174 lines
21 KiB
XML
174 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="8F159E31014608A002126AAF5910A6BC" ID-CLB-Dataset="6314" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7aaad606-9dd4-47fd-b5bc-e75c8ba2bbb5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4761869" ID-ZooBank="A10E0734-85A7-4B44-AD45-63142A1CC7D1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620988873296" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Turner, Thomas L." docDate="2021" docId="03A9147BFFEAFFC6B4D7FB8CFCF64233" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4970.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4970 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scopalina goletensis Turner 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="366" masterDocId="FF906C03FFE6FFCBB440FFB1FFA7432E" masterDocTitle="Four new Scopalina from Southern California: the first Scopalinida (Porifera Demospongiae) from the temperate Eastern Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="371" masterPageNumber="353" pageNumber="365" updateTime="1698939887160" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FF36368ACEC3216531503A75CC61A1F5">
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<mods:title id="657512FD4DFFBACBD880DAB5AC894686">Four new Scopalina from Southern California: the first Scopalinida (Porifera Demospongiae) from the temperate Eastern Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1B26C4BB52DD93CDB99051E7ECB2CD2D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9F0D02680782B819034D50EDDA63DE9C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DFB3CB491E659F07FE67A0BC0090116A">Turner, Thomas L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0B7AF2B08EF678FD6C7B30DA3F6309B5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AAD491E976F89BC06F91FB29A3101809">
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<mods:date id="E37942C439D8033654F7F4115B301ECC">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0C45D065A3942A334B83475D1A43F033">2021-05-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BE42946647A2CE93F94636FC4FAA51BA">4970</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A9147BFFEAFFC6B4D7FB8CFCF64233" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4895226" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182486378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4895226" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9147BFFEAFFC6B4D7FB8CFCF64233" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9147BFFEAFFC6B4D7FB8CFCF64233" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEAFFC7B4D7FB8CFE544776" box="[151,499,1085,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEAFFC7B4D7FB8CFE544776" blockId="12.[151,499,1085,1149]" box="[151,499,1085,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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<heading id="D0F71201FFEAFFC7B4D7FB8CFE544776" bold="true" box="[151,499,1085,1112]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B4D7FB8CFE544776" bold="true" box="[151,499,1085,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEAFFC7B4D7FB8CFE294776" authority="Turner, 2021" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,398,1085,1112]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="goletensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B4D7FB8CFE294776" bold="true" box="[151,398,1085,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">Scopalina goletensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247C404FFEAFFC7B5D5FB8FFE544776" box="[405,499,1086,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEAFFC7B4D7FBD3FF4C4753" box="[151,235,1122,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEAFFC7B4D7FBD3FF4C4753" blockId="12.[151,499,1085,1149]" box="[151,235,1122,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133BB9E8FFEAFFC7B4E0FBD3FF454753" box="[160,226,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-64@13.[151,1436,309,1066]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scopalina goletensis sp. nov.. All images from holotype. A: field photo. B: Skeletal architecture, showing basal plate cored with sediment. C, D spicules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761881/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEAFFC7B4D7FB18FDBC47C6" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEAFFC7B4D7FB18FDBC47C6" blockId="12.[151,1436,1193,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B4D7FB18FE2147ED" bold="true" box="[151,390,1193,1219]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B68AF30FFEAFFC7B5D3FB1BFDBC47C6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3125626306" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="United States of America" elevation="12" latitude="34.41775" location="Elwood Reef" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.9015" municipality="Santa Barbara" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" specimenCode="CASIZ 235470" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54BB1BCFFFEAFFC7B5D3FB1BFDA747EA" box="[403,512,1194,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: (
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<specimenCode id="DBA60D16FFEAFFC7B657FB1BFD6A47EB" box="[535,717,1194,1221]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">CASIZ 235470</specimenCode>
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)
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<location id="8EDFF3B6FFEAFFC7B6A1FB1BFCDA47EA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9147BFFEAFFC6B4D7FB8CFCF64233:8EDFF3B6FFEAFFC7B6A1FB1BFCDA47EA" box="[737,893,1194,1220]" country="United States of America" latitude="34.41775" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.9015" municipality="Santa Barbara" name="Elwood Reef" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" stateProvince="California">Elwood Reef</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDB3F17FFEAFFC7B7CDFB1BFB9347EA" box="[909,1076,1194,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">Santa Barbara</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C46B8FFFEAFFC7B004FB1BFB1F47EA" box="[1092,1208,1194,1220]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F317E5FDFFEAFFC7B08AFB1BFAA747EA" box="[1226,1280,1194,1220]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE34C3AAFFEAFFC7B155FB1BFA2547EB" box="[1301,1410,1194,1221]" degrees="34.41775" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" precision="1" value="34.41775">34.41775</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE34C3AAFFEAFFC7B1D3FB1BFEB547C7" degrees="119.90150" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" precision="1" value="-119.9015">- 119.90150</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation id="002D425EFFEAFFC7B564FB7FFE0247C6" box="[292,421,1230,1256]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="12.0">
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEAFFC7B564FB7FFEFA47C6" box="[292,349,1230,1256]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, 10/23/19.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEAFFC7B4D7FAA7FB9F4593" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEAFFC7B4D7FAA7FACA461E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1302,2012]" box="[151,1389,1302,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B4D7FAA7FEB9461E" bold="true" box="[151,286,1302,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named for the town of Goleta that is onshore from the location where the sponge was discovered.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEAFFC7B487FA8BFC4346EE" blockId="12.[151,1437,1302,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B487FA8BFEC6467A" bold="true" box="[199,353,1338,1364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">Morphology.</emphasis>
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Encrusting, 1.0–
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEAFFC7B660FA8BFDD2467A" box="[544,629,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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thick, approximately
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEAFFC7B729FA8BFC13467A" box="[873,948,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
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across (figure 5). Firm and incompressible. Surface hispid due to dense profusion of protruding styles. Distinct ectosome not apparent. Beige / cream colored in nature; retained the same color when preserved in ethanol. Surface traced by varicose, translucent channels; pores (approximately 200–300 μm diameter) abundant and uniformly distributed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEAFFC7B487FA78FD93457E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1302,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B487FA78FE9246CD" bold="true" box="[199,309,1481,1507]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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Basal mat of spongin cored with sediment. Vertical extensions of spongin 10–600 μm high arise from this mat: none of these were cored with sediment, but loose sediment was abundant throughout the sponge. Heads of some spicules are embedded singly, directly in the basal mat of spongin, but most are embedded as tiered bundles in the vertical extensions of spongin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEAFFC7B487F9E8FB9F4593" blockId="12.[151,1437,1302,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B487F9E8FE97455D" bold="true" box="[199,304,1625,1651]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">Spicules.</emphasis>
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Styles only, usually slightly bent towards the head end, thickest at the head and tapered to a point. Some spicule tips are “telescoping” (width decreasing in a step-wise fashion) at the pointed end. Spicules averaged 687 μm in length (N=37, range 388–801 μm); 15 μm in width (N=37, range 6–21).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEAFFC7B487F974FC344462" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEAFFC7B487F974FC344462" blockId="12.[151,1437,1302,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B487F974FE4845F1" bold="true" box="[199,495,1733,1760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
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Only a single individual has been found, on a vertical ledge at
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEAFFC7B0E3F977FB7C45CE" box="[1187,1243,1734,1760]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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depth, at Elwood Reef, in Santa Barbara,
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<collectingRegion id="49C46B8FFFEAFFC7B5E6F95BFDBC442A" box="[422,539,1770,1796]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">California</collectingRegion>
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. Habitat was rocky reef with abundant bryozoan, sponge, and anthozoan cover, under a year-round kelp canopy. Considerable search effort at Elwood Reef and nearby locations failed to locate additional individuals, so this species is likely to be rare in this area.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEAFFC6B487F8E7FCF64233" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEAFFC6B487F8E7FF4743FB" blockId="12.[151,1437,1302,2012]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B487F8E7FE9C445E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1878,1904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species is most similar to
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B6ECF8E7FC8E445E" box="[684,809,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEAFFC7B6ECF8E7FC82445E" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[684,805,1878,1904]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kuyamu">S. kuyamu</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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but is morphologically and genetically distinct, as detailed in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEAFFC7B561F8CBFE3344BA" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[289,404,1914,1940]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kuyamu">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B561F8CBFE3344BA" box="[289,404,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">S. kuyamu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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remarks. The spicule dimensions are similar to several species from other regions (
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEAFFC7B175F8CBFEEB4496" authority="(Bibiloni, 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Bibiloni" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="azurea">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B175F8CBFA3B44BA" box="[1333,1436,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">S. azurea</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFEAFFC7B4DFF82FFEE34496" author="Bibiloni, M. A." box="[159,324,1950,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" pagination="307 - 318" refId="ref9076" refString="Bibiloni, M. A. (1993) Some new or poorly known sponges of the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina, 57, 307 - 318." type="journal article" year="1993">Bibiloni, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEAFFC7B51AF82FFD584496" authority="(Blanquer & Uriz, 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Blanquer & Uriz" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[346,767,1950,1976]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="blanensis">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B51AF82FFE464496" box="[346,481,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">S. blanensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFEAFFC7B5B0F82FFD504496" author="Blanquer, A. & Uriz, M. - J." box="[496,759,1950,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" pagination="489 - 502" refId="ref9181" refString="Blanquer, A. & Uriz, M. - J. (2008) " A posteriori " searching for phenotypic characters to described new cryptic species of sponges revealed by molecular markers (Scopalina: Dictyonellidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 22, 489 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 07004" type="journal article" year="2008">Blanquer & Uriz, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEAFFC7B74DF82FFB984497" authority="(Hechtel, 1965))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Hechtel" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[781,1087,1950,1977]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hispida">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B74DF82FFCDC4496" box="[781,891,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">S. hispida</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFEAFFC7B7CBF82FFB8B4497" author="Hechtel, G. J." box="[907,1068,1950,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref10259" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1965) A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 20, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1965">Hechtel, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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||
))
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</taxonomicName>
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, though none of these others is known to have spicules as thick. All but
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEAFFC7B61AF873FD6644F2" baseAuthorityName="Bibiloni" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[602,705,1986,2012]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="12" pageNumber="365" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="azurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEAFFC7B61AF873FD6644F2" box="[602,705,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">S. azurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be excluded based on the available genetic data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133BB9E8FFEAFFC7B108F873FA3244F2" box="[1352,1429,1986,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,185,1394]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[157,1430,179,1399]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gene tree at the cox1 mitochondrial locus. Bootstrap values are shown for nodes with> 50% support; nodes with <50% support are collapsed. Genbank accession numbers are shown; those beginning with M, shown in bold, are new. Scale bar indicates substitutions per site. Root placement based on Redmond et al. (2013)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761871/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="365">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133BB9E8FFEBFFC6B4D7FF26FF0F439F" box="[151,168,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1000,1024]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,245,971]" captionTargetId="figure-50@9.[151,1436,237,977]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gene tree at the large ribosomal subunit (28S). Bootstrap values are shown for nodes with> 50% support; nodes with <50% support are collapsed. Genbank accession numbers are shown; those beginning with MT, in bold, are new. Scale bar indicates substitutions per site. Root placement based on Redmond et al. (2013)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761873/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Conspecificity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEBFFC6B5DDFF26FDA4439E" baseAuthorityName="Bibiloni" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[413,515,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="azurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEBFFC6B5DDFF26FDA4439E" box="[413,515,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">S. azurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unlikely based on geographic isolation, color, and spicular architecture (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFEBFFC6B17FFF26FF7443FB" author="Bibiloni, M. A." pageId="13" pageNumber="366" pagination="307 - 318" refId="ref9076" refString="Bibiloni, M. A. (1993) Some new or poorly known sponges of the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina, 57, 307 - 318." type="journal article" year="1993">Bibiloni 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEBFFC6B487FF6EFCF64233" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">It does not seem likely that this species can be identified from field photos alone, though it is difficult to say if there are reliable field marks until more individuals are found.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |