treatments-xml/data/03/9B/87/039B87D4FF84AE3FB166A9FD6879FB35.xml

<document id="C1CA5217B5DDDADFA741CFCD7D707131" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2023.2225066" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883786" ID-ZooBank="AEFDB294-AE8F-426D-9805-FC701798A986" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711486399490" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Paterson, John R., Garc ́ ıa-Bellid, Diego C. &amp; Edgecomb, Gregory D." docDate="2023" docId="039B87D4FF84AE3FB166A9FD6879FB35" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.21.1.2225066.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (2225066) 21 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2225066" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571.1:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Anomalocaris daleyae Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4A7969A5-C180-454D-9DC4-42FAC9714F8F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFA2FFACFF80AE33B04DAF326C70FFB4" masterDocTitle="The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1713362273842" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="12CFFA0E9188BD0DF9B4DDFB463A36BD">The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ACAB4CC0B219C11D71270BACDDB58381">Paterson, John R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="681D58212A651B32A49C298AF63E1E7E">Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F72885C0460620BC5E7B926C6DA93016">Garc ́ ıa-Bellid, Diego C.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3286549FF84AE37B166A9FD6EF1F953" box="[299,641,1743,1767]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF84AE37B166A9FD6EF1F953" blockId="4.[299,641,1743,1802]" box="[299,641,1743,1767]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0C581AEFF84AE37B166A9FD6EF1F953" box="[299,641,1743,1767]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF84AE37B166A9FD6E51F953" authority="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb, 2023" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[299,545,1743,1767]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF84AE37B166A9FD6E51F953" bold="true" box="[299,545,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557ABFF84AE37B267A9E26EF1F953" box="[554,641,1744,1767]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3286549FF84AE34B1CEA9C06D8EFCD0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF84AE37B1CEA9C06E58F8BD" blockId="4.[299,641,1743,1802]" box="[387,552,1778,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
(
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF84AE37B1C1A9C06E50F8BD" box="[396,544,1778,1802]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStart-3="Figure 5" captionStart-4="Figure 6" captionStart-5="Figure 7" captionStartId-0="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionStartId-1="7.[159,226,1796,1817]" captionStartId-2="8.[159,226,1846,1867]" captionStartId-3="9.[159,226,1679,1700]" captionStartId-4="10.[159,226,1331,1352]" captionStartId-5="11.[159,226,1184,1205]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1470,191,1812]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1470,191,1812]" captionTargetBox-3="[160,1466,191,1655]" captionTargetBox-4="[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetBox-5="[166,1480,190,1155]" captionTargetId-0="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetId-1="figure-0@6.[159,1466,188,1839]" captionTargetId-2="figure-0@8.[159,1470,188,1825]" captionTargetId-3="figure-73@9.[160,1466,188,1658]" captionTargetId-4="figure-292@10.[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetId-5="figure-342@11.[159,1482,188,1163]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionTargetPageId-5="11" captionText-0="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figure 3. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. A, endite 1 (En1). B, endite 3 (En3). C, endite 5 (En5). D, distal part of frontal appendage. E, oral cone. Arrowheads in A–C indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12, claw podomeres 9–12; ds, dorsal spine; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 5 mm." captionText-2="Figure 4. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P54844a, b. Paired frontal appendages and partial oral cone. A, B, P54844a. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, D, P54844b. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–7, endites of claw podomeres 1–7; oc, oral cone. Scale bars: 10mm." captionText-3="Figure 5. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P55619b. Frontal appendage. A, B, photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, endite 5 (En5). D, endite 7 (En7). Arrowheads in C, D indicate auxiliary spines; anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9. Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; C, D = 3 mm." captionText-4="Figure 6. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. A, B, paratype SAMA P15374b. Frontal appendage. A, overview. B, detail of proximal and distal parts of enrolled appendage; arrowheads indicate auxiliary spines. C, SAMA P54915. Distal part of frontal appendage, showing four dorsal spines. D, E, SAMA P54874a, b, respectively. Oral cone. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp10, claw podomeres 1–10; ds, dorsal spine; En1, endite of claw podomere 1. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–E = 5 mm." captionText-5="Figure 7. Reconstructions of Emu Bay Shale radiodont frontal appendages. A, B, Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. A, entire appendage. B, oblique cross-section of first claw podomere (Cp1) showing enlarged paired endites, each bearing three pairs of auxiliary spines. C, D, Echidnacaris briggsi (Nedin, 1995). C, entire appendage. D, oblique cross-section of typical claw podomere in middle portion of appendage showing paired endites bearing both auxiliary spines and spinules." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986515" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883794" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883796" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883798" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883800" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10986515/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10883794/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10883796/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10883798/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10883800/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Figs 2–7A, B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF84AE37B0D0A8006ECFF8FD" blockId="4.[157,703,1842,1897]" box="[157,703,1842,1866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
1995 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF84AE37B096A8006DEAF8FD" box="[219,410,1842,1865]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF84AE37B096A8006D01F8FD" box="[219,369,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
; Nedin: 33–36, figs 2, 3B.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF84AE37B0D0A8606E59F8DD" blockId="4.[157,703,1842,1897]" box="[157,553,1874,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
1997 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF84AE37B096A8606DEAF8DD" box="[219,410,1874,1897]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF84AE37B096A8606D01F8DD" box="[219,369,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
; Nedin: 134.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF84AE37B307A94268A7F933" blockId="4.[842,1467,1648,1896]" box="[842,1239,1648,1671]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
1999 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF84AE37B3C4A9426838F933" box="[905,1096,1648,1671]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF84AE37B3C4A942686FF933" box="[905,1055,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
; Nedin: 989.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF84AE37B307A9A2693DF913" blockId="4.[842,1467,1648,1896]" box="[842,1357,1680,1703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
2006 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF84AE37B3C4A9A26838F913" box="[905,1096,1680,1703]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF84AE37B3C4A9A2686FF913" box="[905,1055,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
; Paterson and Jago: 43.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF84AE37B307A9826F9CF8B3" blockId="4.[842,1467,1648,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
2011 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF84AE37B3C3A9826854F973" authority="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb, 2023" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[910,1060,1712,1735]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF84AE37B3C3A9826854F973" box="[910,1060,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557ABFF84AE37B47FA98268E2F973" box="[1074,1170,1712,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; Paterson, Garćıa-Bellido, Lee, Brock, Jago, and Edgecombe: 237–240, figs 1, 2, SI fig. 1a–e.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF84AE37B307A822687EF8D3" blockId="4.[842,1467,1648,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
2013 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF84AE37B3DEA822692EF893" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[915,1374,1808,1831]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF84AE37B3DEA8226853F893" box="[915,1059,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF84AE37B425A82268AAF893" box="[1128,1242,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Daley, Paterson, Edgecombe, Garćıa-Bellido, and Jago: 973, 975–977, fig. 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF85AE36B0D0AF8F6D1AFF40" blockId="5.[157,781,189,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
2014 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF85AE36B094AF8F6DFEFF60" box="[217,398,189,212]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B094AF8F6D18FF60" box="[217,360,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Emu Bay; Vinther, Stein, Longrich, and Harper: 498.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF85AE36B0D0AFCF6D50FEE0" blockId="5.[157,781,189,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
2014 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF85AE36B090AFCF6EEFFEA0" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[221,671,253,276]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B090AFCF6D06FEA0" box="[221,374,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B1E8AFCF6E6EFEA0" box="[421,542,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Lerosey-Aubril, Hegna, Babcock, Bonino, and Kier: 274–275.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF85AE36B0D0AE6F6F7AFE20" blockId="5.[157,781,189,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
2014 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF85AE36B0A9AE6F6EC6FEC0" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[228,694,349,372]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B0A9AE6F6D0AFEC0" box="[228,378,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B1F4AE6F6E40FEC0" box="[441,560,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Cong, Ma, Hou, Edgecombe, and Strausfeld: ext. data fig. 4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF85AE36B0D0AEAF6E34FE60" blockId="5.[157,781,189,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
2015 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF85AE36B091AEAF6EE5FE00" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[220,661,413,436]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B091AEAF6D02FE00" box="[220,370,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B1ECAEAF6E68FE00" box="[417,536,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Van Roy, Daley, and Briggs: ext. data fig. 10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF85AE36B307AF8F683EFEA0" blockId="5.[842,1467,189,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
2016 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF85AE36B3C6AF8F6939FF60" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[907,1353,189,212]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B3C6AF8F6851FF60" box="[907,1057,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B41EAF8F68BAFF60" box="[1107,1226,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Paterson, Garćıa-Bellido, Jago, Gehling, Lee, and Edgecombe: 3–5, figs 3j, k, 4c, d.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF85AE36B307AE2F68AAFEE0" blockId="5.[842,1467,189,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
2016 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF85AE36B3D9AE2F691BFE80" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[916,1387,285,308]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B3D9AE2F685AFE80" box="[916,1066,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B420AE2F6894FE80" box="[1133,1252,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Jago, Garćıa-Bellido, and Gehling: 549.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF85AE36B307AE6F6F96FE20" blockId="5.[842,1467,189,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
2017 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF85AE36B3C7AE6F6934FEC0" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[906,1348,349,372]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B3C7AE6F6850FEC0" box="[906,1056,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B402AE6F68B6FEC0" box="[1103,1222,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Pates and Daley: 468.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF85AE36B307AEAF6F83FE60" blockId="5.[842,1467,189,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
2018 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF85AE36B3C3AEAF6803FE00" box="[910,1139,413,436]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B3C3AEAF6854FE00" box="[910,1060,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
sp. A
</taxonomicName>
(Emu Bay); Lerosey-Aubril and Pates: 4.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D664AFF85AE36B0D2A81168C7F8D9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" startId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" targetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF85AE36B0D2A81168C7F8D9" blockId="5.[159,1466,1827,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B0D2A8116C8FF88C" bold="true" box="[159,255,1827,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF85AE36B146A8116D95F88C" authority="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb, 2023" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[267,485,1827,1848]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B146A8116D95F88C" box="[267,485,1827,1848]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557ABFF85AE36B1A2A8116E30F88C" box="[495,576,1827,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B54BA811696DF88C" bold="true" box="[1286,1309,1827,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">A,</emphasis>
photograph. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B5E8A81169CAF88C" bold="true" box="[1445,1466,1827,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">B,</emphasis>
camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B379A80F6871F8E6" bold="true" box="[820,1025,1853,1874]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Abbreviations: BEn</emphasis>
, base endite; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B4C0A80F689DF8E6" bold="true" box="[1165,1261,1853,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Cp1–Cp9</emphasis>
, claw podomeres 1– 9; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B0F4A86A6CBFF8D9" bold="true" box="[185,207,1880,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">ds</emphasis>
, dorsal spine; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B12DA86A6DD1F8D9" bold="true" box="[352,417,1879,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">En1–9</emphasis>
, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF85AE36B2A1A86A6E8DF8D9" bold="true" box="[748,765,1880,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">ts</emphasis>
, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D0AF8F6D6EFEA2" blockId="7.[157,781,189,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
2019 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B0ABAF8F6EB0FF60" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[230,704,189,212]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B0ABAF8F6D0CFF60" box="[230,380,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B18CAF8F6E48FF60" box="[449,568,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Guo, Pates, Cong, Daley, Edgecombe, Chen, and Hou: 105–106.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D0AE2D6D72FECD" blockId="7.[157,781,189,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
2020 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B091AE2D6EEDFE82" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[220,669,287,310]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B091AE2D6D02FE82" box="[220,370,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B1E4AE2D6E50FE82" box="[425,544,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Paterson, Edgecombe, and Garćıa-Bellido: 1, 2, 5, 6–8, figs 4, 5C, D.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D2AEB06ECFFE0E" blockId="7.[157,781,189,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
2021 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B090AEB06EE3FE2D" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[221,659,386,409]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B090AEB06D03FE2D" box="[221,371,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B1EDAEB06E67FE2D" box="[416,535,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Pates, Daley, Edgecombe, Cong, and Lieberman: 258.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D0AEF16E40FE48" blockId="7.[157,781,189,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
2021 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B090AEF16EEBFE6E" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[221,667,451,474]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B090AEF16D03FE6E" box="[221,371,451,474]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B1E8AEF16E6CFE6E" box="[421,540,451,474]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Wu, Ma, Lin, Sun, Zhang, and Fu: 3, 6–10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D0AD376E7DFD89" blockId="7.[157,781,189,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
2021 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B092AD376ED0FDA8" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[223,672,517,540]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B092AD376D05FDA8" box="[223,373,517,540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B1E4AD376E50FDA8" box="[425,544,517,540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Wu, Fu, Ma, Lin, Sun, and Zhang: 215.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D0AD746D04FD14" blockId="7.[157,781,189,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
2021 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B0AAAD746EB2FDE9" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[231,706,582,605]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B0AAAD746D0DFDE9" box="[231,381,582,605]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B18FAD746E49FDE9" box="[450,569,582,605]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Jiao, Lerosey-Aubril, Ortega-Herńandez, Yang, Lan, and Zhang: 269, 271.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D0AD9A6EBFFD55" blockId="7.[157,781,189,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
2022 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B091AD9A6EEEFD0B" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[220,670,680,703]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B091AD9A6D02FD0B" box="[220,370,680,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B1E4AD9A6E50FD0B" box="[425,544,680,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Bicknell, Holmes, Pates, Garćıa-Bellido, and Paterson: 13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D0ADD86DC6FC96" blockId="7.[157,781,189,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
2023 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B0AEADD86ECAFCB5" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[227,698,746,769]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B0AEADD86D09FCB5" box="[227,377,746,769]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B1F2ADD86E46FCB5" box="[447,566,746,769]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Zeng, Zhao, and Zhu: 14, 15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D0AC196D8EFCD0" blockId="7.[157,781,189,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
2023 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B0A9AC196ECEFCF6" authority="Whiteaves" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[228,702,811,834]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B0A9AC196D0AFCF6" box="[228,378,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B18FAC196E49FCF6" box="[450,569,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">canadensis</emphasis>
Whiteaves
</taxonomicName>
; Potin and Daley: 11, 16, fig. 6F–H.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3286549FF87AE34B0D2AC4F6D3BFB44" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D2AC4F6E3FFBC9" blockId="7.[159,781,893,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B0D2AC4F6D63FC20" bold="true" box="[159,275,893,916]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Base endite of frontal appendage 80% height of associated podomere; pair of tiny auxiliary spines on base endite. Proximal portion of claw endites 1, 3, 5 and 7 relatively robust; En1 with three pairs of auxiliary spines; En3 with two pairs of auxiliary spines; En5 and 7 with two posterior auxiliary spines. Cp 9–13 with well-developed dorsal spines; Cp13 with terminal spine of roughly equal length to dorsal spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D2ABA56D3BFB44" blockId="7.[159,780,1175,1264]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B0D2ABA56DFBFB1A" bold="true" box="[159,395,1175,1198]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
For Allison Daley, in recognition of her impressive work on radiodonts, including Emu Bay Shale taxa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3286549FF87AE34B0D2AA386979FE0C" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D2AA386E52FA12" blockId="7.[159,781,1290,1446]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3C9FFF87AE34B0D2AA386E52FA12" collectionCode="SAMA" county="Big Gully" location="Previously" municipality="Kangaroo Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="P51398" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B0D2AA386D7DFA95" bold="true" box="[159,269,1290,1313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="54898860FF87AE34B0D2AA386D79FA95" box="[159,265,1290,1313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED23AE07FF87AE34B156AA386D18FA95" box="[283,360,1290,1313]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB949EB9FF87AE34B13AAA386DBCFA95" box="[375,460,1290,1313]" collectionCode="SAMA" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">P51398</specimenCode>
; pair of frontal appendages and associated oral cone (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B188AA196E7BFAF6" box="[453,523,1323,1346]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B253AA196E5BFAF6" box="[542,555,1323,1346]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[159,226,1796,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[159,1466,188,1839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. A, endite 1 (En1). B, endite 3 (En3). C, endite 5 (En5). D, distal part of frontal appendage. E, oral cone. Arrowheads in A–C indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12, claw podomeres 9–12; ds, dorsal spine; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986515/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">3</figureCitation>
) from level 
<locationDeviation id="9A3F2FE0FF87AE34B2F3AA196D41FAD7" location="Buck Quarry" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
<quantity id="4CCA9B27FF87AE34B2F3AA196F7DFAF6" box="[702,781,1323,1346]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7686" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="10.9">10.9 in</quantity>
Buck Quarry
</locationDeviation>
(35 
<superScript id="7C479B8AFF87AE34B12CAA7A6D1AFAED" attach="left" box="[353,362,1352,1369]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">ǫ</superScript>
34 
<superScript id="7C479B8AFF87AE34B1CAAA7A6DFCFAED" attach="none" box="[391,396,1352,1369]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Į</superScript>
25 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B1E5AA7F6DC2FAD0" bold="true" box="[424,434,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">ʺ</emphasis>
S, 137 
<superScript id="7C479B8AFF87AE34B247AA7A6E63FAED" attach="none" box="[522,531,1352,1369]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">ǫ</superScript>
34 
<superScript id="7C479B8AFF87AE34B262AA7A6E44FAED" attach="left" box="[559,564,1352,1369]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Į</superScript>
36 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B21DAA7F6E2AFAD0" bold="true" box="[592,602,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">ʺ</emphasis>
E), 
<collectingCounty id="62EC4E4EFF87AE34B2D8AA7E6F78FAD7" box="[661,776,1356,1379]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Big Gully</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9ACB8FF87AE34B0D2AA5C6D27FA31" box="[159,343,1390,1413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Kangaroo Island</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F820FF87AE34B12AAA5C6E66FA31" box="[359,534,1390,1413]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">South Australia</collectingRegion>
. 
<location id="8EED6019FF87AE34B269AA5C6EE6FA31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87D4FF84AE3FB166A9FD6879FB35:8EED6019FF87AE34B269AA5C6EE6FA31" box="[548,662,1390,1413]" county="Big Gully" municipality="Kangaroo Island" name="Previously" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="South Australia">Previously</location>
illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF87AE34B08FAABD6DD4FA12" author="Paterson, J. R. &amp; Jago, J. B. &amp; Gehling, J. G. &amp; Lee, M. S. Y. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D." box="[194,420,1423,1446]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref16179" refString="Paterson, J. R., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., Jago, J. B., Gehling, J. G., Lee, M. S. Y., &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. (2016). The Emu Bay Shale Konservat-Lagerst ¨ atte: A view of Cambrian life from East Gondwana. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 173, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10. 1144 / jgs 2015 - 083" type="journal article" year="2016">Paterson et al. (2016</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3j, k).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D2AA8D6D22F974" blockId="7.[159,781,1471,1728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B0D2AA8D6D68FA62" bold="true" box="[159,280,1471,1494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="54898860FF87AE34B0D2AA8D6D63FA62" box="[159,275,1471,1494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Frontal appendages: 
<collectionCode id="ED23AE07FF87AE34B257AA8D6E17FA62" box="[538,615,1471,1494]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
P15374 (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B2AEAA8D6C97FA4C" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[159,226,1331,1352]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetId="figure-292@10.[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. A, B, paratype SAMA P15374b. Frontal appendage. A, overview. B, detail of proximal and distal parts of enrolled appendage; arrowheads indicate auxiliary spines. C, SAMA P54915. Distal part of frontal appendage, showing four dorsal spines. D, E, SAMA P54874a, b, respectively. Oral cone. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp10, claw podomeres 1–10; ds, dorsal spine; En1, endite of claw podomere 1. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883798/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
; En1 previously illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF87AE34B216AAD36D6BF9AD" author="Daley, A. C. &amp; Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Jago, J. B." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="971 - 990" refId="ref14143" refString="Daley, A. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., &amp; Jago, J. B. (2013). New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits. Palaeontology, 56, 971 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12029" type="journal article" year="2013">
Daley, Paterson 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B0D2A9306CAAF9AD" box="[159,218,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3E), P40807 (previously illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF87AE34B0D2A9116D58F98E" author="Nedin, C." box="[159,296,1571,1594]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="31 - 40" refId="ref15983" refString="Nedin, C. (1995). The Emu Bay Shale, a Lower Cambrian fossil Lagerst ¨ atten, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 18, 31 - 40." type="journal article" year="1995">Nedin, 1995</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF87AE34B135A9116F76F98E" author="Daley, A. C. &amp; Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Jago, J. B." box="[376,774,1571,1594]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="971 - 990" refId="ref14143" refString="Daley, A. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., &amp; Jago, J. B. (2013). New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits. Palaeontology, 56, 971 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12029" type="journal article" year="2013">A and Daley, Paterson et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3A–D), P42037 (previously illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF87AE34B28BA9776DF8F9C9" author="Daley, A. C. &amp; Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Jago, J. B." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="971 - 990" refId="ref14143" refString="Daley, A. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., &amp; Jago, J. B. (2013). New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits. Palaeontology, 56, 971 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12029" type="journal article" year="2013">Daley, Paterson et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3F–H), P54844 (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B2C1A9546EBFF9C9" box="[652,719,1638,1661]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[159,226,1846,1867]" captionTargetBox="[161,1470,191,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[159,1470,188,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P54844a, b. Paired frontal appendages and partial oral cone. A, B, P54844a. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, D, P54844b. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–7, endites of claw podomeres 1–7; oc, oral cone. Scale bars: 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883794/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
; pair of frontal appendages and associated oral cone), and P55619 (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B14FA99B6D32F974" box="[258,322,1705,1728]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[159,226,1679,1700]" captionTargetBox="[160,1466,191,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[160,1466,188,1658]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P55619b. Frontal appendage. A, B, photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, endite 5 (En5). D, endite 7 (En7). Arrowheads in C, D indicate auxiliary spines; anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9. Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; C, D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883796/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B301AF8F6979FE0C" blockId="7.[844,1467,189,441]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B301AF8F6839FF60" bold="true" box="[844,1097,189,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Additional material.</emphasis>
Frontal appendages: 
<collectionCode id="ED23AE07FF87AE34B520AF8F69CAFF60" box="[1389,1466,189,212]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
P54915 (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B3FFAFEF6877FF40" box="[946,1031,221,244]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[159,226,1331,1352]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetId="figure-292@10.[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. A, B, paratype SAMA P15374b. Frontal appendage. A, overview. B, detail of proximal and distal parts of enrolled appendage; arrowheads indicate auxiliary spines. C, SAMA P54915. Distal part of frontal appendage, showing four dorsal spines. D, E, SAMA P54874a, b, respectively. Oral cone. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp10, claw podomeres 1–10; ds, dorsal spine; En1, endite of claw podomere 1. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883798/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
), in addition to other specimens listed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF87AE34B33FAFCC68DCFEA1" author="Daley, A. C. &amp; Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Jago, J. B." box="[882,1196,254,277]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="971 - 990" refId="ref14143" refString="Daley, A. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., &amp; Jago, J. B. (2013). New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits. Palaeontology, 56, 971 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12029" type="journal article" year="2013">Daley, Paterson et al. (2013</bibRefCitation>
, supp. information) and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF87AE34B301AE2D684BFE82" author="Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D." box="[844,1083,287,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="6721" refId="ref16117" refString="Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., &amp; Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C. (2020). Disparate compound eyes of Cambrian radiodonts reveal their developmental growth mode and diverse visual ecology. Science Advances, 6, eabc 6721. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / sciadv. abc 6721" type="journal article" year="2020">Paterson et al. (2020</bibRefCitation>
, table S4) as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B4A2AE2D69FFFE82" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[1263,1423,287,310]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B555AE2D69FFFE82" box="[1304,1423,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ or ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B318AE0D6878FEE2" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[853,1032,319,342]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
aff. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B3DCAE0D6878FEE2" box="[913,1032,319,342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, respectively. Oral cones: 
<collectionCode id="ED23AE07FF87AE34B520AE0D69CAFEE2" box="[1389,1466,319,342]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
P54874 (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B3FDAE526853FEC3" box="[944,1059,352,375]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[159,226,1331,1352]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetId="figure-292@10.[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. A, B, paratype SAMA P15374b. Frontal appendage. A, overview. B, detail of proximal and distal parts of enrolled appendage; arrowheads indicate auxiliary spines. C, SAMA P54915. Distal part of frontal appendage, showing four dorsal spines. D, E, SAMA P54874a, b, respectively. Oral cone. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp10, claw podomeres 1–10; ds, dorsal spine; En1, endite of claw podomere 1. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883798/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6D, E</figureCitation>
), in addition to P54255 and P54799. Compound eye specimens are listed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF87AE34B555AEB26FFAFE0C" author="Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="6721" refId="ref16117" refString="Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., &amp; Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C. (2020). Disparate compound eyes of Cambrian radiodonts reveal their developmental growth mode and diverse visual ecology. Science Advances, 6, eabc 6721. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / sciadv. abc 6721" type="journal article" year="2020">Paterson et al. (2020</bibRefCitation>
, table S3) as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B460AE9368B3FE0C" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[1069,1219,417,440]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B460AE9368B3FE0C" box="[1069,1219,417,440]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type’.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3286549FF87AE38B301AEE36961FA1F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE39B301AEE36931F939" blockId="7.[844,1467,465,1728]" lastBlockId="10.[844,1467,1494,1901]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B301AEE36FA7FE5C" bold="true" box="[844,983,465,488]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Description.</emphasis>
Frontal appendages are Ĺ 
<quantity id="4CCA9B27FF87AE34B4B6AEE36920FE5C" box="[1275,1360,465,488]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="183.0">183 mm</quantity>
in length along the dorsal margin (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF87AE34B420AEC069DBFDBD" author="Daley, A. C. &amp; Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Jago, J. B." box="[1133,1451,498,521]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="971 - 990" refId="ref14143" refString="Daley, A. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., &amp; Jago, J. B. (2013). New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits. Palaeontology, 56, 971 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12029" type="journal article" year="2013">Daley, Paterson et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
), consisting of a non-segmented base and a claw of 13 podomeres (Cp1–13). The single podomere of the base is rectangular (length:height is ~1.8) and at least twice as long as the adjacent podomere (Cp1), without a conspicuous dorsal kink at the articulation of the base and Cp1 (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B3DDAD846F84FD79" box="[912,1012,693,717]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStartId-0="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionStartId-1="7.[159,226,1796,1817]" captionStartId-2="8.[159,226,1846,1867]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1470,191,1812]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1470,191,1812]" captionTargetId-0="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetId-1="figure-0@6.[159,1466,188,1839]" captionTargetId-2="figure-0@8.[159,1470,188,1825]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figure 3. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. A, endite 1 (En1). B, endite 3 (En3). C, endite 5 (En5). D, distal part of frontal appendage. E, oral cone. Arrowheads in A–C indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12, claw podomeres 9–12; ds, dorsal spine; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 5 mm." captionText-2="Figure 4. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P54844a, b. Paired frontal appendages and partial oral cone. A, B, P54844a. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, D, P54844b. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–7, endites of claw podomeres 1–7; oc, oral cone. Scale bars: 10mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986515" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883794" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10986515/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10883794/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
). The base endite located at the distal corner is relatively long (length ~80% the height of the associated podomere) and has a single, tiny pair of auxiliary spines situated about two-thirds of the way from its base (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B3FDAC0A6F85FCFB" box="[944,1013,824,847]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B448AC0A6837FCFB" box="[1029,1095,824,847]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[159,226,1331,1352]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetId="figure-292@10.[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. A, B, paratype SAMA P15374b. Frontal appendage. A, overview. B, detail of proximal and distal parts of enrolled appendage; arrowheads indicate auxiliary spines. C, SAMA P54915. Distal part of frontal appendage, showing four dorsal spines. D, E, SAMA P54874a, b, respectively. Oral cone. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp10, claw podomeres 1–10; ds, dorsal spine; En1, endite of claw podomere 1. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883798/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">6A, B</figureCitation>
). Claw podomeres have a trapezoidal outline in lateral view (observed Cp1–Cp11 length:height ratios range from ~0.6 to 0.7), with dorsal margins longer than ventral margins, and the overall size of podomeres gradually decreasing distally. The proximal margin of each podomere is relatively straight, and the distal margin is slightly sinuous. Arthrodial membrane is preserved as recessive triangular regions between podomeres in outstretched frontal appendages (e.g. 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B3C8AB6C6FB5FBC1" box="[901,965,1118,1141]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Claw endites are paired (e.g. 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B56CAB6C6915FBC1" box="[1313,1381,1118,1141]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B538AB6C69F2FBC1" box="[1397,1410,1118,1141]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[159,226,1679,1700]" captionTargetBox="[160,1466,191,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[160,1466,188,1658]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P55619b. Frontal appendage. A, B, photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, endite 5 (En5). D, endite 7 (En7). Arrowheads in C, D indicate auxiliary spines; anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9. Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; C, D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883796/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">5</figureCitation>
) and alternate in length to at least En9, with odd-numbered endites (En1, En3, and so on) being longer than adjacent, even-numbered endites; all endites project anteriorly to varying degrees, with the angle between the endite and the anteroventral margin of the podomere becoming more acute towards the distal end of the claw, shifting abruptly at En9. En1 is enlarged, slightly curved anteriorly, length is ~95% the height of the podomere, and bears three spikey auxiliary spines on both the anterior and posterior margins arranged in pairs, with each pair becoming longer towards the ventral tip of the endite (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B3EDAAD76F94FA48" box="[928,996,1509,1532]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B3B9AAD76865FA48" box="[1012,1045,1509,1532]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[159,226,1796,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[159,1466,188,1839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. A, endite 1 (En1). B, endite 3 (En3). C, endite 5 (En5). D, distal part of frontal appendage. E, oral cone. Arrowheads in A–C indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12, claw podomeres 9–12; ds, dorsal spine; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986515/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">3A</figureCitation>
, 4A, B, 6A, B; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF87AE34B484AAD76FF2F9A9" author="Daley, A. C. &amp; Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Jago, J. B." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="971 - 990" refId="ref14143" refString="Daley, A. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., &amp; Jago, J. B. (2013). New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits. Palaeontology, 56, 971 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12029" type="journal article" year="2013">Daley, Paterson et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3F–H). En2 length is ~50% the height of the podomere, with one small pair of auxiliary spines (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B5C0A9146F2AF9EA" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF87AE34B324A9756FDCF9EA" box="[873,940,1607,1630]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[159,226,1846,1867]" captionTargetBox="[161,1470,191,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[159,1470,188,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P54844a, b. Paired frontal appendages and partial oral cone. A, B, P54844a. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, D, P54844b. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–7, endites of claw podomeres 1–7; oc, oral cone. Scale bars: 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883794/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">4A, B</figureCitation>
). En3 is stout, slightly curved anteriorly, length is ~75% the height of the podomere, bearing two pairs of auxiliary spines (one variably unexposed on either anterior or posterior margin), with each pair becoming longer towards the ventral tip of the endite (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF89AE3AB2DCA8276EA6F898" box="[657,726,1813,1836]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF89AE3AB2AAA8276F76F898" box="[743,774,1813,1836]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[159,226,1796,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[159,1466,188,1839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. A, endite 1 (En1). B, endite 3 (En3). C, endite 5 (En5). D, distal part of frontal appendage. E, oral cone. Arrowheads in A–C indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12, claw podomeres 9–12; ds, dorsal spine; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986515/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">3B</figureCitation>
, 4, 5; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF89AE3AB093A8046E66F8F9" author="Daley, A. C. &amp; Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Jago, J. B." box="[222,534,1846,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9" pagination="971 - 990" refId="ref14143" refString="Daley, A. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., &amp; Jago, J. B. (2013). New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits. Palaeontology, 56, 971 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12029" type="journal article" year="2013">Daley, Paterson et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3D). En4 length is ~40% the height of the podomere, with one small pair of auxiliary spines (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF89AE3AB420A82768C6F898" box="[1133,1206,1813,1836]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF89AE3AB487A82768A7F898" box="[1226,1239,1813,1836]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[159,226,1846,1867]" captionTargetBox="[161,1470,191,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[159,1470,188,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P54844a, b. Paired frontal appendages and partial oral cone. A, B, P54844a. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, D, P54844b. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–7, endites of claw podomeres 1–7; oc, oral cone. Scale bars: 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883794/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">4</figureCitation>
). En5 and En7 are stout, slightly curved anteriorly, lengths are ~60–65% the height of the podomeres, each bearing two auxiliary spines on the posterior margin and one auxiliary spine on the anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B18DAAC46E7AF9B9" box="[448,522,1526,1549]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B26CAAC46E5EF9B9" box="[545,558,1526,1549]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[159,226,1846,1867]" captionTargetBox="[161,1470,191,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[159,1470,188,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P54844a, b. Paired frontal appendages and partial oral cone. A, B, P54844a. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, D, P54844b. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–7, endites of claw podomeres 1–7; oc, oral cone. Scale bars: 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883794/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B208AAC46E22F9B9" box="[581,594,1526,1549]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[159,226,1679,1700]" captionTargetBox="[160,1466,191,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[160,1466,188,1658]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P55619b. Frontal appendage. A, B, photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, endite 5 (En5). D, endite 7 (En7). Arrowheads in C, D indicate auxiliary spines; anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9. Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; C, D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883796/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">5</figureCitation>
). En6 and En8 lengths are ~25–40% the height of the podomeres, with no apparent auxiliary spines (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B1A8A9046E59F9F9" box="[485,553,1590,1613]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B274A9046E36F9F9" box="[569,582,1590,1613]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[159,226,1679,1700]" captionTargetBox="[160,1466,191,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[160,1466,188,1658]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P55619b. Frontal appendage. A, B, photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, endite 5 (En5). D, endite 7 (En7). Arrowheads in C, D indicate auxiliary spines; anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9. Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; C, D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883796/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">5</figureCitation>
), or with a single pair of auxiliary spines on En 
<quantity id="4CCA9B27FF8AAE39B1A2A9646E6BF9D9" box="[495,539,1622,1645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED23AE07FF8AAE39B26BA9646E03F9D9" box="[550,627,1622,1645]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
P54844 (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B2AEA9646CDCF939" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[159,226,1846,1867]" captionTargetBox="[161,1470,191,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[159,1470,188,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P54844a, b. Paired frontal appendages and partial oral cone. A, B, P54844a. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, D, P54844b. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–7, endites of claw podomeres 1–7; oc, oral cone. Scale bars: 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883794/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). En9 length is ~70% the height of the podomere, with the angle between the endite and the ventral margin of the podomere being ~40 
<superScript id="7C479B8AFF8AAE39B249A9836E7DF976" attach="none" box="[516,525,1713,1730]" fontSize="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">ǫ</superScript>
, and without auxiliary spines (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B0BEA9E46D45F959" box="[243,309,1750,1773]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B109A9E46D21F959" box="[324,337,1750,1773]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[159,226,1679,1700]" captionTargetBox="[160,1466,191,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[160,1466,188,1658]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P55619b. Frontal appendage. A, B, photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, endite 5 (En5). D, endite 7 (En7). Arrowheads in C, D indicate auxiliary spines; anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9. Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; C, D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883796/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">5</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8AAE39B12DA9E46EF3F959" author="Daley, A. C. &amp; Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Jago, J. B." box="[352,643,1750,1773]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" pagination="971 - 990" refId="ref14143" refString="Daley, A. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., &amp; Jago, J. B. (2013). New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits. Palaeontology, 56, 971 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12029" type="journal article" year="2013">Daley, Paterson et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3A, B). En10 and En11 are poorly preserved in available specimens. Dorsal spines are present on Cp7–13, with those on Cp7 and Cp8 being very short, and those on Cp9–13 being very long (i.e. of equal or greater length than the dorsal margin of the associated podomere) and have a sickleblade-like outline (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B451AAC46813F9B9" box="[1052,1123,1526,1549]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B43AAAC468E7F9B9" box="[1143,1175,1526,1549]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[159,226,1796,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[159,1466,188,1839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. A, endite 1 (En1). B, endite 3 (En3). C, endite 5 (En5). D, distal part of frontal appendage. E, oral cone. Arrowheads in A–C indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12, claw podomeres 9–12; ds, dorsal spine; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">3D</figureCitation>
, 4, 5A, B, 6A–C; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8AAE39B53AAAC4685CF999" author="Daley, A. C. &amp; Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Jago, J. B." pageId="10" pageNumber="10" pagination="971 - 990" refId="ref14143" refString="Daley, A. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., &amp; Jago, J. B. (2013). New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits. Palaeontology, 56, 971 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12029" type="journal article" year="2013">Daley, Paterson et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3A, B, G, H). The distal-most podomere (Cp13) largely consists of the dorsal spine paired with an elongate terminal spine of roughly equal length, the two diverging at ~35 
<superScript id="7C479B8AFF8AAE39B4EBA94368DFF936" attach="left" box="[1190,1199,1649,1666]" fontSize="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">ǫ</superScript>
(
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B48FA9446973F939" box="[1218,1283,1654,1677]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8AAE39B55FA9446942F939" box="[1298,1330,1654,1677]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[159,226,1796,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[159,1466,188,1839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. A, endite 1 (En1). B, endite 3 (En3). C, endite 5 (En5). D, distal part of frontal appendage. E, oral cone. Arrowheads in A–C indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12, claw podomeres 9–12; ds, dorsal spine; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D664AFF87AE34B0D2A8366EDCF8DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986515" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10986515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986515/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" startId="7.[159,226,1796,1817]" subCaptionStartIDs="7.[667,815,1849,1870]" subCaptionStarts="Abbr" targetBox="[159,1466,188,1839]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF87AE34B0D2A8366EDCF8DD" blockId="7.[159,1467,1796,1897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B0D2A8366C8FF8AD" bold="true" box="[159,255,1796,1817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF87AE34B146A8366D95F8AD" authority="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb, 2023" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[267,485,1796,1817]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B146A8366D95F8AD" box="[267,485,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557ABFF87AE34B1A2A8366E30F8AD" box="[495,576,1796,1817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<typeStatus id="54898860FF87AE34B204A8366ED2F8AD" box="[585,674,1796,1817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED23AE07FF87AE34B2E0A8366E82F8AD" box="[685,754,1796,1817]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B5EEA83669CBF8AD" bold="true" box="[1443,1467,1796,1817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">A,</emphasis>
endite 1 (En1). 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B171A82C6D21F887" bold="true" box="[316,337,1822,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">B,</emphasis>
endite 3 (En3). 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B1BAA82C6E7EF887" bold="true" box="[503,526,1822,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C,</emphasis>
endite 5 (En5). 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B2F9A82C6EBBF887" bold="true" box="[692,715,1822,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">D,</emphasis>
distal part of frontal appendage. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B45AA82C685DF887" bold="true" box="[1047,1069,1822,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">E,</emphasis>
oral cone. Arrowheads in 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B575A82C6916F887" bold="true" box="[1336,1382,1822,1844]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">A–C</emphasis>
indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B2D6A80B6FD8F8FA" bold="true" box="[667,936,1848,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12</emphasis>
, claw podomeres 9–12; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B4D2A80B68C5F8FA" bold="true" box="[1183,1205,1849,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">ds</emphasis>
, dorsal spine; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF87AE34B506A80B692CF8FA" bold="true" box="[1355,1372,1849,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">ts</emphasis>
, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 
<quantity id="4CCA9B27FF87AE34B1B1A8666E44F8DD" box="[508,564,1876,1897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
; E = 
<quantity id="4CCA9B27FF87AE34B23DA8666ED8F8DD" box="[624,680,1876,1897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D664AFF88AE3BB0D2A8046DCFF82F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883794/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" startId="8.[159,226,1846,1867]" targetBox="[161,1470,191,1812]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF88AE3BB0D2A8046DCFF82F" blockId="8.[159,1470,1846,1947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF88AE3BB0D2A8046D71F8FF" bold="true" box="[159,257,1846,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF88AE3BB141A8046D98F8FF" authority="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb, 2023" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[268,488,1846,1867]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF88AE3BB141A8046D98F8FF" box="[268,488,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557ABFF88AE3BB1B8A8046E37F8FF" box="[501,583,1846,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Paratype SAMA P54844a, b. Paired frontal appendages and partial oral cone. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF88AE3BB5CEA80469CDF8FF" bold="true" box="[1411,1469,1846,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">A, B,</emphasis>
P54844a. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF88AE3BB35CA8636F39F8D2" bold="true" box="[785,841,1873,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">C, D,</emphasis>
P54844b. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF88AE3BB0D2A8596D1DF834" bold="true" box="[159,365,1899,1920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Abbreviations: BEn</emphasis>
, base endite; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF88AE3BB1B7A8596E17F834" bold="true" box="[506,615,1899,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Cp1–Cp11</emphasis>
, claw podomeres 1–11; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF88AE3BB313A8596F05F834" bold="true" box="[862,885,1899,1920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">ds</emphasis>
, dorsal spine; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF88AE3BB447A859683BF834" bold="true" box="[1034,1099,1899,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">En1–7</emphasis>
, endites of claw podomeres 1–7; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF88AE3BB5EDA85969C6F834" bold="true" box="[1440,1462,1899,1920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">oc</emphasis>
, oral cone. Scale bars: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D664AFF89AE3AB0D2A9BD6DDEF940" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883796/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="9" startId="9.[159,226,1679,1700]" targetBox="[160,1466,191,1655]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF89AE3AB0D2A9BD6DDEF940" blockId="9.[159,1467,1679,1781]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF89AE3AB0D2A9BD6D72F910" bold="true" box="[159,258,1679,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF89AE3AB140A9BD6D9AF910" authority="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb, 2023" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[269,490,1679,1700]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF89AE3AB140A9BD6D9AF910" box="[269,490,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557ABFF89AE3AB1BAA9BD6E3AF910" box="[503,586,1679,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Paratype SAMA P55619b. Frontal appendage. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF89AE3AB470A9BD6807F910" bold="true" box="[1085,1143,1679,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">A, B,</emphasis>
photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF89AE3AB130A9986DE4F90B" bold="true" box="[381,404,1706,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">C,</emphasis>
endite 5 (En5). 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF89AE3AB276A9986E22F90B" bold="true" box="[571,594,1706,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">D,</emphasis>
endite 7 (En7). Arrowheads in 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF89AE3AB3DFA9986FB3F90B" bold="true" box="[914,963,1706,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">C, D</emphasis>
indicate auxiliary spines; anterior to left, posterior to right. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF89AE3AB0B8A9F66E72F96D" bold="true" box="[245,514,1732,1754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">Abbreviations: Cp1–Cp11</emphasis>
, claw podomeres 1–11; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF89AE3AB2BBA9F66F7CF96D" bold="true" box="[758,780,1732,1753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">ds</emphasis>
, dorsal spine; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF89AE3AB3D2A9F66F90F96D" bold="true" box="[927,992,1732,1754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">En1–9</emphasis>
, endites of claw podomeres 1–9. Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; C, D = 3 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D664AFF8AAE39B0D2AA0168CBFA2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883798/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" startId="10.[159,226,1331,1352]" targetBox="[159,1466,188,1310]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8AAE39B0D2AA0168CBFA2C" blockId="10.[159,1467,1331,1432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B0D2AA016C8FFAFC" bold="true" box="[159,255,1331,1352]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8AAE39B147AA016D94FAFC" authority="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb, 2023" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[266,484,1331,1352]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B147AA016D94FAFC" box="[266,484,1331,1352]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557ABFF8AAE39B1A3AA016E4EFAFC" box="[494,574,1331,1352]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B20AAA016E0EFAFC" bold="true" box="[583,638,1331,1352]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">A, B,</emphasis>
paratype SAMA P15374b. Frontal appendage. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B410AA016805FAFC" bold="true" box="[1117,1141,1331,1352]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">A,</emphasis>
overview. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B4AAAA01688DFAFC" bold="true" box="[1255,1277,1331,1352]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">B,</emphasis>
detail of proximal and distal parts of enrolled appendage; arrowheads indicate auxiliary spines. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B3E4AA7C6FB0FAD7" bold="true" box="[937,960,1358,1379]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">C,</emphasis>
SAMA P54915. Distal part of frontal appendage, showing four dorsal spines. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B1F5AA5A6D9FFAC9" bold="true" box="[440,495,1384,1405]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">D, E,</emphasis>
SAMA P54874a, b, respectively. Oral cone. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B3FBAA5A68F4FAC9" bold="true" box="[950,1156,1384,1405]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Abbreviations: BEn</emphasis>
, base endite; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B55FAA5A690EFAC9" bold="true" box="[1298,1406,1384,1406]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Cp1–Cp10</emphasis>
, claw podomeres 1–10; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B100AAB16D13FA2C" bold="true" box="[333,355,1411,1432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">ds</emphasis>
, dorsal spine; 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B1B9AAB16E6DFA2C" bold="true" box="[500,541,1411,1432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">En1</emphasis>
, endite of claw podomere 1. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–E = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8AAE39B32AA9A469E3F959" blockId="10.[844,1467,1494,1901]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
The compound eyes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8AAE39B421A9A4692AF919" authority="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb, 2023" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[1132,1370,1686,1709]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8AAE39B421A9A4692AF919" box="[1132,1370,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557ABFF8AAE39B528A9A469CBF919" box="[1381,1467,1686,1709]" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
have been previously described in detail by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8AAE39B52CA9846FB6F959" author="Paterson, J. R. &amp; Lee, M. S. Y. &amp; Brock, G. A. &amp; Jago, J. B. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D." pageId="10" pageNumber="10" pagination="237 - 240" refId="ref16273" refString="Paterson, J. R., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., Lee, M. S. Y., Brock, G. A., Jago, J. B., &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. (2011). Acute vision in the giant Cambrian predator Anomalocaris and the origin of compound eyes. Nature, 480, 237 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 10689" type="journal article" year="2011">Paterson et al. (2011</bibRefCitation>
, 2020) and this will not be reiterated here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8AAE38B32AA9C46961FA1F" blockId="10.[844,1467,1494,1901]" lastBlockId="11.[844,1467,1328,1451]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="10">
The oral cone is sub-circular in outline, reaching a diameter of ~ 
<quantity id="4CCA9B27FF8AAE39B3BCA8246849F899" box="[1009,1081,1814,1837]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
in available specimens. It has a triradial symmetry, with three large plates separated by medium- and small-sized plates, and a small central opening. The large plates are oriented ~110–125 
<superScript id="7C479B8AFF8BAE38B28EAA1E6EBCFA89" attach="left" box="[707,716,1324,1341]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">ǫ</superScript>
from each other, of roughly equal size, and have subparallel margins (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8BAE38B147AA436D22FA3C" box="[266,338,1393,1416]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">
Figs 
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2, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8BAE38B12BAA436DF4FA3C" box="[358,388,1393,1416]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[159,226,1796,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[159,1466,188,1839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. A, endite 1 (En1). B, endite 3 (En3). C, endite 5 (En5). D, distal part of frontal appendage. E, oral cone. Arrowheads in A–C indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12, claw podomeres 9–12; ds, dorsal spine; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986515/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">3E</figureCitation>
</geoCoordinate>
</figureCitation>
); one large plate appears to align with the anterior-posterior axis of the head based on two assemblages of paired frontal appendages and the oral cone apparently 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B1DDAAE06DA8FA5D" box="[400,472,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">in situ</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8BAE38B1A0AAE06E45FA5D" box="[493,565,1490,1513]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8BAE38B205AAE06EFEFA5D" box="[584,654,1490,1513]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[159,226,1846,1867]" captionTargetBox="[161,1470,191,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[159,1470,188,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Paratype SAMA P54844a, b. Paired frontal appendages and partial oral cone. A, B, P54844a. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. C, D, P54844b. Photograph and camera lucida drawing, respectively. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp11, claw podomeres 1–11; ds, dorsal spine; En1–7, endites of claw podomeres 1–7; oc, oral cone. Scale bars: 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883794/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">4A, B</figureCitation>
). Medium- and small-sized plates tend to alternate and exhibit folds in their outer portions towards the oral cone margin, with up to eight medium plates in each sector (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8BAE38B2F2A9016F76F9FE" box="[703,774,1587,1610]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">
Figs 
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2, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8BAE38B0D2A9616CCDF9DE" box="[159,189,1619,1642]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[159,226,1796,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[159,1466,188,1839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. A, endite 1 (En1). B, endite 3 (En3). C, endite 5 (En5). D, distal part of frontal appendage. E, oral cone. Arrowheads in A–C indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12, claw podomeres 9–12; ds, dorsal spine; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986515/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">3E</figureCitation>
</geoCoordinate>
</figureCitation>
, 6D, E). Teeth on the inner margins of plates are not clearly preserved in the available specimens. The large and medium-sized plates exhibit nodes that tend to be clustered on the inner portions of the plates, with as many as 12 nodes on large plates (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8BAE38B27CA9E76E08F958" box="[561,632,1749,1772]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">
Figs 
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2, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8BAE38B2C7A9E76ED8F958" box="[650,680,1749,1772]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[159,226,1796,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[159,1466,188,1839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Details of frontal appendage and overview of oral cone. A, endite 1 (En1). B, endite 3 (En3). C, endite 5 (En5). D, distal part of frontal appendage. E, oral cone. Arrowheads in A–C indicate auxiliary spines, anterior to left, posterior to right. Abbreviations: Cp9–Cp12, claw podomeres 9–12; ds, dorsal spine; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986515/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">3E</figureCitation>
</geoCoordinate>
</figureCitation>
, 6D, E). The nodes have an asymmetrical surface profile, with the raised tips directed towards the centre of the oral cone. The remainder of the oral cone surface appears to be smooth. The somewhat distorted preservation of specimen 
<collectionCode id="ED23AE07FF8BAE38B3F1AA026879FAF3" box="[956,1033,1328,1351]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB949EB9FF8BAE38B45EAA026815FAF3" box="[1043,1125,1328,1351]" collectionCode="SAMA" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">P54874</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8BAE38B435AA02689FFAF3" box="[1144,1263,1328,1351]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[159,226,1331,1352]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetId="figure-292@10.[159,1466,188,1310]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. A, B, paratype SAMA P15374b. Frontal appendage. A, overview. B, detail of proximal and distal parts of enrolled appendage; arrowheads indicate auxiliary spines. C, SAMA P54915. Distal part of frontal appendage, showing four dorsal spines. D, E, SAMA P54874a, b, respectively. Oral cone. Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp10, claw podomeres 1–10; ds, dorsal spine; En1, endite of claw podomere 1. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883798/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6D, E</figureCitation>
) suggests that the oral cone was a pliable structure. Based on the 
<typeStatus id="54898860FF8BAE38B510AA6069CAFADD" box="[1373,1466,1362,1385]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED23AE07FF8BAE38B319AA416FD3FA3E" box="[852,931,1395,1418]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB949EB9FF8BAE38B3E0AA416871FA3E" box="[941,1025,1395,1418]" collectionCode="SAMA" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">P51398</specimenCode>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8BAE38B45CAA416823FA3E" box="[1041,1107,1395,1418]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[159,226,1827,1848]" captionTargetBox="[159,1467,533,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-111@5.[159,1467,533,1806]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Anomalocaris daleyae sp. nov. Holotype SAMA P51398a. Paired frontal appendages and oral cone. A, photograph. B, camera lucida drawing (grey lines correspond to cuticle wrinkles). Abbreviations: BEn, base endite; Cp1–Cp9, claw podomeres 1– 9; ds, dorsal spine; En1–9, endites of claw podomeres 1–9; ts, terminal spine on Cp13. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883792/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), the ratio of frontal appendage length to oral cone diameter is about 5:1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4D664AFF8BAE38B0D2AB92682FFAB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883800/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" startId="11.[159,226,1184,1205]" targetBox="[166,1480,190,1155]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8BAE38B0D2AB92682FFAB1" blockId="11.[159,1467,1184,1285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B0D2AB926D73FB01" bold="true" box="[159,259,1184,1205]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Reconstructions of Emu Bay Shale radiodont frontal appendages. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B38AAB926872FB01" bold="true" box="[967,1026,1184,1205]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">A, B,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8BAE38B45CAB92689EFB01" authority="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb, 2023" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[1041,1262,1184,1205]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B45CAB92689EFB01" box="[1041,1262,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557ABFF8BAE38B4B0AB926921FB01" box="[1277,1361,1184,1205]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B512AB926906FB01" bold="true" box="[1375,1398,1184,1205]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">A,</emphasis>
entire appendage. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B15BAB896D5CFB64" bold="true" box="[278,300,1211,1232]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">B,</emphasis>
oblique cross-section of first claw podomere (Cp1) showing enlarged paired endites, each bearing three pairs of auxiliary spines. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B10AABE76D0FFB5E" bold="true" box="[327,383,1237,1258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">C, D,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8BAE38B1C5ABE76E97FB5E" authority="(Nedin, 1995)" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Nedin" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[392,743,1237,1258]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Echidnacaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briggsi">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B1C5ABE76E22FB5E" box="[392,594,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Echidnacaris briggsi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8BAE38B22EABE76EACFB5E" author="Nedin, C." box="[611,732,1237,1258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" pagination="31 - 40" refId="ref15983" refString="Nedin, C. (1995). The Emu Bay Shale, a Lower Cambrian fossil Lagerst ¨ atten, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 18, 31 - 40." type="journal article" year="1995">Nedin, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B2B9ABE76F7BFB5E" bold="true" box="[756,779,1237,1258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">C,</emphasis>
entire appendage. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B385ABE76FAFFB5E" bold="true" box="[968,991,1237,1258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">D,</emphasis>
oblique cross-section of typical claw podomere in middle portion of appendage showing paired endites bearing both auxiliary spines and spinules.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3286549FF8BAE3FB301AAF56879FB35" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8BAE38B301AAF56903F9D0" blockId="11.[844,1467,1479,1901]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B301AAF56FCBFA6A" bold="true" box="[844,955,1479,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
The following discussion considers phylogenetic evidence for the generic assignment of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8BAE38B301A9386831F995" authority="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb, 2023" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[844,1089,1546,1569]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B301A9386831F995" box="[844,1089,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557ABFF8BAE38B403A93868DAF995" box="[1102,1194,1546,1569]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, followed by a specieslevel comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8BAE38B41CA919689CF9F6" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[1105,1260,1579,1602]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B41CA919689CF9F6" box="[1105,1260,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">A. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Burgess Shale, with which it has regularly been compared.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8BAE3FB32AA95F6E88FE23" blockId="11.[844,1467,1479,1901]" lastBlockId="12.[159,782,189,1901]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">
Parsimony analysis of our modified version of the 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8BAE38B301A9BC6865F911" author="Zeng, H. &amp; Zhao, F. &amp; Zhu, M." box="[844,1045,1678,1701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" pagination="2021 - 164" refId="ref17780" refString="Zeng, H., Zhao, F., &amp; Zhu, M. (2023). Innovatiocaris, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerst ¨ atte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 180, jgs 2021 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jgs 2021 - 164" type="journal article" year="2023">Zeng et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
matrix under equal weights (
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8BAE38B510A9BC69C1F911" box="[1373,1457,1678,1701]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[159,226,1486,1507]" captionTargetBox="[169,1461,198,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-98@4.[159,1467,188,1465]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Radiodont phylogeny. A, strict consensus of nine shortest cladograms under equal character weights; numbers at nodes are jackknife frequencies&gt;50%. B, single best fit cladogram under implied weights (k= 3); numbers at nodes are G/C values&gt;50%. Colours indicate clades: Euarthropoda (yellow), Hurdiidae (purple), Amplectobeluidae (blue), Anomalocarididae (green), and Tamisiocarididae sensu stricto (pink)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883790/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
) unites 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8BAE38B3D9A99D68F4F972" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[916,1156,1711,1734]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B3D9A99D68F4F972" box="[916,1156,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in an unresolved trichotomy with the 
<typeStatus id="54898860FF8BAE38B3FAA9E36F95F95C" box="[951,997,1745,1768]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8BAE38B43DA9E36976F95C" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[1136,1286,1745,1768]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B43DA9E36976F95C" box="[1136,1286,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8BAE38B554A9E369C4F95C" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[1305,1460,1745,1768]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B554A9E369C4F95C" box="[1305,1460,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">A. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the 
<typeStatus id="54898860FF8BAE38B3EEA9C06FA1F8BD" box="[931,977,1778,1801]" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B401A9C068A6F8BD" box="[1100,1238,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">Ramskoeldia</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8BAE38B4A9A9C069FEF8BD" box="[1252,1422,1778,1801]" class="Trilobita" family="Redlichiidae" genus="Redlichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyacantha">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B4A9A9C069FEF8BD" box="[1252,1422,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">R. platyacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As the oral cone is undescribed for 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8BAE38B4EBA8216920F89E" box="[1190,1360,1811,1834]" class="Trilobita" family="Redlichiidae" genus="Redlichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyacantha">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B4EBA8216920F89E" box="[1190,1360,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">R. platyacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and body flaps are not assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8BAE38B434A8076881F8F8" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[1145,1265,1845,1868]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8BAE38B434A8076881F8F8" box="[1145,1265,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="11">A. daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this grouping is based on detailed similarities in the frontal appendages. Implied weighting finds the interrelationships of the three species in this clade to be sensitive to differing concavity constants: 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB158AFCC6D51FEA1" box="[277,289,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">k</emphasis>
= 3, 6 and 7 recover a clade of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB2D5AFCC6F7DFEA1" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[664,781,254,277]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB2D5AFCC6F7DFEA1" box="[664,781,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB081AE2C6D05FE81" box="[204,373,286,309]" class="Trilobita" family="Redlichiidae" genus="Redlichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyacantha">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB081AE2C6D05FE81" box="[204,373,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">R. platyacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13092A47FF8CAE3FB1CBAE2C6DA6FE81" box="[390,470,286,309]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[159,226,1486,1507]" captionTargetBox="[169,1461,198,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-98@4.[159,1467,188,1465]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Radiodont phylogeny. A, strict consensus of nine shortest cladograms under equal character weights; numbers at nodes are jackknife frequencies&gt;50%. B, single best fit cladogram under implied weights (k= 3); numbers at nodes are G/C values&gt;50%. Colours indicate clades: Euarthropoda (yellow), Hurdiidae (purple), Amplectobeluidae (blue), Anomalocarididae (green), and Tamisiocarididae sensu stricto (pink)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883790/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
), 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB1A0AE2C6D89FE81" box="[493,505,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">k</emphasis>
= 4, 5, 9 and 10 group 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB2BBAE2C6D66FEE2" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB2BBAE2C6D66FEE2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB113AE0D6E61FEE2" box="[350,529,319,342]" class="Trilobita" family="Redlichiidae" genus="Redlichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyacantha">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB113AE0D6E61FEE2" box="[350,529,319,342]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">R. platyacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB22DAE0D6E1CFEE2" box="[608,620,319,342]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">k</emphasis>
= 8 unites 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB2BBAE0D6C80FEC2" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB2BBAE0D6C80FEC2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB179AE6D6DBDFEC2" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[308,461,351,374]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB179AE6D6DBDFEC2" box="[308,461,351,374]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These unstable alternatives receive almost no support under symmetrical resampling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8CAE3FB0F4AE926DA6FCE9" blockId="12.[159,782,189,1901]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
The characters allying 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB18DAE926EC5FE03" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[448,693,416,439]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB18DAE926EC5FE03" box="[448,693,416,439]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB2BBAE926D5AFE63" class="Trilobita" family="Redlichiidae" genus="Redlichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyacantha">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB2BBAE926D5AFE63" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">R. platyacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the exclusion of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB268AEF26EB2FE63" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[549,706,448,471]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB268AEF26EB2FE63" box="[549,706,448,471]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under some concavity constants involve the greater number of auxiliary spines on claw endites in the former two species. The character matrix of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8CAE3FB1A8AD106EDCFD8D" author="Zeng, H. &amp; Zhao, F. &amp; Zhu, M." box="[485,684,546,569]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="2021 - 164" refId="ref17780" refString="Zeng, H., Zhao, F., &amp; Zhu, M. (2023). Innovatiocaris, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerst ¨ atte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 180, jgs 2021 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jgs 2021 - 164" type="journal article" year="2023">Zeng et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
is quantitatively dominated by frontal appendage characters, which are coded independently for different podomeres or regions along the proximodistal axis of the appendage. This allows a large character sample to be amassed, but predicts the independence of codings for each podomere or region. However, the form of endites, plus numbers and morphologies of anterior and posterior auxiliary spines, exhibit a high degree of covariation along the frontal appendage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8CAE3FB0F4AC556DCDF9DD" blockId="12.[159,782,189,1901]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
Our classification of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB1F3AC556E4BFCCA" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[446,571,871,894]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB1F3AC556E4BFCCA" box="[446,571,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB23AAC556F7DFCCA" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[631,781,871,894]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB23AAC556F7DFCCA" box="[631,781,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB16DACB56DDAFC2A" box="[288,426,903,926]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Ramskoeldia</emphasis>
draws on the near identical tripartite, tuberculate, furrowed oral cones of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB2D8AC9A6F7DFC0B" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[661,781,936,959]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB2D8AC9A6F7DFC0B" box="[661,781,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB0A6ACFA6E25FC6B" box="[235,597,968,991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB0A6ACFA6DD2FC6B" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[235,418,968,991]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">A. canadensis</taxonomicName>
. Ramskoeldia
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB236ACFA6D59FBB4" authority=", Ramskoeldia" authorityName="Ramskoeldia" class="Trilobita" family="Redlichiidae" genus="Redlichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyacantha">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB236ACFA6F76FC6B" box="[635,774,968,991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">platyacantha</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB0D2ACDB6D59FBB4" box="[159,297,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Ramskoeldia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB172ACDB6DDBFBB4" box="[319,427,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">consimilis</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB1B2ACDB6C92FB94" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Amplectobelua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbrachiata">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB1B2ACDB6C92FB94" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Amplectobelua symbrachiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from other radiodonts in possessing smooth plates, tuberculate plates and gnathobase-like structures – with shared features of the teeth and scales – on each of the segments with reduced flaps in an intermediate region between the head and trunk (new character 180 herein) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8CAE3FB0EBAB9E6D06FB77" author="Cong, P. &amp; Allison, A. C. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Hou, X." box="[166,374,1196,1219]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="208" refId="ref13654" refString="Cong, P., Allison, A. C., Edgecombe, G. D., &amp; Hou, X. (2017). The functional head of the Cambrian radiodontan (stem-group Euarthropoda) Amplectobelua symbrachiata. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 17, 208. https: // doi. org / 10. 1186 / s 12862 - 017 - 1049 - 1" type="journal article" year="2017">Cong et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8CAE3FB1C1AB9E6DB0FB77" author="Cong, P. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Daley, A. C. &amp; Guo, J. &amp; Pates, S. &amp; Hou, X." box="[396,448,1196,1219]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="605 - 621" refId="ref13723" refString="Cong, P., Edgecombe, G. D., Daley, A. C., Guo, J., Pates, S., &amp; Hou, X. (2018). New radiodonts with gnathobase-like structures from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and implications for the systematics of Radiodonta. Papers in Palaeontology, 4, 605 - 621. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / spp 2. 1219" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
). These likely constitute the exclusive mouthparts for 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB187ABFE6F76FB57" box="[458,774,1228,1251]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Amplectobelua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbrachiata">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB187ABFE6F76FB57" box="[458,774,1228,1251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Amplectobelua symbrachiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is known from numerous assemblages of paired frontal appendages, head sclerites, associated smooth plates, tuberculate plates and gnathobase-like structures, and body flaps, none of which have an oral cone (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8CAE3FB29FAA7C6D52FA32" author="Cong, P. &amp; Allison, A. C. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Hou, X." pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="208" refId="ref13654" refString="Cong, P., Allison, A. C., Edgecombe, G. D., &amp; Hou, X. (2017). The functional head of the Cambrian radiodontan (stem-group Euarthropoda) Amplectobelua symbrachiata. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 17, 208. https: // doi. org / 10. 1186 / s 12862 - 017 - 1049 - 1" type="journal article" year="2017">Cong et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Based on the detailed similarities in the smooth plates, tuberculate plates and gnathobase-like structures in 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB17EAA826DCAFA73" box="[307,442,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Ramskoeldia</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB1B6AA826EE8FA73" box="[507,664,1456,1479]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Amplectobelua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB1B6AA826EE8FA73" box="[507,664,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Amplectobelua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it cannot presently be excluded that an absence of an oral cone in the latter may pertain to the former as well; the smaller number of body assemblages of the two 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB2CBA9236F7DF99C" box="[646,781,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Ramskoeldia</emphasis>
species conform to those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB1A5A9006EEAF9FD" box="[488,666,1586,1609]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Amplectobelua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symbrachiata">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB1A5A9006EEAF9FD" box="[488,666,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. symbrachiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in apparently lacking an oral cone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36C2FF8CAE3FB0F4A9416879FB35" blockId="12.[159,782,189,1901]" lastBlockId="12.[844,1467,189,1153]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
The historical classification of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB255A9416F7DF93E" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[536,781,1651,1674]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB255A9416F7DF93E" box="[536,781,1651,1674]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Anomalocaris daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see synonymy above) reflects consistent comparison and perceived affinities with 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB243A9866EC1F97F" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[526,689,1716,1739]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB243A9866EC1F97F" box="[526,689,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8CAE3FB281A9866C96F95F" author="Nedin, C." pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="31 - 40" refId="ref15983" refString="Nedin, C. (1995). The Emu Bay Shale, a Lower Cambrian fossil Lagerst ¨ atten, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 18, 31 - 40." type="journal article" year="1995">Nedin (1995)</bibRefCitation>
classified the EBS species under open nomenclature as 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB14FA9C76DB8F8B8" box="[258,456,1781,1804]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB14FA9C76DE8F8B8" box="[258,408,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
but considered Chengjiang frontal appendages previously misassigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB2E1A8276C92F8F9" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB2E1A8276C92F8F9" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Hou and Bergstrom (1991) to be conspecific. The Chengjiang specimens were later identified by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8CAE3FB292A8646FA7FF60" author="Hou, X. &amp; Ahlberg, P." box="[735,983,189,1901]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="163 - 183" refId="ref15011" refString="Hou, X., Bergstr ¨ om, J., &amp; Ahlberg, P. (1995). Anomalocaris and other large animals in the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna of southwest China. Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar, 117, 163 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11035899509546213" type="journal article" year="1995">Hou et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB44EAF8F6812FF60" box="[1027,1122,189,212]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saron">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB44EAF8F6812FF60" box="[1027,1122,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. saron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB4E2AF8F692AFF60" box="[1199,1370,189,212]" family="Tamisiocarididae" genus="Houcaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saron">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB4E2AF8F692AFF60" box="[1199,1370,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Houcaris saron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, following 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8CAE3FB3C8AFEF68E3FF40" author="Wu, Y. &amp; Fu, D. &amp; Ma, J. &amp; Lin, W. &amp; Sun, A. &amp; Zhang, X." box="[901,1171,221,244]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="209 - 221" refId="ref17328" refString="Wu, Y., Fu, D., Ma, J., Lin, W., Sun, A., &amp; Zhang, X. (2021). Houcaris gen. nov. from the early Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerst ¨ atte expanded the palaeogeographical distribution of tamisiocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta). PalZ, 95, 209 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 020 - 00545 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">Wu, Fu et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB4BDAFEF69CBFF40" box="[1264,1467,221,244]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB4BDAFEF69F6FF40" box="[1264,1414,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Subsequent classification of the EBS 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB4A3AFCF6F05FE81" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB4A3AFCF69F4FEA0" box="[1262,1412,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">Anomalocaris</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB3D3AE2C682AFE81" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[926,1114,286,309]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB3D3AE2C6FDEFE81" box="[926,942,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
. cf. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB3AEAE2C682AFE81" box="[995,1114,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and then 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB487AE2C69FEFE81" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[1226,1422,286,309]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB487AE2C68AAFE81" box="[1226,1242,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
. aff. 
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB55AAE2C69FEFE81" box="[1303,1422,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has reinforced the hypothesis that a distinct EBS species is closely comparable to 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB41FAE6D689EFEC2" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[1106,1262,351,374]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB41FAE6D689EFEC2" box="[1106,1262,351,374]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The presence of extra pairs of auxiliary spines on some claw endites was cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8CAE3FB3E2AE92689DFE03" author="Daley, A. C. &amp; Paterson, J. R. &amp; Edgecombe, G. D. &amp; Jago, J. B." box="[943,1261,416,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="971 - 990" refId="ref14143" refString="Daley, A. C., Paterson, J. R., Edgecombe, G. D., Garc´ia-Bellido, D. C., &amp; Jago, J. B. (2013). New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits. Palaeontology, 56, 971 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12029" type="journal article" year="2013">Daley, Paterson et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
as the sole difference between the Australian and Canadian frontal appendages, but variability in auxiliary spine numbers in the EBS material led them to keep the species under open nomenclature. With the larger sample now available, we identify characters of the frontal appendages that permit the diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB4C1AD506971FDCD" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[1164,1281,610,633]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB4C1AD506971FDCD" box="[1164,1281,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB301ADB16F96FD2E" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[844,998,643,666]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB301ADB16F96FD2E" box="[844,998,643,666]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but despite the exceptional preservation in both biotas, we cannot identify consistent diagnostic differences in the oral cones. The most reliable characters for distinguishing 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB418ADD668BDFD4F" authorityName="Paterson &amp; Garćıa-Bellid &amp; Edgecomb" authorityYear="2023" box="[1109,1229,740,763]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleyae">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB418ADD668BDFD4F" box="[1109,1229,740,763]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. daleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB553ADD669CBFD4F" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[1310,1467,740,763]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB553ADD669CBFD4F" box="[1310,1467,740,763]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the much longer base endite (80% the height of the associated podomere, vs 40% in 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D41FF8CAE3FB491AC17690AFC88" authorityName="Whiteaves" authorityYear="1892" box="[1244,1402,805,828]" family="Anomalocarididae" genus="Anomalocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B946EAD0FF8CAE3FB491AC17690AFC88" box="[1244,1402,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="12">A. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the presence of auxiliary spines on the base endite (one pair vs none), the more robust basal portions of the claw endites on odd-numbered podomeres, three pairs of auxiliary spines on En1 (vs one pair or rarely two; see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B33FF8CAE3FB301ACF56877FC6A" author="Zeng, H. &amp; Zhao, F. &amp; Zhu, M." box="[844,1031,967,990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="12" pagination="2021 - 164" refId="ref17780" refString="Zeng, H., Zhao, F., &amp; Zhu, M. (2023). Innovatiocaris, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerst ¨ atte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 180, jgs 2021 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jgs 2021 - 164" type="journal article" year="2023">Zeng et al., 2023</bibRefCitation>
, supplementary fig. 1d, f), two pairs of auxiliary spines on En3 (vs one pair), two posterior auxiliary spines on En5 and En7 (vs one spine), and a terminal spine of roughly equal length to the dorsal spine on Cp13 (vs a terminal spine less than half the length of the dorsal spine).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>