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<document id="CF7A343914612854D07893572FDF8EC6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177463" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eab8d711-9285-4aee-b640-57345547cad8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177463" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459860813048" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Londt, Jason G. H." docDate="2007" docId="03833F12FF98740E248DFD718B3EFD57" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01521p018.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1521" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo 1925" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFBA476AFF9D7406241AFFB6880DFFED" masterDocTitle="A review of Afrotropical Perasis Hermann, 1905 (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698226056703" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="9481130A6D3D4305EAE061DB49B7F431" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1876D7047037FE30FE9063013D0ABB44">
<mods:title id="487AAF3C82565F63B6DBE0ACE5D4D98F">A review of Afrotropical Perasis Hermann, 1905 (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8ED30E36706886CEA24FA17371DD6436" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B48DF6EA110CF29F3F46311B9559930A">
<mods:roleTerm id="447007F69CB3D8F52A6468EAF0621DCC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F68A7AD89E7EA0E3421550E6F4B42FE6">Londt, Jason G. H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="3E6B9033368BD6E220C31259A4F97322">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="7F75328011B963560CC3C7F2A6218016" type="host">
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<mods:title id="CBFC52A77D7C43D6082E0B746E9A74BA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4DBF31691EDF8D82784EE9B073263BDB">
<mods:date id="835B2DAE2A71C21C3C0F4326A676DC43">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4C211709C98BFC0509B757F13D6AB48E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="397D16B2E6E3033FD6FCF97552BBAB38">2007-07-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="848838EB0AC17935CD327B837703416A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="517D8066E0DA2CA108097FB97C28429F">1521</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BD7ED0BB8FB78B35B6F60F7598F5650C">9</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FA95D9F50C305511070D540077B6F85E">18</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="98CBA240723E6839E7F2F1911E3DCB55">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="713E636472BCB57637AD492C723BDFB1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.177463</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D9556C54A614AC42D7F334A48E2589E5" type="GBIF-Dataset">eab8d711-9285-4aee-b640-57345547cad8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D6261C3AFCB84663DAD012EE44783C8F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9583CB0B9DB4B1BC1EA5BB3397B5B7B7" type="Zenodo-Dep">177463</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03833F12FF98740E248DFD718B3EFD57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246968" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159862923" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6246968" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03833F12FF98740E248DFD718B3EFD57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03833F12FF98740E248DFD718B3EFD57" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="C330DD8FFF987403248DFD718A02FD0C" box="[151,527,711,737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF987403248DFD718A02FD0C" blockId="5.[151,527,711,772]" box="[151,527,711,737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF987403248DFD718A02FD0C" ID-CoL="7742J" authority="Ricardo" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,527,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF987403248DFD718A02FD0C" bold="true" box="[151,527,711,737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF987403248DFD7189AEFD0C" bold="true" box="[151,419,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Perasis transvaalensis</emphasis>
Ricardo
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C330DD8FFF987403248DFD5C894BFCE9" box="[151,326,746,772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF987403248DFD5C894BFCE9" blockId="5.[151,527,711,772]" box="[151,326,746,772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<figureCitation id="13119281FF987403248DFD5C88F3FCE9" box="[151,254,746,772]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[151,269,902,926]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,255,1561,1585]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1414,341,888]" captionTargetBox-1="[175,1391,1082,1525]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[761,1418,379,886]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[175,1417,1050,1552]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–2. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic female habitus. 1. Dorsal. 2. Lateral." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic male wing." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/177464/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/177465/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9874032511FD5C894BFCE9" box="[267,326,746,772]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 9–12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13–14" captionStart-2="FIGURE 15" captionStartId-0="5.[151,270,1947,1971]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,270,1414,1438]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,255,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox-0="[350,1196,1109,1904]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1408,794,1413]" captionTargetBox-2="[306,1280,724,1783]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[350,1242,1109,1933]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[156,1431,751,1421]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[301,1285,717,1791]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 9–12. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic male terminalia. 9. Lateral. 10. Dorsal. 11. Ventral view of hypandrium. 12. Ventral. Scale line 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 13–14. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic female terminalia. 13. Ventral. 14. Dorsal. Scale line 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 15. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925, distribution map showing major rivers." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/177467/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/177468/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/177469/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">9–15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C330DD8FFF987403248DFC838A8FFC01" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF987403248DFC83891FFC81" blockId="5.[151,1436,821,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3AA92AFF987403248DFC83891FFC81" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8BA815FF987403248DFC838A91FCA1" author="Ricardo" authority="Ricardo, 1925: 245" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityPageNumber="245" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,668,821,844]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" refString="Ricardo, G. (1925) New species of Asilidae from South Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Zoology, Botany and Geology, (9) 15, 234 - 282." species="transvaalensis" treatmentPage="245" treatmentTaxon="Perasis transvaalensis" type="journal article" year="1925">
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF987403248DFC838A91FCA1" ID-CoL="7742J" authority="Ricardo, 1925: 245" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityPageNumber="245" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,668,821,844]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF987403248DFC838987FCA1" box="[151,394,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Perasis transvaalensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF987403258EFC838A91FCA1" author="Ricardo" box="[404,668,821,844]" firstAuthor="Ricardo" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Ricardo, G. (1925) New species of Asilidae from South Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Zoology, Botany and Geology, (9) 15, 234 - 282." type="journal article" year="1925">Ricardo, 1925: 245–245</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(as
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF98740326D7FC838B57FCA1" box="[717,858,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">transvalensis</emphasis>
) (
<collectingCountry id="F33DCE94FF9874032769FC838C09FCA1" box="[883,1028,821,844]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Delarey);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8BA815FF9874032065FC838D5BFCA1" author="Oldroyd" box="[1151,1366,821,844]" page="354" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Oldroyd, H. (1980) Family Asilidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. ed. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. London: British Museum (Natural History) pp. 334 - 373." treatmentPage="354" treatmentTaxon="Perasis transvaalensis" type="book chapter" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9874032065FC838D5BFCA1" author="Oldroyd" box="[1151,1366,821,844]" firstAuthor="Oldroyd" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Oldroyd, H. (1980) Family Asilidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. ed. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. London: British Museum (Natural History) pp. 334 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1980">Oldroyd, 1980: 354</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF987403248DFCC38C02FC61" blockId="5.[151,1436,821,1004]" box="[151,1039,885,908]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3AA92AFF987403248DFCC38C02FC61" box="[151,1039,885,908]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8BA815FF987403248DFCC38A0AFC61" author="Engel" authority="Engel, 1929: 162" authorityName="Engel" authorityPageNumber="162" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,519,885,908]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" refString="Engel, E. O. (1929) New or little known Asilidae from South Africa. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 13, 154 - 171." species="capensis" treatmentPage="162" treatmentTaxon="Perasis capensis" type="journal article" year="1929">
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF987403248DFCC38A0AFC61" ID-CoL="76S2H" authority="Engel, 1929: 162" authorityName="Engel" authorityPageNumber="162" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,519,885,908]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF987403248DFCC38944FC61" box="[151,329,885,908]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Perasis capensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF987403254AFCC38A0AFC61" author="Engel" box="[336,519,885,908]" firstAuthor="Engel" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Engel, E. O. (1929) New or little known Asilidae from South Africa. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 13, 154 - 171." type="journal article" year="1929">Engel, 1929: 162</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(unavailable name: first published as synonym).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF987403248DFC238B56FC41" blockId="5.[151,1436,821,1004]" box="[151,859,917,940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3AA92AFF987403248DFC238B56FC41" box="[151,859,917,940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8BA815FF987403248DFC2389FCFC41" author="Engel" authority=": Engel 1929: 162" authorityName=": Engel" authorityPageNumber="162" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,497,917,940]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" refString="Engel, E. O. (1929) New or little known Asilidae from South Africa. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 13, 154 - 171." species="maura" treatmentPage="162" treatmentTaxon="Perasis maura" type="journal article" year="1929">
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF987403248DFC2389FCFC41" ID-CoL="7742H" authority=": Engel 1929: 162" authorityName=": Engel" authorityPageNumber="162" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,497,917,940]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maura">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF987403248DFC23893FFC41" box="[151,306,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Perasis maura</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF987403255BFC2389FCFC41" author="Engel" box="[321,497,917,940]" firstAuthor="Engel" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Engel, E. O. (1929) New or little known Asilidae from South Africa. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 13, 154 - 171." type="journal article" year="1929">Engel 1929: 162</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
not Macquart (misidentification).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF987403248DFC038C30FC21" blockId="5.[151,1436,821,1004]" box="[151,1085,949,972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3AA92AFF987403248DFC038C30FC21" box="[151,1085,949,972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8BA815FF987403248DFC038A5AFC21" author="Hermann" authority="Hermann, 1920: 177" authorityName="Hermann" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,599,949,972]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" refString="Hermann, F. (1920) Beitrag zur allgemeinen Systematik der Asiliden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 43, 161 - 194." species="meridionalis" treatmentPage="177" treatmentTaxon="Perasis meridionalis" type="journal article" year="1920">
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF987403248DFC038A5AFC21" ID-CoL="6V3QJ" authority="Hermann, 1920: 177" authorityName="Hermann" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,599,949,972]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF987403248DFC038979FC21" box="[151,372,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Perasis meridionalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9874032561FC038A5AFC21" author="Hermann" box="[379,599,949,972]" firstAuthor="Hermann" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Hermann, F. (1920) Beitrag zur allgemeinen Systematik der Asiliden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 43, 161 - 194." type="journal article" year="1920">Hermann, 1920: 177</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(unavailable name: no description provided).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF987403248DFC638A8FFC01" blockId="5.[151,1436,821,1004]" box="[151,642,981,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3AA92AFF987403248DFC638A8FFC01" box="[151,642,981,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8BA815FF987403248DFC638A73FC01" author="Hull" authority=": Hull, 1962: 104" authorityName="Hull" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,638,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Saucropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" refString="Hull, F. M. (1962) Robber flies of the World. The genera of the family Asilidae. Bulletin of the. United States National Museum, 224 (1), 1 - 430, (2), 431 - 907." species="transvaalensis" treatmentPage="104" treatmentTaxon="Saucropogon transvaalensis" type="journal article" year="1962">
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF987403248DFC638A73FC01" authority=": Hull, 1962: 104" authorityName="Hull" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,638,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Saucropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF987403248DFC6389C8FC01" box="[151,453,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Saucropogon transvaalensis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF98740325C9FC638A73FC01" author="Hull" box="[467,638,981,1004]" firstAuthor="Hull" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Hull, F. M. (1962) Robber flies of the World. The genera of the family Asilidae. Bulletin of the. United States National Museum, 224 (1), 1 - 430, (2), 431 - 907." type="journal article" year="1962">Hull, 1962: 104</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C330DD8FFF987400248DFBAE89D4FD0F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF987403248DFBAE8B4DFBBE" blockId="5.[151,1398,1047,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
General description: See
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF98740325A4FBAE8A79FBDF" author="Ricardo" box="[446,628,1048,1074]" firstAuthor="Ricardo" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refString="Ricardo, G. (1925) New species of Asilidae from South Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Zoology, Botany and Geology, (9) 15, 234 - 282." type="journal article" year="1925">Ricardo (1925)</bibRefCitation>
. Entire topotypic Ψ (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF987403277DFBAE8BDCFBDF" box="[871,977,1048,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="1.[151,269,902,926]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,341,888]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[761,1418,379,886]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic female habitus. 1. Dorsal. 2. Lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177464/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
), right wing of topotypic ♂ (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9874032105FBAE8D6BFBDF" box="[1311,1382,1048,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1561,1585]" captionTargetBox="[175,1391,1082,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[175,1417,1050,1552]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic male wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177465/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Description ♂
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF55DE8CFF987403248DF82D8ABEF838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177467/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[350,1196,1109,1904]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF987403248DF82D8ABEF838" blockId="5.[151,1436,1947,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF987403248DF82D8946F85E" bold="true" box="[151,331,1947,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">FIGURES 9–12</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9874032541F82A8AFEF85E" authority="Ricardo, 1925" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[347,755,1948,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9874032541F82A8A43F85E" box="[347,590,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Perasis transvaalensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF987403264DF82A8AFEF85E" author="Ricardo, G." box="[599,755,1948,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" pagination="234 - 282" refId="ref5826" refString="Ricardo, G. (1925) New species of Asilidae from South Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Zoology, Botany and Geology, (9) 15, 234 - 282." type="journal article" year="1925">Ricardo, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Topotypic male terminalia. 9. Lateral. 10. Dorsal. 11. Ventral view of hypandrium. 12. Ventral. Scale line 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9B740024DCFF2E89DAFDF7" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
Genital capsule of dissected male rotated counter-clockwise through about 90° (Note: this character is variable. Of
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9B74002531FF76896FFF3E" box="[299,354,192,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="generic">15 ♂</specimenCount>
examined 8, were rotated counter-clockwise, 7 clockwise, and the degree of rotation varied between approx. 45–90°). Epandrium in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9B74002706FF5E8B7EFEEF" box="[796,883,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[350,1196,1109,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[350,1242,1109,1933]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic male terminalia. 9. Lateral. 10. Dorsal. 11. Ventral view of hypandrium. 12. Ventral. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177467/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) obviously longer than wide (length: breadth ration = 1: 1.38), in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9B7400263FFEA68A66FEC7" box="[549,619,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[350,1196,1109,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[350,1242,1109,1933]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic male terminalia. 9. Lateral. 10. Dorsal. 11. Ventral view of hypandrium. 12. Ventral. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177467/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) broad, slightly curved, proximally slightly constricted ventrally, distally with broadly rounded end. Proctiger in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9B74002723FE8E8B83FEBF" box="[825,910,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[350,1196,1109,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[350,1242,1109,1933]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic male terminalia. 9. Lateral. 10. Dorsal. 11. Ventral view of hypandrium. 12. Ventral. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177467/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) narrowly rounded distally and projecting to same level attained by epandrial lobes. Hypandrium in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9B740027F2FED68C4DFE97" box="[1000,1088,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[350,1196,1109,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[350,1242,1109,1933]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic male terminalia. 9. Lateral. 10. Dorsal. 11. Ventral view of hypandrium. 12. Ventral. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177467/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) tapering sharply to narrow, somewhat truncated distal end. Gonocoxite in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9B74002757FE3E8B9FFE4F" box="[845,914,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[350,1196,1109,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[350,1242,1109,1933]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic male terminalia. 9. Lateral. 10. Dorsal. 11. Ventral view of hypandrium. 12. Ventral. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177467/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) with somewhat rounded appearance, dorsal lobe slender (usually visible in dry condition); gonostylus in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9B740027EEFE068C37FE27" box="[1012,1082,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,270,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[238,1300,1065,1966]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[232,1337,1065,1992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Perasis carpenteri Oldroyd, 1970. Holotype male terminalia. 4. Lateral. 5. Dorsal. 6. Ventral view of hypandrium. 7. Gonocoxite lateral view. 8. Ventral. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177466/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) rounded apically and bearing an obviously backwardly-directed dorsal spine. Aedeagal base in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9B74002046FE6E8CB9FE1F" box="[1116,1204,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[350,1196,1109,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[350,1242,1109,1933]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic male terminalia. 9. Lateral. 10. Dorsal. 11. Ventral view of hypandrium. 12. Ventral. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177467/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) with long distally directed lateral projections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9B740024DCFD9E8B74FDAF" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,738]" box="[198,889,551,578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
Description of female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9B7400265BFD9E8AC6FDAF" box="[577,715,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–14" captionStartId="6.[151,270,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[156,1408,794,1413]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[156,1431,751,1421]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–14. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic female terminalia. 13. Ventral. 14. Dorsal. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177468/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
: Topotypic Ψ):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9B740024DCFDE689D4FD0F" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
Terminalia dorsoventrally compressed. Hypogynium (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9B74002754FDE68BABFD87" box="[846,934,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–14" captionStartId="6.[151,270,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[156,1408,794,1413]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[156,1431,751,1421]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–14. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic female terminalia. 13. Ventral. 14. Dorsal. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177468/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) with well-developed setose lateral lobes and a pair of smaller, somewhat truncate distomedial lobes bearing fine setulae. Proctiger with supraanale (cerci) fused basally, bilobed distally (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9B74002641FD168ABEFD57" box="[603,691,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–14" captionStartId="6.[151,270,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[156,1408,794,1413]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[156,1431,751,1421]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–14. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic female terminalia. 13. Ventral. 14. Dorsal. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177468/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
); subanale (
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9B74002759FD168B95FD57" box="[835,920,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–14" captionStartId="6.[151,270,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[156,1408,794,1413]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[156,1431,751,1421]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–14. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic female terminalia. 13. Ventral. 14. Dorsal. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177468/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) composed of two sclerotised lobes, apparently fused proxiomedially.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF55DE8CFF9B7400248DFA3088D1FA2D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177468/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[156,1408,794,1413]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9B7400248DFA3088D1FA2D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1414,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9B7400248DFA30895BFA73" bold="true" box="[151,342,1414,1438]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">FIGURES 13–14</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9B74002579FA308AFEFA70" authority="Ricardo, 1925" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[355,755,1414,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9B74002579FA308A5EFA70" box="[355,595,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Perasis transvaalensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9B74002640FA308AFEFA70" author="Ricardo, G." box="[602,755,1414,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="234 - 282" refId="ref5826" refString="Ricardo, G. (1925) New species of Asilidae from South Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Zoology, Botany and Geology, (9) 15, 234 - 282." type="journal article" year="1925">Ricardo, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Topotypic female terminalia. 13. Ventral. 14. Dorsal. Scale line 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C330DD8FFF9B740124DCFA458B0BFD7F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9B740024DCFA458A0EF938" blockId="6.[151,1437,1523,2029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9B740024DCFA458902F9E0" box="[198,271,1523,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9B740024DCFA458902F9E0" box="[198,271,1523,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">TYPE</typeStatus>
</collectionCode>
SPECIMENS.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9B740025DCFA458A75F9E0" author="Ricardo" box="[454,632,1523,1549]" firstAuthor="Ricardo" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" refString="Ricardo, G. (1925) New species of Asilidae from South Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Zoology, Botany and Geology, (9) 15, 234 - 282." type="journal article" year="1925">Ricardo (1925)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9B740026EFFA428B93F9E0" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[757,926,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9B740026EFFA428B93F9E0" box="[757,926,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">transvaalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on ‘
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9B740027D7FA458C15F9E0" box="[973,1048,1523,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Types</typeStatus>
(male and female) from Delarey, W. Transvaal (
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9B7400255DF9AA89B3F9D8" box="[327,446,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Dr. Braun</emphasis>
), and another from same locality in South African Mus. Coll.’. This suggests that Ricardo saw only three specimens, one being in the
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9B74002703F9F58B61F9B0" box="[793,876,1603,1629]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">SAMC</collectionCode>
collection (see comment below and listing of material studied). Although Hermann did not publish the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9B740027E3F9DA8C53F968" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="1929" box="[1017,1118,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9B740027E3F9DA8C53F968" box="[1017,1118,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is a specimen in the
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9B7400248DF92588E1F940" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[151,236,1683,1709]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">NMSA</collectionCode>
which bears an orange type-label similar to those commonly used by Hermann. The specimen is a typical example of
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9B74002549F90A89F1F938" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[339,508,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9B74002549F90A89F1F938" box="[339,508,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">transvaalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9B740124DCF9558B0BFD7F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1523,2029]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,658]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
MATERIAL STUDIED. I have seen one
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9B740026D8F9558AF9F910" box="[706,756,1763,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
specimen from the
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9B740027F6F9558C49F910" box="[1004,1092,1763,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">BMNH</collectionCode>
and a pair from the
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9B74002153F9558D91F910" box="[1353,1436,1763,1789]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">SAMC</collectionCode>
which I consider to be the
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9B740025D5F8BD8A1CF8C8" box="[463,529,1803,1829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">types</typeStatus>
. While there are a number of other specimens with similar label data in other collections, there is no evidence that Ricardo studied any of these additional specimens.
<collectingCountry id="F33DCE94FF9B740020BEF8858CC9F8A0" box="[1188,1220,1843,1869]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">As</collectingCountry>
she did not designate a
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9B740024FFF8ED8943F898" box="[229,334,1883,1909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, I regard the three specimens mentioned above as
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9B740027BCF8ED8C01F898" box="[934,1036,1883,1909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
and so here designate the
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9B74002153F8ED8D91F898" box="[1353,1436,1883,1909]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">SAMC</collectionCode>
male as
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9B740024EDF835896EF870" box="[247,355,1923,1949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and the other specimens as
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9B740026B4F8358B56F870" box="[686,859,1923,1949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
. A complete list of material allocated to this species is as follows:
<collectingCountry id="F33DCE94FF9B7400259BF81D8A6BF828" box="[385,614,1963,1989]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9B7400259BF81D8A6BF828" bold="true" box="[385,614,1963,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">SOUTH AFRICA</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
: 1Ψ (intended
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9B7400273EF81D8B9DF828" box="[804,912,1963,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9B7400273EF81D8B9DF828" bold="true" box="[804,912,1963,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9B740027DAF81A8C28F828" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="1929" box="[960,1061,1964,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9B740027DAF81A8C28F828" box="[960,1061,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), ‘Waterberg / Distr. [
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9B74002123F81D8D91F828" box="[1337,1436,1963,1989]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="-24.0">24°00’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9B7400248DF86588F6F800" box="[151,251,2003,2029]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="28.0">28°00’E</geoCoordinate>
]
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9B74002510F865897DF800" box="[266,368,2003,2029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" value="1898" valueMax="1899">1898–99</date>
/ v. Jutrzencka’, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9B7400265BF8628A94F800" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[577,665,2004,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9B7400265BF8628A94F800" box="[577,665,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Perasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9B740026AAF8628B18F800" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="1929" box="[688,789,2004,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9B740026AAF8628B18F800" box="[688,789,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Herm. / Type’ [cream, handwritten] (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9B740020C1F8658D3BF800" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[1243,1334,2003,2029]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">NMSA</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9B74002151F8658D66F80B" box="[1355,1387,2003,2029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
1Ψ, Waterberg / Distr.,
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A74012590FF2E89FDFF5F" box="[394,496,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1898" valueMax="1899">1898–99</date>
/ v. Jutrzencka (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A740126D1FF2E8B2BFF5F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[715,806,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">NMSA</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9A74012758FF2E8B6FFF46" box="[834,866,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="generic">5♂</specimenCount>
5Ψ, Nylsvley Nature Reserve,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A740120E8FF2E8D8BFF5F" box="[1266,1414,152,178]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="-24.62915">24°37.749’S</geoCoordinate>
:
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A7401248DFF768933FF37" box="[151,318,192,218]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="28.682734">028°40.964’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A74012553FF7689CAFF37" box="[329,455,192,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="2003-11-11">11.xi.2003</date>
, Londt,
<quantity id="4CD223E1FF9A74012632FF768A71FF37" box="[552,636,192,218]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0559999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1056.0">1056m</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9A74012692FF768AD4FF37" box="[648,729,192,218]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
savannah, Hide area adjacent to vley (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012081FF768CFBFF37" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[1179,1270,192,218]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">NMSA</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9A74012110FF768D26FF3E" box="[1290,1323,192,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
1Ψ, Wtb. [Waterberg] Dist., Platriver, [Platrivier -
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A7401266DFF5E8ADAFEEF" box="[631,727,232,258]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-25.166666">25°10’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A740126FAFF5E8B4BFEEF" box="[736,838,232,258]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="28.083334">28°05’E</geoCoordinate>
],
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A74012741FF5E8BD7FEEF" box="[859,986,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1903-11-01">1–11 1903</date>
, Jutrencha (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012072FF5E8CCEFEEF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[1128,1219,232,258]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">NMSA</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9A740120C2FF5E8CF4FF16" box="[1240,1273,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9A7401211BFF518D7CFEEC" box="[1281,1393,231,257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A7401211BFF518D7CFEEC" bold="true" box="[1281,1393,231,257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">lectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
1Ψ
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9A7401248DFEB9894FFEC4" box="[151,322,271,297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A7401248DFEB9894FFEC4" bold="true" box="[151,322,271,297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">paralectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9A7401254EFEA689F0FEC4" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[340,509,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A7401254EFEA689F0FEC4" box="[340,509,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">transvaalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), ‘Delarey [=Delareyville - 2625CB] / W. Transvaal / Dr. Brauns /
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A74012107FEA68D63FEC7" box="[1309,1390,272,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1917-01">i.1917</date>
’, ‘♂
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9A7401248DFE8E88F3FEBF" box="[151,254,312,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9A7401250CFE8E8963FEBC" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[278,366,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A7401250CFE8E8963FEBC" box="[278,366,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">Perasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9A7401259CFE8E8A22FEBC" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[390,559,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A7401259CFE8E8A22FEBC" box="[390,559,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">transvaalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ n. sp. Ricardo’. (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012714FE8E8B6AFEBF" box="[782,871,312,338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">SAMC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9A74012767FE8E8B93FEA6" box="[893,926,312,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="549130A6FF9A740127BFFE818C5DFEBC" box="[933,1104,311,337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A740127BFFE818C5DFEBC" bold="true" box="[933,1104,311,337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">paralectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9A74012078FE8E8D06FEBC" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[1122,1291,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A74012078FE8E8D06FEBC" box="[1122,1291,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">transvaalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), ‘Delarey / W Transvaal / Dr. Brauns /
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A740125C5FED68A58FE97" box="[479,597,352,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1917-01-15">15 i 1917</date>
’ (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012670FED68AC4FE97" box="[618,713,352,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">BMNH</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9A740126C4FED68AF3FE9E" box="[734,766,352,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="generic">8♂</specimenCount>
4Ψ, Delarey,
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A740127B8FED68BE2FE97" box="[930,1007,352,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1917-01">i.1917</date>
, Brauns (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012045FED68CBBFE97" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[1119,1206,352,378]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9A740120A5FED68CD2FE9E" box="[1215,1247,352,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="generic">7♂</specimenCount>
3Ψ,
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012100FED68D79FE97" box="[1306,1396,352,378]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">NMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9A74012166FED68D91FE9E" box="[1404,1436,352,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
1Ψ); 1Ψ, Delarey,
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A74012571FE3E89D0FE4F" box="[363,477,392,418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1917-01-15">15.i.1917</date>
, Brauns (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012650FE3E8AA7FE4F" box="[586,682,392,418]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">NMNH</collectionCode>
); 1Ψ, Delarey,
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A74012742FE3E8BA8FE4F" box="[856,933,392,418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1919-01">i.1919</date>
, Brauns (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012009FE3E8C64FE4F" box="[1043,1129,392,418]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a6ms-py1z" name="Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">ZSMC</collectionCode>
); 1Ψ, SA Lombard Nature Reserve,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A7401251FFE068968FE27" box="[261,357,432,458]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-27.616667">27°37’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A74012574FE0689DEFE27" box="[366,467,432,458]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="25.483334">25°29’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A740125FAFE068A6CFE27" box="[480,609,432,458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1991-03-12">12.iii.1991</date>
, Londt &amp; Whittington,
<quantity id="4CD223E1FF9A74012761FE068BC3FE27" box="[891,974,432,458]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250m</quantity>
, Sand,
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9A7401203CFE068C75FE24" box="[1062,1144,432,457]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A7401203CFE068C75FE24" box="[1062,1144,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
thornveld (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A7401211BFE068D51FE27" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[1281,1372,432,458]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">NMSA</collectionCode>
); 1Ψ,
<quantity id="4CD223E1FF9A7401248DFE6E88EFFE1F" box="[151,226,472,498]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
E Bultfontein,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A7401258DFE6E89FAFE1F" box="[407,503,472,498]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-28.383333">28°23’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A740125E5FE6E8A6EFE1F" box="[511,611,472,498]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="26.483334">26°29’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A7401266AFE6E8AFDFE1F" box="[624,752,472,498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1991-03-11">11.iii.1991</date>
, Whittington &amp; Londt, nr Vet River Branch (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012118FE6E8D50FE1F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[1282,1373,472,498]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">NMSA</collectionCode>
); 1Ψ, Weenen, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A74012517FDB68962FDF7" box="[269,367,512,538]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-28.85">28°51’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A74012562FDB689D3FDF7" box="[376,478,512,538]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="30.083334">30°05’E</geoCoordinate>
],
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A740125EEFDB68A70FDF7" box="[500,637,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1923-11" valueMax="1923-12-31" valueMin="1923-11-00">xi–xii.1923</date>
, Thomasset (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012701FDB68B77FDF7" box="[795,890,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">BMNH</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9A7401278AFDB68BBDFDFE" box="[912,944,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, Weenen,
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A74012035FDB68C9EFDF7" box="[1071,1171,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1923-12">xii.1923</date>
, Thomasset (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A7401212BFDB68D9DFDF7" box="[1329,1424,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">BMNH</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9A7401248DFD9E88BAFDD6" box="[151,183,552,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, Weenen,
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A7401252BFD9E8970FDAF" box="[305,381,552,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1924-01">
i.
<quantity id="4CD223E1FF9A74012527FD9E8970FDAF" box="[317,381,552,578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.865217632000001" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" unit="ft" value="1924.284">1924</quantity>
</date>
, 2840 ft., Thomasset, Thorn country (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A7401272CFD9E8B9BFDAF" box="[822,918,552,578]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">NMNH</collectionCode>
); 1Ψ, Rolfontein Nature Reserve, Springbok flats,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A740124C7FDE68965FD87" box="[221,360,592,618]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="15" value="-30.036667">30°02’12”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A7401256EFDE68A0EFD87" box="[372,515,592,618]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="15" value="24.758333">24°45’30”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A7401260FFDE68A9BFD87" box="[533,662,592,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="2006-03-25">25.iii.2006</date>
, Londt, Short
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9A74012754FDE68BA1FD84" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[846,940,592,617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A74012754FDE68BA1FD84" box="[846,940,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">Aristida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grassland (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012026FDE68C9AFD87" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[1084,1175,592,618]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">NMSA</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D2C458DFF9A740120ABFDE68CDFFD8E" box="[1201,1234,592,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
1Ψ, Scottburgh, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A74012485FDCE890CFD7F" box="[159,257,632,658]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-30.283333">30°17’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EE8C3FF9A74012512FDCE8962FD7F" box="[264,367,632,658]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="30.75">30°45’E</geoCoordinate>
],
<date id="FF94A8C4FF9A74012598FDCE89E8FD7F" box="[386,485,632,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" value="1976-01-07">7.i.1976</date>
, Quickelberge (
<collectionCode id="ED3B16C1FF9A74012684FDCE8AF4FD7F" box="[670,761,632,658]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/i1wq-4y1w" name="Durban Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">DMSA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF55DE8CFF9A7401248DF8AF8C64F8DC" box="[151,1129,1817,1841]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177469/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[306,1280,724,1783]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9A7401248DF8AF8C64F8DC" blockId="7.[151,1129,1817,1841]" box="[151,1129,1817,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A7401248DF8AF892DF8DC" bold="true" box="[151,288,1817,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 15</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9A74012537F8AC8AB3F8DC" authority="Ricardo, 1925" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[301,702,1818,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A74012537F8AC8A13F8DC" box="[301,542,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">Perasis transvaalensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9A7401263EF8AC8AB3F8DC" author="Ricardo, G." box="[548,702,1818,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" pagination="234 - 282" refId="ref5826" refString="Ricardo, G. (1925) New species of Asilidae from South Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Zoology, Botany and Geology, (9) 15, 234 - 282." type="journal article" year="1925">Ricardo, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, distribution map showing major rivers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C330DD8FFF9A740124DCF8318D91F81C" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9A740124DCF8318D91F81C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1927,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">
Distribution, phenology and biology. The known distribution is illustrated in
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9A74012070F8318CCEF84C" box="[1130,1219,1927,1953]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,724,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[301,1285,717,1791]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 15. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925, distribution map showing major rivers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177469/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
. The data suggest that
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9A740124D0F8198979F825" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[202,372,1967,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9A740124D0F8198979F825" box="[202,372,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">transvaalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a grassland and savanna species occurring in a region receiving summer rainfall. Specimens have been collected from November through to March (i.e. mid-summer and during the rainy season).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C330DD8FFF95740E248DFF2E8B3EFD57" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF95740E248DFF2E8AB9FE4F" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">
While there is little biological information documented, I have collected the species at three localities, where all specimens were found resting on open sandy substrates in savanna dominated by
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF95740E2099FF768CD9FF34" box="[1155,1236,192,217]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF95740E2099FF768CD9FF34" box="[1155,1236,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees. The series collected at Nylsvley Nature Reserve were found on the sandy banks of the Nyl River, above the level that might be flooded during particularly wet weather. They flew fairly sluggishly, often within a few centimeters of the ground, landing on open sandy areas between grass tussocks where they were easy to net. The species appeared to be quite common at this site, but was absent from other sites sampled within the reserve. Feeding and reproductive behaviour was not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF95740E24DCFE068B3EFD57" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">
An intriguing common denominator for all known localities appears to be the occurrence of permanent flowing water nearby. The following rivers (names in brackets) are to be found in the vicinity of each of the known collection sites: Nylsvley Nature Reserve (Nyl River), Platrivier (Plat River), Delareyville (Harts River), S. A. Lombard Nature Reserve (Vaal River),
<quantity id="4CD223E1FF95740E270DFD9E8B69FDAF" box="[791,868,552,578]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
E Bultfontein (Vet River), Weenen (Bushmans River), Scottburgh (Mpambanyani River), Rolfontein Nature Reserve (Orange River). It is possible, therefore, that the species requires conditions associated with the sandy banks of permanent flowing water and may, therefore, only be found within a short distance of rivers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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