,682,597,616]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FDDBFCD8FDE2" box="[742,842,597,616]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">14</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FDDBFB9DFDE2" box="[902,1039,597,616]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">14 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFDDBFB01FDE2" box="[1084,1171,597,616]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFDE2FB01FDF5" box="[173,1171,620,639]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFDE2FE85FDF5" box="[173,279,620,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">2</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FDE2FE64FDF5" box="[352,502,620,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">15 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FDE2FD38FDF5" box="[545,682,620,639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FDE2FCD8FDF5" box="[742,842,620,639]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">12</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FDE2FB9DFDF5" box="[902,1039,620,639]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">21 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFDE2FB01FDF5" box="[1084,1171,620,639]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFD0CFB01FD1C" box="[173,1171,642,662]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFD0CFE85FD1C" box="[173,279,642,662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">3</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FD0CFE64FD1C" box="[352,502,642,662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">20 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FD0CFD38FD1C" box="[545,682,642,662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FD0CFCD8FD1C" box="[742,842,642,662]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FD0CFB9DFD1C" box="[902,1039,642,662]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">26 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFD0CFB01FD1C" box="[1084,1171,642,662]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFD17FB01FD27" box="[173,1171,665,685]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFD17FE85FD27" box="[173,279,665,685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">4</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FD17FE64FD27" box="[352,502,665,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">25 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FD17FD38FD27" box="[545,682,665,685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FD17FCD8FD27" box="[742,842,665,685]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FD17FB9DFD27" box="[902,1039,665,685]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">2 July</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFD17FB01FD27" box="[1084,1171,665,685]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFD3EFB01FD4E" box="[173,1171,688,708]" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFD3EFE85FD4E" box="[173,279,688,708]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">5</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FD3EFE64FD4E" box="[352,502,688,708]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">29 June</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FD3EFD38FD4E" box="[545,682,688,708]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FD3EFCD8FD4E" box="[742,842,688,708]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">19</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FD3EFB9DFD4E" box="[902,1039,688,708]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">5 July</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFD3EFB01FD4E" box="[1084,1171,688,708]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE07182B000BFF1BFD49FB01FD50" box="[173,1171,711,730]" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B182B000BFF1BFD49FE85FD50" box="[173,279,711,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFED6FD49FE64FD50" box="[352,502,711,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">4 July</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD97FD49FD38FD50" box="[545,682,711,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFD50FD49FCD8FD50" box="[742,842,711,730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">6</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFC30FD49FB9DFD50" box="[902,1039,711,730]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">11 July</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B182B000BFB8AFD49FB01FD50" box="[1084,1171,711,730]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182BFFF3FF73FC59FD06FB2C" blockId="7.[172,660,796,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
Abdomen smooth and covered with short setae over entire surface, 9-segmented, widest at segments IV and V, thence slightly narrowed posteriorly; each segment with 1 pair of long setae and glands (D) on the middle, with 2 pairs of long setae and 1 pair of glands (E) on lateral portions. Urogomphi subparallel, strongly curved upwards, bearing numerous long setae and 1 pair of glands (F) on the antero-lateral portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182BFFF3FDFEFB1FFD1BFB2C" box="[584,649,1169,1191]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[197,236,1774,1793]" captionTargetBox="[175,1193,195,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[173,1193,193,1747]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 17–18. Larval habitus. 17) Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 18) I. takaraensis. A–F show the locations of glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251333/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182BFFF3FF73FB22FD00FB56" blockId="7.[172,660,796,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
Legs elongate and slender; femora and tibiae with dense setae. Claw slender, with a short seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182BFFF3FDF4FB49FD14FB56" box="[578,646,1223,1245]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[197,236,1774,1793]" captionTargetBox="[175,1193,195,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[173,1193,193,1747]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 17–18. Larval habitus. 17) Intybia pelegrini pelegrini; 18) I. takaraensis. A–F show the locations of glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251333/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182BFFF3FF73FB6FFED0FAA6" blockId="7.[172,660,796,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FF73FB6FFE35FB7C" bold="true" box="[197,423,1249,1271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Measurements in mm</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FE00FB6CFE50FB7D" box="[438,450,1250,1271]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). BL: 6.15; BW: 1.30; HL: 0.70; HW: 0.57; PL: 0.45; PW: 0.81; TL: 0.70; UL: 0.72.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182BFFF3FF73FABFFC68FB06" blockId="7.[172,660,796,1725]" lastBlockId="7.[705,1193,796,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FF73FABFFDD5FACD" bold="true" box="[197,583,1329,1351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Larval Development and Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults were collected from the leaves and ears of reeds using a sweep net at an estuary. Adults moved rapidly among the leaves of the reeds.Adult specimens were maintained in captivity, where the oviposition behavior of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0137CC182BFFF3FF5CFA39FECCFA47" box="[234,350,1463,1485]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="623" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
could be closely observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182BFFF3FDDBFA39FF29FA6D" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,236,1357,1376]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,195,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-164@3.[173,1193,195,1331]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–7. Larval development of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini. 1) Eggs; 2) Third instar larva feeding on siblings; 3) Sixth instar larva; 4) Pupa; 5) Pupal third antennomere; 6) Abdominal sternites of female; 7) Adults feeding on dead chironomid larva. sp = spinae; s4 = abdominal sternite VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). These females continually oviposited from 4 June to 6 July at intervals of 4–8 days. The adult specimen A1 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C685C9FE182BFFF3FF6FF989FEA4F996" box="[217,310,1543,1565]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="7.[199,249,194,213]" captionText="Table 1. Ovipositions per female and egg stage of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini." pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Table 1A</tableCitation>
|
||
) oviposited seven times, laying
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0137CC182BFFF3FDCFF989FF49F9BD" count="74" pageId="7" pageNumber="623" type="egg">74 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
; clutch sizes were 5–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0137CC182BFFF3FE1BF9AFFE64F9BD" box="[429,502,1569,1591]" count="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="623" type="egg">13 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FDB1F9ACFD81F9BD" box="[519,531,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7, mean = 10.5), and the periods of the egg stage were 6–7 days (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FF03F9D9FF53F9E6" box="[181,193,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7, mean = 6.6). Specimen A2 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C685C9FE182BFFF3FE5DF9D9FDD2F9E6" box="[491,576,1623,1645]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="7.[199,249,194,213]" captionText="Table 1. Ovipositions per female and egg stage of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini." pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Table 1B</tableCitation>
|
||
) oviposited six times, laying
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0137CC182BFFF3FEC7F9FFFE28F90D" box="[369,442,1649,1671]" count="69" pageId="7" pageNumber="623" type="egg">69 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
, clutch sizes were 6–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0137CC182BFFF3FDCBF9FFFF4AF92B" count="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="623" type="egg">19 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FF5EF903FF66F928" box="[232,244,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6, mean = 11.5), and the periods of the egg stage were 6–7 days (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9732057182BFFF3FE76F929FE5EF936" box="[448,460,1703,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6, mean = 6.5). Eggs were not covered by any substance but were laid in clusters on the surface of the leaves or within leaf sheaths of the dead reeds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182BFFF3FC68FCDFFB86FCEC" box="[990,1044,849,871]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,236,1357,1376]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,195,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-164@3.[173,1193,195,1331]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–7. Larval development of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini. 1) Eggs; 2) Third instar larva feeding on siblings; 3) Sixth instar larva; 4) Pupa; 5) Pupal third antennomere; 6) Abdominal sternites of female; 7) Adults feeding on dead chironomid larva. sp = spinae; s4 = abdominal sternite VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The abdomen of egg-bearing females was distended with eggs. Their abdominal tergites II–VI and sternites IV–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182BFFF3FD7FFC2FFC91FC3D" box="[713,771,929,951]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,236,1357,1376]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,195,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-164@3.[173,1193,195,1331]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–7. Larval development of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini. 1) Eggs; 2) Third instar larva feeding on siblings; 3) Sixth instar larva; 4) Pupa; 5) Pupal third antennomere; 6) Abdominal sternites of female; 7) Adults feeding on dead chironomid larva. sp = spinae; s4 = abdominal sternite VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) are mostly membranous and partly sclero- tized as small plates.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0137CC182BFFF3FC3BFC32FC6CFC58" box="[909,1022,956,978]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="623" type="female">One female</specimenCount>
|
||
, who lived until 7 August, made her final oviposition on 6 July. During the time period from 6 July to 7 August, this female did not oviposit, even though she was provided with a new mate because of the death of her first mate. In general, adults lived a long life, with a maximum longevity of 197 days in captivity, feeding only on dead chironomid larvae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133CE0C0182BFFF3FC04FBF9FC7FFB06" box="[946,1005,1143,1165]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,236,1357,1376]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,195,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-164@3.[173,1193,195,1331]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–7. Larval development of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini. 1) Eggs; 2) Third instar larva feeding on siblings; 3) Sixth instar larva; 4) Pupa; 5) Pupal third antennomere; 6) Abdominal sternites of female; 7) Adults feeding on dead chironomid larva. sp = spinae; s4 = abdominal sternite VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC45182BFFFCFD6DFB1FFDE4F9F9" blockId="7.[705,1193,796,1725]" lastBlockId="8.[151,639,722,1731]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="624" pageId="7" pageNumber="623">
|
||
On average, eggs hatched 6.5 days after oviposition, and they underwent two instars of foetomorphic larval stage. The embryos grew much larger immediately before egg burst. The eggs of the same clusters began to burst simultaneously. The first instars ruptured and removed the thin chorion around the head and thorax using egg bursters, then the larvae partly wriggled free, but the abdomen remained hidden within the chorion for another day. The larvae were inactive and non-feeding during this stage. They did not walk; however, they had wriggled out sufficiently to expose the front half of the body to the air. The yolk was still present immediately after hatching. The first molt generally began one day after hatching, whereas the larval abdomen remained concealed in the chorion. Second instar larvae were also inactive and non-feeding and remained so for one or two days. The first larval cuticles that were shed contracted at the bottom of the chorion. The second molt generally began two or three days after hatching. Once the third instar larvae emerged from the chorion completely, they began walking and feeding. Third instar larvae consumed their unhatched siblings as well as dead eggs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133CE0C01824FFFCFEFBFCACFE1AFCBD" box="[333,392,802,824]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,236,1357,1376]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,195,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-164@3.[173,1193,195,1331]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–7. Larval development of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini. 1) Eggs; 2) Third instar larva feeding on siblings; 3) Sixth instar larva; 4) Pupa; 5) Pupal third antennomere; 6) Abdominal sternites of female; 7) Adults feeding on dead chironomid larva. sp = spinae; s4 = abdominal sternite VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251329/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The third molt occurred 23 days after hatching. Fourth instar larvae consumed dead chironomid larvae that were provided for them; it is believed that they feed on small cohabiting arthropods in nature. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), larvae of pyralid moths (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61824FFFCFF28FC4CFE85FC52" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[158,279,962,984]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61824FFFCFE81FC4CFE04FC52" box="[311,406,962,984]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), larvae of wasps (Hymenoptera) and flies (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61824FFFCFE65FC53FDB2FC79" box="[467,544,989,1011]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
), thrips (Thysanoptera) and larvae of clerid beetles (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61824FFFCFF29FB9CFE9CFBA2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[159,270,1042,1064]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61824FFFCFEAFFB9CFEFEFBA2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[281,364,1042,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cleridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were found on dead reeds growing in the study area. Thereafter, the growth of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0137CC1824FFFCFF0CFBC9FEB0FBD7" box="[186,290,1095,1117]" count="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" type="larva">four larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
which fed only on dead chironomid larvae was closely observed (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C685C9FE1824FFFCFE0BFBECFD99FBFD" box="[445,523,1122,1144]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[175,225,194,213]" captionText="Table 2. Larval development of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini." pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), and these underwent five larval molts prior to pupation. Specimen L1 was oviposited on
|
||
<date id="FFB9DA851824FFFCFE6BFB16FDC0FB27" box="[477,594,1175,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" value="2019-07-01">1 July 2019</date>
|
||
and became a final instar 43 days later. Specimen L2 was also oviposited on
|
||
<date id="FFB9DA851824FFFCFEC8FB43FE62FB68" box="[382,496,1229,1251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" value="2019-07-01">1 July 2019</date>
|
||
and became a final instar 45 days later; it then suddenly grew fat, pupated at 58 days and eclosed as an adult male on day 64. Specimen L3 was oviposited on
|
||
<date id="FFB9DA851824FFFCFD82FA93FF58FAC6" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" value="2019-07-25">25 July 2019</date>
|
||
, pupated 49 days later and eclosed as an adult female on day 55. Specimen L4 was oviposited on
|
||
<date id="FFB9DA851824FFFCFF2EFAE3FE82FA08" box="[152,272,1389,1411]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" value="2019-07-25">25 July 2019</date>
|
||
and became a final instar 56 days later; however, pupation of this individual was delayed as the larva kept consuming food and grew fat, passing the winter in the larval state, pupated on
|
||
<date id="FFB9DA851824FFFCFD86FA33FF5AFA67" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" value="2020-05-13">13 May 2020</date>
|
||
and eclosed as an adult male on
|
||
<date id="FFB9DA851824FFFCFE4CFA56FDE9FA67" box="[506,635,1496,1517]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" value="2020-05-23">23 May 2020</date>
|
||
. In the field, a mature larva was found on stems of dead reeds on 10 May (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133CE0C01824FFFCFE3DF983FE5AF9A8" box="[395,456,1549,1571]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,236,1357,1376]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,195,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-164@3.[173,1193,195,1331]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–7. Larval development of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini. 1) Eggs; 2) Third instar larva feeding on siblings; 3) Sixth instar larva; 4) Pupa; 5) Pupal third antennomere; 6) Abdominal sternites of female; 7) Adults feeding on dead chironomid larva. sp = spinae; s4 = abdominal sternite VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251329/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pupal stage lasted for seven to ten days (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133CE0C01824FFFCFE0FF9A9FE65F9B7" box="[441,503,1575,1597]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,236,1357,1376]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,195,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-164@3.[173,1193,195,1331]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–7. Larval development of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini. 1) Eggs; 2) Third instar larva feeding on siblings; 3) Sixth instar larva; 4) Pupa; 5) Pupal third antennomere; 6) Abdominal sternites of female; 7) Adults feeding on dead chironomid larva. sp = spinae; s4 = abdominal sternite VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251329/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pupae were sexually dimorphic; male pupae had expanded third antennomeres with numerous spinae (sp) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133CE0C01824FFFCFD98F9D3FDFBF9F9" box="[558,617,1629,1651]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,236,1357,1376]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,195,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-164@3.[173,1193,195,1331]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1–7. Larval development of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini. 1) Eggs; 2) Third instar larva feeding on siblings; 3) Sixth instar larva; 4) Pupa; 5) Pupal third antennomere; 6) Abdominal sternites of female; 7) Adults feeding on dead chironomid larva. sp = spinae; s4 = abdominal sternite VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13251329/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF78ACCD1824FFFCFF19FF4CFD29FF5F" box="[175,699,193,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" startId="8.[175,225,194,213]" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC451824FFFCFF19FF4CFD29FF5F" blockId="8.[175,699,193,213]" box="[175,699,193,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFF19FF4CFF64FF5E" bold="true" box="[175,246,193,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval development of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61824FFFCFE62FF4CFD24FF5F" baseAuthorityName="Pic" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[468,694,194,213]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Intybia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pelegrini" subSpecies="pelegrini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFE62FF4CFD24FF5F" box="[468,694,194,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Intybia pelegrini pelegrini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC451824FFFCFF10FF78FBE3FD0A" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<table id="F9070EE51824000BFF2EFF78FB02FD0B" box="[152,1168,246,641]" gridcols="9" gridrows="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFF78FB02FE83" box="[152,1168,246,265]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFF78FE90FE83" box="[152,258,246,265]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFF10FF78FE90FE83" bold="true" box="[166,258,246,265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Specimens</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFF78FE7AFE83" box="[280,488,246,265]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFEC0FF78FE1CFE83" bold="true" box="[374,398,246,265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">L1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFF78FD58FE83" box="[508,714,246,265]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFDE1FF78FDFDFE83" bold="true" box="[599,623,246,265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">L2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FF78FCC1FE83" box="[738,851,246,265]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFC8DFF78FCC1FE83" bold="true" box="[827,851,246,265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">L3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FF78FBA7FE83" box="[962,1077,246,265]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFBABFF78FBA7FE83" bold="true" box="[1053,1077,246,265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">L4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFEAFFB02FEBE" box="[152,1168,289,308]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFEAFFE7AFEBE" box="[280,488,289,308]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFE2EFEAFFE7AFEBE" bold="true" box="[408,488,289,308]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Duration</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFEAFFD58FEBE" box="[508,714,289,308]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFDCCFEAFFD58FEBE" bold="true" box="[634,714,289,308]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Duration</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FEAFFC22FEBE" box="[864,944,289,308]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFCD6FEAFFC22FEBE" bold="true" box="[864,944,289,308]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Duration</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FEAFFB02FEBE" box="[1091,1168,289,308]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFBF5FEAFFB02FEBE" bold="true" box="[1091,1168,289,308]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Duration</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFEB6FB02FEC6" box="[152,1168,312,332]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFEB6FE90FEC6" box="[152,258,312,332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFF2EFEB7FF59FEC6" bold="true" box="[152,203,313,332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Event</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFEB6FE13FEC6" box="[280,385,312,332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFE8EFEB7FEF3FEC6" bold="true" box="[312,353,313,332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Date</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FEB6FE7AFEC6" box="[421,488,312,332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFE13FEB6FE48FEC1" bold="true" box="[421,474,312,331]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">(days)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFEB6FDF7FEC6" box="[508,613,312,332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFDAAFEB7FDD7FEC6" bold="true" box="[540,581,313,332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Date</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FEB6FD58FEC6" box="[642,714,312,332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFD31FEB6FD2EFEC1" bold="true" box="[647,700,312,331]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">(days)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FEB6FCC1FEC6" box="[738,851,312,332]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFCB7FEB7FCB8FEC6" bold="true" box="[769,810,313,332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Date</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FEB6FC22FEC6" box="[864,944,312,332]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFCDBFEB6FC30FEC1" bold="true" box="[877,930,312,331]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">(days)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FEB6FBA7FEC6" box="[962,1077,312,332]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFC53FEB7FB9CFEC6" bold="true" box="[997,1038,313,332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Date</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FEB6FB02FEC6" box="[1091,1168,312,332]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFBF9FEB6FB13FEC1" bold="true" box="[1103,1153,312,331]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">(days)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFED2FB02FEFA" box="[152,1168,348,368]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFED2FE90FEFA" box="[152,258,348,368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Oviposition</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFED2FE13FEFA" box="[280,385,348,368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">1 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FED2FE7AFEFA" box="[421,488,348,368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFED2FDF7FEFA" box="[508,613,348,368]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">1 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FED2FD58FEFA" box="[642,714,348,368]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FED2FCC1FEFA" box="[738,851,348,368]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">25 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FED2FC22FEFA" box="[864,944,348,368]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FED2FBA7FEFA" box="[962,1077,348,368]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">25 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FED2FB02FEFA" box="[1091,1168,348,368]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFEF6FB02FE01" box="[152,1168,376,395]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFEF6FE90FE01" box="[152,258,376,395]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Hatching</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFEF6FE13FE01" box="[280,385,376,395]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">7 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FEF6FE7AFE01" box="[421,488,376,395]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">6</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFEF6FDF7FE01" box="[508,613,376,395]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">7 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FEF6FD58FE01" box="[642,714,376,395]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">6</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FEF6FCC1FE01" box="[738,851,376,395]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">30 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FEF6FC22FE01" box="[864,944,376,395]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FEF6FBA7FE01" box="[962,1077,376,395]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">30 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FEF6FB02FE01" box="[1091,1168,376,395]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFE1DFB02FE2C" box="[152,1168,403,422]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFE1DFE90FE2C" box="[152,258,403,422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">1st molt</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFE1DFE13FE2C" box="[280,385,403,422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">8 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FE1DFE7AFE2C" box="[421,488,403,422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">7</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFE1DFDF7FE2C" box="[508,613,403,422]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">8 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FE1DFD58FE2C" box="[642,714,403,422]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">7</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FE1DFCC1FE2C" box="[738,851,403,422]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">31 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FE1DFC22FE2C" box="[864,944,403,422]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">6</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FE1DFBA7FE2C" box="[962,1077,403,422]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">31 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FE1DFB02FE2C" box="[1091,1168,403,422]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFE20FB02FE48" box="[152,1168,430,450]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFE20FE90FE48" box="[152,258,430,450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">2nd molt</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFE20FE13FE48" box="[280,385,430,450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">10 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FE20FE7AFE48" box="[421,488,430,450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFE20FDF7FE48" box="[508,613,430,450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">10 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FE20FD58FE48" box="[642,714,430,450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FE20FCC1FE48" box="[738,851,430,450]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">1 Aug 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FE20FC22FE48" box="[864,944,430,450]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">7</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FE20FBA7FE48" box="[962,1077,430,450]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">1 Aug 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FE20FB02FE48" box="[1091,1168,430,450]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFE44FB02FE57" box="[152,1168,458,477]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFE44FE90FE57" box="[152,258,458,477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">3rd molt</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFE44FE13FE57" box="[280,385,458,477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">unconfirmed</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FE44FE7AFE57" box="[421,488,458,477]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFE44FDF7FE57" box="[508,613,458,477]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">30 Jul 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FE44FD58FE57" box="[642,714,458,477]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">29</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FE44FCC1FE57" box="[738,851,458,477]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">unconfirmed</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FE44FC22FE57" box="[864,944,458,477]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FE44FBA7FE57" box="[962,1077,458,477]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">unconfirmed</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FE44FB02FE57" box="[1091,1168,458,477]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFE6BFB02FE72" box="[152,1168,485,504]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFE6BFE90FE72" box="[152,258,485,504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">4th molt</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFE6BFE13FE72" box="[280,385,485,504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">unconfirmed</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FE6BFE7AFE72" box="[421,488,485,504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFE6BFDF7FE72" box="[508,613,485,504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">unconfirmed</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FE6BFD58FE72" box="[642,714,485,504]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FE6BFCC1FE72" box="[738,851,485,504]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">unconfirmed</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FE6BFC22FE72" box="[864,944,485,504]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FE6BFBA7FE72" box="[962,1077,485,504]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">27 Aug 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FE6BFB02FE72" box="[1091,1168,485,504]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">33</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFD8EFB02FD9E" box="[152,1168,512,532]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFD8EFE90FD9E" box="[152,258,512,532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">5th molt</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFD8EFE13FD9E" box="[280,385,512,532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">13 Aug 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FD8EFE7AFD9E" box="[421,488,512,532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">43</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFD8EFDF7FD9E" box="[508,613,512,532]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">15 Aug 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FD8EFD58FD9E" box="[642,714,512,532]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">45</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FD8EFCC1FD9E" box="[738,851,512,532]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">unconfirmed</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FD8EFC22FD9E" box="[864,944,512,532]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FD8EFBA7FD9E" box="[962,1077,512,532]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">19 Sep 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FD8EFB02FD9E" box="[1091,1168,512,532]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">56</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFD95FB02FDA5" box="[152,1168,539,559]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFD95FE90FDA5" box="[152,258,539,559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Prepupate</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFD95FE13FDA5" box="[280,385,539,559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FD95FE7AFDA5" box="[421,488,539,559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFD95FDF7FDA5" box="[508,613,539,559]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">25 Aug 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FD95FD58FDA5" box="[642,714,539,559]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">55</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FD95FCC1FDA5" box="[738,851,539,559]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">11 Sep 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FD95FC22FDA5" box="[864,944,539,559]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">48</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FD95FBA7FDA5" box="[962,1077,539,559]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">8 May 2020</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FD95FB02FDA5" box="[1091,1168,539,559]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">288</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFDB9FB02FDC0" box="[152,1168,567,586]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFDB9FE90FDC0" box="[152,258,567,586]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Pupate</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFDB9FE13FDC0" box="[280,385,567,586]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FDB9FE7AFDC0" box="[421,488,567,586]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFDB9FDF7FDC0" box="[508,613,567,586]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">28 Aug 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FDB9FD58FDC0" box="[642,714,567,586]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">58</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FDB9FCC1FDC0" box="[738,851,567,586]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">12 Sep 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FDB9FC22FDC0" box="[864,944,567,586]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">49</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FDB9FBA7FDC0" box="[962,1077,567,586]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">13 May 2020</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FDB9FB02FDC0" box="[1091,1168,567,586]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">293</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFDDCFB02FDEC" box="[152,1168,594,614]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFDDCFE90FDEC" box="[152,258,594,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Emergence</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFDDCFE13FDEC" box="[280,385,594,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FDDCFE7AFDEC" box="[421,488,594,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFDDCFDF7FDEC" box="[508,613,594,614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">3 Sep 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FDDCFD58FDEC" box="[642,714,594,614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">64</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FDDCFCC1FDEC" box="[738,851,594,614]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">18 Sep 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FDDCFC22FDEC" box="[864,944,594,614]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">55</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FDDCFBA7FDEC" box="[962,1077,594,614]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">23 May 2020</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FDDCFB02FDEC" box="[1091,1168,594,614]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">303</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537FE071824000BFF2EFDE3FB02FD0B" box="[152,1168,621,641]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<th id="76E6977B1824000BFF2EFDE3FE90FD0B" box="[152,258,621,641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Death</th>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFEAEFDE3FE13FD0B" box="[280,385,621,641]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE13FDE3FE7AFD0B" box="[421,488,621,641]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFE4AFDE3FDF7FD0B" box="[508,613,621,641]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">17 Oct 2019</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD34FDE3FD58FD0B" box="[642,714,621,641]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">108</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFD54FDE3FCC1FD0B" box="[738,851,621,641]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">22 Jan 2020</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFCD6FDE3FC22FD0B" box="[864,944,621,641]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">181</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFC74FDE3FBA7FD0B" box="[962,1077,621,641]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">6 Dec 2020</td>
|
||
<td id="76E6977B1824000BFBF5FDE3FB02FD0B" box="[1091,1168,621,641]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">500</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8FC451824FFFCFF06F9F9FC93FBA2" blockId="8.[151,639,722,1731]" lastBlockId="8.[684,1172,722,1064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFF06F9F9FE01F907" bold="true" box="[176,403,1655,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Seasonal Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults were collected between 21 May and 29 August in the field. Oviposition was observed continually between June and August. The period from oviposition to pupation was 49–293 days. In captivity, the larvae that hatched during early summer could become adults during the summer up to early fall of the same year; however, this species may pass the winter in the larval stage.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9681B41824FFFCFC9CFCD9FC26FCE7" author="Suzuki, T." box="[810,948,855,877]" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" refId="ref7541" refString="Suzuki, T. 2015. A larva of Intybia pelegrini pelegrini (Pic). Gekkan Mushi 538: 35. [in Japanese]" type="journal volume" year="2015">Suzuki (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that a mature larva was found on the ground surface of a community of dead
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61824FFFCFC86FC03FC0DFC28" box="[816,927,909,930]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFC86FC03FC0DFC28" box="[816,927,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Phragmites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61824FFFCFC19FC03FB93FC28" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[943,1025,909,930]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61824FFFCFB8AFC03FB01FC28" box="[1084,1171,909,930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pueraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97320571824FFFCFB8AFC03FB01FC28" box="[1084,1171,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="624">Pueraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0787C61824FFFCFD02FC29FC82FC37" box="[692,784,935,957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="624" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on 25 March in the field, and pupated on 4 May. In captivity, the larvae that hatched during summer passed the winter in the larval state, then pupated and eclosed during May of the following year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |