548 lines
67 KiB
XML
548 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="70556B772B1C8B48C0E98112FEDDF3D8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.293373" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cff20ca0-fce7-4cb9-8bd3-11f1da5478c8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293373" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460251846412" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hespenheide, Henry A." docDate="2010" docId="0383A745C07CFFE9D1E3FD8EFB71F82C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02545p046.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2545" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Agrilus lucindae Hespenheide 2010, New Species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFBADF3DC078FFEFD174FFFBFF8AFFD8" masterDocTitle="New Agrilus Curtis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from México and Costa Rica mimicking parasitic wasps" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698242785058" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4C09BC5FF1444E2A431BCB5C6A154AF7">
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<mods:title id="72ACA9FCCCF6CD8E4AAAF37151425ADC">New Agrilus Curtis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from México and Costa Rica mimicking parasitic wasps</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FD1790A9D10F136F75DCC82E46B44EAC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4F0F95C498BC0629F64C6C46C304823B">Hespenheide, Henry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B1628A3F06222B97F5EFBE926DB98E87">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="32CCB5DAD135D59991A1ABDCA07E1432">
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<mods:date id="EF6F135343A3E534EA37408DD1BE2C06">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="86F208BC73879F9F07E56967015D26C4">2010-07-22</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D2BF6F9FA3D98A899D8A70805A2690A7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F2C1A6ABB7E7CC9FC8CAB6DA45D3CECD">2545</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A8CE311026AE2C92A912C55F4EB08907">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3217C27DBE15539A13EFCE1CBA8FD5D4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.293373</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A13BF5A9E093D8F0C19462DD126282EB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BA8D82822377459D03FAE946CD92FD79" type="Zenodo-Dep">293373</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0383A745C07CFFE9D1E3FD8EFB71F82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204365" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119391576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204365" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0383A745C07CFFE9D1E3FD8EFB71F82C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383A745C07CFFE9D1E3FD8EFB71F82C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="C33045D8C07CFFEBD1E3FD8EFE9DFD6A" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B951653C07CFFEBD1E3FD8EFD25FD57" blockId="4.[151,687,629,690]" box="[151,687,629,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="D0DDA13FC07CFFEBD1E3FD8EFD25FD57" bold="true" box="[151,687,629,655]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07CFFEBD1E3FD8EFD25FD57" bold="true" box="[151,687,629,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07CFFEBD1E3FD8EFD83FD57" ID-CoL="B5PW" authority="Hespenheide" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,521,629,655]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucindae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07CFFEBD1E3FD8EFEEAFD57" bold="true" box="[151,352,629,655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Agrilus lucindae</emphasis>
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Hespenheide
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26D773AC07CFFEBD361FD8EFD25FD57" box="[533,687,629,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rank="species">New Species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B951653C07CFFEBD1E3FD63FE9DFD6A" blockId="4.[151,687,629,690]" box="[151,279,664,690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13110AD6C07CFFEBD1EBFD63FE84FD6A" box="[159,270,664,690]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="1.[151,273,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,320,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Wasp-mimicking Agrilus: A. braconicoloratus Hespenheide, figures 1 – 2, dorsal and lateral views, figure 3, male genitalia; A. bellamyi New Species, figures 4 – 5, dorsal and lateral views; A. braconoides New Species, figures 6 – 7, dorsal and lateral views; and A. lucindae New Species, figures 8 – 9, dorsal and lateral views. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293374/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Figs. 8, 9</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33045D8C07CFFEBD1E3FD26FBA2F88F" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B951653C07CFFEBD1E3FD26FACCFBFA" blockId="4.[151,1437,733,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07CFFEBD1E3FD26FEA3FD2F" bold="true" box="[151,297,733,759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Description</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="5491A8F1C07CFFEBD04CFD26FE2CFD2F" box="[312,422,733,759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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female: Slender, in cross-section flattened above, convex below,
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<quantity id="4CD2BBB6C07CFFEBD5C6FD26FA96FD2F" box="[1202,1308,733,759]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="5.85">5.85 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CD2BBB6C07CFFEBD41CFD26FF4FFCC4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="1.45">1.45 mm</quantity>
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wide; head, tibiae and beneath black; pronotum with midline and lateral margins black, otherwise dark reddish-purple; elytra with anterior1/2 metallic red, 1/4 beyond middle black, and posterior 1/4 golden; femora and basal 4 antennomeres green; complex pattern of setae: pale, recumbent, and relatively inconspicuous on lower 1/2 of front, along midline and margins of pronotum and on pronotum beneath, on elytra in oval spots at basal 1/4 just interior to suture, and in broad, somewhat golden oblique band at middle from suture to lateral margins; setae longer and denser in broad transverse band at apical 1/4 of elytra, in a broad oblique patch from middle coxae to upper posterior angles of metasternum, on posterior coxae, on posterior 1/3 of dorsal portion of abdominal ventrite 1, and on lateral portions of abdominal ventrite 3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B951653C07CFFEBD1B2FBD6FE1AFADA" blockId="4.[151,1437,733,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Head with front convex, somewhat swollen and bulbous with slight bluish reflections above eyes, with moderate depression along midline, broader and deeper above antennal insertions, surface transversely rugose with slight golden reflections between eyes; epistoma with transverse ridge between antennal insertions, width 1/3 of distance between inner margins of eyes, ventral margin shallowly emarginate, eyes small, oval; antennae long, slender, serrate from antennomere 5, antennomere 5 triangular, 2/5 wide as long, segments 6– 11 sharply triangular.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B951653C07CFFEBD1B2FAF6FC6BF9DF" blockId="4.[151,1437,733,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Pronotum slightly narrower than elytra at posterior margin, with sides weakly expanded outward nearly to apex, then narrowing slightly; when viewed from side marginal and submarginal carinae slightly undulate, narrowly separated for anterior 5/6; from above, anterior margin produced as narrowly rounded-angulate lobe; basal margin shallowly angulately emarginate at middle of each elytron, slightly emarginate before scutellum; disk convex in cross section, with distinct depression along midline and distinct narrow depressions at posterior angles and along lateral margins; prehumeral carinae absent; disc distinctly rugose. Scutellum rounded in front, acuminate behind with strong raised transverse carina.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B951653C07CFFEBD1B2F9E9FBDDF944" blockId="4.[151,1437,733,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Elytra subequal in width at humeri and at apical 2/3, lateral margins slightly emarginate between, then narrowing to broadly and obliquely rounded-truncate apices; disk weakly costate on basal 1/2, nearly flat on apical 1/2, each elytron with small, strong oval depression at base; surface coarsely imbricate on basal 1/2, more weakly so on apical 1/2; dorsal portions of ventrites 1–2 visible from above.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B951653C07CFFEBD1B2F953FBA2F88F" blockId="4.[151,1437,733,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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Prosternum with sides of prosternal process narrowing between coxae to acute apex; prosternal lobe nearly transverse. Posterior coxae with posterior margins nearly straight, upper exterior angles obtuse. Abdomen with suture between ventrites 1 and 2 obsolete, dorsal portions of ventrites 1–5 narrow, slightly broader at posterior portion of ventrite 1.
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<collectingCountry id="F33D56C3C07CFFEBD30BF8E3FD30F8EA" box="[639,698,1816,1842]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Hind</collectingCountry>
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legs with first metatarsal segment equal in length to next three combined, tarsal claws cleft with inner portion shorter and blunter on all tarsi.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33045D8C07CFFEAD1B2F89EFB3CFF6A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B951653C07CFFEBD1B2F89EFB05F82D" blockId="4.[151,1437,733,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07CFFEBD1B2F89EFE7DF8A7" bold="true" box="[198,503,1893,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<typeStatus id="5491A8F1C07CFFEBD1B2F89EFE89F8A7" box="[198,259,1893,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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<typeStatus id="5491A8F1C07CFFEBD0F1F89EFE7DF8A7" box="[389,503,1893,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07CFFEBD37CF89EFD10F8A7" bold="true" box="[520,666,1893,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<collectingCountry id="F33D56C3C07CFFEBD37CF89EFD1FF8A7" box="[520,661,1893,1919]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Prov. Heredia, F. La Selva,
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<quantity id="4CD2BBB6C07CFFEBD29DF89EFBAFF8A7" box="[1001,1061,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
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S Pto. Viejo,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1E7094C07CFFEBD5B9F89EFAB5F8A7" box="[1229,1343,1890,1919]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="10.433333">10o 26’ N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1E7094C07CFFEBD433F89EFF3EF87C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="-84.01667">84o 01’ W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FF943093C07CFFEBD1B5F871FEC7F87C" box="[193,333,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="1980-03-11">11-iii-1980</date>
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, H.A. Hespenheide, [at]
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<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07CFFEBD3F4F870FD6AF87C" box="[640,736,1931,1956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Justicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07CFFEBD3F4F870FD6AF87C" box="[640,736,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Justicia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED3B8E96C07CFFEBD385F871FCB7F87C" box="[753,829,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y350-djvc" name="Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">INBC</collectionCode>
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).
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<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07CFFEBD222F871FC46F87C" bold="true" box="[854,972,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<typeStatus id="5491A8F1C07CFFEBD222F871FC46F87C" box="[854,972,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: Prov. Cartago, Guayabo Nat. Mont., ~
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<quantity id="4CD2BBB6C07CFFEBD1D2F848FE8EF815" box="[166,260,1971,1997]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1E7094C07CFFEBD066F848FEB2F866" box="[274,312,1968,1997]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="0.15">
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||
0
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1E7094C07CFFEBD055F848FEB2F866" box="[289,312,1968,1997]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" precision="15" value="9.970555">9o</geoCoordinate>
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</geoCoordinate>
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58’14”N;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1E7094C07CFFEBD0C7F848FDC3F815" box="[435,585,1968,1997]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" precision="15" value="-83.69">83o41’24”W</geoCoordinate>
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, 3.6–7.2008, Cate, Barries, Nagy (
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<collectionCode id="ED3B8E96C07CFFEBD284F848FBB4F815" box="[1008,1086,1971,1997]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y350-djvc" name="Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">INBC</collectionCode>
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); Heredia Pr., La Selva Biol. Sta.,
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<quantity id="4CD2BBB6C07CFFEBD1A6F820FE87F82D" box="[210,269,2011,2037]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
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S Pto. Viejo,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1E7094C07CFFEBD0DBF820FDAAF82D" box="[431,544,2008,2037]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="10.433333">10 o 26’ N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1E7094C07CFFEBD353F820FD14F82D" box="[551,670,2008,2037]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="-84.01667">84o 01’ W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<date id="FF943093C07CFFEBD3DEF820FCA4F82D" box="[682,814,2011,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="1988-04-18">18-iv-1988</date>
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||
, H.A. Hespenheide, (
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<collectionCode id="ED3B8E96C07CFFEBD55CF820FBF5F82D" box="[1064,1151,2011,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">CHAH</collectionCode>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B951653C07DFFEAD1B2FF6CFB3CFF6A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,738]" box="[198,1206,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
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||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD1B2FF6CFE8BFF69" bold="true" box="[198,257,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Host</emphasis>
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||
. This species was collected as an adult on
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<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD382FF63FB38FF6A" authority="Schltdl." authorityName="Schltdl." box="[758,1202,152,178]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Justicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurea">
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<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD382FF63FC16FF69" box="[758,924,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Justicia aurea</emphasis>
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Schltdl. (Acanthaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33045D8C07DFFEAD1B2FF46FC81FEFA" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07DFFEAD1B2FF46FC81FEFA" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
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||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD1B2FF46FEC1FF0F" bold="true" box="[198,331,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Etymology</emphasis>
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||
. This species is named in honor of Lucinda McDade who has studied
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<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD5F5FF46FEF1FF24" authority="(McDade & Kinsman 1980)" authorityName="McDade & Kinsman" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="McDade & Kinsman" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Justicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD5F5FF46FAACFF0E" box="[1153,1318,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Justicia aurea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD441FF46FEFBFF24" author="McDade" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="McDade, L. A. & Kinsman, S. (1980) The impact of floral parasitism in two Neotropical hummingbird-pollinated plant species. Evolution, 34, 944 - 958." type="journal article" year="1980">McDade & Kinsman 1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and other
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<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD370FF19FD2FFF24" box="[516,677,226,252]" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Acanthaceae</taxonomicName>
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at La Selva and elsewhere and was lead editor of a volume reviewing research at La Selva (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD37BFEF3FD74FEFA" author="McDade" box="[527,766,264,290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="McDade, L., Bawa, K. S., Hespenheide, H. A. & Hartshorn, G. S., eds. (1994) La Selva: Ecology and History of a Neotropical Rainforest. x + 478 pp. Chicago: University of Chicago Press." type="book" year="1994">
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||
McDade
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||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD309FEF3FD32FEF9" box="[637,696,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1994
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33045D8C07DFFE9D1B2FED6FE92FF6A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07DFFEAD1B2FED6FD7DFDFF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD1B2FED6FEC0FE9F" bold="true" box="[198,330,301,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. In addition to general differences in size and color,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD2C7FED6FB28FE9E" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2010" box="[947,1186,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD2C7FED6FB28FE9E" box="[947,1186,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Agrilus braconoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the marginal and submarginal carinae of the pronotum abruptly and narrowly separated only for the anterior 1/2; a coppery-red metasternum and reddish reflections on the abdomen; a golden epistoma; and more elongate antennae with outer antennomeres narrowly rounded.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD313FE66FD64FE6E" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2010" box="[615,750,413,438]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucindae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD313FE66FD64FE6E" box="[615,750,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. lucindae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having the marginal and submarginal carinae of the pronotum narrowly separated for anterior 5/6 and gradually convergent toward the base; metasternum, abdomen; and epistoma black; and somewhat shorter antennae with the outer antennomeres sharply acute. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5491A8F1C07DFFEAD1B8FDF6FEB6FDFF" box="[204,316,525,551]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
measure 6.90 and 7.00 mm in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07DFFEAD1B2FDC9FECFFD3A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
As noted above under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD0BFFDC9FDDAFD93" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2010" box="[459,592,562,587]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellamyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD0BFFDC9FDDAFD93" box="[459,592,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. bellamyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the mimetic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD39BFDC9FCCFFD93" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1825" box="[751,837,562,587]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD39BFDC9FCCFFD93" box="[751,837,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Agrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described here belong to two very different species groups, the Mexican
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD0DAFDA3FD3FFDA9" box="[430,693,600,625]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconicoloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD0DAFDA3FD3FFDA9" box="[430,693,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. braconicoloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD382FDA3FC07FDA9" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2010" box="[758,909,600,625]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellamyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD382FDA3FC07FDA9" box="[758,909,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. bellamyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Costa Rican
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD5DDFDA3FACAFDA9" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2010" box="[1193,1344,600,625]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucindae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD5DDFDA3FACAFDA9" box="[1193,1344,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. lucindae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD4F5FDA3FEA3FD4E" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD4F5FDA3FEA3FD4E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">A. braconoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Their superficial resemblance to each other is another example of what I have termed mimetic homoplasy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD05CFD59FD81FD64" author="Hespenheide" box="[296,523,674,700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Hespenheide, H. A. (2005) Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion, sibling species, and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107, 671 - 685." type="journal article" year="2005">Hespenheide 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The relationships of these four species with non-mimetic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD5B8FD59FAA9FD63" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1825" box="[1228,1315,674,699]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD5B8FD59FAA9FD63" box="[1228,1315,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Agrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remain to be determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5546DBC07DFFEAD1E3FAF3FB68FAF8" box="[151,1250,1288,1312]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294113/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[504,1061,791,1261]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07DFFEAD1E3FAF3FB68FAF8" blockId="5.[151,1250,1288,1312]" box="[151,1250,1288,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD1E3FAF3FEAFFAF8" bold="true" box="[151,293,1288,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD058FAF2FE29FAF8" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1862" box="[300,419,1289,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Atanycolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD058FAF2FE29FAF8" box="[300,419,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Atanycolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. on log, Madden Forest, Panamá Province, Panamá; photograph by author.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07DFFEAD1B2FA88FEC3F8AB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1395,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD1B2FA88FD16FA55" bold="true" box="[198,668,1395,1421]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Mimicry of braconids by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD336FA88FD16FA55" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1825" box="[578,668,1395,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD336FA88FD16FA55" bold="true" box="[578,668,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Agrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. I previously proposed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD283FA88FB69FA55" author="Hespenheide" box="[1015,1251,1395,1421]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Hespenheide, H. A. (1989) Buprestidae of the subfamilies Agrilinae and Trachyinae from the Chamela Biological Station, Jalisco, Mexico (Coleoptera). Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 77 (" 1988 "), 141 - 210." type="journal article" year="1989">Hespenheide 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD431FA8FFEE0FA6A" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconicoloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD431FA8FFEE0FA6A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Agrilus braconicoloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be mimicking braconids, including species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD50DFA62FA8BFA6A" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1862" box="[1145,1281,1433,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Atanycolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD50DFA62FA8BFA6A" box="[1145,1281,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Atanycolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13110AD6C07DFFEAD466FA62FA07FA6B" box="[1298,1421,1433,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1288,1312]" captionTargetBox="[504,1061,791,1261]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[504,1061,791,1261]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 11. Atanycolus sp. on log, Madden Forest, Panamá Province, Panamá; photograph by author." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294113/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), which are parasitoids of wood-boring beetles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD3AEFA45FB84FA00" author="Quicke" box="[730,1038,1470,1496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Quicke, D. L. J. & Sharkey, M. J. (1989) A key and notes on the genera of Braconinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from America north of Mexico with descriptions of two new genera and three new species. Canadian Entomologist, 121, 337 - 361." type="journal article" year="1989">Quicke & Sharkey 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and models may include other Neotropical braconid genera as well as wasps in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD21DFA18FB45FA25" authority="(Gauld 1991)" authorityName="Gauld" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Gauld" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[873,1231,1507,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Ichneumonidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD546FA18FB4CFA25" author="Gauld" box="[1074,1222,1507,1533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Gauld, I. (1991) The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 1. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 47, 1 - 589." type="journal article" year="1991">Gauld 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Resemblance of other beetles and reduviid bugs to braconids and ichneumonids has been noted long ago as indicated by such specific epithets as “
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD0FFF9D5FDBBF99F" box="[395,561,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">braconiformis</emphasis>
|
||
” or “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD300F9D5FC8FF99F" authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2010" box="[628,773,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Agrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD300F9D5FC8FF99F" box="[628,773,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">braconoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD22EF9D5FBA4F99F" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1870" box="[858,1070,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Isthmiade" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ichneumoniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD22EF9D5FBA4F99F" box="[858,1070,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">ichneumoniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD538F9D5FEBAF9B5" authority="Bates, 1870" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Isthmiade" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ichneumoniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD538F9D5FA16F99F" box="[1100,1436,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Isthmiade ichneumoniformis</emphasis>
|
||
Bates, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD015F9A8FD8BF9B5" author="Clarke" box="[353,513,1619,1645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Clarke, R. O. S. (2009) Bolivian Rhinotragini II: Isthmiade Thomson, 1864 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), with two new species. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo), 49 (no. 44), 577 - 591. Available from http: // www. scielo. br / scielo. php? script = sci _ arttext & pid = S 0031 - 10492009004400001 & lng = en & nrm = iso; accessed on 0 6 Mar. 2010." type="journal article" year="2009">Clarke 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD37BF9AFFC54F9B5" authority="Porter, 1978" authorityName="Porter" authorityYear="1978" box="[527,990,1619,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD37BF9AFFCB8F9B5" box="[527,818,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Epirhyssa braconoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD248F9A8FC54F9B5" author="Porter" box="[828,990,1619,1645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Porter, C. C. (1978) A revision of the genus Epirhyssa (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Studia Entomologia, 20, 297 - 412." type="journal article" year="1978">Porter, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The likelihood that braconids are distasteful has been discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD353F982FD5CF94B" author="Quicke" box="[551,726,1657,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Quicke, D. L. J. (1986) Preliminary notes on homeochromatic associations within and between the Afrotropical Braconinae (Hym., Braconidae) and Lamiinae (Col., Cerambycidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 122, 97 - 109." type="journal article" year="1986">Quicke (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD226F982FC78F94B" author="Gauld" box="[850,1010,1657,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Gauld, I. (1991) The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 1. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 47, 1 - 589." type="journal article" year="1991">Gauld (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
implies that ichneumonids may not be distasteful and would therefore be Batesian mimics of braconids.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD2BEF965FAA8F960" author="Leathers" box="[970,1314,1694,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Leathers, J. W. & Sharkey, M. J. (2003) Taxonomy and life history of Costa Rican Alabagrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a key to world species. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 497, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Leathers and Sharkey (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described mimicry of Central American braconids of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD268F93FFB9FF905" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1920" box="[796,1045,1731,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Alabagrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD268F93FFC13F905" box="[796,921,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Alabagrus</emphasis>
|
||
Enderlein
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by reduviids (also mentioned in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD1E3F912FECCF8DB" author="Sharkey" box="[151,326,1769,1795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Sharkey, M. J. (1988) A taxonomic revision of Alabagrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomology 57, 311 - 437." type="journal article" year="1988">Sharkey 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD300F912FD7EF8DA" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1920" box="[628,756,1769,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Alabagrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD300F912FD7EF8DA" box="[628,756,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Alabagrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD2AFF912FBFEF8DB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[987,1140,1769,1795]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, other similarly colored braconids (probably in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07DFFEAD356F8F5FD2EF8FF" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1862" box="[546,676,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Atanycolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07DFFEAD356F8F5FD2EF8FF" box="[546,676,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Atanycolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Sharkey, personal communication) have been seen on tree falls in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33D56C3C07DFFEAD1C1F8C8FE98F895" box="[181,274,1843,1869]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33D56C3C07DFFEAD038F8C8FE46F895" box="[332,460,1843,1869]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(reported in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07DFFEAD311F8C8FD63F895" author="Opitz" box="[613,745,1843,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Opitz, W. (2008) Classification, natural history, and evolution of Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera, Cleridae). Part VI. The genera Epiphlaeus Spinoza and Opitzius Barr. Annales Zoologici (Warszawa), 58, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2008">Opitz 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are presumably parasitoids of wood-boring insects or their predators.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07DFFEAD1B2F885FBE6F865" blockId="5.[151,1437,1395,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The following is a preliminary list of Central American species or genera that I or others have observed to share a braconid-like color pattern at La Selva Biological Station and/or in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33D56C3C07DFFEAD572F858FBE2F865" box="[1030,1128,1955,1981]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Panamá</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D1E3FF63FE92FF6A" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[151,280,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1E3FF63FE92FF6A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,280,152,178]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33045D8C07EFFE9D1B2FF46FC3CFE4A" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D1B2FF46FEA0FF0F" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[198,298,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1B2FF46FEA0FF0F" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[198,298,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cleridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFF19FD62FF24" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[266,744,226,252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07EFF19FE0BFF23" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1910" box="[266,385,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Enoclerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFF19FE0BFF23" box="[266,385,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Enoclerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.—Hespenheide collection
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFEF3FAC4FEFA" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[266,1358,264,290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07EFEF3FD9EFEF9" box="[266,532,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Epiphlaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fundurufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFEF3FD9EFEF9" box="[266,532,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Epiphlaeus fundurufus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Opitz—in association with a braconid and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D564FEF3FB0DFEF9" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1910" box="[1040,1159,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Enoclerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D564FEF3FB0DFEF9" box="[1040,1159,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Enoclerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D5CBFEF3FACFFEFA" author="Opitz" box="[1215,1349,264,290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Opitz, W. (2008) Classification, natural history, and evolution of Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera, Cleridae). Part VI. The genera Epiphlaeus Spinoza and Opitzius Barr. Annales Zoologici (Warszawa), 58, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2008">Opitz 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFED6FEFAFEB4" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07EFED6FD1FFE9F" authority="(Chevr.)" authorityName="Chevr." baseAuthorityName="Chevr." box="[266,661,301,327]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Megaphloeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFED6FDB8FE9E" box="[266,562,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Megaphloeus marginipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Chevr.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Hespenheide collection
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1B2FEA9FEFAFEB4" box="[198,368,338,364]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFE83FC3CFE4A" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[266,950,376,402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07EFE83FD0EFE4A" authority="(Drury)" authorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityName="Drury" box="[266,644,376,402]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cosmisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFE83FDACFE49" box="[266,550,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Cosmisoma plumicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(Drury)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Hespenheide collection
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33045D8C07EFFE9D07EFE66FF65FDAA" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFE66FE7CFE04" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07EFE66FD36FE6F" ID-CoL="3QD78" authority="Linsley (1961)" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1961" box="[266,700,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Isthmiade" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFE66FD8CFE6E" box="[266,518,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Isthmiade perpulchra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D37AFE66FD36FE6F" author="Linsley" box="[526,700,413,439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Linsley, E. G. (1961) A new species of Isthmiade from Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 63 (1), 65 - 66." type="journal article" year="1961">Linsley (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1B2FE39FEE6FE04" ID-CoL="8HBQ5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[198,364,450,476]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D0F0FE39FE7CFE04" authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1836" box="[388,502,450,476]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baridinae">Baridinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFE13FEDFFDFF" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07EFE13FCB0FDDA" ID-CoL="4DJHK" authority="(Champion) (Prena 2003)" authorityName="Prena" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Champion" box="[266,826,488,514]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pardisomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFE13FD8CFDD9" box="[266,518,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Pardisomus cleroides</emphasis>
|
||
(Champion) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D3DEFE13FCB8FDDA" author="Prena" box="[682,818,488,514]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Prena, J. (2003) The Pardisomus species from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species and one larva (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 53, 199 - 216." type="journal article" year="2003">Prena 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1B2FDF6FEDFFDFF" ID-CoL="CXS" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[198,341,525,551]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mordellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFDC9FF65FDAA" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
undetermined species—Hespenheide collection
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1E3FDA3FF65FDAA" ID-CoL="D2P" box="[151,239,600,626]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33045D8C07EFFE9D1B2FD86FEDEFB8F" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D1B2FD86FCC7FD4F" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[198,845,637,663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1B2FD86FEBFFD4F" box="[198,309,637,663]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tipulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(all in Hespenheide collection, Byers,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D389FD86FCB6FD4E" box="[765,828,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">in litt</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFD59FCA0FD64" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[266,810,674,700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07EFD59FCA0FD64" authority="(Enderlein)" authorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" box="[266,810,674,700]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconoides" subGenus="Eriocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFD59FE08FD63" box="[266,386,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Hexatoma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D0E7FD59FE71FD63" box="[403,507,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Eriocera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D378FD59FD17FD63" box="[524,669,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">braconoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Enderlein)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFD33FDA4FD3A" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[266,558,712,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07EFD33FD8FFD3A" authority="" box="[266,517,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eriocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFD33FE09FD39" box="[266,387,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Hexatoma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D0E7FD33FE71FD39" box="[403,507,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Eriocera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFD16FD3CFCDF" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[266,694,749,775]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07EFD16FD3CFCDF" authority="Westwood" box="[266,694,749,775]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Stigmatomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFD16FDB9FCDE" box="[266,563,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Stigmatomera amazonica</emphasis>
|
||
Westwood
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFCE9FEA8FC8A" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFCE9FE24FCF3" box="[266,430,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Stigmatomera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D0CAFCE9FDEBFCF3" box="[446,609,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Stigmatomera</emphasis>
|
||
) sp. Heteroptera
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D1B2FCA6FEC1FCAF" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[198,331,861,887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1B2FCA6FEC1FCAF" box="[198,331,861,887]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Reduviidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFC79FBC9FC44" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[266,1091,898,924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07EFC79FEF3FC43" box="[266,377,898,923]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFC79FEF3FC43" box="[266,377,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Hiranetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nr.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D0D1FC79FDC1FC43" box="[421,587,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">braconiformis</emphasis>
|
||
(Burmeister) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D383FC79FBB0FC44" author="Leathers" box="[759,1082,898,924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Leathers, J. W. & Sharkey, M. J. (2003) Taxonomy and life history of Costa Rican Alabagrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a key to world species. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 497, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Leathers and Sharkey 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFC53FEBDFC3F" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
5 additional undetermined species— Hespenheide collection
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1E3FC36FEBDFC3F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,311,973,999]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D1B2FC09FEF0FBD4" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[198,378,1010,1036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1B2FC09FEF0FBD4" baseAuthorityName="Gauld" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[198,378,1010,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFBE3FEDEFB8F" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFBE3FE1AFBE9" box="[266,400,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Acrotophus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. —Hespenheide collection
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1B2FBC6FEDEFB8F" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[198,340,1085,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33045D8C07EFFE9D07EFB98FB31F95A" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D07EFB98FD60FBA4" blockId="6.[151,1358,152,1148]" box="[266,746,1122,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07EFB98FD60FBA4" authority="Kimsey (1986)" authorityName="Kimsey" authorityYear="1986" box="[266,746,1122,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Cleptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07EFB98FEF6FBA4" box="[266,380,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Cleptidea</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D0DCFB98FDB9FBA4" box="[424,563,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D34EFB99FD60FBA4" author="Kimsey" box="[570,746,1122,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Kimsey, L. S. (1986) Cleptidea revisited (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 59, 314 - 324." type="journal article" year="1986">Kimsey (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D1B2FB53FB31F95A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1192,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Mimicry complexes that include braconids or ichneumonids and cerambycid beetles of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1E3FB36FE81FB3E" ID-CoL="55QS" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,267,1229,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Isthmiade" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D1E3FB36FE81FB3E" box="[151,267,1229,1254]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Isthmiade</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also found in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33D56C3C07EFFE9D35EFB36FD05FB3F" box="[554,655,1229,1255]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D3EAFB36FCBEFB3F" author="Clarke" box="[670,820,1229,1255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Clarke, R. O. S. (2009) Bolivian Rhinotragini II: Isthmiade Thomson, 1864 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), with two new species. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo), 49 (no. 44), 577 - 591. Available from http: // www. scielo. br / scielo. php? script = sci _ arttext & pid = S 0031 - 10492009004400001 & lng = en & nrm = iso; accessed on 0 6 Mar. 2010." type="journal article" year="2009">Clarke 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D2B6FB36FAEFFB3F" ID-CoL="S9K8" authority="(Newman)" authorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[962,1381,1229,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centrocerum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exornatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D2B6FB36FB6AFB3E" box="[962,1248,1229,1254]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Centrocerum exornatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Newman)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D370FB09FD1FFAD4" ID-CoL="C2L" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[516,661,1266,1292]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
/elaphid/Centroce.htm).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D2B8FB09FB00FAD4" author="Poulton" box="[972,1162,1266,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Poulton, E. B. (1935) A reduviid bug mimicking a braconid, and an asilid fly mimicking a bee, collected in British Guiana by Dr. J. G. Myers. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society, London, 1935, 95 - 96." type="book chapter" year="1935">Poulton (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the reduviid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1E3FAE3FE35FAEA" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[151,447,1304,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D1E3FAE3FE03FAE9" box="[151,393,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Hiranetis cingulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Stål
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a braconid mimic, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D38FFAE3FC17FAEA" author="Elkins" box="[763,925,1304,1330]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Elkins, J. C. (1969) A new genus of hemipteran wasp mimics. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 42, 456 - 461." type="journal article" year="1969">Elkins (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gives the names of several other genera of putative mimetic reduviids (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D080FAC6FD0BFA8E" ID-CoL="89NK" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityYear="1909" box="[500,641,1341,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Xystonyttus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D080FAC6FD0BFA8E" box="[500,641,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Xystonyttus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D3E5FAC6FCE8FA8E" ID-CoL="62YN" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityYear="1909" box="[657,866,1341,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Neotropiconyttus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D3E5FAC6FCE8FA8E" box="[657,866,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Neotropiconyttus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D2DCFAC6FBDFFA8E" ID-CoL="4QWD" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" box="[936,1109,1341,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Graptocleptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D2DCFAC6FBDFFA8E" box="[936,1109,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Graptocleptes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Mimicry complexes that include braconids are not restricted to the Neotropics;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D27BFA99FC32FAA4" author="Quicke" box="[783,952,1378,1404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Quicke, D. L. J. (1986) Preliminary notes on homeochromatic associations within and between the Afrotropical Braconinae (Hym., Braconidae) and Lamiinae (Col., Cerambycidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 122, 97 - 109." type="journal article" year="1986">Quicke (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
documents similar relationships between African braconids and cerambycids. Other taxa bearing the specific name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D555FA73FB3EFA79" box="[1057,1204,1416,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hexatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D555FA73FB3EFA79" box="[1057,1204,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">braconoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” include the Asian cercopid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D07CFA56FD1DFA1F" ID-CoL="68VN2" authority="(Walker)" authorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[264,663,1453,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Callitettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D07CFA56FDA9FA1E" box="[264,547,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Callitettix braconoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Heteroptera; http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/ 2010/details/species/id/7487773), the Antillean trichopteran
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D215FA28FB40FA34" ID-CoL="7S86G" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[865,1226,1490,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D215FA28FBE4FA34" box="[865,1134,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Chimarra braconoides</emphasis>
|
||
Walker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D5AEFA29FEABF9CA" ID-CoL="625XC" authority=", Flint 1998" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Philopotamidae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D1E3FA03FEABF9CA" author="Flint" box="[151,289,1528,1554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Flint, OS., Jr. (1998) Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies, LIII: A Taxonomic Revision of the Subgenus Curgia of the Genus Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 594, 1 - 131." type="journal article" year="1998">Flint 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; http://insectdatabases.oeb.harvard.edu/Caribbean/Mantisweb/FMPro?-DB=Image.drd&- Lay=web&-Format=images_dr.htm&Species_ID=CMNH288385&-Find), and the South American mirids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D1E3F9B8FDC3F984" ID-CoL="43ZWT" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,585,1602,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D1E3F9B8FE6BF984" box="[151,481,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Monalonion braconoides</emphasis>
|
||
Walker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D30EF9B8FC2EF984" ID-CoL="43ZWM" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[634,932,1602,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Monalonion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D30EF9B8FCACF984" box="[634,806,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">M. annulipes</emphasis>
|
||
Signoret
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; http://research.amnh.org/pbi/catalog/ names.php?b_id=3314) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D090F993FCD8F95A" ID-CoL="4RN2R" authority="(Walker)" authorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[484,850,1640,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Rayieria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D090F993FD6BF959" box="[484,737,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Rayieria braconoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Heteroptera;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D289F993FB25F95A" author="Carvalho" box="[1021,1199,1640,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Carvalho, J. C. M. (1981) Analecta miridologica, V: Observations on type specimens in the British Museum of Natural History (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 41, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1981">Carvalho 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33045D8C07EFFE9D1B2F976FB71F82C" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B951653C07EFFE9D1B2F976FB71F82C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1192,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Members of other hymenopteran families—
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D3A5F976FD71F97E" box="[721,763,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
, mutillids and sawflies—share very similar patterns and are almost certainly Mullerian co-models by possessing strong stings or distastefulness. The functional roles of other taxa participating in these mimicry complexes—whether Mullerian co-models or Batesian mimicsremain to be determined; for example, the chrysidid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D264F907FB93F8CD" authorityName="Kimsey" authorityYear="1986" box="[784,1049,1788,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Cleptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D264F907FB93F8CD" box="[784,1049,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Cleptidea panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D5FEF907FA16F8CE" authority="(Ducke)" authorityName="Ducke" baseAuthorityName="Ducke" box="[1162,1436,1788,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Cleptidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutilloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D5FEF907FAB8F8CD" box="[1162,1330,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">C. mutilloides</emphasis>
|
||
(Ducke)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group and may be a parasitoid of sawflies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D39CF8DAFC00F8E3" author="Kimsey" box="[744,906,1825,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Kimsey, L. S. (1986) Cleptidea revisited (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 59, 314 - 324." type="journal article" year="1986">Kimsey 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A number of clerid beetles commonly share the color patterns discussed here (for example, see the image of the North American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D5DBF8BCFF61F85D" authority="(Fabr.)" authorityName="Fabr." baseAuthorityName="Fabr." class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Thanasimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D5DBF8BCFA16F8B8" box="[1199,1436,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Thanasimus dubius</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabr.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=0013010), and beetles from other families have specific names such as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A6DD0C07EFFE9D303F86AFD6DF872" authorityName="Prena" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Champion" box="[631,743,1937,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pardisomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95ECA41C07EFFE9D303F86AFD6DF872" box="[631,743,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">cleroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and their role may be especially interesting. Although conoderine weevils participate in a number of mimicry complexes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB6BA2C07EFFE9D2CCF84DFB13F808" author="Hespenheide" box="[952,1177,1974,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" refString="Hespenheide, H. A. (1995) Mimicry in the Zygopinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 14, 145 - 154." type="journal article" year="1995">Hespenheide 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), they don’t appear to participate in this one, presumably because they lack the elongate, narrow bodies of the models.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |