710 lines
88 KiB
XML
710 lines
88 KiB
XML
<document id="88FAC59F00EDCD145079099C2A92B5E5" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.632.1.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435118" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1703667392023" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heiduk, Annemarie & Styles, David G. A." docDate="2023" docId="039B87FCFFC4BA125099FA5FFBA4412D" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.632.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 632 (1)" docSource="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.632.1.2/51386" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Ceropegia strophanthiflora Heiduk & D. Styles 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFA2FF84FFC5BA145011FFABFFEB4439" masterDocTitle="Ceropegia strophanthiflora (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) - a magnificent and rare new species from South Africa at the brink of extinction" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1704300740732" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="67B4EE9D6CFE0D6EF3F014D83416B6F7">
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<mods:title id="43152CDC0429E7E8F329E4E05DBEC362">Ceropegia strophanthiflora (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) - a magnificent and rare new species from South Africa at the brink of extinction</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E15C40551570922B56761897ECF6500D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="971A557CBDFC55A75281E74F015A2F6C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D39BAFD425373EFE972212076D09A98F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8D52BB78AA3051BD2BD1C5DC090BBEB3">Heiduk, Annemarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E4529ECB271C42A632843DF7418BE8FA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7857-6646</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="60B852C642077DFD4201E80AE142C062">Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5B0DEB92C426B49B74C9659909706D53" type="email">annemarie.heiduk@gmx.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0CF6864CFB6007BDFE1003A6B24E475A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="169FD636B25FAF7C366CCEBC6540B283">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9EB860F5D7EC1E5B90913FC3EF9FD7AE">Styles, David G. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="172FE8B806754A22B249573FEE7433F9" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5692-2192</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F5ED0CF0DA608EB4656DDA76A32B0835">Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="85D092414BCD48CD71F9D56A8EC4B40A" type="email">david@davidstyles.co.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="47771F28AA84E155FAD6AB2A73393FEA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="442540DA81D548A1790797FBA407DCCC">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="92A9F0470367159E900E7C6F4EF622C4">
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<mods:date id="6C10CC4A90C71F7AA41F9F3E74A6E97E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FD5CA0204F169366DE53F182E48F5590">2023-12-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6BBBA61B8D9D0BFB68817259231C6106">632</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BAFA1FC976FF2971344589C1C1077407">https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.632.1.2/51386</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="2BD0ABD15A320F8ADFCC1F9058E82B2E" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.632.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B6DC73BA4B385C4FB275DD160B01BC2A" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039B87FCFFC4BA125099FA5FFBA4412D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435146" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87FCFFC4BA125099FA5FFBA4412D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87FCFFC4BA125099FA5FFBA4412D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C3286561FFC4BA155099FA5FFC024237" box="[136,1001,1524,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC4BA155099FA5FFC024237" blockId="1.[136,1001,1524,1551]" box="[136,1001,1524,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0C58186FFC4BA155099FA5FFC024237" box="[136,1001,1524,1551]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA155099FA5FFD494237" authority="Heiduk & D.Styles" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,674,1524,1551]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155099FA5FFE284236" bold="true" box="[136,451,1524,1551]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Ceropegia strophanthiflora</emphasis>
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||
Heiduk & D.Styles
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA1552BFFA5FFCEF4237" bold="true" box="[686,772,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2755783FFC4BA1552BFFA5FFCEF4237" box="[686,772,1524,1550]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="13092A6FFFC4BA155304FA5FFCB74237" box="[789,860,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[179,1408,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ceropegia strophanthiflora from the south-western edge of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A,B, Habit of a plant in habitat. C, Excavated tuber. D, Follicle with two developed mericarps. E, Habitat at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (A), 1 cm (B–D). Photographs: David Styles (A–C, E) and Annemarie Heiduk (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435120/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Figs.1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13092A6FFFC4BA155379FA5FFC934237" box="[872,888,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[179,1408,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Floral details of Ceropegia strophanthiflora. A, Full view of flowers illustrating the long and spirally reflexed corolla lobes. B, Floral bud in the process of opening. C,D, Flower with visiting fly (Chrysomyia sp., Calliphoridae). E, Close-up view of gynostegium and purple vibratile trichomes fringing the corolla lobe bases. F, Floral bract indicated by white arrow-head. Scale bars: 5 mm (A–C,E), 2 mm (D,F). Photographs: David Styles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435122/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">2</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="13092A6FFFC4BA155395FA5FFC374237" box="[900,988,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[179,1408,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Flowers of Ceropegia rehmannii (A,B) and details of reproductive structures of C. strophanthiflora (C,E,G) in comparison to its closest relative C. rehmannii (D,F,H). A, Inflorescence of C. rehmannii. B, Close-up image of C. rehmannii flower. C,D, Sideview of gynostegium. E,F, Top-view of gynostegium. G,H, Pollinarium. Scale bars: 1 cm (A), 2 mm (B), 0.5 mm (C–F), 200 µm (G,H). Photographs: David Styles (A,B) and Annemarie Heiduk (C–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435124/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">3C,E,G</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3286561FFC4BA155099F9EBFE0D4243" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC4BA155099F9EBFE0D4243" blockId="1.[136,1452,1600,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CB7FFC4BA155099F9EBFE094243" collectingDate="2019-11-08" collectionCode="NU" collectorName="D. G. A. Styles & A. Heiduk" country="South Africa" elevation="160" location="Mtubatuba" municipality="Mtubatuba" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="NU0094577" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155099F9EBFF29426C" bold="true" box="[136,194,1600,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Type:</emphasis>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="F325767AFFC4BA1550CAF9EBFE65426C" box="[219,398,1600,1621]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
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.
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||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F808FFC4BA15518BF9EBFDDF426F" box="[410,564,1600,1622]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
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||
: inland of
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC90FFC4BA1552B4F9EBFCFB426F" box="[677,784,1600,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Mtubatuba</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA15530DF9EBFCD8426C" box="[796,819,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">ca</emphasis>
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.
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<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA155352F9EBFC6E426C" box="[835,901,1600,1622]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="160.0">
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<elevation id="001FD1D9FFC4BA155352F9EBFC6E426C" box="[835,901,1600,1622]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="160.0">160 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF8C102AFFC4BA155382F9EBFBBD426C" box="[915,1110,1600,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" value="2019-11-08">
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<collectingDate id="EFC8E9C2FFC4BA155382F9EBFBBD426C" box="[915,1110,1600,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" value="2019-11-08">08 November 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155472F9EBFA40426C" box="[1123,1451,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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||
<collectorName id="26C7533CFFC4BA155472F9EBFA9A426C" box="[1123,1393,1600,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">D.G.A. Styles & A. Heiduk</collectorName>
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||
5773
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<typeStatus id="54898848FFC4BA1550D5F9CFFEF14243" box="[196,282,1636,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC4BA15510EF9CFFEAC4240" box="[287,327,1636,1657]" country="Thailand" name="Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">NU</collectionCode>
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! [
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||
<specimenCode id="DB949E91FFC4BA155147F9CFFE3E4243" box="[342,469,1636,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">NU0094577</specimenCode>
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])
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3286561FFC4BA155099F92CFC2B43A0" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC4BA155099F92CFC2B43A0" blockId="1.[136,1452,1600,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155099F92CFF1842A4" bold="true" box="[136,243,1671,1693]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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||
—
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA15511AF923FDF842A4" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[267,531,1672,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
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<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA15511AF923FDF842A4" box="[267,531,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Ceropegia strophanthiflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA155288F923FCF242A4" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[665,793,1672,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
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||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155288F923FCF242A4" box="[665,793,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
by longer petioles up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA155405F923FBA642A4" box="[1044,1101,1672,1693]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (vs. ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA1554D5F923FB1142A4" box="[1220,1274,1672,1693]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA15550CF923FA7542A4" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1309,1438,1672,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA15550CF923FA7542A4" box="[1309,1438,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), usually 2-flowered inflorescences (vs. generally 4-flowered in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA155300F907FC6442F8" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[785,911,1708,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155300F907FC6442F8" box="[785,911,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), centrally purple flowers (vs. centrally creamish-yellow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA1550C9F97BFEBC42DC" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[216,343,1744,1765]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA1550C9F97BFEBC42DC" box="[216,343,1744,1765]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) with greenish-yellow, purple speckled corolla lobe bases (vs. dark purplish-maroon in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA1554A4F97BFADE42DC" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1205,1333,1744,1765]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA1554A4F97BFADE42DC" box="[1205,1333,1744,1765]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) and purple vibratile trichomes on margins of the corolla lobe bases (vs. glabrous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA155397F95FFBED4330" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[902,1030,1780,1801]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155397F95FFBED4330" box="[902,1030,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Corolla lobe tips are more slender, much longer (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA155116F8B3FE854314" box="[263,366,1816,1838]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="15.0">15–27 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA155184F8B3FE104314" box="[405,507,1816,1838]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="10.0">10–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA155208F8B3FD7D4314" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[537,662,1816,1837]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155208F8B3FD7D4314" box="[537,662,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), reflexed and twisted (vs. usually straight and held upwards in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA1554E7F8B3FA984314" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1270,1395,1816,1837]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA1554E7F8B3FA984314" box="[1270,1395,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The gynostegial corona of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA155189F897FDB94368" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[408,594,1852,1873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155189F897FDB94368" box="[408,594,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has thick, rectangular staminal lobes (vs. linear in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA155458F897FB224368" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1097,1225,1852,1873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155458F897FB224368" box="[1097,1225,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) exceeding the anthers (vs. not exceeding anthers in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA1551CBF8CBFDB3434C" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[474,600,1888,1909]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA1551CBF8CBFDB3434C" box="[474,600,1888,1909]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), lacks distinct interstaminal corona lobes (vs. present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA155497F8CBFAEF434C" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1158,1284,1888,1909]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155497F8CBFAEF434C" box="[1158,1284,1888,1909]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and is glabrous throughout (vs. with tufts of white hairs on interstaminal lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC4BA155325F82FFC5943A0" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[820,946,1924,1945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155325F82FFC5943A0" box="[820,946,1924,1945]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286561FFC4BA165099F863FDE947E9" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC4BA165099F863FDE947E9" blockId="1.[136,1451,1992,2091]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,977]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155099F863FEF743DB" bold="true" box="[136,284,1992,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
—Perennial herb.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA1551FAF863FDDB43DA" bold="true" box="[491,560,1992,2019]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Tuber</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA155228F863FD5843DA" box="[569,691,1992,2019]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155339F862FCDC43DB" box="[808,823,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">±</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA155326F863FC6343DA" box="[823,904,1992,2019]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
high.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA1553C0F863FBFE43DB" bold="true" box="[977,1045,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Stems</emphasis>
|
||
1–2, sub-erect or spreading, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA155590F863FF5F4C3E" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="135.0">135 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA1550FAF846FF114C3F" box="[235,250,2029,2054]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">±</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA1550EAF847FED04C3E" box="[251,315,2028,2055]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam., branched at first or second internode, annual, green, hirsute to puberulous, internodes
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA155574F847FF5F4C12" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13–18 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC4BA155111F7BBFEA44C13" bold="true" box="[256,335,2064,2090]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
ovate to broadly lanceolate, 25.5–51.5 × 14.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA155363F7BBFC304C12" box="[882,987,2064,2091]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="22.5">22.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, apex obtuse to acute, petiole 2–4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC4BA165599F7BBFF5C4480" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; lamina hirsute above and below; leave margins brownish, undulate, puberulous.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA16544FFF35FAED4480" bold="true" box="[1118,1286,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
extra-axillary, 1–2 flowered;
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165123FF69FE9344E5" box="[306,376,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">bracts</emphasis>
|
||
1.7–2.0 mm long, narrowly triangular;
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165357FF69FC7344E5" box="[838,920,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">flowers</emphasis>
|
||
with foul scent reminiscent of dung, anthesis 1–2 days.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165111FF4DFEBF4538" bold="true" box="[256,340,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Pedicel</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA16516FFF4CFE664539" box="[382,397,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
90° angle from stem,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA16529AFF4CFD714539" box="[651,666,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
5.5–8.0 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA165303FF4DFC864538" box="[786,877,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, green often with brownish-purplish colourations, hirsute to puberulous.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA16516EFEA1FE21451C" bold="true" box="[383,458,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Sepals</emphasis>
|
||
narrowly lanceolate, 5.5–6.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA165338FEA1FC6B451C" box="[809,896,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, green often with brownish-purplish colourations, puberulous, ascending along the corolla base with often incurved tips.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1653D5FE85FBF04570" bold="true" box="[964,1051,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Corolla</emphasis>
|
||
open-rotate,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1654A6FE84FB2D4570" bold="true" box="[1207,1222,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA1654D7FE85FAF24570" box="[1222,1305,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165099FEF9FEF24554" bold="true" box="[136,281,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Corolla tube</emphasis>
|
||
shallowly campanulate, ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA16522EFEF9FD2C4554" box="[575,711,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
deep,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165303FEF8FCCA4555" box="[786,801,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA165330FEF9FC9B4554" box="[801,880,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam., proportionally 1/5 or less of total corolla length, inside dark purple-brownish with darker spots, glabrous; outside brownish-purplish, scabrid.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA16551EFEDDFA4045A8" bold="true" box="[1295,1451,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Corolla lobes</emphasis>
|
||
spreading to reflexed,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165197FE30FE7E458D" box="[390,405,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
4–5 times longer than tube,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA1652C5FE31FCA4458C" box="[724,847,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="15.0">15–27 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total length;
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165414FE31FB38458D" box="[1029,1235,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">corolla lobe bases</emphasis>
|
||
5.5–6.0 mm broad at base, 5.5–6.0 mm long, keeled from about half way, basally ovate-triangular, distally attenuate-tapering, merging into slender corolla lobe tips, lush green to greenish-yellow, dark-green or purple speckled, margins revolute, margin brownish-purple and densely fringed with filiform-subulate, purple vibratile trichomes of 1.5–2.0 mm length, otherwise glabrous above, scabrid below;
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1651E8FD81FD5C467D" box="[505,695,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">corolla lobe tips</emphasis>
|
||
confluent with lobe bases, caudate, slender, narrowly lanceolate,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165099FDE4FF7C4651" box="[136,151,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA165086FDE5FEF84650" box="[151,275,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, revolute, slightly longitudinally furrowed, twisted, yellowish-green, glabrous above, puberulous below.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1650CAFDD9FE9846B5" bold="true" box="[219,371,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Gynostegium</emphasis>
|
||
sessile, dark purple throughout, robust and fleshy-sturdy.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165404FDD9FB1246B4" bold="true" box="[1045,1273,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Gynostegial corona</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA165513FDD9FA6746B4" box="[1282,1420,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="5.1" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.7">4.7–5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1650C6FD3CFF0D4689" box="[215,230,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA1650F6FD3DFED44688" box="[231,319,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, of complanate staminal and interstaminal parts,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1653A0FD3DFB084689" box="[945,1251,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">interstaminal corona lobes</emphasis>
|
||
joined forming a cup with V-shaped thick margin, lobules reduced to obtuse bulges, confluent with inner lobes, glabrous;
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA16555AFD11FEF246C1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">staminal corona lobes</emphasis>
|
||
broadly linear-oblong,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165232FD74FDD946C1" box="[547,562,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
2.5–3.0 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA1652B7FD75FD1446C0" box="[678,767,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, appressed to and arising along the anthers and stamen, with slight groove at their base, descending on style-head, not totally covering the latter, tips sometimes bilobed, partly overlapping irregularly, glabrous.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165215FC8DFD7B4778" bold="true" box="[516,656,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Pollinarium</emphasis>
|
||
with broadly ovoid pollinia tapering towards corpusculum,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA16553AFC8CFAD14779" box="[1323,1338,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
450 × 380 µm, yellowish, with narrow insertion crest
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165267FCE0FD6E475D" box="[630,645,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
250 µm long and 50 µm broad; caudicles
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165476FCE0FB9D475D" box="[1127,1142,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
100 µm long; corpusculum sagittate,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1650E4FCC4FEEF47B1" box="[245,260,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
390 × 215 µm, reddish brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165276FCC5FD2047B0" bold="true" box="[615,715,878,905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Follicles</emphasis>
|
||
usually with both mericarps developed, erect, narrowly fusiform tapering at the tip,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165177FC38FE9E4795" box="[358,373,915,940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA165164FC39FE2C4794" box="[373,455,914,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA16522FFC39FD694794" box="[574,642,914,941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam., glabrous.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA16537DFC39FC464794" bold="true" box="[876,941,914,941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
linear-oblong, flattened, with broad margin, comose, coma white,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA16516AFC1CFE6147E9" box="[379,394,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">±</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA16519AFC1DFE2947E8" box="[395,450,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286561FFC7BA165099FC55FD2C40F5" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC7BA165099FC55FE054021" blockId="2.[136,494,1022,1048]" box="[136,494,1022,1048]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<heading id="D0C58186FFC7BA165099FC55FE054021" bold="true" box="[136,494,1022,1048]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165099FC55FE054021" bold="true" box="[136,494,1022,1048]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Additional material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC7BA165099FBE1FD3040BD" blockId="2.[136,1452,1098,1228]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC7BA165099FBE1FE644066" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,399,1098,1119]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165099FBE1FE644066" box="[136,399,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Ceropegia strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F325767AFFC7BA1651BDFBE1FDB54066" box="[428,606,1098,1119]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F808FFC7BA165279FBE1FCE94059" box="[616,770,1098,1120]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||
: inland of Mtubatuba,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1653CCFBE1FC1F4066" box="[989,1012,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA165411FBE1FBAB4066" box="[1024,1088,1098,1120]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="158.0">158 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8C102AFFC7BA16545BFBE1FAED4066" box="[1098,1286,1098,1120]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="2020-11-28">28 November 2020</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165501FBE1FA794066" box="[1296,1426,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
D.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC7BA165539FBE1FAD04066" box="[1320,1339,1098,1119]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC7BA16552EFBE1FABA4066" box="[1343,1361,1098,1119]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
. Styles
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1650ACFBC5FEB840BA" box="[189,339,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC7BA1650ACFBC5FF2440BA" box="[189,207,1134,1155]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
. Heiduk 6142
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(flowers in ethanol
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC7BA165204FBC5FDD640BA" box="[533,573,1134,1155]" country="Thailand" name="Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">NU</collectionCode>
|
||
! [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC7BA16525AFBC5FD9B40BD" box="[587,624,1134,1156]" country="Thailand" name="Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">NU</collectionCode>
|
||
0094579]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC7BA165099FB39FD2C40F5" blockId="2.[136,1452,1098,1228]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC7BA165099FB39FEBD409E" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[136,342,1170,1191]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165099FB39FEBD409E" box="[136,342,1170,1191]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Ceropegia rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F325767AFFC7BA165163FB39FDCD409E" box="[370,550,1170,1191]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F808FFC7BA165221FB39FD214091" box="[560,714,1170,1192]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Umgungundlovu District, north of Wartburg,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165480FB39FB43409E" box="[1169,1192,1170,1191]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B0FFFC7BA1654A4FB39FB1D409E" box="[1205,1270,1170,1192]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="735.0">735 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8C102AFFC7BA165510FB39FA4C409E" box="[1281,1447,1170,1192]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="2020-10-26">26 October 2020</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1650ACFB1DFE1840F2" box="[189,499,1206,1227]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
D.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC7BA1650C4FB1DFF0340F2" box="[213,232,1206,1227]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC7BA1650FDFB1DFF1540F2" box="[236,254,1206,1227]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
. Styles &
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC7BA16514CFB1DFE8440F2" box="[349,367,1206,1227]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
. Heiduk 6141
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC7BA165211FB1DFDC340F2" box="[512,552,1206,1227]" country="Thailand" name="Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">NU</collectionCode>
|
||
! [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC7BA165226FB1DFDB740F5" box="[567,604,1206,1228]" country="Thailand" name="Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">NU</collectionCode>
|
||
0094578]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286561FFC7BA165099FB51FAC143F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC7BA165099FB51FEAC4261" blockId="2.[136,1452,1274,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165099FB51FE29412D" bold="true" box="[136,450,1274,1300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC7BA1651CFFB50FCF3412D" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[478,792,1274,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1651CFFB50FCF3412D" box="[478,792,1274,1301]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Ceropegia strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in an area of transition from Zululand Coastal Thornveld to Zululand Lowveld and falls within the south-western edge of the Maputaland
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F808FFC7BA16546EFAB5FB214101" box="[1151,1226,1310,1336]" country="France" name="Centre" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Centre</collectingRegion>
|
||
of Plant Endemism. These vegetation
|
||
<typeStatus id="54898848FFC7BA16515EFAE8FE614164" box="[335,394,1347,1373]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">types</typeStatus>
|
||
are described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC7BA16525DFAE9FC7D4165" author="Mucina & Rutherford" box="[588,918,1346,1372]" firstAuthor="Mucina" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="439 - 538" refId="ref7884" refString="Rutherford, M. C., Mucina, L., Lotter, M. C., Bredenkamp, G. J., Smit, J. H. L., Scott-Shaw, C. R., Hoare, D. B., Goodman, P. S., Bezuidenhout, H., Scott, L., Ellis, F., Powrie, L. W., Siebert, F., Mostert, T. H., Henning, B. J., Venter, C. E., Camp, K. G. T., Siebert, S. J., Matthews, W. S., Burrows, J. E., Dobson, L., van Rooyen, N., Schmidt, E., Winter, P. J. D., Du Preez, J., Ward, R. A., Williamson, S. & Hurter, P. J. H. (2006) Savanna Biome. In: Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M. C. (Eds.) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. Pretoria, South Africa, pp. 439 - 538." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mucina & Rutherford (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, where assessed as Endangered and Vulnerable respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC7BA165131FACDFDCC41B9" author="Rutherford" box="[288,551,1382,1408]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rutherford" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="439 - 538" refId="ref7884" refString="Rutherford, M. C., Mucina, L., Lotter, M. C., Bredenkamp, G. J., Smit, J. H. L., Scott-Shaw, C. R., Hoare, D. B., Goodman, P. S., Bezuidenhout, H., Scott, L., Ellis, F., Powrie, L. W., Siebert, F., Mostert, T. H., Henning, B. J., Venter, C. E., Camp, K. G. T., Siebert, S. J., Matthews, W. S., Burrows, J. E., Dobson, L., van Rooyen, N., Schmidt, E., Winter, P. J. D., Du Preez, J., Ward, R. A., Williamson, S. & Hurter, P. J. H. (2006) Savanna Biome. In: Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M. C. (Eds.) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. Pretoria, South Africa, pp. 439 - 538." type="book chapter" year="2006">
|
||
Rutherford
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1651B7FACCFE0A41B9" box="[422,481,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). South Africa’s 2018 National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA), which treated ecosystem
|
||
<typeStatus id="54898848FFC7BA165116FA20FEA9419C" box="[263,322,1419,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">types</typeStatus>
|
||
according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) Framework (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC7BA16517FFA05FDAB41F1" author="Bland" box="[366,576,1454,1481]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bland" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refId="ref5301" refString="Bland, L. M., Keith, D. A., Miller, R. M., Murray, N. J. & Rodriguez, J. P. (eds.) (2017) Guidelines for the application of IUCN Red List of Ecosystems Categories and Criteria, Version 1.1. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. ix + 99 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. CH. 2016. RLE. 3. en" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Bland
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1651ACFA04FE1941F1" box="[445,498,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), reassessed them as Critically Endangered and Least Concern respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC7BA165081FA79FE9941D5" author="Skowno" box="[144,370,1490,1517]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Skowno" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refId="ref8286" refString="Skowno, A. L., Matlala, M., Slingsby, J., Kirkwood, D., Raimondo, D. C., von Staden, L., Holness, S. D., Lotter, M., Pence, G., Daniels, F., Driver, A., Desmet, P. G. & Dayaram, A. (2019) Terrestrial ecosystem threat status assessment 2018 - comparison with 2011 assessment for provincial agencies. National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 46." type="book" year="2019">
|
||
Skowno
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1650E4FA78FECC41D5" box="[245,295,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Subsequently, Zululand Coastal Thornveld was declared a Critically Endangered ecosystem in the Revised National List of Threatened Ecosystems (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC7BA1652E0FA5DFB804229" author="South African Government" box="[753,1131,1526,1552]" firstAuthor="South African Government" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refId="ref8396" refString="South African Government (2022) The Revised National List of Threatened Ecosystems, Government Gazette No. 47526. 18 November 2022." type="book" year="2022">South African Government 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where it is stated that it is “narrowly distributed with high rates of habitat loss in the past 28 years (1990–2018), placing the ecosystem
|
||
<typeStatus id="54898848FFC7BA16554EF9B0FA64420C" box="[1375,1423,1563,1589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
at risk of collapse”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC7BA1650ACF9C9FAC143F9" blockId="2.[136,1452,1274,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC7BA16519EF9C8FD284245" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[399,707,1634,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA16519EF9C8FD284245" box="[399,707,1634,1661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Ceropegia strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs within the grassland component of a thicket and grassland mosaic which appears to have been relatively protected from grazing and browsing by livestock. Review of aerial imagery and follow-up visits to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54898848FFC7BA165201F900FDAB42FC" box="[528,576,1707,1733]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality indicate that the vegetation is infrequently burnt and the grassy growth may remain moribund for many years. Consequently, grassland habitat at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54898848FFC7BA1653F2F964FBF842D0" box="[995,1043,1743,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is experiencing a significant degree of bush encroachment, with problem species including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC7BA165341F959FBA74335" box="[848,1100,1778,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dichrostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165341F959FBA74335" box="[848,1100,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Dichrostachys cinerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC7BA16544DF959FAD44334" author="Linnaeus" box="[1116,1343,1778,1805]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" page="520" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="561 - 1200" refId="ref6768" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. et vol. 2. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 1 - 560 (Vol. 1), pp. 561 - 1200 (Vol. 2)." type="journal article" year="1753">Linnaeus 1753: 520</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[no. 25])
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC7BA165099F8BDFE2E4309" author="Wight & Arnott" box="[136,453,1814,1840]" firstAuthor="Wight" page="271" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="271" refId="ref8618" refString="Wight, R. & Arnott, G. A. W. (1834) Dichrostachys cinerea. Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis 1: 271." type="journal article" year="1834">Wight & Arnott (1834: 271)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC7BA1651C3F8BCFC934308" authority="Sprengel (1825: 752)" authorityName="Sprengel" authorityPageNumber="752" authorityYear="1825" box="[466,888,1814,1841]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lippia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1651C3F8BCFD694309" box="[466,642,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Lippia javanica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC7BA16529BF8BDFC934308" author="Sprengel" box="[650,888,1814,1841]" firstAuthor="Sprengel" page="752" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="752" refId="ref8420" refString="Sprengel, C. (1825) Lippia javanica Spreng. Systema vegetabilium, Editio decima sexta 2: 752." type="journal article" year="1825">Sprengel (1825: 752)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the weedy herb
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC7BA165470F8BDFA404309" authority="Schultz" authorityName="Schultz" box="[1121,1451,1814,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helichrysum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kraussii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165470F8BDFABB4309" box="[1121,1360,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Helichrysum kraussii</emphasis>
|
||
Schultz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘Bipontinus’ (1844: 679). It is additionally invaded by the alien invasive species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC7BA165424F891FD514341" authority="(Linnaeus 1759: 1205) R. M. King & H. Robinson (1970: 204)" authorityName="R. M. King & H. Robinson" authorityPageNumber="204" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityPageNumber="1205" baseAuthorityYear="1759" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chromolaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA165424F891FAD9436D" box="[1077,1330,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Chromolaena odorata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC7BA165552F891FEEC4340" author="Linnaeus" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" page="1205" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="1205" refId="ref6815" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1759) Eupatorium odoratum L. Systema Naturae, Editio decima 2: 1205." type="journal article" year="1759">Linnaeus 1759: 1205</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) R.M.King & H.Robinson (1970: 204)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC7BA1652D4F8F4FB984341" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 627)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="627" authorityYear="1753" box="[709,1139,1886,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1652D4F8F4FC954341" box="[709,894,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Lantana camara</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC7BA165395F8F5FB984341" author="Linnaeus" box="[900,1139,1886,1913]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" page="627" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="561 - 1200" refId="ref6768" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. et vol. 2. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 1 - 560 (Vol. 1), pp. 561 - 1200 (Vol. 2)." type="journal article" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 627)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC7BA1654ABF8F5FEB043A5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC7BA1654ABF8F5FADD4341" box="[1210,1334,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC7BA16552DF8F5FF1643A5" author="L'Heritier" firstAuthor="L'Heritier" page="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="18" refId="ref6745" refString="L'Heritier de Brutelle, C. L. (1788) Eucalyptus L'Her. In: Sertum Anglicum. pp. 18." type="book chapter" year="1788">L’Héritier (1788: 18)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Interventions are urgently needed to protect the population and must include destroying woody and scrubby encroachers (requiring both cutting and use of herbicide), alien plant control and regular burning.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D6662FFC6BA175099F80AFBBA43C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435120/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" startId="3.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[179,1408,187,1925]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC6BA175099F80AFBBA43C7" blockId="3.[136,1452,1953,2047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC6BA175099F80AFF16438F" bold="true" box="[136,253,1953,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC6BA175113F80AFDE3438F" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[258,520,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC6BA175113F80AFDE3438F" box="[258,520,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Ceropegia strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the south-western edge of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC6BA17511DF86EFEF643E3" bold="true" box="[268,285,1989,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC6BA175132F86EFED243E3" bold="true" box="[291,313,1989,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Habit of a plant in habitat.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC6BA17522AF86EFDB943E2" bold="true" box="[571,594,1989,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">C,</emphasis>
|
||
Excavated tuber.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC6BA1752EAF86EFCF843E3" bold="true" box="[763,787,1989,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">D,</emphasis>
|
||
Follicle with two developed mericarps.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC6BA175480F86EFB4C43E3" bold="true" box="[1169,1191,1989,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">E,</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (A), 1 cm (B–D). Photographs: David Styles (A–C, E) and Annemarie Heiduk (D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D6662FFC1BA105099F80AFDE64C1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435122" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435122/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" startId="4.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[179,1408,190,1928]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC1BA105099F80AFDE64C1A" blockId="4.[136,1452,1953,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC1BA105099F80AFF15438F" bold="true" box="[136,254,1953,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Floral details of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC1BA1051B3F80AFD43438F" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[418,680,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC1BA1051B3F80AFD43438F" box="[418,680,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Ceropegia strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC1BA1052A4F80AFD27438F" bold="true" box="[693,716,1953,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">A,</emphasis>
|
||
Full view of flowers illustrating the long and spirally reflexed corolla lobes.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC1BA105099F86EFF7543E3" bold="true" box="[136,158,1989,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Floral bud in the process of opening.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC1BA10521BF86EFDD243E2" bold="true" box="[522,569,1989,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">C,D,</emphasis>
|
||
Flower with visiting fly (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC1BA105321F86EFC2343E3" box="[816,968,1989,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC1BA105321F86EFC4F43E3" box="[816,932,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Chrysomyia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC1BA1053C3F86EFBB243E2" box="[978,1113,1989,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calliphoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC1BA105479F86EFB9543E3" bold="true" box="[1128,1150,1989,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">E,</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up view of gynostegium and purple vibratile trichomes fringing the corolla lobe bases.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC1BA1052F2F842FD1E43C7" bold="true" box="[739,757,2025,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">F,</emphasis>
|
||
Floral bract indicated by white arrow-head. Scale bars: 5 mm (A–C,E), 2 mm (D,F). Photographs: David Styles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D6662FFC0BA115099F80AFD1F4C1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10435124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10435124/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" startId="5.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[179,1408,190,1928]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC0BA115099F80AFD1F4C1B" blockId="5.[136,1452,1953,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC0BA115099F80AFF15438F" bold="true" box="[136,254,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC0BA115165F80AFDAA438F" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[372,577,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC0BA115165F80AFDAA438F" box="[372,577,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Ceropegia rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A,B) and details of reproductive structures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC0BA11541EF80AFB23438F" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[1039,1224,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC0BA11541EF80AFB23438F" box="[1039,1224,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">C. strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C,E,G) in comparison to its closest relative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC0BA11514DF86EFE3743E3" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[348,476,1989,2010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC0BA11514DF86EFE3743E3" box="[348,476,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D,F,H).
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC0BA11522CF86EFDBF43E3" bold="true" box="[573,596,1989,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">A,</emphasis>
|
||
Inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC0BA115313F86EFC6843E3" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[770,899,1989,2010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC0BA115313F86EFC6843E3" box="[770,899,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC0BA115380F86EFC4C43E3" bold="true" box="[913,935,1989,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up image of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC0BA11547FF86EFB0543E3" authorityName="Bruyns" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1134,1262,1989,2010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC0BA11547FF86EFB0543E3" box="[1134,1262,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">C. rehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flower.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC0BA115553F86EFA9B43E2" bold="true" box="[1346,1392,1989,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">C,D,</emphasis>
|
||
Sideview of gynostegium.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC0BA115171F842FE6343C7" bold="true" box="[352,392,2025,2046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">E,F,</emphasis>
|
||
Top-view of gynostegium.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC0BA115282F842FD2F43C6" bold="true" box="[659,708,2025,2047]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">G,H,</emphasis>
|
||
Pollinarium. Scale bars: 1 cm (A), 2 mm (B), 0.5 mm (C–F), 200 µm (G,H). Photographs: David Styles (A,B) and Annemarie Heiduk (C–H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286561FFC3BA1250ACFF35FC4547B1" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC3BA1250ACFF35FAA4467D" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
The most common constituents of bush clumps and thicket within the habitat are the following shrubs or small trees:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA125099FF69FEF044E5" box="[136,283,194,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coddia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rudis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA125099FF69FEF044E5" box="[136,283,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Coddia rudis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E.Meyer ex Harvey 1859: i 22)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA12529BFF69FC6844E4" author="Verdcourt" box="[650,899,194,221]" firstAuthor="Verdcourt" page="509" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="509" refId="ref8525" refString="Verdcourt, B. (1981) Coddia rudis (E. Mey. ex Harv.) Verdc. Kew Bulletin 36 (3): 509. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4117584" type="journal article" year="1981">Verdcourt (1981: 509)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA12539FFF68FECA4539" authority="(Gandoger 1918: 56) De Winter (1963" authorityName="De Winter" authorityYear="1963" baseAuthorityName="Gandoger" baseAuthorityPageNumber="56" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichrophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA12539FFF68FB7E44E5" box="[910,1173,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Diospyros dichrophylla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA1254B2FF69FA9744E4" author="Gandoger" box="[1187,1404,194,221]" firstAuthor="Gandoger" page="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="56" refId="ref5981" refString="Gandoger, M. (1918) Royena dichrophylla Gand. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 65: 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1918.10836046" type="journal article" year="1918">Gandoger 1918: 56</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA12559AFF68FECA4539" author="De Winter" firstAuthor="De Winter" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" refId="ref5712" refString="De Winter, B. (1963) Diospyros dichrophylla. Flora of Southern Africa xxvi. pp. 75." type="book" year="1963">De Winter (1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: xxvi. 75),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA12518CFF4DFCA94539" authority="Hiern (1873: 102)" authorityName="Hiern" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1873" box="[413,834,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Euclea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="daphnoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA12518CFF4DFD994539" box="[413,626,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Euclea daphnoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125268FF4DFCA94539" author="Hiern" box="[633,834,230,256]" firstAuthor="Hiern" page="102" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="102" refId="ref6535" refString="Hiern, W. P. (1873) Euclea daphnoides Hiern. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 12 (1): 102." type="journal article" year="1873">Hiern (1873: 102)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA125341FF4CFA684539" authority="Loesener (1908: 303)" authorityName="Loesener" authorityPageNumber="303" authorityYear="1908" box="[848,1411,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Gymnosporia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maranguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA125341FF4CFB674539" box="[848,1164,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Gymnosporia maranguensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125483FF4CFA684539" author="Loesener" box="[1170,1411,230,257]" firstAuthor="Loesener" page="303" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="303" refId="ref6917" refString="Loesener, L. E. (1908) Gymnosporia maranguensis Loes. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, Leipzig 41 (4): 303." type="journal article" year="1908">Loesener (1908: 303)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA125581FF4CFCED451C" authority="(Lamarck 1785: 661) Loesener (1893: 541)" authorityName="Loesener" authorityPageNumber="541" authorityYear="1893" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityPageNumber="661" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Gymnosporia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA125581FF4CFEFD451D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">G. senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125135FEA1FDEF451D" author="Lamarck" box="[292,516,266,293]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="661" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="661" refId="ref6724" refString="Lamarck, J-B. (1785) Celastrus senegalensis Lam. Encyclopedie Methodique Botanique 1 (2): 661." type="journal article" year="1785">Lamarck 1785: 661</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125205FEA0FCED451C" author="Loesener" box="[532,774,266,293]" firstAuthor="Loesener" page="541" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="541" refId="ref6888" refString="Loesener, L. E. (1893) Gymnosporia senegalensis. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, Leipzig 17 (5): 541." type="journal article" year="1893">Loesener (1893: 541)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA12532CFEA0FA43451D" authority="(Burman f. 1768: 60) Kurz (1876: 168)" authorityName="Kurz" authorityPageNumber="168" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Burman f." baseAuthorityPageNumber="60" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[829,1448,266,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Scutia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myrtina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA12532CFEA0FC09451D" box="[829,994,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Scutia myrtina</emphasis>
|
||
(Burman f. 1768: 60)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA1254F0FEA0FA43451D" author="Kurz" box="[1249,1448,266,293]" firstAuthor="Kurz" page="168" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="168" refId="ref6692" refString="Kurz, W. S. (1876) Scutia myrtina. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Part 2. Natural History 44 (3): 168." type="journal article" year="1876">Kurz (1876: 168)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some are spiny and most are likely unpalatable or toxic to livestock.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA1253B0FE85FA7B4571" authority="Schonland (1907: 139)" authorityName="Schonland" authorityPageNumber="139" authorityYear="1907" box="[929,1424,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parvibracteata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA1253B0FE85FB684571" box="[929,1155,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Aloe parvibracteata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA12549DFE85FA7B4571" author="Schonland" box="[1164,1424,302,328]" firstAuthor="Schonland" page="139" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="139" refId="ref8162" refString="Schonland, S. (1907) Aloe parvibracteata Schonland. Records of the Albany Museum 2: 139." type="journal article" year="1907">Schönland (1907: 139)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also quite common. Less often encountered are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA12528AFEF8FA4F4555" authority="(Linnaeus 1753: 521) Willdenow ex Delile (1813: 79)" authorityName="Delile" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1813" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityPageNumber="521" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[667,1444,338,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nilotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA12528AFEF8FCAD4555" box="[667,838,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Acacia nilotica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125342FEF9FBD84554" author="Linnaeus" box="[851,1075,338,365]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" page="521" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="561 - 1200" refId="ref6768" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. et vol. 2. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 1 - 560 (Vol. 1), pp. 561 - 1200 (Vol. 2)." type="journal article" year="1753">Linnaeus 1753: 521</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Willdenow ex Delile (1813: 79)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA125099FEDCFD8345A9" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 294)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="294" authorityYear="1753" box="[136,616,374,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Grewia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA125099FEDCFE8045A9" box="[136,363,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Grewia occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125165FEDDFD8345A9" author="Linnaeus" box="[372,616,374,401]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" page="294" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="561 - 1200" refId="ref6768" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. et vol. 2. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 1 - 560 (Vol. 1), pp. 561 - 1200 (Vol. 2)." type="journal article" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 294)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA125269FEDDFB8B45A8" authority="Radlkofer (1895" authorityName="Radlkofer" authorityYear="1895" box="[632,1120,374,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Hippobromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA125269FEDDFC7245A9" box="[632,921,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Hippobromus pauciflorus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA1253B3FEDDFB8B45A8" author="Radlkofer" box="[930,1120,374,401]" firstAuthor="Radlkofer" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="359" refId="ref7825" refString="Radlkofer, L. A. T. (1895) Hippobromus pauciflorus Radlk. In: Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Vol. iii. part 5. pp. 359." type="book chapter" year="1895">Radlkofer (1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: iii, 5), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA1254FAFEDDFEDC458D" authority="Vahl (1790: 31)" authorityName="Vahl" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1790" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emetica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA1254FAFEDDFA4045A9" box="[1259,1451,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Trichilia emetica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125099FE31FEDC458D" author="Vahl" box="[136,311,410,436]" firstAuthor="Vahl" page="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="31" refId="ref8508" refString="Vahl, M. (1790) Trichilia emetica Vahl. Symbolae Botanicae 1: 31." type="journal article" year="1790">Vahl (1790: 31)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Herbaceous species co-occurring with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA1252E4FE30FC27458D" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[757,972,410,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA1252E4FE30FC27458D" box="[757,972,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">C. strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA12543AFE30FF5545E1" authority="Bentham (1848: 436)" authorityName="Bentham" authorityPageNumber="436" authorityYear="1848" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Acrotome" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA12543AFE30FB1B458D" box="[1067,1264,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Acrotome hispida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA1254E6FE31FF5545E1" author="Bentham" firstAuthor="Bentham" page="436" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="436" refId="ref5390" refString="Bentham, G. (1848) Acrotome hispida Benth. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 12: 436." type="journal article" year="1848">Bentham (1848: 436)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA1250DAFE15FE2845E1" box="[203,451,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Stylosanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA1250DAFE15FE2845E1" box="[203,451,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Stylosanthes fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Retzius 1779–1791: Fasc. v. 26)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125356FE15FC0B45E1" author="Alston" box="[839,992,446,472]" firstAuthor="Alston" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="77" refId="ref5220" refString="Alston, A. H. G. (1931) Stylosanthes fruticosa. In: Hand-book to the Flora of Ceylon. Vol. 6 (Supplement). London: Dulau, pp. 77." type="book chapter" year="1931">Alston (1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: vi. suppl., 77),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA125486FE15FEEA45C5" authority="Harvey (1842: 27)" authorityName="Harvey" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1842" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Crabbea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA125486FE15FABB45E1" box="[1175,1360,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Crabbea hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125548FE14FEEA45C5" author="Harvey" firstAuthor="Harvey" page="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="27" refId="ref6147" refString="Harvey, W. H. (1842) Crabbea hirsuta Harv. The London Journal of Botany 1: 27." type="journal article" year="1842">Harvey (1842: 27)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA12511FFE49FD5545C5" authority="Linnaeus (1782: 224)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="224" authorityYear="1782" box="[270,702,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Gnidia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA12511FFE49FE2B45C5" box="[270,448,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Gnidia capitata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA1251D9FE49FD5545C5" author="Linnaeus" box="[456,702,482,508]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" page="224" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" refId="ref6835" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1782) Gnidia capitata L. Supplementum Plantarum Systematis Vegetabilium Editionis Decimae Tertiae, Generum Plantarum Editiones Sextae, et Specierum Plantarum Editionis Secundae. Brunsvigae, Impensis Orphanotrophei, pp. 244. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 555" type="book" year="1782">Linnaeus (1782: 224)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA1252DAFE48FB2C45C5" authority="T. Anderson (1863: 42)" authorityName="T. Anderson" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1863" box="[715,1223,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Justicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anagalloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA1252DAFE48FC5045C5" box="[715,955,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Justicia anagalloides</emphasis>
|
||
T.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA1253C6FE49FB2C45C5" author="Anderson" box="[983,1223,482,508]" firstAuthor="Anderson" page="42" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="42" refId="ref5258" refString="Anderson, T. (1863) Justicia anagalloides. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society Botany 7: 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1863. tb 01066 b. x" type="journal article" year="1863">Anderson (1863: 42)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA1254C5FE49FDAE4619" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Macledium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="zeyheri" subSpecies="argyrophullum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA1254C5FE49FA4045C5" box="[1236,1451,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Macledium zeyheri</emphasis>
|
||
(Sonders) S.Ortiz subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA12518EFDADFDAE4619" box="[415,581,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">argyrophullum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125242FDADFD344619" author="Oliver" box="[595,735,518,544]" firstAuthor="Oliver" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="1461" refId="ref7182" refString="Oliver, D. (1884) Dicoma argyrophylla Oliv. Hooker's Icones Plantarum 15: t. 1461." type="journal article" year="1884">Oliver 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: t. 1461) S.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125349FDADFBC84619" author="Ortiz" box="[856,1059,518,544]" firstAuthor="Ortiz" page="743" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="743" refId="ref7672" refString="Ortiz Nunez, S. (2001) Macledium zeyheri subsp. argyrophyllum. Taxon 50 (3): 743. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1223704" type="journal article" year="2001">Ortiz (2001: 743)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA12543FFDADFEE5467D" authority="E. Meyer (1847: 226)" authorityName="E. Meyer" authorityPageNumber="226" authorityYear="1847" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atriplicifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA12543FFDADFAAF4619" box="[1070,1348,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Thunbergia atriplicifolia</emphasis>
|
||
E.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA12554EFDACFEE5467D" author="Meyer" firstAuthor="Meyer" page="226" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="56" refId="ref7056" refString="Meyer, E. (1847) Thunbergia atriplicifolia. In: Drege Zwei Pflanzengeographische Documente. pp. 226, Nomen; Et Ex Nees, in DC. Prodromus. Vol. 11. pp. 56." type="journal article" year="1847">Meyer (1847: 226)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA125108FD80FCB1467D" authority="Schulz ex Walpers (1843: 947)" authorityName="Walpers" authorityPageNumber="947" authorityYear="1843" box="[281,858,554,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA125108FD80FE13467D" box="[281,504,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Vernonia natalensis</emphasis>
|
||
Schulz ex Walpers (1843: 947)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA125384FD81FAA0467D" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 673)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="673" authorityYear="1753" box="[917,1355,554,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Waltheria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA125384FD81FBBB467D" box="[917,1104,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Waltheria indica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B1BFFC3BA125446FD81FAA0467D" author="Linnaeus" box="[1111,1355,554,581]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" page="673" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" pagination="561 - 1200" refId="ref6768" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. et vol. 2. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 1 - 560 (Vol. 1), pp. 561 - 1200 (Vol. 2)." type="journal article" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 673)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC3BA1250ACFDE5FE1D46C1" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54898848FFC3BA1250E3FDE4FEC94650" box="[242,290,591,617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is situated within a larger natural area enclosed by a patchwork of informal settlement, next to which the heavy utilization of veld by cattle and goats has reduced much of the grass cover to near lawn-like consistency. While there is still some herbaceous grassland plant diversity, this tends to comprise unpalatable or very low-growing species. It is nonetheless possible that some plants could still occur here, but these conditions are not conducive to long-term survival.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC3BA1250ACFCA9FC4547B1" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC3BA1250ACFCA9FF3B4725" box="[189,208,770,796]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
further issue highlighted is expansion of coal mining inland of Mtubatuba in future. Mining may displace existing settlement, and by providing improved access and temporary economic and employment opportunities, promote new and increased settlement with all of its accompanying impacts. This can transform potential habitat and unless it is well managed and mitigated cause further encroachment on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54898848FFC3BA12530CFCC4FCA647B0" box="[797,845,879,905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286561FFC3BA1250ACFC39FF0E47E8" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC3BA1250ACFC39FF0E47E8" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA1250ACFC39FEA84795" bold="true" box="[189,323,914,940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Phenology:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA12514EFC38FD7A4795" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[351,657,914,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA12514EFC38FD7A4795" box="[351,657,914,941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Ceropegia strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was seen in flower between November and January. Fruits were seen in January.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286561FFC3BA1250ACFC71FC7F4020" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC3BA1250ACFC71FC7F4020" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA1250ACFC71FEA347CD" bold="true" box="[189,328,986,1012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
—The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA12525AFC71FCE747CD" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[587,780,986,1012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA125244FC71FCE747CD" box="[597,780,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ refers to the unusually long, caudate and twisted, reflexed corolla lobes reminiscent of flowers found in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA1252E9FC55FC674021" authorityName="A. P. de Candolle" authorityYear="1802" box="[760,908,1022,1048]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Strophanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA1252E9FC55FC674021" box="[760,908,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Strophanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286561FFC3BA1250ACFB89FBA4412D" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36EAFFC3BA1250ACFB89FBA4412D" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA1250ACFB89FE5C4005" bold="true" box="[189,439,1058,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Conservation status:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA1251C5FB88FCE14005" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" box="[468,778,1058,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA1251C5FB88FCE14005" box="[468,778,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Ceropegia strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54898848FFC3BA125422FB88FB884004" box="[1075,1123,1059,1085]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality which lies within a highly transformed area. Not more than 10 individuals were found to occur at this locality. The habitat is critically threatened by grazing, poor fire-management of grassland, bush encroachment and above all by continuing and expanding settlement and accompanying disturbance. We explicitly recommend that the conservation status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D69FFC3BA125583FB24FED440F5" authorityName="Heiduk & D. Styles" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ceropegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strophanthiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EAF8FFC3BA125583FB24FED440F5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">C. strophanthiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is declared to be Critically Endangered (CR) under Criteria
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE2FFFC3BA1253C4FB19FC0140F5" box="[981,1002,1202,1228]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
|
||
1(a)(b), C2(a)(i) and D (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2019). This species appears to be at the brink of extinction and there is a dire need to protect this exceptionally rare species, including from unscrupulous private collectors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |