124 lines
14 KiB
XML
124 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="2A2BF5BAC5626558FC4EF2F56A547F7A" ID-CLB-Dataset="6314" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7aaad606-9dd4-47fd-b5bc-e75c8ba2bbb5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4761869" ID-ZooBank="A10E0734-85A7-4B44-AD45-63142A1CC7D1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620988873296" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Turner, Thomas L." docDate="2021" docId="03A9147BFFEEFFC2B4D7F9F3FADC43FB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4970.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4970 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scopalina Schmidt 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="362" masterDocId="FF906C03FFE6FFCBB440FFB1FFA7432E" masterDocTitle="Four new Scopalina from Southern California: the first Scopalinida (Porifera Demospongiae) from the temperate Eastern Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="371" masterPageNumber="353" pageNumber="361" updateTime="1698939887160" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A0A6926413680FF97DA5DE70D4C6BF24">
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<mods:title id="EA9035BD62D265468C6C775F9750BEF5">Four new Scopalina from Southern California: the first Scopalinida (Porifera Demospongiae) from the temperate Eastern Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="188A26B0B4F474814C6D9C967B745A89" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7482D1415E4911BE10D5B0052D2F6E0A">Turner, Thomas L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="85F62A92209E62E02B2802F38BBB5339">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9ECE93DAC1D89DF573F2C4C202A43034">
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<mods:date id="66967834D6B2597C0A6C81009E3AD3BA">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8EE81D734CC2FECE9DF89A0D0807A68F">2021-05-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7BCC4EF02FF581E630F61A21AF936923">4970</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E7330AAEF2BDF7FFBA6A0A9002592EE0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A9147BFFEEFFC2B4D7F9F3FADC43FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761885" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182486373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4761885" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9147BFFEEFFC2B4D7F9F3FADC43FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9147BFFEEFFC2B4D7F9F3FADC43FB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="362" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEEFFC3B4D7F9F3FB3A441B" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEEFFC3B4D7F9F3FE654573" blockId="8.[151,450,1602,1629]" box="[151,450,1602,1629]" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">
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<heading id="D0F71201FFEEFFC3B4D7F9F3FE654573" bold="true" box="[151,450,1602,1629]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEEFFC3B4D7F9F3FE654573" authority="Schmidt 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,450,1602,1629]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEEFFC3B4D7F9F3FE654573" bold="true" box="[151,450,1602,1629]" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEEFFC3B4D7F9F3FEB74573" bold="true" box="[151,272,1602,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">Scopalina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFEEFFC3B557F9F2FE654573" author="Schmidt, O." box="[279,450,1603,1629]" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" refId="ref11625" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1862">Schmidt 1862</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEEFFC3B4D7F93AFB3A441B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1675,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">
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Definition: Thinly or thickly encrusting; soft and compressible; few or no ectosomal spicules; spongin abundant, with extensions of spongin manifest as mounds or fibers arising from basal spongin plate; these fibers may branch and merge; choanosomal skeleton of spicules or spicule bundles with proximal ends or entire spicule enclosed in spongin; choanosome may have a grainy appearance. Larvae are elongated, conical; anterior region wider than the posterior zone; completely covered by short cilia. (Modified from
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<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFEEFFC3B73FF8AAFB36441B" author="Blanquer, A. & Uriz, M. - J." box="[895,1169,1819,1845]" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" pagination="489 - 502" refId="ref9181" refString="Blanquer, A. & Uriz, M. - J. (2008) " A posteriori " searching for phenotypic characters to described new cryptic species of sponges revealed by molecular markers (Scopalina: Dictyonellidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 22, 489 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 07004" type="journal article" year="2008">Blanquer and Uriz 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEEFFC2B487F88EFADC43FB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="362" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEEFFC3B487F88EFC0E44C7" blockId="8.[151,1437,1675,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">
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Diagnosis:
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEEFFC3B507F88EFE104477" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[327,439,1855,1881]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEEFFC3B507F88EFE104477" box="[327,439,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">Scopalina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have abundant spongin, while
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEEFFC3B758F88EFCD54477" authorityName="Alvarez, van Soest & Rutzler" authorityYear="2002" box="[792,882,1855,1881]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Svenzea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEEFFC3B758F88EFCD54477" box="[792,882,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">Svenzea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are described as having limited spongin, primarily at the nodes of a reticulated spicule network.
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEEFFC3B6FFF8D2FCBE4453" authorityName="Alvarez, van Soest & Rutzler" authorityYear="2002" box="[703,793,1891,1917]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Svenzea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEEFFC3B6FFF8D2FCBE4453" box="[703,793,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">Svenzea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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tend to have shorter spicules, (
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEEFFC3B039F8D2FAA94450" box="[1145,1294,1891,1918]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200–300 µm</quantity>
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), whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEEFFC3B4D7F836FEA0448F" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,263,1927,1953]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEEFFC3B4D7F836FEA0448F" box="[151,263,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">Scopalina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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they mostly range from
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEEFFC3B669F836FD44448C" box="[553,739,1927,1954]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="1200.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="400.0">400 to 2000 µm</quantity>
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(though
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEEFFC3B70EF836FC49448F" authorityName="Blanquer & Uriz" authorityYear="2008" box="[846,1006,1927,1953]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="canariensis">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEEFFC3B70EF836FC49448F" box="[846,1006,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">S. canariensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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averages only
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEEFFC3B0DEF836FB5B448C" box="[1182,1276,1927,1954]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9899999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="199.0">199 µm</quantity>
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). The skeletal architecture of
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEEFFC3B502F81AFE3B44EB" authorityName="Alvarez, van Soest & Rutzler" authorityYear="2002" box="[322,412,1963,1989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Svenzea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEEFFC3B502F81AFE3B44EB" box="[322,412,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">Svenzea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been noted as more like that of the haplosclerida than
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEEFFC3B077F81AFB0044EB" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1079,1191,1963,1989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEEFFC3B077F81AFB0044EB" box="[1079,1191,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">Scopalina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEEFFC3B0F6F81AFAB744EB" authorityName="Alvarez, van Soest & Rutzler" authorityYear="2002" box="[1206,1296,1963,1989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Svenzea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEEFFC3B0F6F81AFAB744EB" box="[1206,1296,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">Svenzea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are massive or thickly encrusting, while
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEEFFC3B592F87EFDE544C7" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[466,578,1999,2025]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="361" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEEFFC3B592F87EFDE544C7" box="[466,578,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="361">Scopalina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are thinly to thickly encrusting.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEFFFC2B487FF26FADC43FB" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEFFFC2B487FF26FEBA439F" authorityName="Hallmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[199,285,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" genus="Stylissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEFFFC2B487FF26FEBA439F" box="[199,285,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Stylissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are erect, flabellate, or lobate, rather than possessing encrusting morphologies seen in
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEFFFC2B0ABFF26FAFC439F" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1259,1371,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEFFFC2B0ABFF26FAFC439F" box="[1259,1371,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Scopalina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEFFFC2B129FF26FF6443FA" authorityName="Hallmann" authorityYear="1914" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" genus="Stylissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEFFFC2B129FF26FF6443FA" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Stylissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are noted as having a skeletal architecture like that of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEFFFC2B70EFF0AFC5943FB" box="[846,1022,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Halichondridae</taxonomicName>
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, with many spicules in confusion.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |