410 lines
44 KiB
XML
410 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756965" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e10a7f88-f51b-431b-87e2-a1b10a1d690f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182066764" ID-ISSN="1854-0392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4756965" checkinTime="1620835497473" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Baumann, Richard W. & Kondratieff, Boris C." docDate="2010" docId="038E1501FFA9961FFC1AFF42FECD486B" docLanguage="en" docName="Illiesia.6.25.315-327.pdf" docOrigin="Illiesia 6 (25)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3ED4ECBC8873166DC296BE619562C54F.3:Illiesia.2009-.journal_article" docStyleId="3ED4ECBC8873166DC296BE619562C54F" docStyleName="Illiesia.2009-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Lednia sierra Baumann & Kondratieff 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="325" masterDocId="FFB76D79FFAE9615FFE4FFA2FFBE4F30" masterDocTitle="The Stonefly Genus Lednia In North America (Plecoptera: Nemouridae)" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="315" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" updateTime="1643559758682" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Stonefly Genus Lednia In North America (Plecoptera: Nemouridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Baumann, Richard W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kondratieff, Boris C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Illiesia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>6</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>315</mods:start>
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<mods:end>327</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753201</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e10a7f88-f51b-431b-87e2-a1b10a1d690f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1854-0392</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4753201</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756965" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182066764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4756965" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E1501FFA9961FFC1AFF42FECD486B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E1501FFA9961FFC1AFF42FECD486B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">
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||
<subSubSection box="[1022,1256,224,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="7.[1022,1256,224,249]" box="[1022,1256,224,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">
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||
<heading bold="true" box="[1022,1256,224,249]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" reason="2">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1022,1256,224,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Baumann & Kondratieff, 2010" authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[1022,1178,224,249]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1022,1178,224,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Lednia sierra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1191,1256,225,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1068,1211,261,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="7.[1068,1211,261,285]" box="[1068,1211,261,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation box="[1076,1166,261,285]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[189,241,1042,1066]" captionTargetBox="[429,1203,268,963]" captionTargetId="figure-451@8.[429,1203,251,864]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 23-24. Lednia sierra. 23. male epiproct, dorsal. 24. female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753211/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
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-32)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[835,1444,331,1920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,1073,332,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111166312" collectingDate="1985-08-27" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="D. Giuliani" country="United States of America" county="Inyo County" location="Willow Lake" municipality="South Fork Big Pine Creek" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[1083,1195,332,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount box="[1203,1223,331,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1239,1443,332,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">
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<collectingCountry box="[1239,1298,332,356]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">USA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion box="[1312,1438,332,356]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">California</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCounty box="[835,989,368,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Inyo County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1002,1324,368,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">South Fork Big Pine Creek</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<locationDeviation pageId="7" pageNumber="322">1.5 miles west of</locationDeviation>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E1501FFA9961FFC1AFF42FECD486B:8EF8F2CCFFA99612FC49FE31FBF34E9B" box="[941,1101,403,427]" country="United States of America" county="Inyo County" municipality="South Fork Big Pine Creek" name="Willow Lake" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" stateProvince="California">Willow Lake</location>
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, 11,000’, Sierra Nevada,
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<date pageId="7" pageNumber="322" value="1985-08-27">
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<collectingDate pageId="7" pageNumber="322" value="1985-08-27">27 August 1985</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[993,1125,439,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">D. Giuliani</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111166308" collectingDate="1985-08-27" collectionCode="BYUC" collectorName="D. Giuliani" country="United States of America" county="Inyo Co." latitude="37.411392" location="Inyo Co." longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-118.77028" municipality="Ruby Creek" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus box="[1133,1249,439,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1258,1386,439,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">
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<collectingRegion box="[1258,1381,439,463]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">California</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCounty pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Inyo Co.</collectingCounty>
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, same collection data as holotype,
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<specimenCount box="[1351,1385,474,499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[1410,1443,474,499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[843,922,510,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">BYUC</collectionCode>
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);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111166321" collectingDate="1985-08-27" collectionCode="BYUC" collectorName="D. Giuliani" country="United States of America" county="Inyo Co." latitude="37.411392" location="Sierra" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-118.77028" municipality="Ruby Creek" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectingMunicipality box="[940,1082,510,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Ruby Creek</collectingMunicipality>
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, 11,319’,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1188,1344,510,534]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" precision="15" seconds="41" value="37.411392">37° 24’ 41” N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="118" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-118.77028">118° 46’ 13” W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E1501FFA9961FFC1AFF42FECD486B:8EF8F2CCFFA99612FC73FD80FC624D0A" box="[919,988,546,570]" county="Inyo Co." latitude="37.411392" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-118.77028" municipality="Ruby Creek" name="Sierra" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" stateProvince="California">Sierra</location>
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<collectingRegion box="[993,1087,546,570]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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,
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<date box="[1097,1276,546,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" value="2010-08-20">
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<collectingDate box="[1097,1276,546,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" value="2010-08-20">20 August 2010</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[1284,1401,546,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">L.E. Serpa</collectorName>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[1410,1444,545,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[843,923,581,605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">BYUC</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111166303" collectingDate="2010-08-20" collectionCode="BYUC" collectorName="L. E. Serpa " country="United States of America" latitude="39.574165" location="Nevada" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-118.98805" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Nevada" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<collectorName box="[942,1063,581,605]" hasSafeAffix="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Mono Co.</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName box="[1077,1295,581,605]" hasSafeAffix="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Cold Water Creek</collectorName>
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, 10,049’,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" precision="15" seconds="27" value="39.574165">39° 34’ 27” N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[953,1128,617,641]" degrees="118" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" precision="15" seconds="17" value="-118.98805">118° 59’ 17” W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<collectorName box="[1139,1208,617,641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Sierra</collectorName>
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<collectingRegion box="[1215,1309,617,641]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<date pageId="7" pageNumber="322" value="2010-08-19">
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||
<collectingDate pageId="7" pageNumber="322" value="2010-08-19">19 August 2010</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[911,1041,652,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">L.E. Serpa</collectorName>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[1061,1148,652,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[1172,1251,652,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">BYUC</collectionCode>
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||
);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111166314" collectingDate="2010-08-19" collectionCode="BYUC" collectorName="L. E. Serpa & Sierra" country="United States of America" location="Coness Lakes" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Nevada" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
stream above
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E1501FFA9961FFC1AFF42FECD486B:8EF8F2CCFFA99612FCA7FD12FC5D4DF8" box="[835,995,688,712]" country="United States of America" name="Coness Lakes" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" stateProvince="Nevada">Coness Lakes</location>
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, 11,200’
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<collectorName box="[1089,1156,688,712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Sierra</collectorName>
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<collectingRegion box="[1161,1253,688,712]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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,
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<date box="[1263,1439,688,712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" value="1986-08-11">
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<collectingDate box="[1263,1439,688,712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" value="1986-08-11">11 August 1986</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[835,972,723,747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">D. Giuliani</collectorName>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[987,1021,722,748]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[1038,1134,723,747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" type="larva">6 larvae</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[1152,1232,724,748]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">BYUC</collectionCode>
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||
).
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</materialsCitation>
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The
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<typeStatus box="[1308,1413,723,747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">holotype</typeStatus>
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is deposited at the
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<collectorName box="[1044,1439,759,783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">United States National Museum</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName box="[835,1115,794,818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Smithsonian Institution</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1126,1271,794,818]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Washington</collectingRegion>
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, D.C.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[835,1444,331,1920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,904,830,854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Male.</emphasis>
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Macropterous, wings hyaline, with darker veins near cord. Length of body 4.5-5.0 mm, color dark brown, anterior abdominal segments lightly sclerotized. Epiproct bilaterally symmetrical, with median dorsal groove; ventral sclerite flat, thin and darkly sclerotized, with few small spines near tip, apex of sclerite extending forward beyond anterior margin of dorsal sclerite, tip grooved dorsally ending in sharp arrowhead-like point, apex narrow and elongate; dorsal sclerite with broad bare triangularshaped lobes laterally at base, narrowing gradually toward apex, possessing deep longitudinal grooves with few hairs, located on large, paired dorsolateral lobes, bearing patches of long thin spines medially at base of lobes, numerous large stout spines on lateral margins near base of epiproct (
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<figureCitation box="[1243,1344,1363,1387]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[189,241,1042,1066]" captionTargetBox="[429,1203,268,963]" captionTargetId="figure-451@8.[429,1203,251,864]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 23-24. Lednia sierra. 23. male epiproct, dorsal. 24. female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753211/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation box="[1364,1431,1363,1387]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[189,236,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-54@9.[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.25-30.Lednia sierra male genitalia: 25. terminalia, dorsal.26. epiproct, dorsal.27.epiproct apex, dorsal.28.epiproct, lateral.29. terminalia, ventral. 30. prong on tergum 10. 31.female terminalia, ventral.32. female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753213/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">25-28</figureCitation>
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). Hypoproct sclerotized, broad at base, narrow towards apex, vesicle absent (
|
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<figureCitation box="[1205,1292,1434,1458]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[189,236,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-54@9.[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.25-30.Lednia sierra male genitalia: 25. terminalia, dorsal.26. epiproct, dorsal.27.epiproct apex, dorsal.28.epiproct, lateral.29. terminalia, ventral. 30. prong on tergum 10. 31.female terminalia, ventral.32. female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753213/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
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). Paraprocts bilobed, inner lobe long thin and darkly sclerotized, tip sharply pointed, outer lobe short broad, lightly sclerotized and bearing numerous hairs (
|
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<figureCitation box="[1343,1430,1541,1565]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[189,236,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-54@9.[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.25-30.Lednia sierra male genitalia: 25. terminalia, dorsal.26. epiproct, dorsal.27.epiproct apex, dorsal.28.epiproct, lateral.29. terminalia, ventral. 30. prong on tergum 10. 31.female terminalia, ventral.32. female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753213/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergum ten divided anteriorly by large median groove, bordered by paired mace-like spines that approach tip of epiproct (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1135,1268,1647,1672]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[189,236,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-54@9.[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.25-30.Lednia sierra male genitalia: 25. terminalia, dorsal.26. epiproct, dorsal.27.epiproct apex, dorsal.28.epiproct, lateral.29. terminalia, ventral. 30. prong on tergum 10. 31.female terminalia, ventral.32. female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753213/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Figs. 28, 30</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[835,1444,331,1920]" lastBlockId="8.[189,798,1148,1919]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,929,1683,1707]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Female.</emphasis>
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General color of body and wings similar to male. Length 5.0-6.5 mm. Sternum seven with broadly rounded, lightly sclerotized lobe near junction of sternum eight. Subgenital plate covering most of sternum eight, bearing sparse long hairs, triangle-shaped, broad at base and narrow at apex that reaches margin of sternum nine, apex pointed and sometimes with small median groove, lateral posterior margins of sternum eight with enlarged sclerotized lobes on both sides of apex of subgenital plate (
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||
<figureCitation box="[263,354,1255,1279]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[189,241,1042,1066]" captionTargetBox="[429,1203,268,963]" captionTargetId="figure-451@8.[429,1203,251,864]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 23-24. Lednia sierra. 23. male epiproct, dorsal. 24. female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753211/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
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, 31, 32).
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</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4753211" box="[189,1134,1042,1066]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753211/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" startId="8.[189,241,1042,1066]" targetBox="[429,1203,268,963]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[189,1134,1042,1066]" box="[189,1134,1042,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">
|
||
Figs. 23-24.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[327,466,1042,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[327,466,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Lednia sierra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 23. male epiproct, dorsal. 24. female terminalia, ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[189,798,1148,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,264,1291,1315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Gills absent. Length: mature male 5.0-6.0 mm, mature female 6.5-7.5 mm. Dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen mostly naked of spines. Female with large truncate, plate-like lobe present on posteriormedian margin of sternum eight. Legs with few medium sized spines on dorsal margins of femora. Cerci with whorls of small spines on posterior margins of segments and intercalary spines tiny and scattered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="323" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[189,798,1148,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,327,1611,1635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This specific epithet refers to the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[189,308,1646,1670]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[389,481,1646,1670]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
where all of the specimens have been collected to this time. The name is used as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="323" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[189,798,1148,1919]" lastBlockId="8.[835,1443,1148,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,319,1753,1777]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[327,467,1753,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[327,467,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Lednia sierra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[687,797,1753,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[687,797,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">L. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ricker" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[250,370,1790,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[250,370,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">L. tumana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters. The epiproct of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[322,408,1825,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[322,337,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[348,408,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">sierra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a dorsal sclerite that is deeply grooved with few hairs present and bears a fringe of long thin spines along its posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[701,792,1895,1919]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[189,241,1042,1066]" captionTargetBox="[429,1203,268,963]" captionTargetId="figure-451@8.[429,1203,251,864]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 23-24. Lednia sierra. 23. male epiproct, dorsal. 24. female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753211/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[835,913,1148,1172]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[189,236,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-54@9.[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.25-30.Lednia sierra male genitalia: 25. terminalia, dorsal.26. epiproct, dorsal.27.epiproct apex, dorsal.28.epiproct, lateral.29. terminalia, ventral. 30. prong on tergum 10. 31.female terminalia, ventral.32. female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">25, 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the ventral sclerite is more elongate where it extends beyond the apex of the dorsal sclerite and there is a row of large stout spines on each basal lateral margin of the epiproct (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1348,1438,1255,1279]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[189,241,1042,1066]" captionTargetBox="[429,1203,268,963]" captionTargetId="figure-451@8.[429,1203,251,864]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 23-24. Lednia sierra. 23. male epiproct, dorsal. 24. female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753211/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[835,908,1290,1315]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[189,236,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-54@9.[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.25-30.Lednia sierra male genitalia: 25. terminalia, dorsal.26. epiproct, dorsal.27.epiproct apex, dorsal.28.epiproct, lateral.29. terminalia, ventral. 30. prong on tergum 10. 31.female terminalia, ventral.32. female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">26, 27</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ricker" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[936,1104,1290,1314]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[936,1104,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Lednia tumana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an epiproct where the dorsal sclerite has two oblong patches of spines of equal size, is not grooved, and bears few small hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[843,917,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[189,241,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[355,1284,263,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-54@2.[347,1284,263,1455]" captionText="Figs. 1-3. Lednia tumana male genitalia: 1. Dorsal. 2. epiproct, dorsal. 3. lateral. Fig. 4. Lednia tumana female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4756967/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, 5, 6, 9). The epiproct of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[1197,1304,1397,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1197,1212,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1223,1304,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a dorsal sclerite that is grooved, bears many long hairs and 2- 4 large long black spines that are located at the posterior margin of the sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1248,1346,1504,1528]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[425,1207,570,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-418@5.[425,1207,570,1166]" captionText="Figs. 13-14. Lednia borealis. 13. Male epiproct, dorsal. 14. female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4757032/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1364,1430,1503,1528]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[189,238,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-54@6.[249,1383,215,1803]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15-21.Lednia borealis male genitalia: 15. terminalia, dorsal. 16. epiproct, dorsal. 17. epiproct, dorsal.18. epiproct, lateral. 19. terminalia, ventral. 20. right paraproct. 21. prong on tergum 10. 22. female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753209/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">15-18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[981,1076,1540,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[981,1076,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">L. sierra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be identified without associated males. The larva has fewer distinct cuticular spines when compared to the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1422,1437,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,916,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ricker" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[975,1086,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[975,990,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1003,1086,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">tumana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[835,1443,1148,1919]" lastBlockId="10.[189,798,225,1883]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,976,1681,1705]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Before the description of the two new species herein,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[1025,1140,1717,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1025,1040,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1059,1140,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[1211,1304,1718,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1211,1226,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1244,1304,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">sierra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ricker" authorityYear="1952" box="[835,907,1753,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,907,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Lednia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included a single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ricker" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1211,1321,1753,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1211,1321,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">L. tumana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, restricted to the Glacier-Waterton Lakes International Peace Park region spanning the border of northern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[835,941,1860,1883]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1135,1227,1859,1883]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
. This area has a pivotal position in the Western Cordillera of North America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chase, C. G. & K. M. Gregory-Wedzicki & J. T. Parrish & P. G. DeCelles" box="[315,546,225,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" pagination="73 - 99" refId="ref5823" refString="Chase, C. G., K. M. Gregory-Wedzicki, J. T. Parrish, and P. G. DeCelles. 1998. Chapter 4. Topographic history of the western Cordillera of North America and controls on climate. pp. 73 - 99. In Tectonic boundary conditions for climate reconstruction. T. J. Crowley and K. C. Burke (eds.). Oxford University Press, New York, New York." type="book chapter" year="1998">Chase et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Maritime weather systems unimpeded by mountain ranges to the north and south allow floras and faunas characteristic of the Pacific Northwest to extend to and across the continental divide in the Park (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chase, C. G. & K. M. Gregory-Wedzicki & J. T. Parrish & P. G. DeCelles" box="[574,785,367,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" pagination="73 - 99" refId="ref5823" refString="Chase, C. G., K. M. Gregory-Wedzicki, J. T. Parrish, and P. G. DeCelles. 1998. Chapter 4. Topographic history of the western Cordillera of North America and controls on climate. pp. 73 - 99. In Tectonic boundary conditions for climate reconstruction. T. J. Crowley and K. C. Burke (eds.). Oxford University Press, New York, New York." type="book chapter" year="1998">Chase et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This area is especially rich in alpine and glacial features.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ricker, W. E." box="[316,490,438,462]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" pagination="50 - 71" refId="ref6386" refString="Ricker, W. E. 1964. Distribution of Canadian stoneflies. pp. 50 - 71 in Illies J. (editor). Verhandlungen des 3. internationalen Symposiums uber Plecopteren. Gewasser und Abwasser, 34 - 35: 50 - 71." type="journal article" year="1964">Ricker (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
hypothesized that as Pleistocene ice margins receded northward, there were postglacial faunal invasions forming East-Cordilleran and West-Cordilleran stonefly distributions. The current distribution of the three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ricker" authorityYear="1952" box="[335,407,615,639]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[335,407,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Lednia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to support the above hypothesis. The specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[679,796,651,675]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
near the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[296,364,686,710]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
border occur only a few kilometers west of Grand Teton National Park and not too far from Yellowstone National Park. Similar alpine habitats in northwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[511,617,794,817]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[189,257,829,853]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
may also have
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ricker" authorityYear="1952" box="[473,545,829,853]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[473,545,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Lednia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Lednia borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the northern Cascade Range in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[189,334,900,924]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but it could also occur in the southern Cascade Range in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[409,498,935,959]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[671,793,935,959]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[189,339,971,995]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,339,971,995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Lednia sierra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected from only two counties in the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[366,485,1006,1030]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[566,661,1006,1030]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but should occur in similar habitats nearby. Finally, the Canadian Rockies in both
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[547,635,1077,1101]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
offer a vast area that should be searched for the presence of this interesting genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4753213" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4753213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4753213/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="324" startId="9.[189,236,1859,1883]" targetBox="[249,1383,215,1803]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[189,1445,1859,1919]" pageId="9" pageNumber="324">
|
||
Figs. 25-30.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[311,438,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[311,438,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="324">Lednia sierra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male genitalia: 25. terminalia, dorsal. 26. epiproct, dorsal. 27. epiproct apex, dorsal.28. epiproct, lateral. 29. terminalia, ventral. 30. prong on tergum 10. 31. female terminalia, ventral. 32. female subgenital plate, ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[189,798,225,1883]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">
|
||
The moniker “Meltwater Stonefly” has been proposed for this genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="United States Federal Register" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" refId="ref6615" refString="United States Federal Register. 1991. Part VIII. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 50 CFR. Part 17. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: animal candidate review for listing as endangered or threatened species, proposed rule. 56: 225. Invertebrates, Stoneflies. p. 58824, Thursday November 21, 1991." type="book" year="1991">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[524,692,1219,1244]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
Federal Register 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) because of its supposed occurrence near melting glaciers at high elevations. However, both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[248,356,1326,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[248,356,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">L. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Kondratieff" authorityYear="2010" box="[413,500,1327,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[413,500,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">L. sierra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected from 1
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[203,215,1361,1375]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">st</superScript>
|
||
order rheocrenes draining into alpine lakes. As
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fagre, D. B. & P. L. White & F. R. Hauer & S. W. Running" box="[189,430,1397,1422]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" pagination="755 - 765" refId="ref5948" refString="Fagre, D. B., P. L. White, F. R. Hauer, and S. W. Running. 1997. Watershed responses to climate change at Glacier National Park. Journal of American Water Resources Association, 33: 755 - 765." type="journal article" year="1997">Fagre et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hall, M. H. P. & D. B. Fagre" box="[510,797,1397,1422]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref6050" refString="Hall, M. H. P. and D. B. Fagre. 2003. Modeled climateinduced glacier change in Glacier National Park, 1850 - 2100. Bioscience, 53: 131 - 140." type="journal article" year="2003">Hall and Fagre (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported, under possible future climate scenarios, all glaciers are predicted to disappear by the year
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1562" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" unit="in" value="2030.0">2030 in</quantity>
|
||
the Glacier-Waterton Lakes International Peace Park region, resulting in increased water temperatures in streams draining this region, directly affecting the long-term survivability of stenothermic aquatic invertebrates, no doubt including
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ricker" authorityYear="1952" box="[718,790,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[718,790,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Lednia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are similar scenarios for high elevation watersheds in the Cascade Range (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nolin, A. W. & C. Daly" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" pagination="1164 - 1171" refId="ref6328" refString="Nolin, A. W. and C. Daly. 2006. Mapping " at risk " snow in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 7: 1164 - 1171." type="journal article" year="2006">Nolin and Daly 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[376,495,1752,1776]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[593,685,1752,1776]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, E. P." pageId="10" pageNumber="325" pagination="309 - 325" refId="ref6203" refString="Maurer, E. P. 2007. Uncertainty in hydrologic impacts of climate change in the Sierra Nevada, California, under two emissions scenarios. Climate Change, 82: 309 - 325." type="journal article" year="2007">Maurer 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is imperative that the life history and ecology of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ricker" authorityYear="1952" box="[474,546,1823,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Lednia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[474,546,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Lednia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be understood before they disappear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |