173 lines
19 KiB
XML
173 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="111FE79DE4E6DF5EBBDDE21EFE2A99A7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3717.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fad4163f-156b-4f1a-a5e9-c9f48df52e0a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248539" ID-ZooBank="C8CDC011-974C-48B4-9E03-88F570EEDE13" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460683027315" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Morehouse, Reid L. & Tobler, Michael" docDate="2013" docId="039504762C5F1471FF11F8B5FE9B35CF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03717p157.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3717 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Procambarus clarkii Girard 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="FFAC7C0E2C7D1452FF86FFBBFFE3316F" masterDocTitle="Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of Oklahoma: identification, distributions, and natural history" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="135" updateTime="1698350735770" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AEC14DA0F0B5CE7AA88088987B0724E2">
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<mods:title id="0BF31A534698F7418C3E5331A42F45D5">Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of Oklahoma: identification, distributions, and natural history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="226574ACB114514F6D58A187203914FE">Morehouse, Reid L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A54052A7C58D1A969E874738144B0D55" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="049E37A3E837657F058996B5EFD4CB5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8ECA41599AFFF8D921A5E492545F8077">Tobler, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BBE28D74D8B325093F9A52EB4D7EBAFE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="101F3468EC8B9FF736BF25EC0D7FFB64">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1350EA3C2CF2493E1A3F1B2DDED534AE">
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<mods:date id="37595BDF27CF2ECF6B0BDADF99BAA381">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E7B7B9796236624C711283FBFC754891" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5BB40DB672B57A586B82ECA9583CBFD1">3717</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="461D33BDB8C117F51E7B961809980882" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3717.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EF047406BB116F824C297A71F9F44147" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CCD1CCF6126D6A81AD1AB44F479BA57E" type="Zenodo-Dep">248539</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039504762C5F1471FF11F8B5FE9B35CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5686056" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119576467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5686056" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039504762C5F1471FF11F8B5FE9B35CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039504762C5F1471FF11F8B5FE9B35CF" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
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<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C5F1471FF11F8B5FF033197" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C5F1470FF11F8B5FC8D3647" blockId="34.[151,878,1806,1832]" box="[151,878,1806,1832]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
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<heading id="D0CB020C2C5F1470FF11F8B5FC8D3647" bold="true" box="[151,878,1806,1832]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5F1470FF11F8B5FC8D3647" bold="true" box="[151,878,1806,1832]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5F1470FF11F8B5FDAC3647" ID-CoL="7WLRT" authority="Girard, 1852" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,591,1806,1832]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkii">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5F1470FF11F8B5FE6C3647" bold="true" box="[151,399,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Procambarus clarkii</emphasis>
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(Girard, 1852)
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</taxonomicName>
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: Red Swamp Crawfish
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C5F1471FF11F8EEFF033197" blockId="34.[151,1436,1877,2010]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5F1470FF11F8EEFE4A3601" bold="true" box="[151,425,1877,1902]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">General charateristics.</emphasis>
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Adults rarely exceed
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<quantity id="4CC418852C5F1470FD20F8EEFCE63602" box="[678,773,1877,1902]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="160.0">160 mm</quantity>
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in total length. The carapace is laterally compressed with small tubercles running along its sides and the areola is closed. The rostrum has a trough-like depression with thick lateral margins and spines extending from the acumen. Chelae are slender and are covered in tubercles, with the largest occurring along the inside margins of the palms. In form I males, gonopods have four short, bladelike terminal processes that strongly curve laterally to the midline. Gonopods also have a shoulder on the cephalic surface. In females, the annulus ventralis lacks a definite fossa, but has two anterior tubercles (Taylor & Schuster, 2004).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C5E1471FF41FEBFFA9930C2" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C5E1471FF41FEBFFD5330E7" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FF41FEBFFE623072" bold="true" box="[199,385,260,285]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Life coloration.</emphasis>
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This species is variable in color (Walls, 2009; personal observation), but in Oklahoma, the background color usually is deep red to burgundy. The abdomen exhibits a broad, black, wedge shaped stripe running longitudinally (
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<figureCitation id="1307A9E52C5E1471FE23FEF7FDF9300A" box="[421,538,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 69 – 76. 69" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[253,1333,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 69 – 76. 69. Orconectes saxatilis 70. Potential distribution of Orconectes saxatilis 71. Orconectes virilis 72. Potential distribution of Orconectes virilis 73. Procambarus acutus 74. Potential distribution of Procambarus acutus 75. Procambarus clarkii 76. Potential distribution of Procambarus clarkii." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248546/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Figure 75</figureCitation>
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). Tubercles on the chelae are light tan to cream. The ventral side ranges from dark cream to light cream depending on habitat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C5E1471FF41FE2FFA9930C2" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" box="[199,1402,404,429]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FF41FE2FFE6330C2" bold="true" box="[199,384,404,429]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Similar species.</emphasis>
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In Oklahoma,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FDAEFE2EFD6E30C3" box="[552,653,404,428]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkii">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FDAEFE2EFDD530C3" box="[552,566,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FDC2FE2FFD6E30C3" box="[580,653,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">clarkii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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closely resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FCE7FE2EFC2530C3" box="[865,966,405,428]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutus">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FCE7FE2EFC8C30C3" box="[865,879,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FCFBFE2EFC2530C3" box="[893,966,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">acutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FB87FE2EFB8530C3" box="[1025,1126,405,428]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutus">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FB87FE2EFBEC30C3" box="[1025,1039,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FB9BFE2EFB8530C3" box="[1053,1126,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">acutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for species differences).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C5E1471FF41FE0CFBBD3282" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C5E1471FF41FE0CFDCF3257" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FF41FE0CFE1930BF" bold="true" box="[199,506,439,464]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FD80FE03FD1130BF" box="[518,754,440,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkii">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FD80FE03FD1130BF" box="[518,754,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Procambarus clarkii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is widely distributed and naturally occurs along the Gulf Coastal Plain from northeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F32BF5F02C5E1471FD83FE67FDB9309A" box="[517,602,476,501]" name="Mexico" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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east to the Florida panhandle, and northward along the Mississippi River to southeastern Missouri and southwestern Illinois (Page, 1985; Pflieger, 1996; Taylor & Schuster, 2004; Walls, 2009).
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FF6FFD9FFE373353" box="[233,468,548,572]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkii">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FF6FFD9FFE373353" box="[233,468,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Procambarus clarkii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an important aquaculture species (Walls, 2009) and has been introduced and has established populations throughout much of the
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<collectingCountry id="F32BF5F02C5E1471FD44FDFCFCB9330F" box="[706,858,583,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">United States</collectingCountry>
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due to the aquarium trade, fishermen, and human food consumption (Taylor
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FE47FDD6FE1A33EB" box="[449,505,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2007). In Oklahoma,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FD70FDD6FCB833EB" box="[758,859,620,644]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkii">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FD70FDD6FCE733EB" box="[758,772,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FC94FDD7FCB833EB" box="[786,859,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">clarkii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs naturally in the extreme southeastern corner where the Gulf Coastal Plain reaches into the state.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FC8EFD2BFC1733C7" box="[776,1012,656,680]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkii">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FC8EFD2BFC1733C7" box="[776,1012,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Procambarus clarkii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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inhabits a wide variety of habitats, including swamps, flooded ditches, creeks, and will burrow to follow receding water tables as it is a secondary burrower. Substrate in creeks included sandy silt with woody debris and rooted vegetation. Our ecological niche model suggests that the southern half of Oklahoma (along the Red River) provides suitable environmental conditions for
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FEBCFC9AFE7C3257" box="[314,415,800,824]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkii">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FEBCFC9AFEAB3257" box="[314,328,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FED0FC9BFE7C3257" box="[342,415,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">clarkii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1307A9E52C5E1471FE28FCA4FDC33257" box="[430,544,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 69 – 76. 69" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[253,1333,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 69 – 76. 69. Orconectes saxatilis 70. Potential distribution of Orconectes saxatilis 71. Orconectes virilis 72. Potential distribution of Orconectes virilis 73. Procambarus acutus 74. Potential distribution of Procambarus acutus 75. Procambarus clarkii 76. Potential distribution of Procambarus clarkii." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248546/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Figure 76</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C5E1471FF41FCFFFBBD3282" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FF41FCFFFEBA3232" bold="true" box="[199,345,836,861]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Life history.</emphasis>
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Reproduction occurs from July to October throughout most of its range (Pflieger, 1996). Form I males have been collected from May through January, while females with eggs or young have been collected in September (Penn, 1943; Pflieger, 1996).
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FDE4FC37FCA932CB" box="[610,842,908,932]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkii">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FDE4FC37FCA932CB" box="[610,842,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Procambarus clarkii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is able to reproduce two times a year (Huner, 2002). In Oklahoma, form I males were found in June and October, while form II males and females are found year round. No ovigerous females or females with young were found during our collecting efforts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C5E1471FF41FC4CFE9B35CF" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C5E1471FF41FC4CFBB33560" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" box="[199,1104,1015,1040]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FF41FC4CFE6C357F" bold="true" box="[199,399,1015,1040]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Syntopic species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FE10FC43FDBC357F" box="[406,607,1016,1040]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puer">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FE10FC43FDBC357F" box="[406,607,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Cambarellus puer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FDEBFC43FCC7357F" box="[621,804,1016,1040]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Faxonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blairi">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FDEBFC43FCC7357F" box="[621,804,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Faxonella blairi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C5E1471FCE7FC43FBAA357F" box="[865,1097,1016,1040]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutus">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FCE7FC43FBAA357F" box="[865,1097,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Procambarus acutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C5E1471FF41FBA7FE993537" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FF41FBA7FE20355A" bold="true" box="[199,451,1052,1077]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Conservation status.</emphasis>
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AFS: Currently Stable; Heritage Rank: Widespread (G5); IUCN: Least Concern; ODWC: Not Listed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C5E1471FF41FBDFFE9B35CF" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FF41FBDFFE253512" bold="true" box="[199,454,1124,1149]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Additional resources.</emphasis>
|
||
Barbaresi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FDC6FBDEFD9A3513" box="[576,633,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004); Chucholl (2011, 2013); Deng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FBABFBDEFB853513" box="[1069,1126,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1993); Pearl
|
||
<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FA8FFBDEFAA13513" box="[1289,1346,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013); Simon
|
||
<emphasis id="B94869722C5E1471FF61FB32FEFC35CF" box="[231,287,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |